ergo 4 welders
TRANSCRIPT
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Ergonomics in Welding
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What You Will Learn:
How to identify Work-Related Musculoskeletal
Disorders (WMSDs) in welding jobsPropose solutions for hazardous exposures
Find further information about ergonomics inwelding operations
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C ommon Hazards
C ommon hazards found in welding are:Inhaling metals fumes
Eye exposure to welding arc light
Foreign objects in eyesBurns
Noise
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WMSD HazardsWelding also includes musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) hazards such as: A wkward body postures
Lifting heavy equipment or materials
Static postures for prolonged periods
A wkward postures of the wrist
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By Nature of Injury
Sprains account for
more than 1/3 of thecompensable claimsamong welders in theState of Washington.
Some of those couldbe caused byhazardous WMSDexposures.
WA State-funded compensableclaims 1994-2004Welders, C utters, Solderers
Hearing loss11%
Ill-Def Symptoms
9%
Neural5%
Other13%
Sprains32%
Contussion/Cut/
Scratches16%
Fracture/
Dislocation14%
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WA State-funded compensableclaims 1994-2004Welders, C utters, Solderers
O t
e %
E
%
B ck eck
o lde 8%
H d A m %
oot Le
0%
By Body PartThe back, neck andshoulder together withthe arm and hand
regions make up morethan one half of theinjuries among weldersin Washington State.
Preventive effortsshould therefore focuson those body partsamong welders at your
workplace.
Welding is a strenuous occupation involvingwork in awkward postures and handlingheavy equipment, usually with a high degreeof sustained stress to arm and shoulders.
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A bsences due to injury or illness andthe transfer of welders to other tasks
Overtime for replacement workers.Welders are skilled employees
High employee turnover
Increased training and supervisorytime
Reduced productivity and quality
C onsequences of a poor working environment
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Rigorous manual precisionrequirements
High degree of uniformity
A wkward and static postures
Difficult work position
Heavy lifting, difficult material
handling Heavy objects, heavy welding equipment
Repetition
High work intensity
OFTEN, MORE THAN RISK FACTOR IS P RESENT
WMDS hazards mostcommon in welding
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Duration (how long?)
Frequency (how often?)
Intensity (how hard?)
Hazard Elements
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Working infront
Working atgroundlevel
Workingabove theshoulders
Working atground level,precision work
Working atground level,confined space
Working aboveshoulders,confined space
C ommon posturesadopted in welding
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Torso twisting
Awkward postures in weldingSevere torso flexion
Kneeling, squatting
Bent wrists
Neck flexion/extension
Shoulder flexion/abduction (separation)
Awkward Postures
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T o simplify the welding tasks for the welder andreduce the physical load during the work
A utomate physically demanding or repetitive jobs
Expand the work content of welders (provideflexibility between jobs)
(Multi-skilled workers who are able to perform
different tasks within a group)
T he goal of a healthy workenvironment
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Often cost, ease of maintenance, spaceconsiderations drive the design of theworkplace
When hazards cant be engineered out, usingbest practices is a good alternative
Examples of good design: providing
opportunities for work station adjustments,providing different types of tools, using goodplanning to eliminate unnecessary work
T he Real World
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Ergonomic Solutions for Welding
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Heavy Lifting
U se: Manipulators Lighter weight
welding equipment
Lighter weight cableswith low stiffness Cable supporting
balancers Overhead hoists Lifting and turningtables
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Awkward Postures
Position work betweenwaist and shoulderwhen possible
Provide lifting tablesU se motorizedpositioning devicesU se welding guns withswivels and designedfor use in both hands
Try work stools
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T eam Lifting
Team lifting helpsreduce heavy,awkward lifting of
equipment andmaterials.
AFTER
From: SIMA San Diego Ergonomics Program
BEFORE
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T ables
This picture showsthe worker withconsiderable
bending over at thewaist
AFTER
From: Shipyard Ergonomics, 2003
BEFOREBecause the work ison a table, theworker doesnt have
to bend over as far
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Pre-Assembly
Pre-assembly andmaterial handlingequipment helps reduceunnecessary lifting orany other kind of manual materialhandling
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Ergonomic improvements
This rotational clampfor pipe helps reduceawkward postures forthe neck, shouldersand arms.
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Ergonomic improvements
U se wheeled tables forwelding work and totransport stock and
jobs.
This reduces liftingand carrying of heavy
materials.
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Ergonomic improvements
Welding leads onpulleys help reduceheavy and awkwardlifting, and minimizestatic postures.
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Ergonomic improvements
Robotic automation is afeasible solution tohighly repetitive motionwith the arms andhands. May also reducethe exposure to fumes.
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Not implementing
some or all theseergonomics guidelinesmay result in thefollowing
Not implementing
some or all theseergonomics guidelinesmay result in thefollowing
Possible C onsequences
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Occur when the physicaldemands of work causewear and tear on the body.
Involve soft tissues suchas muscles, tendons,ligaments, joints, nerves,blood vessels.
They are cumulative (occur overtime and not a result of a single incident):
Work-related musculoskeletaldisorders
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Work-relatedmusculoskeletal disorders
Broken bonesCutsSlipsFallsTripsMotor vehicle accidentsBeing struck by orcaught with objects
They are not acute injuries such as:
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Back injuriesShoulder pain/loss of range of motionT endinitis/BursitisReduced muscle strengthC arpal tunnel syndromeWhite finger Knee joint diseases
Back injuriesShoulder pain/loss of range of motionT endinitis/BursitisReduced muscle strengthC arpal tunnel syndromeWhite finger Knee joint diseases
C ommon disorders amongwelders
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T he Ergonomics C ycle
T he ergonomics cycle
shows an organizedway to start your ergonomics effort.
EmployeeInvolvement
Evaluateprogress
ManagementSupport
ProblemIdentification
SolutionImplementation
AddressInjuries
Training
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SHARP Safety & Health Assessment &Research for Prevention
C reditsT he technical contents of thisslideshow are based upon the
presentation developed byNinica Howard, MS, C PE,research ergonomist with theSH A RP program at the
Washington state Dept. of Labor and Industries.
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More resources
NIOSHs Ergonomic Interventions in the Building, Repair, and Dismantling of Ships
SH A RP Program
Easy Ergonomics . A practical approach for improving the workplace OR OSH A & CA LOSH A Services. www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/pubs/3347.pdf
On WMSD hazardous exposures visit the DOSH webpage at:www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/ T opics/Ergonomics
Example T emplate of an accident prevention program :www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/Basics/Programs/ A ccident
Ideas to reduce hazardous exposures can be found at the Ergonomics Ideas Bank
You may also write us at:ergonomics@LN I.W A .GOV
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T hank you
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