epa’s locomotive and marine diesel proposal
DESCRIPTION
EPA’s Locomotive and Marine Diesel Proposal. March 27, 2007. Overview. Locomotives, Marine Diesels, and Air Quality Locomotives What the rule covers Background on locomotives and railroads Marine Diesels What the rule covers Background on marine diesels What We’re Proposing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EPA’s Locomotive and Marine Diesel Proposal
March 27, 2007
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Overview• Locomotives, Marine Diesels, and Air Quality
• Locomotives– What the rule covers– Background on locomotives and railroads
• Marine Diesels– What the rule covers– Background on marine diesels
• What We’re Proposing
• Benefits and Costs
• The Process for Completion
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Reconciling Diesels with the Environment: EPA’s National Clean Diesel Campaign
Nonroad Dieselsales over 650,000 / yr12B gallons / yrfinal rule 2004fully phased in 2015
Tier 2 Light-Dutyfinal rule 1999fully phased in 2009Diesels held to same stringent standards as gasoline vehicles
Heavy-Duty Highwaysales 800,000 / yr40B gallons / yrfinal rule 2000fully phased in 2010
Locomotive/Marinesales 40,000 (1,000 locomotives) / yr6B gallons / yrproposal 2007fully phased in 2017
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Diesel PM2.5
Total=78,000 tons/yr(diesel-fueled engines)
Mobile Source NOxTotal=4,500,000 tons/yr
The Last Big Mobile Source:1/3 of NOx and
2/3 of diesel PM in 2030
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Trucks 1991
Trucks 1991
1998199820042004
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NOx (g/hp-hr)
PM
(g/h
p-h
r)
Current Locomotive/Marine Diesel Standards Are Comparable to Early 1990’s
Diesel Truck Standards
New locomotives todayNew locomotives today
New marine diesels today
Trucks 2010; nonroad machines 2014
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What the Rule Covers-- Locomotives
Switch
Line-Haul
Passenger
Sales ~700-1200 / yearTypically rebuilt every 5-7 years
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GE
EMD
EMD 710 series2-stroke Tier 2
GE Evolution series4-stroke Tier 2
North American Locomotive Market:2 Major Builders (GE & EMD)8 Major Customers (Class 1 railroads + Amtrak)
• BNSF, • Union Pacific, • CSX, • KC Southern, • Norfolk Southern, • Canadian Pacific,• Canadian National
Class 1 line-haul
Class 2&3
Passenger
Switcher
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What the Rule Covers--
Marine Diesels
Category 1 Commercial (<5 liter/cylinder)~15,000/year (about half are aux engines)
Recreational~15,000/year
Category 2 (5 to 30 liter/cyl) <300/year
<75 hp<10,000/year
gen sets sailboats
cruisers
yachts
auxiliary power for ocean-going vessels
workboats fishing vesselspolice boats
ferries
tugboats
Great Lakes freighters
Covered in separate initiative ocean-going ships
Category 3(>30 liter/cyl)
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Marine Diesel Engines
Category 1 Commercial
Recreational
Category 2<37 kW
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Marine Diesel Emissions– Not Just a Coastal ConcernU.S. Waterways (from American Waterways Operators, Inc., 1981)
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Technical Challenges to Applying Tier 4 Technologies to Smaller Vessels
• Engine compartments wrap around the engine• Limited space for additional technology• Bigger issue for recreational and small commercial
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Proposed Locomotive Standards
locomotive
groups date
PM NOx
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
Remanufactured Locomotive Standards
Remanufactured
Tier 0 & 1
2008 as available
2010 required0.22 ~60% 7.4 - 8.0 ~20%
Remanufactured
Tier 2
2008 as available
2013 required0.10 50% 5.5 --
Newly-built Locomotive Standards
New Interim
(Tier 3) Standards2012 0.10 50% 5.5 --
New Long-Term
(Tier 4) Standards
PM 2015
NOx 20170.03 ~90% 1.3 80%
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Proposed Marine Diesel Standards
date
PM NOx
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
New Interim (Tier 3)2009-2014
varies by
engine size~50%
varies by
engine size~20%
New Long-Term (Tier 4)
Commercial >600kW2014-2017
0.03 ~90% 1.3 ~80%
Existing Marine Engines(requesting comment on
remanufacturing stds)
200820-60%
reduction
0-20%
reduction
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0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Base 50-State
Control 50-State
Nationwide PM Reductions From the Proposal
PM
with current standards
with proposed standards
Calendar Year
Pa
rtic
ula
te M
atte
r (a
nnu
al t
ons)
15
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Base 50-State
Control 50-State
NOx
Nationwide NOx Reductions From the Proposal
with current standards
with proposed standards
Calendar Year
NO
x (a
nnu
al to
ns)
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Proposal Annual Costs and Benefits in 2030
PM NOx
Cost $159M $446M
Inventory reduction, tons 28,000 765,000
Cost per ton $5560 $580
Unit cost as % of typical new locomotive price
(similar for marine; varies vessel to vessel)3%
Monetized benefits $12B
Benefit to cost ratio 20:1
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The Process Toward Completion
• Proposal signed by Administrator Johnson March 1
• Comment period open for 90 days after publication (~July 1st)
• Hearings in Seattle May 8 and Chicago May 10
• Targeting final rule before the end of the year