epica deep ice core, an archive for millennial climate change · 2011. 9. 28. · 8 4th malaysian...

EPICA deep ice core,an archive for millennial

climate changeHans Oerter

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Member of Helmholtz Association, Bremerhaven, Germany

[email protected]

http://www.awi.de/People/show?hoerter

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 31.

01.2

006

4th Malaysian Intern. Seminar on Antarctica, Legacy of IPY to the Tropics, Kuala Lumpur, 1.-3. April 2009

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


Introduction: EPICA

The past Glacial

The Holocene

Conclusions

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

8


Kohnen

Dome C

Vostok

Dome A

Dome F

Law Dome

Talos D.

Taylor D.

Siple D.

Byrd

Siple St.

Dyer Pl.B15 Berkner Is.

South Pole

layout: w. rack, h. oerter, AWI

JARE3029m, >700 ka

China, planned

I, F, D, UK

Weddell Sea

Ross Sea

Antarcticpeninsula EPICA-DML,

2774m, >250 ka

Deep ice-core drillings in Antarctica

Russia,F, US3700m, 420 ka

EPICA-DC,3270m, 790 ka


accumulation accumulation

Schematic cross section through an ice sheet

characteristic for

AntarcticaGreenland

gro

und

ing

line

equi

libri

um li

ne

ice

thic

knes

s

ice

thic

knes

sM

ean:

Mea

n:

iceberg calvingiceberg

calving

ablationice sheet/inland ice

rock

oceansubglacial melting

ice shelf

accumulationablation


The climatic record of the EDML ice core

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

6

Kohnen Station75°00‘09“S, 00°04‘06“E, 2892 m (WGS84)

Annual mean air temperature: -45 °C

Ice thickness: 2782 ±10m

Accumulation rate: 65 kg m-2a-1

Ice flow velocity: 0.756 m/a

Length of ice core: 2774.1 m

Drilling operation: 2001-2006


The climatic record

δ18O

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

8



Measurements of the stable isotope 18O given as δ-values in ‰ V-SMOW

EDML ice core dated down to 2416 m with EDML1 age scale: 150.1 ka

sample resolution: 0.5 mcorresponding to at 125 m: 6 aat 2400 m: 280 a

For the Holocene and other selected intervals also 5cm samples available

87% ice thickness

dat

a: E

PIC

A C

omm

unity

Mem

ber

s (2

006)

: O

ne-t

o-on

e co

uplin

g of

gla

cial

clim

ate

varia

bili

ty

in G

reen

land

and

Ant

arct

ica.

Nat

ure

444,

195

-198

. dat

a: d

oi:1

0.15

94/P

AN

GA

EA

. 552

270



Data of δ18O plotted against time; 0.5m samples (grey) and re-sampled on 100a intervals (red)

Raw data

dat

a: E

PIC

A C

omm

unity

Mem

ber

s (2

006)

: O

ne-t

o-on

e co

uplin

g of

gla

cial

clim

ate

varia

bili

ty

in G

reen

land

and

Ant

arct

ica.

Nat

ure

444,

195

-198

. dat

a: d

oi:1

0.15

94/P

AN

GA

EA

. 552

270

(AnaySeries2.0 software, Paillard et al., EOS Trans. AGU, 1996)



Data of δ18O corrected for sea level change in the past and re-samped on 100a intervals (blue)

Raw data

sea level correction

+

dat

a: E

PIC

A C

omm

unity

Mem

ber

s (2

006)

: O

ne-t

o-on

e co

uplin

g of

gla

cial

clim

ate

varia

bili

ty

in G

reen

land

and

Ant

arct

ica.

Nat

ure

444,

195

-198

. dat

a: d

oi:1

0.15

94/P

AN

GA

EA

. 552

270




Data of δ18O corrected for elevation differences between Kohnen and site of deposition (green)

Raw data


+

+upstream correction0.96‰/100m

dat

a: E

PIC

A C

omm

unity

Mem

ber

s (2

006)

: O

ne-t

o-on

e co

uplin

g of

gla

cial

clim

ate

varia

bili

ty

in G

reen

land

and

Ant

arct

ica.

Nat

ure

444,

195

-198

. dat

a: d

oi:1

0.15

94/P

AN

GA

EA

. 552

270




Data of δ18O corrected for elevation differences between Kohnen and site of deposition (green/pink)

Raw data


+


0.63‰/100mLGM MIS 4

MIS 5.5MIS 1 MIS 3 MIS 5

AIM 1

2

8 12 17

21 23

24

MIS 6

dat

a: E

PIC

A C

omm

unity

Mem

ber

s (2

006)

: O

ne-t

o-on

e co

uplin

g of

gla

cial

clim

ate

varia

bili

ty

in G

reen

land

and

Ant

arct

ica.

Nat

ure

444,

195

-198

. dat

a: d

oi:1

0.15

94/P

AN

GA

EA

. 552

270




Data of δ18O corrected for elevation differences between Kohnen and site of deposition (green/pink)

Raw data


+


0.63‰/100m

-43.90‰

-41.83‰

-40.74‰

3 ka ΔH = -330m2 ka ΔH = +100m

-50.64‰

Δδ= -0.33‰-52.17‰-52.50‰

Δδ=1.09‰1 δ-‰ change equals 1.2 °C change

dat

a: E

PIC

A C

omm

unity

Mem

ber

s (2

006)

: O

ne-t

o-on

e co

uplin

g of

gla

cial

clim

ate

varia

bili

ty

in G

reen

land

and

Ant

arct

ica.

Nat

ure

444,

195

-198

. dat

a: d

oi:1

0.15

94/P

AN

GA

EA

. 552

270




2 time slices for millenial variability

25-50 ka0-11.5ka

Hol

ocen

e


The past Glacial(25-50 kyears B.P.)

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

8


Comparison Antarctica (EDML) - Greenland (NGRIP)

Each Antarctic Isotope Maximum (AIM) in the EDML-ice core corresponds to a Dansgaard/Oeschger (DO) event in Greenland (NGRIP)

Warming in Antarctica starts in a cold phase (Stadial) of the North, Cooling in a warm phase (Interstadial)

AIM

DO

NGRIP members, Nature (2004)

NGRIP

EDML

Source: EPICA Community Members: Nature, 444, 195-198, (2006). data: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.552235

EDML: 1 δ-‰ change equals 1.2 °C change100a means



LGM MIS 4

MIS 5.5MIS 1 MIS 3 MIS 5

AIM 1

2

8 12 17

21 23

24

MIS 6

dat

a: E

PIC

A C

omm

unity

Mem

ber

s (2

006)

: O

ne-t

o-on

e co

uplin

g of

gla

cial

clim

ate

varia

bili

ty

in G

reen

land

and

Ant

arct

ica.

Nat

ure

444,

195

-198

. dat

a: d

oi:1

0.15

94/P

AN

GA

EA

. 552

270

The bi-polar seesaw

is also evident for MIS 5as shown byE. Capron et al. (subm.) by synchronizing EDML and NGRIP with CH4 & δ18Oatm for the period 80-123 ka BP.

The bi-polar seesawis also very likely for earlier Glacials (Jouzel et al., Science 2007)

E. Capron et al.: Synchronising EDML and NorthGRIP ice cores using δ18O of atmospheric oxygen (δ18Oatm) and CH4 measurements over MIS 5 (80-123 ka). submitted to Quaternary Science Reviews


CH4 concentrations at EDML

CH4 synchronous with DO events in Greeland

CH4 signal of the Northern Hemisphere

CH4 variations synchronous on global scale:tool to synchronize ice cores

Source: EPICA Community Members: Nature, 444, 195-198, (2006).data: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.552235 & doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.552232


The Holocene

The δ18O record

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

8


EPICA EDML core

The Holocene

EPICA Community Members (2006): One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica. Nature 444, 195-198 (data: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.552270)


EPICA EDC core

EPICA EDML core

The Holocene


Orbital and Millenial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years (2007). Science 317, 793-796 (data: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/icecore/antarctica/domec/domec_epica_data.html)


The Holocene

B32:150m deep ice core, 1.6 km west of EDML, drilled in Dec 1997.

EPICA EDC core

EPICA EDML core


Orbital and Millenial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years (2007). Science 317, 793-796 (data: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/icecore/antarctica/domec/domec_epica_data.html)

Graf, W. et al. (2002). Stable-isotope records from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Annals of Glaciology, 35, 195-201(data: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.104881)

1 δ-

‰ c

hang

e eq

uals

1.

2 °C

cha

nge


The Holocene

The CO2 record

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

8


Etheridge, D.M., et al. (2001): Law Dome Atmospheric CO2 Data, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology. Data Contribution Series #2001-083. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.

Keeling, C.D., T.P. Whorf, and the Carbon Dioxide Research Group (2005): Atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ppmv) derived from in situ air samples collected at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California La Jolla, California USA

Siegenthaler, U., et al. (2005). Supporting evidence from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core for atmospheric CO2 changes during the past millenium, Tellus, 57B, 51-57. (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.472477)

CO2 record during the past millenium

Time with in-situ air samples

The EDML CO2 record is a strong support of the Law Dome record from the Antarctic plateau

B32


Conclusions

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

8

Upstream corrections needed

Antarctic Isotope Maxima (AIMs) are counterparts to DO events in Greenland

CH4 synchronous with DO events

Holocene incl. past Millenium little δ18O variations

The EDML CO2 record is a strong support of the Law Dome record from the Antarctic plateau


Thanks for your attention

foto

: han

s oe

rter

, 200

8


Antarctic ice core records: Vostok and EPICA CO2, CH

4 and D

Petit et al., 1999 (Vostok), Siegenthaler et al., 2005 (Dome C - CO2),

Spahni et al., 2005 (Dome C - CH4), EPICA community members, 2004 ( D)

180

210

240

270

300C

O2 (

ppm

v)

-450

-420

-390

Cold

Warm

D ice (

‰)

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800Age / kyr BP

CH

4 (

ppbv)

EPICA Dome C data

Vostok (black) and Dome C (blue) data

Vostok (black) and Dome C (blue) data

EPICA data are plotted on EDC2, Vostok data on GT4 timescale

100 300 500 700

present

before 1850 AD

present 375

epica deep ice core, an archive for millennial climate change · 2011. 9. 28. · 8 4th malaysian...

Documents