environmental management and water resource protection … - weidong - cnpc-en.pdf · environmental...

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Environmental Management and Water

Resource Protection in the Process of Shale Gas

Exploration & Production

Sep. 2012

Mr. Du Weidong, Deputy Chief Engineer

CNPC HSE Research Institute

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Contents

Environmental protection laws, regulations, and polices of China

Environmental Problems and Challenges in Shale gas exploration&production

Environmental risk & management technology in Shale gas exploration&production

Water resource protection and management technology in Shale gas exploration&production

Outlook & Recommendations

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Laws and regulations related to Shale gas exploration&production

Environmental protection laws, regulations, and polices in China

Pollution prevention and Environmental protection

8 National laws:

Environmental protection

Water pollution prevention

Solid waste pollution prevention

Cleaner production promotion

Environmental impact

Prevention & control of environmental noise pollution

Water & soil conservation

Over 30 Regulations:

Management program of environmental protection for construction project

Regulations on ocean dumping wastes control

Implementing rules of the water pollution prevention law

Ordinance of environmental management for construction project

Record management approach of local environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge standards

Interim audit measures to the Clean Production

Administrative penalties of environmental protection

Environmental management approach of new chemicals

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Water Resources Protection

Many laws and regulations are enacted by Chinese government in the area of water

resources, so as to provide a guarantee for improving the utilization of water and for

rational use of water resources.

Water Law of the People's Republic of China(2002 Revision)

Energy Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China (2007 Revision)

The regulations of pollution prevention in drinking water source protection zones


Laws and regulations related to Shale gas exploration&production

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China is making every effort to complete and implement a specified multi-layer energy-saving and environmental-friendly legal system for the energy industry, which will be led by Energy Act, governed by the concepts of sustainable development, represented by the Energy Conservation Law, the Cleaner production Promotion Law, the Circular Economy Promotion Law and the Renewable Energy Law, supported by administrative laws and regulations, department rules and other laws.

Continuous Improvement of China’s Legal System on Energy-Saving

and Environmental Protection

《Energy Conservation Law

》《C

leaner Production Promotion Law

》

《Renew

able Energy Law

》

《Department rules》《Standards》

《 Administrative laws and regulations 》

《Environmental Protection Law

s

》

《Circular Econom

y Promotion Law

of the PRC

》

Governing principle: concepts of sustainable development

《 Energy Act 》

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Actively promote structural adjustment and vigorously weed out obsolete techniques;

In order to change the energy structure that heavy dependence on coal, low-carbon clean

energy development is encouraged, such as natural gas, shale gas, coalbed gas, renewable

energy, biomass fuel etc.;

Quality is being continuously upgraded and updated; refined oil products should follow IV

standards nationwide;

Set clear requirements for construction projects, energy conservation and emissions reductions;

strictly implement the policies for access.

In Terms of Industrial Policy:

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Shale gas mining should follow the requirements of National environmental protection polices

Meet the “Shale gas 12th five-year plan” environmental protection requirements Adhere to both development and ecological protection, strict implementation of drilling and

completion operating procedures to ensure the casing and cementing quality, achieving safe

operation.

To form shale gas technical standards and specifications in China, which include survey and

evaluation, resource reserves, environmental protection and other areas.

Meet the policy requirements of Chinese energy saving and emissions reduction,

and environmental protection planning

The “12th five-year plan of environmental protection”: Strengthen Eco-Environmental Security,

continue to increase efforts on energy conservation, to keep the total amount of major pollutants

(COD, Ammonia, SO2, NOX) continued decline.

The national plan on groundwater pollution control: Strengthen the law enforcement for

groundwater resources protection.


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Contents

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Shale gas resource evaluation in China

2.1 Overview of shale gas development

Paleozoic shale gas in southern China (12 TCM)

Lower Paleozoic shale gas in North China (4 TCM)

Cambrian-Ordovician shale gas in Tarim Basin (5 TCM)

Based on analogy method, shale

gas resource is estimated around

30 TCF, and mainly in marine

sedimentation.

Three regions of marine shale gas

resource are about 21 TCM:

The three giant marine shale gas regions distribution

RIPED,2011

southern China

North China Tarim Basin

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Ministries of the nation: major projects in shale gas development, the Sino-US joint

evaluation of shale gas resources, national shale gas resource strategic areas search

PetroChina: Breakthrough in Paleozoic marine shale

4 successful wells: Wei 201, Nanjing 201, 203 Ning, Zhao 104

Shallow well (810m) with 2-3m3/t gas in southeast of Chongqing

Disposing three horizontal wells, with one already completed, 2 wells in Weiyuan, 1 well in

Changning

Sinopec: Breakthrough in Mesozoic continental shale

Yuanba: Yuanba 9 (J3z)

Jiannan: Building 111 (J3z)

Upper Yangtze region is the pilot test area and breakthrough point of China’s

shale gas

RIPED,2011


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Up to now, totally 16 fractured vertical wells have been completed, among

which 11 wells have been tested with 6 wells production above 10 thousand

cubic meters, proving commercial possibility of shale gas in China .


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Spanned development of shale gas exploration in China is in great demand of water resource

China shale gas development plan (2011 ~ 2015) ：there will be 19 shale gas exploration regions , shale gas production will reach to 6.5 billion m3 by the end of 2015, and will be 60-100 billion m3 in 2020. The shale gas exploration will meet a leap-forward development.

Shale gas hydro-fracturing technology consumes 20 thousand m3 water per well, too great a consumption of water resource. At the end of the twelfth five-year plan, the water consumption will reach to 19-24 million cubic/year.

China shale gas resources distribute in the central and western mountainous terrains, water shortage is a big problem in those areas.

Therefore shale gas exploration appears contrary to water resources, the shale gas exploration faces a great environmental pressure.

产量柱状图

单位：亿方

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100

200

300

400

500

600

700

十一五十二五十三五

water consumption 19～24 million

m3/year

Key water shortage areas in China

Sichuan

China shale gas development plan

2.2 Environmental Problems and Challenges in Shale gas exploration & production

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The existing area of shale gas exploitation & demonstrations are sensitive to environment, the protection of the Ecosystem demands stringent specification.

China shale gas mostly concentrates in the Middle West

mountain areas, such as Changning-Weiyuan, Peiling

locate in environmentally sensitive farm areas with a

dense population, the environmental capacity is limited.

The abundant fracturing flow-back fluid and drilling

waste will pollute surrounding areas without effective

treatment, lead groundwater pollution by strong hydro-

fracture , and geological disasters.

Therefore, shale gas exploration faces tremendous

pressure of environmental protection. Shale gas exploitation site in Weiyuan


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Shale gas exploration generates amounts of waste water and drilling waste, it is difficult for waste treatment and recycling

Produce about 10000 m3 flowback fluid per well normally within the measure of 15-30 days. This fluid with hardness ions, high Chloride contents, polymers, heavy metals and radioactive elements carried from the stratum, results harmful effects.

Oil-base drilling fluid is widely used, the resulting wastes contain oil-bearing drill cuttings exist high toxicity, so far the resource utilization and harmless treatment of this waste is then undeveloped, easily cause a serious environmental pollution.

As a result, Resource utilization and Harmless treatment for those drilling wastes need to be addressed in shale gas exploration process.

Work site - Weiyuan


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Shale gas exploration might cause the groundwater pollution and geological disasters, we need to raise the level of environmental risk assessment and monitoring management.

A majority of exploration fields distribute in the hilly lands that have complex geological conditions in China, the exploration may accordingly cause surface subsidence, and create landslides. Meanwhile, the earthquake induced by exploration can also lead to a slope instability resulting landslides. China shale gas resource mostly distribute in the southern hilly mountain with complex geological conditions, the risk factor of geological disaster is higher than the United States.

Geological disaster and groundwater (deep, shallow) pollution risks of hydro-fracture can not be effectively evaluated at present. Monitoring, pre-warning and repair technology to the groundwater and soil pollution are still in wanted, it is still lack of a comprehensive Resources Environment evaluation and coping strategies to support the sustainable development of shale exploration.

For this reason, the technical bottleneck of environmental risk monitoring and environmental management solutions must be solved in the shale gas exploration.


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Contents

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Main environmental risks and technical requirements:

Standard-reaching treatment of fracturing flow-back fluid

Beneficial & harmless waste treatment in Oil-base drilling

Recycling of evolved and relief gas

Pollution monitoring, forewarning, preventing, and controlling for groundwater

Risk assessment and monitoring for geological disaster

Soil pollution repair and well site reclamation

Environmental risk & management technology in shale gas exploration&production

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Standard-reaching treatment of fracturing flowback fluid

Reinjection treatment technology of fracturing flowback fluid

Fast elimination of suspended matter, disinfection

Integrating treatment technology for standard reaching discharge of

fracturing flowback fluid

Fast hardening elimination, efficient elimination for organic compounds,

appropriate desalination

Develop portable integrated treatment equipments

Establish a characteristic & composition database for fracturing

flowback fluid

Main environmental management and repair technology:

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Source control technology and waste pollution characteristic for drilling and

well completion process

Environmental friendly assessment for drilling and well completion fluid system,

develop environmental friendly treating agent, environmental friendly modification for

drilling and well completion fluid system

Beneficial technology research for the waste of Oil-base drilling

Recycle oil-bearing drill cuttings and oil-bearing spent mud with jet injection

technology, create the condition to achieve Beneficial & harmless waste treatment.


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Harmless treatment technology research for the solid waste of drilling and well

completion

Use Microbial technology to realize the degradation treatment for oil recovery solid

residues and Synthetic-based waste drilling mud, to achieve harmless treatment of

solid waste in the drilling and well completion process.

Fast while drilling treatment technology research for drilling wastewater

For drilling wastewater, conduct the high performance coagulating, chemical

oxidation treatment, and through advanced desalination treatment, reach the

discharge requirements.


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Environmental risk assessment technology for the groundwater in shale

gas mining

Risk characteristics of groundwater environment in shale gas mining,

construction of Appraisal Index System, develop risk assessment model,

form guidelines for the environmental risk assessment of groundwater in

shale gas exploration.

Stratified monitoring technology for the groundwater in shale gas

exploration

Correlation between groundwater pollution and monitoring index, layout

scheme of monitoring points, and stratified monitoring technology.


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Integrated equipments of groundwater on-line monitoring

Determine the equipment technical parameters, and develop the relevant

monitoring equipments.

Pollution prevention and forewarning technology for the groundwater in

shale gas exploration

Based on forewarning index and thresholds, construct the forewarning model,

develop the relevant software system, propose measures for the pollution control

and prevention.


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Recycling of evolved and relief gas

Summarize the air discharged characteristics for evolved and relief gas

Master the process gas emission characteristics, establish models and

methods.

Recycling techniques and equipments of evolved and relief gas

Form the carbon emission assessment method in shale gas mining process

based on EIO-LCA model, establish Environmental Economic Analysis models

and methods to recycling of evolved and relief gas, develop the relevant

recycling techniques and equipments.

Monitoring technology for the evolved and relief gas

Construct integration of three dimensions’ monitoring system, coordinated

develop corresponding monitoring technologies and equipments.


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Risk assessment and monitoring for geological disaster

Induced earthquake and landslide risk assessment technology

Induced geological hazard chain risk assessment technology in shale gas exploration

Response (coping strategies)to induced geological hazard in shale gas exploration

Soil pollution repair and well site reclamation

Analysis methods for status of soil pollution and pollution characteristics

Ecological effect and remediation threshold of typical soil pollutants

Remediation technology for contaminated soils

Restoration technology for temporary land-use


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Contents

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Waste water treatment and recycling technology

Treatment of fracturing flowback fluid, and recycling technology for fracturing

water distribution

Use the methods of de-hardening treatment, eliminating some organic

compounds, disinfection, and deoxidizing treatment, to fracturing flowback

fluid, in order to fulfill the requirements of fracturing water distribution, and form

unitized treatment equipments.

Recycle technology for discharged water in gas well

Water resource protection and management technology in shale gas exploration&production

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Waste water treatment and recycling technology

Moderate desalting treatment to discharged water during gas generation process,

use the treated water for well site production and greening water.

Recycle technology for drilling waste water.

Effectively coagulate the drilling wastewater, implement chemical oxidation

treatment, for reaching the water reuse standard, moreover, reaching the

discharge requirements through advanced desalting treatment.


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Comprehensive utilization technology for water resource

Water distribution technology for deep saline water recycle

Adopt deep saline water to distribute during fracturing process, reduce the

consumption of available surface and shallow groundwater.

Management technology for water resource

Assessment technology for water resource and water environment carrying

capacity

Rational use of surface water, the protection and management of groundwater

Policy and management system of sustainable development in shale gas

exploration


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Strengthen environmental management

Actively implement CNPC's Security Development Plan, Environmental Protection Plan, Energy and Water Conservation Plan, and Green Development Action Plan, in order to promote the safety, cleaning and conservation development.

Strengthen R&D

Promote Environmental protection science research which belongs to Key Program for Shale gas Science and Technology Development of China.

Focused on the pressing concerns: Treatment of fracturing flowback fluid during shale gas exploration, harmless treatment for drilling solid waste, environmental risk monitoring for groundwater, it demands to launch mechanism research, such as formation characteristic of pollutants, environmental pollution patterns; develop serial technologies and equipments for fracturing flowback fluid and drilling waste treatment, recycle the evolved & relief gas; establish risk monitoring and pre-warning system integrated with groundwater pollution, geological disaster; form green technical specifications for shale gas exploration; cultivate a professional engineering service crew to support the environmental management and water resource protection.


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Strengthen R&D

Develop cleaner production technology

Energy efficiency hydro-fracturing technology

Foam fracturing technology

Efficient recycling technology for Fracturing fluids and Drill-in fluids

System optimization technology

Develop efficiency pollution controlling technology

Promote the efficiency of unique technology for flowback fracturing fluids and Drilling fluids

Proceed the Structure optimization and process integration to bring the intensified, mini,

and movable treatment equipments

Develop environmental risk monitoring technology

Pollution monitoring technology for underground water

Risk assessment and pre-warning for geological disasters


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Strengthen engineering demonstration

Promote supporting technology research, development and utilization, and achieve the core technology of shale gas exploration and development in Chinese characteristics (green, environmental protection)

To structure environmental friendly surface engineering system adapted to the Chinese shale gas characteristics

Take the Sichuan Changning-Weiyuan as the shale gas exploration demonstration area, to move the environmental management and water resources protection system of

shale gas exploration forward, promote greening sustainable development.

Strengthen international communication and cooperation Actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation, learn successful experience

from North America, consider advanced technology applications.

Develop a wide range of international communication in the field of environmental protection technology of shale gas exploration.


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