Erik Stendebach Leila Ling Ashley Wright Describes a society which allows and encourages derivative works A broad term that refers to a wide range of elements in non- mainstream society Grassroots political and social activism Independent music Art Film Appropriation: use of borrowed elements in the creation of a new work Images, forms, or styles Leonardo da Vinci (1452 1519) Recombinant appropriation Biology, mathematics, engineering, and art Pablo Picasso (1881 1973) Used newspaper to create forms Andy Warhol (1928 1987) Campbells soup Sherrie Levine Quotes entire works 1979 After Walker Evans From French coller: to glue An assemblage of different forms, creating a new one Art created from the undisguised, modified use of objects that are not normally considered art, often because of their non-art function. Marcel Duchamp Fountain (1917) L.H.O.O.Q (1919) Assemblage: art of putting together multiple found objects Man Ray Gift (1921) Picasso Baboon and Young (1951) Latin: to flow 1960s: artists, composers, and designers blend different media and disciplines Also called intermedia Event Scores John Cages 4 Minutes and 33 Seconds Geroge Brecht Geroge Brecht Fluxus Boxes (Fluxkits) George Maciunas Printed cards, games, ideas, poems Jamacian dance hall culture Ska, rocksteady, reggae, and dub Ruddy Redwood, King Tubby, Lee Scratch Perry Called these early remixes Variations Disco DJs in New York Discotheques Tom Moulton invented dance remix Jamaican variations meet New York DJ Grandmaster Flash, DJ Kool Herc Cutting: alternating between duplicate copies of same record Scratching: manually moving the vinyl Real-time, live-action collage Time Also called Blends or Bastard Pop Vocals of one song combined with music of another 1956: Bill Buchanan and Dickie Goldman The Flying Saucer Dj Danger Mouse Frank Zappa Eminem Girl Talk Negativland 1970s shift in awareness of commodity capitalism Corporations control media and economy 1980s Rise of information and government New discourses: semiotics, feminism, sociology, culture theory and criticism Backlash against consumerism Shift from passive consumer to consumer/producer Rise of DIY and remix through new media Professor of Law at Stanford Law School On the board of: Creative Commons project MAPLight Free Press Brave New Film Foundation Change Congress The American Academy Berlin Freedom House iCommons.org Author of Remix and Free Culture Creativity and innovation always builds on the past. The past always tries to control the creativity that builds upon it. Free societies enable the future by limiting this power of the past. Ours is less and less a free society. Free Culture - a culture that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works, using the Internet as well as other media The public domain is a range of abstract materials which are not owned or controlled by anyone. 1769 Miller v. Taylor made copyright forever, but was reversed in 1774 1774 Free Culture is born (in England), because copyright was stopped In 1790, free culture was carried to America "They've used their power to protect themselves against innovation, which is exactly what the copyright was originally set up to guard against. Lawrence Lessig A documentary by Davis Guggenheim Alice Randalls The Wind Done Gone The Eldred argument: Congress violated the Constitution when it passed laws that let copyright owners renew the ownership rights to their works The government and entertainment industry argument: The Constitution allows copyrights for a "limited" period and does not preclude Congress from extending the terms of existing copyrights Copyright regulates culture, it needs to be changed, not abolished Traditional creative work Read/Only, creativity of the future is Read/Write The hybrid economy: traditional commercial enterprise with the Internet-friendly ethos of sharing and community Lessig on the Colbert ReportColbert Report Keep it short Keep it simple Keep it alive Keep it prospective Creative Commons, which aims to mark a range of content that can easily, and reliably, be built upon Creative Commons license No commercial use is allowed but users are able to: Copy works Distribute works Transmit works Remix or adapt works must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor Greg Gillis aka GirltalkGirltalk Argues that the lengths of samples are small enough to be considered fair use Fourth album Feed the Animals Made from samples from over 300 songs Remix It Yourself LoopLabs LoopLabs "Is it worth spending the money suing people for what will amount to nothing? Or is it better to embrace it and say, our music is being used in something pretty cool Charlie Brusco Styx Manager The rise of Illegal ArtIllegal Art Henry Jenkins -crystallizing ones political perspectives into a photomontage is no less an act of citizenship than writing a letter to the editor of a local newspaper that may or may not actually print it. Photoshop allowed the effectiveness of DIY/remix satirists to explode Make Yourself famous Your cause known Your voice heard YouTube Enormous avenue for DIY culture DIY road to fame Doritos Crash the Super Bowl Band contest Kina Grannis Henry Jenkins We have seen that consumers and fans are beginning to take pleasure in their newfound power to shape their media environment YouTubes The Internet Symphony Hundreds of thousands of musicians from around the world auditioned via YouTube vlogs Global Mash Up Global Mash Up This is relevant because its been ReMiXeD. ENJOY ENJOY