erikson's stages of psychosocial development
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Erikson’s Psychosocial
Stages of Development
EDU105
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Erik EriksonBorn Erik Salomonsen
German Developmental Psychologist
June 15, 1902 (Frankfurt Main, Germany) – May 12, 1994 (Harwich, Cape Cod, Massachusetts)
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Erik Salomonsen
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INTRO TO THE 8 PSYCHOSOCIAL
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Psychosocial – psychological (or the root, “psycho” relating to the mind, brain, personality, etc.) & social (external relationships and environment)
Erikson’s theory was greatly influenced by Sigmund Freud
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His theory is a basis for broad or complex discussion and analysis of personality and behavior, and also for understanding and facilitating development – of self and others.
Each stage involves a “psychosocial crisis” of two opposing emotional forces
INTRO TO THE 8 PSYCHOSOCIAL
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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2 DISPOSITIONS:
*SYNTONIC – POSITIVE
*DYSTONIC – NEGATIVE
If both dispositions are not managed well, we may develop MALADAPTATION & MALIGNANCY
VIRTUES are being carried if a stage is managed well
INTRO TO THE 8 PSYCHOSOCIAL
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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BASIC TRUST VS MISTRUST
Stage 1Infancy
Maladaptation
Sensory Maladjust
ment
Malignancy
Withdrawal
Psychosocial Crisis
Trust Vs. Mistrust
VirtueHope
Too Much Mistrust
Too Much Trust
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BASIC TRUST VS MISTRUST
INFANT STAGE: Birth to 8 months
GOAL: to develop trust without completely eliminating the capacity for mistrust
Developing trust is the first task of the ego, and it is never complete.
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BASIC TRUST VS MISTRUST
TRUST – Firm belief in reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.
MISTRUST – State of being suspicious; lack of trust
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BASIC TRUST VS MISTRUST
MALADAPTATION:
SENSORY MALADJUSTMENT – Overly trusting
MALIGNANCY:
WITHDRAWAL – Characterized by depression, paranoia & psychosis
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BASIC TRUST VS MISTRUST
VIRTUE:
HOPE – strong belief that when things are not going well, they will work out well in the end.
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBTStage 2Early
Childhood
Maladaptation
Impulsiveness
MalignancyCompulsive
ness
Psychosocial Crisis
Autonomy Vs. Shame and
DoubtVirtueWill
Too Much Shame and Doubt
Too Much Autonomy
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBTTODDLER STAGE: 18 months to 3 years
GOAL: to achieve autonomy while minimizing shame and doubt.
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBTAUTONOMY – Independence
SHAME – A painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior.
DOUBT – Feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBTShame develops with the child's self-consciousness.
Doubt has to do with having a front and back – a "behind" subject to its own rules. Left over doubt may become paranoia.
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBTMALADAPTATION:
IMPULSIVENESS – Sort of shameless willfulness that leads you in later childhood and even adulthood, to jump into things without proper consideration of your abilities.
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBTMALIGNANCY:
COMPULSIVENESS – A person feels as if their entire being rides on everything they do, and so everything, must be done perfectly
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBTVIRTUE:
WILL POWER – Controlling deliberately exerted to do something or to restrain one’s own impulses.
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INITIATIVE VS GUILT
Stage 3Early
Childhood Stage
Maladaptation
Ruthlessness
Malignancy
Inhibition
Psychosocial Crisis
Initiative Vs. GuiltVirtue
Courage
Too Much GuiltToo Much Initiative
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INITIATIVE VS GUILT
Early childhood stage: Ages 3 or 4 to 5 or 6
GOAL: to learn initiative without too much guilt.
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INITIATIVE VS GUILT
INITIATIVE – a positive response to the world’s challenges, taking on responsibilities, learning new skills, feeling purposeful.
– the attempt to make that non-reality a reality.
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INITIATIVE VS GUILT
This stage is a time for play, not for formal education.
OEDIPAL CRISIS – the reluctance a child feels in relinquishing his/her closeness to the opposite sex parents.
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INITIATIVE VS GUILT
RUTHLESNESS – to be heartless or unfeeling or be “without mercy.”
INHIBITION – too much guilt.
COURAGE – the capacity for action despite a clear understanding of your limitations and past failings
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INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
Stage 4School Age
Stage
Maladaptation
Narrow Virtuosity
Malignancy
Inertia
Psychosocial Crisis
Industry Vs. Inferiority
VirtueCompetency
Too Much Inferiority
Too Much Industry
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INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
6 – 12 years old
They must learn the feeling of success, whether it is in school or on the playground, academic, or social.
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INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
INFERIORITY – Competence
Just a touch of inferiority keeps us sensible and humble.
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IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
Stage 5Adolescen
ce
Maladaptation
Fanaticism
Malignancy
Repudiation
Psychosocial Crisis
Identity Vs. Role Confusion
VirtueFidelity
Too Much Role Confusion
Too Much Identity
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IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
Puberty to ages 18 0r 20
GOAL: to achieve EGO IDENTITY and avoid ROLE CONFUSION
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IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
EGO IDENTITY – knowing who you are and how you fit in to the rest of the society.
PSYCHOSOCIAL MORATORIUM – taking a little “time out”
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IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
PSYCHOSOCIAL MORATORIUM – one of Erikson’s suggestions for adolescence in our society.
We need to dream a little.
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IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
A fanatic believes that his way is the only way.
REPUDIATION – state of rejection
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INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
Stage 6Young
Adulthood
Maladaptation
Promiscuity
Malignancy
Exclusion
Psychosocial Crisis
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
VirtueLove
Too Much Isolation
Too Much Intimacy
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INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
Young Adulthood: 18 to 30 years old
GOAL: to achieve some degree of intimacy, as opposed remaining in isolation.
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INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
INTIMACY – ability to be close to others, as a lover, a friend, and as a particular participant in society.
“Fear of commitment” – an example of immaturity
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INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
MALADAPTATION:
PROMISCUITY – The tendency to become intimate too freely, too easy, and without any depth to your intimacy.
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INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
MALIGNANCY:
EXCLUSION – The tendency to isolate oneself from love, friendship and community, and to develop a certain hatefulness in compensation for one’s loneliness.
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INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
VIRTUE:
LOVE – Being able to put aside differences and antagonisms through “mutuality of devotion.”
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GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
Stage 7Middle
Adulthood
Maladaptation
Overextension
Malignancy
Rejectivity
Psychosocial Crisis
Generativity Vs. Stagnation
VirtueCaring
Too Much Stagnation
Too Much Generativity
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GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
Middle Adulthood – the time when we are actively involved in raising children.
GOAL: to cultivate the proper balance of generativity and stagnation.
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GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
GENERATIVITY – an extension of love into the future.
STAGNATION – self absorption, caring for no one.
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GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
The stagnant person STOPS to be a reproductive member of the society.
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GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
MALADAPTATION:
OVEREXTENSION – Some people try to be generative that they no longer allow time for themselves, for rest and relaxation.
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GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
MALIGNANCY:
REJECTIVITY – Too little generativity and too much stagnation and you are no longer participating in or contributing to society.
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
Stage 8Late
Adulthood
Maladaptation
Presumption
Malignancy
Disdain
Psychosocial Crisis
Ego Integrity Vs. Despair
VirtueWisdom
Too Much Despair
Too Much Ego Integrity
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
EGO INTEGRITY – Coming to terms with your life, and thereby coming to terms with the end of life.
DESPAIR – The complete loss or absence of hope.
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
Late adulthood/Maturity/Old age
Begins sometime around retirement, around 60
GOAL: to develop ego integrity with a minimal amount of despair.
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
Women go through sometimes dramatic menopause; Men often find they can no longer “rise to the occasion.”
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
Older people become depressed, spiteful, paranoid, hypochondriacal, or developing the patterns of senility with or without physical bases.
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
MALADAPTATION:
PRESUMPTION – Happens when a person “presumes” ego integrity without actually facing the difficulties of old age.
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
MALIGNANCY:
DISDAIN – A contempt of life, one’s own, or anyone.
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EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
VIRTUE:
WISDOM – Someone who approaches death without fear.
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“It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to
have an even longer childhood. Long childhood
makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it
also leaves a life-long residue of emotional immaturity in him.”
— Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994)
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Well-prepared by:
SAN JOSE, AARON FLORES BAUTISTA Y CERVANTES
PULIDO, CHARMAINE JOAN SEDANTO
CAPILI, COLEEN GOMEZ