erasmus darwin 1731 - 1802. personal life 1731 - 1802 early life born in elston, england youngest...
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Erasmus Darwin1731 - 1802
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Personal Life 1731 - 1802 Early Life
Born in Elston, England Youngest of 7 Father - Lawyer
Married Twice 14 Children
2 were illegitimate children from an affair with his mistress
Grandfather of Charles Darwin
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Interests
Physician Poet Deist Inventor Anti-slavery Pro-democracy Pro-American/ French Revolutions Owned a botanical garden
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Education
Chesterfield Grammar School St. John’s College, Cambridge Edinburgh Medical School
Unknown if he earned a formal medical degree
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Career
Physician (50 years) Highly successful Attended to the wealthy Helped poor at no charge
Declined King George III’s invitation to become the Royal Physician
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Lunar Society (1765–1813) One of the founding members (1770) Prestigious society of prominent
industrialists, natural philosophers, and intellectuals
Met during full moons (most lighting) Driving force behind England’s
Industrial Revolution Darwin befriended many members
including Benjamin Franklin
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Lichfield Botanical Society
Translated works of Carl Linnaeus from Latin to English
Coined many of the English names used for plants
A System of Vegetables (1783) Categorized over 1400 plants
The Families of Plants (1787) “Stamen” and “Pistil”
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Stamen vs. Pistil
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The Botanic Garden
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The Botanic Garden
2 long poems (1791) The Economy of Vegetation The Love of Plants Came from his love of botany Best seller
Incredible reviews Made Darwin a very popular poet
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The Economy of Vegetation
“The Love of Plants” Scientific, social, and political progress All part of a single evolutionary process –
nature and society are one Humanity evolving towards perfection
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The Love of Plants
Descriptions of numerous species followed by extensive notes
Personified Plants Plants are living creatures, like humans
Plants have gender Evolutionary change and progress occur
through sexual reproduction “From the sexual generation of plants new
varieties are frequently obtained” This concept also applies to humans and animals
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Zoonomia
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Zoonomia (1794, 1796) – most important book 1st volume - The Laws of Organic Life Speculation on evolution
All species came from one living organism “… all warm-blooded animals have arisen
from one living filament, which the great First Cause endued with animality…”
3 main causes of change in organisms Lust, need for security, and hunger
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The Temple of Nature
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The Temple of Nature
Published posthumously (1803) Considered his best poetic work Theory of Evolution
Modern life came from simple microorganisms, not divine creation
His grandson Charles Darwin expanded upon this theory, plus natural selection
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Divine Creation?
Evolution.
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The Temple of Nature
Organic life beneath the shoreless wavesWas born and nurs'd in ocean's pearly caves;First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass,Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass;These, as successive generations bloom,New powers acquire and larger limbs assume;Whence countless groups of vegetation spring,And breathing realms of fin and feet and wing.
“
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Other Scientific Contributions
A carriage steering system A model of the atmosphere Speculated on the Big Bang Sketched a simple liquid-fuel rocket
engine Plants breath through tiny pores
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After Death/ Legacy
Foreshadowed the Theory of Evolution Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Charles Darwin
His ideas became “dangerous” The Life of Erasmus Darwin, Charles
Darwin’s attempt to restore his grandfather’s reputation
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Major Works Evolutionary Works
A System of Vegetables The Families of Plants The Botanic Garden
The Love of Plants The Economy of Vegetation
Zoonomia The Temple of Nature
Other Major Works A Plan for the Conduct of Female Education in
Boarding Schools The Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening.
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References http://www.strangescience.net/erasmus.htm http://www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk/darwine.htm http://www.enotes.com/nineteenth-century-criticism/
darwin-erasmus http://books.google.com/books?
id=sUcSAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=erasmus+darwin#PPA13,M1
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/library/speccoll/bomarch/bomjune04.html
http://www.planetfusion.co.uk/~pignut/Erasmus.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/Edarwin.html http://www.wikipedia.com