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Page 1: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

전기퍼텐셜과 퍼텐셜에너지

Page 2: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

電位= (정)전기퍼텐셜; electrical potential

1

2

Page 3: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

정전기력: 보존력 정전기적 퍼텐셜에너지

Electric potential (전위) V : 단위 양전하 당 전기퍼텐셜에너지

0qq

전위차 (전압)

( )f

f ii

W F ds U U U

unit positive charge = +1 C

Page 4: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

대전된 모든 입자들이 무한히 멀리 떨어져 있는 경우를“대전된 입자계의 기준 상태”(=퍼텐셜에너지가 0인 상태)로 잡자.

-- set Ui = 0 at infinity as our reference potential energy

Here W∞ is the work done by the electric field on a charged particle as that particle moves in from infinity to point f.

Unit for the electric field, E :

Energy unit

Page 5: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

U

W

모든 입자들이 서로 무한히 멀리 떨어져 있을 때의 퍼텐셜에너지= 0

Wq

0qq

p.791

대전된 모든 입자들이 무한히 멀리 떨어져 있는 경우를“대전된 입자계의 기준 상태”(=퍼텐셜에너지가 0인 상태)로 잡자.

Page 6: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

공간의 전기적특성을 나타냄

전기 퍼텐셜≡전위(電位)

0

0 00

( )( ) ( ) () q

q

U rU r q V r V r

q

⋅⋅

퍼텐셜에너지

Page 7: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

p.78124.4 Equipotential Surfaces:

전기장 등전위면

Page 8: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

f

iif

if

f

i

sdEVV

VVqsdEqW

sdEqsdFdW

)( 00

0

퍼텐셜의 “기준점”

p.796 전기장에서 퍼텐셜 찾아내기

for infinitesimal disp lacemen t dV E dr dr

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Department of Physics

보기문제 24-2(b) p.798

(cos 45 )

(cos 45 )

(cos 45 )cos 45

f fc

f ii i cf f

c cf

c

V V E ds E ds E ds

E ds E ds

E

d

s

dE

E

d

양(+)의 시험전하를 i에서 f로 이동시킴으로써계산하기

f iV V

참고: 보기문제 24-2 (a)

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Department of Physics

(24-6절)

: ) ?0 (V rq 질문 인경우의

p.798

1. 점전하 q가 만드는 전기 퍼텐셜

.q r R P r 0시험전하 를 인 점 에서 위치로 옮기는 경우를 생각하자

전하분포와 전기퍼텐셜

14

⋅ cos0

⇒ 0 41

41 1

4

14

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Department of Physics

0q

1q2q

30 1 0 2 1 2

0 0 01 02 12

1 14 4

i j

i j ij

q q q q q q q qUr r r r

0q1q

2qx

14

Page 12: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

p.801 보기문제

C 점에서의 전기퍼텐셜과 전기장은 ?

p.801

Page 13: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

(24-8절)

0

14

dqdV

rpe=

p.802

>> r d

전위를 직접 계산하기

Page 14: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

연속 전하 분포에 의한 전위

dxdqrdqdV ;

41

0

2 2 1/20 0

14 ( )

L

V dV dxx d

(24-9절)p.803

2

2 2

tan sec ; ;1 tan s ec

x d dx d d

2 20

0

2 2

0

2 2

0

[ln( )]4

[ln( ) ln ]4

ln[ ]4

Lx x d

L L d d

L L dd

숙제

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Department of Physics

Ring of Charge

2 2 1/ 20

2 2 1/ 20

14 ( )1

4 ( )

dsdVz RqV

z R

Disk of Charge

2 2 1/20 0

22 2 1/2

' 02 2 1/20 00

2 2

0

1 2 ' '4 ( ' )

( ' ) 2( ' ) |4 ( ' ) 4

( )2

R

RRR

R dRdVz R

d R z Rz R

V z R z

(2 ')( ')dq R dR

p.805

/ (2 )q R

각자 노트에 직접해 보기!!

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Department of Physics

전기퍼텐셜에서 전기장 찾아내기 P. 805

0

0 0 cos

dW q dV

q E ds q E ds

or cos sdVds

dVEds

E

( , , ) , , x y zV V VV V x y z E E Ex y z

고전위

저전위

Page 17: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

P. 807 보기문제

Disk of Charge

2 2 1/20

2 2

0

1 2 ' '4 ( ' )

( )2

R dRdVz R

V z R z

2 201

2zV zEz z R

? ?x yV VE Ex y

전기퍼텐셜에서 전기장 찾아내기

Page 18: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

2

For , 01For ,

4 o

r R Eqr R Er

R qElectric Field and Electric Potential for a conducti ( of radius and charge Spherical Shen lg l 도체 공껍질;구각)

1For , 4

1For , 4

o

o

qr R VRqr R Vr

R

the the electric field and electric potential

are identical to that of a equal to net conduct

Outside spherical conductor

at the center of the sphereor c

,

point charge .

the and placedarg

h e

Note :

Page 19: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

conductor

path

A

B

0E

All the points on a conductor have the same potential.

'' '' (either on the surface or inside)

Potential of an isolated conductor:

Consider two points A and B on or inside a conductor.

B

B AA

V V E ds

"A conductor is an equipotential surface."

(

,

)등퍼텐셜면 등전위면

P 810

"the electrostatic field inside a condWe know uctor t is zero."hat E

The integral and for any two points on or inside

the conductor.

=0B

B AA

E d s V V

Page 20: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

"Surface of a conductor is an ." equipotential surfaceelectric field "equipotential l su rfain cees " " s".

All the charges of the conductor reside on the surface

and arrange themselves so that , 0in outo

E E

Isolated conductor in an external electric field

Page 21: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

축전기와 전기용량

Page 22: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

축전기; capacitor; condenser

가장 단순한 소자 요소

p.826

However, we refer to the charge of a capacitor as being q, the absolute value of these charges on the plates.

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Department of Physics

V

q

O

q = CV

Page 24: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

n

p.827

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Department of Physics

[pF/m] 85.8][F/m 1085.8

]m/N[C 1085.812

22120

Page 26: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

2. 원통형 축전기

S n

Page 27: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

3. 구형(spherical) 축전기

Sn

Page 28: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

iC C병 렬 등 가

Page 29: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of PhysicsiC C

직렬등가

Page 30: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

보기문제, P. 836 축전기로 다른 축전기 충전하기

0 0 11

2 1 2

1 2

11 1

q q CqC C CC C

Page 31: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

전기장에 저장된 에너지:축전기 “충전”: “에너지 저장하기”

p.837

---

--

+++++

dq'

q'-q'

V'

q'q

V' V

Charge

VoltageO

A

B

Page 32: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

보기문제, p. 839

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Department of Physics

보기문제, P. 839

대전된 고립 도체 공

04C R2 2

0

2 8q qUC R

(a) 도체공에 저장된 정전기적인 퍼텐셜에너지

(b) 도체공 표면 에너지 밀도

20

14

qER

표면 전기장

22

0 2 40

1 1 2 32

qu ER

qR

4

Page 34: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

25-6,7,8절

Page 35: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

p. 826

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Department of Physics

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Department of Physics

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Department of Physics

Page 39: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

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Department of Physics

p. 843

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Department of Physics

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Department of Physics

Page 43: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

Dielectric and Gauss’ Law

Page 44: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

2 22

00 0

0 00 0

1 2 2 2(

')

Q QQU UC

UC

UC k k

= = = <=

Page 45: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

2 220 0 0 0

0 0 0( )

2 2'

2UC V C VC U UVU k

k= = >= =

Page 46: 전기퍼텐셜과퍼텐셜에너지 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/Pusan/leegyeongsu/3.pdf · 2016-09-09 · 1. 점전하q가만드는전기퍼텐셜 시험전하 를

Department of Physics

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Department of Physics

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