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MGT 682 Environmental Management
Environmental Management Measures Design for Reducing Vehicular Air
Pollution in Dhaka City
INTRODUCTION
According to The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates urban outdoor air pollution is causing 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year
Air pollution is one of the major reasons for Dhaka to be ranked as second worst city in the world
The lives of the city dwellers have been hampered due to air contamination, particularly vehicular air pollution and dust pollution
INTRODUCTION
A recent study by BBS on ‘Risk assessment of particulatematter and other causes of air pollution’ found thatpollution is causing
74,000 cases of chronic bronchitis, about 70 million cases of restricted activity days
about 14,000 cases of respiratory diseases
over 286,000 emergency room visits
about 2.8 million cases of asthma attacks and over 220 million respiratory symptom days each year in the capital alone
pollution entails economic losses to 3-4 per cent of the country's national GDP
Major Pollutants and Health Effects
Pollutants Health Effects
Particulate matter
Cardiopulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, lung cancer
NO2 Respiratory illness & lung tissue damage
COCardiovascular and coronary problems, increase risk of stroke and impair learning ability, dexterity and sleep
SO2Asthma and chronic bronchitis
OzoneInterferes with respiratory functions reduced lung capacity
ANNUAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TRENDParticulate Matters
Figure 1 Annual Average Ambient PM10 levels inDhaka and Chittagong in 2002-2007 (μg/m3)
Figure 2 Annual Average Ambient PM2.5 levels in Dhaka
and Chittagong in 2002-2007 (μg/m3)
ANNUAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TRENDNO2 & SO2
Figure 3: Seasonal Variations in NO2 concentrations in Dhaka (PPB)
Figure 4: Monthly SO2 concentrations in Dhaka (PPB)
VEHICULAR A IR POLLUTION IN DHAKA C ITY
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Years
NUMBER OF YEARWISE REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES IN DHAKA
Motor Car Motorcycle Bus Minibus Truck
VEHICULAR A IR POLLUTION IN DHAKA C ITY
PROBLEMS
Lack of public transport
Traffic congestion
CNG price hike
High bus fareVehicular emission
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT MEASURES
• Facilitating Public Transport
Reducing total transport demand
• Increasing demand for fuel efficient car
• Vehicle emission control
• Promotion of cleaner alternative fuel
Reducing emission
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES
FACILITATING PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Reg
ula
tory
- Restriction on registration of new motorcycles.
- Establishing laws which will prohibit use of more than one car per family.
Eco
no
mic
Suas
ive
- Parking fees for motorcycle- Higher taxes on private cars-Congestion charges- Higher price for gasoline- Lower CNG price for public transports- Reduce the operational costs of CNG run public transports
-Public awarenesscreation
-Education in schools and universities for use of public transport
- Car Sharing
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES
INCREASE DEMAND FOR FUEL EFFICIENT CARS
Regulatory
• Restriction on importing environment damaging vehicles.
Economic
• Incentive to sellers by charging lower import duties
• Incentive to buyers by charging lower tax rate & minimum registration fees
Suasive
• Make people aware of the benefits of using a fuel efficient car (i.e., greener, cheaper, low repair cost etc.)
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES
VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL
• Tightening the emission standards
• Banning old vehicles from streets
• Strict schedule for inspection and maintenance
• Restriction on importing and distributing high sulfur diesel
Regulatory
• High import duty on diesel vehicles
• Higher taxes on low quality and old vehicles
• Grant subsidy for installing emission control devices
• Subsidy to facilitate phasing out low quality and old vehicles
Economic
• Encourage drivers to turn off their engine while they stuck in trafficSuasive
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES
PROMOTION OF LPG GAS
CONCLUSION
Urban PlanningAlternative form
of Transport
Investment on Automotive
Industry
Participation of all Stakeholders
THANK YOU!