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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh i

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR

PROPOSED AUGMENTATION IN LPG BULK STORAGE CAPACITY AT LPG BOTTLING PLANT AT MEHATPUR, UNA, HIMACHAL PRADESH

SUBMITTED TO

M/s INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

PREPARED BY

M/s. ULTRA-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY AND CONSULTANCY

(GazzetedByMoEF) Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway,

Opp Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061 Tel: 022 2534 2776, Fax: 022 25429650, Email: [email protected]

Website: www.ultratech.in

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 6

1.1 Introduction of Project and Project Proponent ................................................................. 6 1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project ......................................... 7 1.3 Scope of the Study............................................................................................................ 9 1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations ........................................................................... 9 1.5 Objective and Scope of EIA Study ................................................................................ 10 1.6 Structure of EIA Report ................................................................................................. 10

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION ................................................................................ 12 2.1 Type of project ............................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Need and Justification of the Project .............................................................................. 12 2.3 Location & Layout ......................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Salient Features of the Project ........................................................................................ 18

2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation ........................................... 19 2.4.2 Land use .................................................................................................................. 19

2.5 Process Description ........................................................................................................ 19 2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage ........................................................................................ 19 2.5.2 Unloading ................................................................................................................ 19 2.5.3 LPG Pump House ................................................................................................... 19 2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air Drying Unit ..................................................................... 19 2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities ........................................................ 20

2.6 Process Flow Chart......................................................................................................... 21 2.7 Infrastructure at the Facility ........................................................................................... 22

2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets ............................................................................. 22 2.7.2 Parking Lot.............................................................................................................. 23

2.8 Fire Prevention System .................................................................................................. 23 2.9 Plant and Equipment Details .......................................................................................... 25 2.10 Power Requirement ........................................................................................................ 27 2.11 Manpower Requirement ................................................................................................. 27 2.12 Water and Wastewater Management .............................................................................. 28 2.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System ................................................................ 28

CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 29 3.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 29 3.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 29 3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting .............................................................. 29

3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area ................................................................ 29 3.3.2 Drainage Pattern ...................................................................................................... 32 3.3.3 Contour Pattern of the Study Area .......................................................................... 32

3.4 Meteorological Data ....................................................................................................... 34 3.5 Ambient Air Quality ....................................................................................................... 36

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ...................................................................... 37 3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ..................................................................... 38

3.6 Noise............................................................................................................................... 39 3.6.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 39

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iii

3.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 39 3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured .................................................. 40 3.6.4 Noise Results .......................................................................................................... 41

3.7 Water Environment ........................................................................................................ 42 3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology ....................................................................................... 42 3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ............................................................................ 42 3.7.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 43 3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality ......................................................................... 43

3.8 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 44 3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ............................................................................. 44 3.8.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 45 3.8.3 Soil Results ............................................................................................................. 45

3.9 Biological Environment ...................................................................................................... 47 3.9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 47 3.9.2 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area: ............................................................. 48 3.9.3 Existing status of Fauna in the area: ....................................................................... 49

3.10 Socio-Economic Environment ....................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................................................ 56

4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 56 4.2 Impact Assessment ......................................................................................................... 56

4.2.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 56 4.2.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 57

4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................... 58 4.3.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 58 4.3.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 60

4.4 Impact Matrix ................................................................................................................. 61 4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures ....................................... 64 4.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 67

CHAPTER 5: PROJECT BENEFITS ...................................................................................... 68 5.1 Project Benefits .............................................................................................................. 68 5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure ................................................................. 68 5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure ..................................................................... 68 5.4 Employment Potential .................................................................................................... 69 5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development ....................................................................... 69 5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer ....................................... 70 5.7 Other Tangible Benefits ................................................................................................. 70

CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATES ....................................................................... 71 6.1 Alternative Technology .................................................................................................. 71 6.2 Alternative Site ............................................................................................................... 71

CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES .................................................................................. 72 7.1 Public Consultation ........................................................................................................ 72 7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment ........................................................................................ 72

7.2.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 72 7.2.2 QRA Approach ....................................................................................................... 72 7.2.3 Hazard Identification .............................................................................................. 75

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iv

7.2.4 Events and Ignition Probability .............................................................................. 78 7.2.5 Consequential Events .............................................................................................. 79 7.2.6 Consequence Analysis ............................................................................................ 81 7.2.7 Likelihood Estimation ............................................................................................. 98 7.2.8 Risk Analysis ........................................................................................................ 100 7.2.9 Risk Contours........................................................................................................ 100 7.2.10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 102 7.2.11 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 102

CHAPTER 8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ............ 105 8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 105 8.2 EMP during Construction Phase .................................................................................. 105

8.2.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 105 8.2.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 106 8.2.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 106 8.2.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 107 8.2.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 107 8.2.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 107 8.2.7 Health and Safety .................................................................................................. 107

8.3 EMP during Operation Phase ....................................................................................... 108 8.3.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 108 8.3.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 108 8.3.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 109 8.3.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 109 8.3.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 109 8.3.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 110

8.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme ...................................................................... 110 8.4.1 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................. 111 8.4.2 Surface Water Quality ........................................................................................... 112 8.4.3 Noise Level ............................................................................................................... 112

8.5 Environmental Management Cell ................................................................................. 112 8.6 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection Measures ................................... 112

CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................... 114 9.1 Consultants Engaged .................................................................................................... 114 9.2 Laboratory for Analysis ............................................................................................... 115

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Project and Project Proponent Description .................................................................... 6 Table 2.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site .................................................................. 13 Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility ............................................................ 18 Table 2.3: Non-Plant Shed/Building ............................................................................................. 25 Table 2.4: Plant Shed/Building ..................................................................................................... 26 Table 2.5: Brief Description of Facilities ..................................................................................... 26 Table 2.6: Electrical Systems ........................................................................................................ 27

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh v

Table 2.7: Safety data ................................................................................................................... 27 Table 2.9: Non-Hazardous Waste ................................................................................................. 28 Table 2.10: Hazardous waste ........................................................................................................ 28 Table 3.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius ..................................... 31 Table 3.3: Meteorological Monitoring At study area ................................................................... 34 Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area ............................................................... 35 Table 3.4: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations ............................................................................. 37 Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results .................................................................... 37 Table 3.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .............................................. 38 Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area .................................................... 40 Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ............................................................................. 41 Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards ............................................................................................ 42 Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations .......................................................................... 43 Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics .................................................................................... 43 Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics .................................................................................... 44 Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area.................................................................. 44 Table 3.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area .................................................. 46 Table 3.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area .................................................. 48 Table 3.16: List of under growth plants ........................................................................................ 48 Table 3.17: List of fruit trees ........................................................................................................ 49 Table 3.18: List of Faunal members of the project area ............................................................... 49 Table 3.19: Demography of Una & Rupnagar Districts ............................................................... 50 Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area ............................................................. 51 Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 51 Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 52 Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area ...................................................... 52 Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area .......................................................................... 52 Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area ................................................. 53 Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area ......................................................... 53 Table 4.1: Impact Matrix .............................................................................................................. 62 Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 64 Table 4.3: Overall Matrix ............................................................................................................. 67 Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios .......................................................................................... 76 Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes ................................................................................. 78 Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST. .................................................................... 80 Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered .................................................................................................. 81 Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel ....................................................... 82 Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment ...................................................... 82 Table 7.7: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances ....................................................................... 83 Table 7.8: Jet fire radiation distances ........................................................................................... 89

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh vi

Table 7.9: Pool fire radiation distances ......................................................................................... 95 Table 7.10: Fireball Radiation Distances ...................................................................................... 95 Table 7.11: Estimated failure frequency ....................................................................................... 99 Table 8.1: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program ....................................................... 111 Table 8.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures ......................................................... 113 Table 9.1: EIA Team ................................................................................................................... 114 Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA ........................................................... 115

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Connectivity Map ......................................................................................................... 8 Figure 2.1: Project Location ......................................................................................................... 15 Figure 2.2: Google Image of the Project Site ............................................................................... 16 Figure 2.3: Google Image of the Project Site ............................................................................... 17 Figure 2.4: Process Flow Chart ..................................................................................................... 22 Figure 2.5: Typical Mounded Bullet System ................................................................................ 23 Figure 3.1A: Satellite Map of the study area ................................................................................ 30 Figure 3.1B: Landuse/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area .............................................................. 31 Figure 3.2A: Drainage Map of the study area ............................................................................... 32 Figure 3.2B: Drainage Map of the study area ............................................................................... 33 Figure 3.3: Baseline Sampling Monitoring Locations .................................................................. 34 Figure 3.4: Windrose for period of January 2017 to April 2017. ................................................. 36 Figure 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area .................................... 55 Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria ............................................................................................ 73 Figure 7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software) .................. 79

LIST OF ANNEXURE

ANNEXURE I: Project Site Layout Plan ANNEXURE II: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Maharatna status and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for approximately 48% of petroleum products market share, 34% national refining capacity and 71% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It is India’s flagship national oil company and downstream petroleum major thus being India’s largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship national oil company in the downstream sector, Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products to millions of people every day through a countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points. They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants. IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of the country. Indane (the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a network of about 5,456 distributors (51.8% of the industry).The growth in demand of LPG for domestic purpose is increasing at a rapid pace. In order to meet the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh,IOCL is proposing to augment the storage capacity at Una LPG Bottling Plant withinIOCLpremises of32.56 Acres. Project Description There will be no chemical process involved and the operation carried out will be receipt of LPG in Bulk form in tank trucks from the sources namely IOCL Jalandhar, Lonietc. The storageshall be in mounded bullets (existing and proposed) and filling of LPG into cylinders using carousel and associated systems. The cylinders filled will be checked for quality and then dispatched. In the proposed augmentation of storage capacity at LPG bottling plant the storage will be pressurized form in mounded storage. The LPG storage will be in existing 3 bullets of 300 MT (i.e. 900 MT existing) each and proposed 2 bullets of 600 MT each (i.e. 1200 MT proposed)with a total capacity of 2100 MT. TheMounded Bullet System will store the LPGin liquid form. The system of mounded storage has been recognized as one of the safest form of storage for LPG.Mounded Bullets will be submerged in ground and encased in four sided retaining wall having a designed layer of earth over the bullets Technology and Activity (Process) Description There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG Bottling Plant. The operations can be divided into:

Receipt of LPG is by bulk truck from Jalandhar,Loni,etc Storage of LPG in mounded bullets fabricated as per PESO standards


Filling of LPG in cylinder by carousel in domestic/ commercial/ industrial cylinders

Dispatch of packed LPG cylinder by packed trucks

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE, FILLING AND DISPATCH of LPG is carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of leakage of products and to achieve enhanced safety. There is no chance of mixing LPG with atmosphere outside during normal operations.

Table1: Project Capacity SN Product Existing (MT) Proposed (MT) Total (MT) 1 Storage of LPG

(Mounded Bullets) 3x300 -- 900

2 - 2x600 1200 Total 2100

Power Requirement

Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW contracted demand from Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board. D.G Sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA. No additional power or DG Sets are required for proposed augmentation. Water Supply Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day including domestic and fire water is being sourced from existing tube wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed augmentation. The existing premises of LPG BP include STP of 5 m3/day capacity.

Table 2: Water Consumption SN Description Water Consumption in

m3/day Source

1 Domestic 4 Fresh Water 2 Cylinder washing 5 Approx 4 m3/day shall be

recycled and reused. Remaining 1 m3/day shall be

sourced as Fresh Water

3 Gardening 3 Treated water from STP 4 Fire Water Makeup 3 Fresh Water

Needed once a month during fire-mock drills

Total 15 The existing premises of LPG BP also include ETP (effluent treatment plant) of 3 KLPD capacity for treatment of waste process water.


Fire Fighting Facilities Medium velocity Water Sprinkler systemis availablein product pump house,TLD

decantation Shed, Mounded Bullets, CR shed, Empty shed, Filling Shed and Filled Shed as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-144.

Fire fighting system comprising of MVWS System & Fire hydrant ring on proposed LPG Mounded Bulletsshall be provided as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-150.

Provision of Fire hydrant piping network with intermittent deluge valves covering full licensed area is available in line with OISD144 and shall be provided for proposed augmentation as per OISD 150.

The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 2 and Schedule of Fire Pumps have been provided in Table 3.

Table 2: Details of Fire Tanks

SN Product Type of Tank Capacity

1 Existing Fire Water Tank

Vertical Above ground cone roof 2 X 3700 m3

Table 3: Schedule of Fire Pumps

SN Description Capacity Head mWC

Nos of Pumps

Operating Standby

1 Main Pumps Diesel Engine Driven

5x410 m3/hr 85m 3 2

2 Jockey Pumps Electrical Driven

2x10 m3/hr 85m 1 1

Instrumentation and Automation Instrumentation and Automation will be provided for the proposed Mounded Storage Vessels:

Tank Farm Management System: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of products.

Valve Automation system: The tank body Valves have been fitted with Electro-pneumaticRemote Operated Valves (ROV) to be closed by bleeding air manually or by a safety PLC in case of emergency.

Servo gauges: The gauges functions in remote for the tank inventory and tank shut down procedures

Interlock Shutdown System has been provided per the provision of OISD 144.

Earthing system at grid.

Gas Monitoring system having sensors all over the license area to pre-warn slightest of Leakage and MIMIC panel to communicate real time status

Access Control System: The system permits only authorized personnel to enter Plant.


Control Room with equipment: The control room monitors and logs all events pertaining to the operation of the LPG BottlingPlant on real time basis.

Manpower The total IOCL manpower requirement at the LPG BP is 23. No additional requirement is envisaged with proposed augmentation. Description of Environment The area around the LPG Bottling Planthas been surveyed for physical features and existing environmental scenario. The field survey and baseline monitoring has been done from the period ofmid-January 2017 to mid-April 2017 Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan Land/Soil Environment Impact Mitigation During construction phase the top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site. During operation phase, as the complete system is closed loop, no leakage is envisaged and hence negligible impact on the topography during operation phase. Air Impact Mitigation The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to excavation of soil, levelling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction equipment/vehicles, site clearing and other activities. Also water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along unpaved sections of access roads.During operational phase the facilityhas already been equipped with leak detection systems and shall be extended further to the augmented mounded bullets system. The air environment has minimal impact due to truck movement for receipt and dispatch. Noise Impact Mitigation Noise is generated from operation of pumps, blowers and DG sets and during vehicular movement. The mitigation measures have been implemented like acoustic enclosures for DG Sets as per CPCB guidelines,provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area, green belts and landscaping have been developed which act as noise buffer. Water Impact Mitigation Avoid unwanted wastage of water and use of tanker water for construction activity. Wastewater generated will be continued to be recycled/ reused during operation of the LPG Plant and rain water harvesting shall be further promoted. Additionally, the rainwater from the landscape area will be continuedto recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit.


Ecology and Biodiversity Impact Mitigation The proponent plans to strengthen and maintain the extensive green belt encompassing minimum 33% of plot area. The probability and consequences of significant ecological impacts occurring as a result of the operation of the facility are considered to be almost negligible.Municipal solid waste will be continued to be disposed through local bodies andspent lube oil from D.G. set will be sold to HPPCB Authorized recyclers. Hence no impact on flora and fauna is envisaged. Moreover there are no reserve forest and protected areas within 10 km radius. There will be no effluent discharge in the water body. Thus there is no impact on the aquatic biota present in vicinity of proposed project. Socio-Economic Environment Impact Mitigation The construction of the proposed augmentationis expected to provide temporary indirect employment to a good number of skilled and unskilled workers. The project will contribute to the socio-economic development of the area at the local level in turn reducing migration for employment. Hence the proposed project will have positive impact on the socio-economic environment. Environmental Monitoring Programme It is imperative that the IOCL shall continueto monitor environmental health, post clearance.

It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

Project Benefits To cater the domestic as well as non-domestic LPG demand, Bulk LPG and Auto LPG demand of Unaand surrounding districts.

Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation The plant activities will be completed in a period of 12-15 months from the date of receipt of all the approvals from statutory authorities.


CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of Project and Project Proponent M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Navratna status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as IOCL on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for approximately 48% petroleum products market share, 34% national refining capacity and 71% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It is India’s flagship national oil company and downstream petroleum major thus being India’s largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship national oil company in the downstream sector, Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products to millions of people every day through a countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points. They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants. Indian Oil's vast marketing infrastructure of petrol/diesel stations, Indane (LPG) distributorships, SERVO lubricants and greases outlets and large volume consumer pumps are backed by bulk storage terminals and installations, inland depots, aviation fuel stations, LPG bottling plants and lube blending plants amongst others. The countrywide marketing operations are coordinated by 16 State Offices and over 100 decentralized administrative offices IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 168th position in the year 2017. IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of the country. Indane (the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a network of about 5,456 distributors (51.8% of the industry).The growth in demand of LPG for domestic purpose is increasing at a rapid pace. Bulk Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is received in a bullet tanker – truck from IOCL Jalandhar and Loniunloaded by using vapor compressors and stored in Mounded Bullets. The empty cylinders are unloaded in the unloading shed and sent bymeans of conveyors to the carousel for filling them with LPG. LPG is filled in cylinders of capacity 5 kg,14.2 kg, 19.0 kg and 47.5 kg. LPG from the storage area is pumped to the filling machine by means of LPGpumps for filling the cylinders. After filling cylinders and subsequent checks, the filled cylinders are sent tothe filled cylinder shed and loaded on to the trucks for dispatch to the LPG distributors to use for house holdand industrial purposes.The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Project and Project Proponent Description Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at

LPG Bottling Plant atMehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited


Name, contact number and address of Project Proponent

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited ShriJyotiprakashChakraborty Sr. Mgr(LPG-E), PSO Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Punjab State Office, Indian Oil Bhavan, Plot No. 3A, Sector-19A, Madhya Marg, Chandigarh - 160 019

Location of the Project

Village : Raipur Sahoran District : Una Taluka : Una State : Himachal Pradesh Latitude : 31°23'43.72"N Longitude : 76°19'40.43"E

Name, contact number and address of Consultant

Environmental Consultants : M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory (An ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by NABET, Lab: recognised by MOEF&CC, GoI) Unit No. 206, 224, 225, Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway, Opp. Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (W) – 400601 Tel.: 91-22-25342776, 25380198, 25331438 Fax : 91-22-25429650 Email: [email protected] Website : www.ultratech.in

Size of proposed project activity 13.17 ha (32.56 acres) Plant Overview 1. LPG bottling plant

2. Distribute bulk products by road (by tank lorries ) Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’

Category ‘A’

Proposed capacity/area/length/tonnage to be handled/command area/lease area/number of wells to be drilled

Proposed expansion from 900 MT storage capacity of LPG to 2100 MT by installing 2x600 = 1200 MT of additional Mounded LPG Bullets

1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project The project activity isaugmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant at Mehatpur, Una. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September, 2006 as amended, the proposed project falls under 'Type 6b - Isolated Storage and

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1.3 Scope of the Study EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. The study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment, various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored. Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during mid-January 2017 to mid-April 2017 used to identify potential significant impacts. The report is prepared as per the Standard ToR and additional ToR granted at the21stEAC meeting held on 28th March, 2017 at Delhi The scope of the study broadly includes:

To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed development

To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its surroundings

To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the project

To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phase of the project

To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to suggest the management plan for the same

Details about conservation of resources

To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted

To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster management plan onsite and offsite

To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program 1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed project:

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection) rules, 1986 and amendments thereafter

The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,2009 as amended


The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

E-waste Management (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011

The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended

EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended 1.5 Objective and Scope of EIA Study EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. EIA can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design. The study included detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment, various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored by an accredited Functional Area Expert. Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during January 2017 to April 2017and used to identify potential significant impacts. The scope of the study broadly includes:-

To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed development

To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its surroundings

To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the project

To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phase of the project

To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to suggest the management plan for the same

Conservation of resources

To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted.

To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate environmental management plan (EMP) outlining additional control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts.

To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program 1.6 Structure of EIA Report EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation of Environmental Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in following ten chapters:


Executive Summary This chapter gives the Executive Summary of the EIA report. Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA. Chapter 2: Project Description This chapter gives a brief description of the location, approachability, amenities, layout and utilities of the proposed project. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of construction activities as this is an expansion project Chapter 3: Description of the Environment This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality, noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc. Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures. Chapter 5: Project Benefits This chapter presents the benefits from this project. Chapter 6: Analysis of Alternatives This chapter covers Analysis of Site and Technology that were analyzed while preparing this report. Chapter 7: Additional Studies This chapter covers information about Public Consultation and Risk Assessment Studies for the construction and operation phase, the safety precautions that are taken during construction phase. Chapter 8: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed Project and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the environment during construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same. This chapter also discusses the details about the environmental monitoring program during construction and operation phases. Chapter 9: Disclosure of Consultants This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details of environmental consultants.


CHAPTER 2.PROJECT DISCRIPTION

2.1 Type of project

Una LPG Bottling Plant (BP) operates strictly as a storage & packing facility for LPG. No by-products / additional products are generated / manufactured during the operations. The proposed augmentation enhances the storage capacity of LPG from 900 MT to 2100 MT. Hence, the present proposal is classified under Schedule 6(b) & Category ‘B’ according to EIA Notification 2006 & subsequent amendments.

2.2 Need and Justification of the Project

Liquid LPG is a clean fuel and is extensively used as cooking fuel in India. Due to increase in urbanization and improved quality of life the demand for its consumption is increasing. In order to increase its new customer base and to serve the existing customers in a better way M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. are augmenting their existing bottling plants and setting up new plants. With the present LPG Bottling facilities in Himachal Pradesh, IOCL is unable to meet the growing demand of LPG in the State. As per the installed capacity, plant can bottle around 250 MT per day. Therefore, the existing tankage of 900 MT provides a cover equivalent to bottling of around 4 days. Moreover, with increase in demand in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, there will be a need to operate the plant in two shifts, which will further reduce the cover to 2-3 days. Bulk LPG to the BP is positioned by road tankers which are loaded primarily from Loni BP near Delhi which is at a distance of about 350 kms from Una. In the event of non-availability of product at Loni, either due to high demand at other plants/markets or any technical constraint in JLPL, bulk LPG supplies to Una BP is executed from alternate sources e.g. Jaipur, Dumad, Kandla or Jamngar, which are at a distance higher than Loni. This may result in non-availability of product at Una if sufficient stock at plant is not maintained. The existing tankage at Una BP is sufficient for bottling of around 4 days. Any disruption in supplies either due to non-availability of product may result in dry out. In view of the foregoing, IOCL has proposed for provision of augmentation with 2nos of mounded bullets with 600 MT capacities at Una LPG BP. The augmentation of the storage capacity of Bottling Plant is estimated to cost 21.70crores.

2.3 Location & Layout

LPG bottling plant is located atapproximately 2.2 km from NH-503 and abutting SH-PWD Pump House Road. The nearest railway station is RaiMehatpur Railway station at approximately 0.4 km. The nearest airport is Chandigarh Airport ataround118 km. The Environmental Settingaround the project site is given in the Table 2.1:


Table 2.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site

SN Particulars Details 1. Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk

Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant atMehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

2. Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

3. Plant location Mehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

4. Site Coordinates Latitude : 31°23'43.72"N Longitude : 76°19'40.43"E

5. Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use

6. Nearest railway station Railway:RaiMehatpur Railway Station: 0.4 km

7. Nearest Airport Airport: Chandigarh Airport : 118 km

8. Nearest major water bodies Satluj Lake: 3.5 Km, E Nangal Dam: 10.0 Km, E

9. Nearest town/City Nearest City Nangal:8 km District HQ Una: 12 km

10. Archaeologically important places None within 10 km

11. Protected areas as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve, Elephant reserve, Biospheres, National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, community reserves and conservation reserves)

None within 10 km

12. Reserved / Protected Forests None within 10 km

13. Defence Installations None within 10 km

14. Seismicity The proposed project is located in Seismic Zone IV as per IS: 1893 and all designs will be as per IS Codes

North Side : Railway Route East Side : State Highway(PWD Pump House Road) South Side : Vacant space West Side : Small Scale Habitation The project location and google image are provided as Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2 respectively. The layout of the bottling plant has been prepared as per prescribed OISD-144 & 150. The road network is designed to ensure smooth movement of bulk/filled cylinder trucks. Layout plan of


the bottling plant including existing and proposed facilities have been given in Figure 2.3 and also as Annexure II. The design considerations for the site layout of the proposed project are provided as below: Design Parameters: Temperature, Pressure, Internal Corrosion, Hydro Test Pressure Design Procedure: As per the Design Code: ASME SEC. VIII or equivalent duly approved

by PESO. Piping layout is as per OISD-150. One liquid line, one vapour line, 2no’s SRVs, ROVs on

liquid and vapour lines


Figure 2.1: Project Location

EIA RReport for LPG B

Fig

Bottling Plant U

gure 2.2: Goog

Una, Himachal P

le Image of the

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e Project Site

16

EIA RReport for LPG B

Fig

Bottling Plant U

gure 2.3: Goog

Una, Himachal P

le Image of the

Pradesh

e Project Site

17


2.4 Salient Features of the Project The salient features of the Una LPG BP are presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility Sr. No.

Description Details

1 Total Land 32.56 acres

2 Capacity of Storage Tanks

Type of Vessel/Status

Nos Capacity Total Capacity

Existing Mounded Bullets

3 300 MT 900 MT

Proposed Mounded Bullets

2 600 MT 1200 MT

3 Power requirement 450 KW 4 Water requirement No additional requirement is envisaged with

proposed augmentation of storage capacity. 5 Man power No additional Manpower is envisaged with

proposed augmentation of storage capacity 6 Project Expansion

Cost INR 21.70 Crores.

7 Cost towards environment protection

INR42 lakhs

8 Fire Fighting Facilities A Fire water storage 2 X 3700 m3 B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5*410 kL/hr capacity

C Jockey pumps Electric motor driven 2*10 m3/hr capacity C Water sprinkler /

Deluge system At all relevant places (will be converted to auto sprinkler system supported by PLC based ILSD)

D Fire Hydrant/monitor piping network

As per prescribed OISD

E DCP & CO2 extinguishers


F Gas Monitoring System


G ILSD As per OISD-144 Source: IOCLUna BP


2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation The construction of LPG storage and related activities will commence on receipt of Environmental Clearance (EC) from EAC, and Consent to Establish (CTE) from HPPCB and other statutory approvals/NOCs as required. It is envisaged that construction activities will take 12-15 months post the necessary approvals. 2.4.2 Land use The proposed expansion will be carried out within the existing facilities of LPG BP at Una. The site earmarked for proposed expansionis currently vacant. There is no change in land use. 2.5 Process Description 2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage Bulk LPG is being received through road tankers of approx18 MT capacities from IOCLJalandhar, Loni etc. 2.5.2 Unloading LPG in road tankers will be unloaded in TLD shed comprising 8 nos. of unloading bays. LPG will be unloaded from the road tanker by differential pressure method. During LPG unloading, vapour from one storage bullet will be sucked and will be compressed in LPG compressor. The compressed LPG vapour will be fed to bulk tanker to pressurize it and LPG (Liquid) will be transferred from the road tanker to the Bullet. After LPG unloading, the compressor suction will be reversed by changing the valve position and LPG vapour will be recovered from road tanker through the same compressor and discharged till the suction pressure of tanker is approximately1.5 Kg/cm2. 2.5.3 LPG Pump House

LPG Pumps Vertical Cam Type LPG pumps will take suction from bottom of Mounded Bullets and deliver liquid to carousal for filling in empty cylinders.

LPG Vapour Compressors Total three compressors of Capacity- 2*150cfm each and 1*65cfmhave been provided. The compressor is used for unloading of LPG from road tankers by pressurization and thereafter for recovery of LPG vapour from the road tankers when unloading will be complete. The compressor will be equipped with a suction receiver (knock out drum) to trap any condensed liquid. 2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air Drying Unit 2 nos. of reciprocating type compressor and one lubricated type screw type Air compressor provided for supply of compressed air for plant requirement as well as for preparation of


instrument air at a press of 5-6.5 Kg/cm2a. Compressed air shall be generally required as plant air/service air and a part of the compressed air passes through air drying unit for generation of instrument air at 5.6.5 Kg/cm2a and relative humidity at -15ºC. Instrument air will be required for LPG handling and filling system, operation of instruments including ROVs and thermal fuse bulbs etc. The air compressor and air drying unit are located at a sufficient distance from LPG handling facilities. 2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities Empty cylinders from empty cylinder storage shed are drawn in the filling shed by chain conveyer. LPG will be filled by means of rotary machines called "Carousel". The carousel consists of a rotating frame with running wheels on rail (and corresponding rail), a central column for gas and air and which rotates with the carousel frame a hydraulic driving unit. The speed of the driving unit will be variable so that the rotation of the carousel can be adapted to various filling capacities. The carousel will be equipped with 24 filling guns.LPG filling machine mounted on the carousel works on gross weighing principle. The machine will be preset for the net filling required in the cylinders. The cylinders are placed on the machine and the filling head will be connected to the cylinder valve and LPG supply valve opens. The operator punches rate of each incoming LPG cylinders and filling machine of the corresponding cylinder will be adjusted for the respective tare weight of the cylinders. Remaining the filled LPG weight constant the lling gets automatically cut off when the total gross weight (Adjusted Tare weight + contant LPG weight) reaches.

Checking of weight and Leak testing After filling, every cylinder will be checked for its weight on a check weighing scale and the cylinders having less or more weight are segregated and are sent through a integrated weight correction unit. The cylinders are checked for valve leakage by Gas Detector and ”O”-Ring leak by Pressure Tester, then checking for body and bung leaks by totally submerging cylinders under water as per prevailing practice. After leak testing, sample of cylinders are segregated for Statistical Quality Checking (SQC), then cylinders are sent to filled cylinder storage shed by means of chain conveyers for loading in the packed trucks.

Air removal from cylinders and LPG vapour filling - Purging Unit This unit will be required to fill LPG vapour in cylinders (new and repaired) after sucking the air from cylinders by vacuum pumps. This operation is required to eliminate the possibility of forming explosive mixture with air. Vacuum will be created upto 300 mm of Hg inside the cylinder and then LPG vapour will be injected into the cylinder up to a pressure of 1.5 to 2 kg/cm2g before using them for filling of LPG.


Evacuation of leaky cylinders Defective valves of LPG Cylinders shall be replaced by using Valve Change without Evacuation Unit. In this unit the defective valves are replaced without evacuating the LPG from the defective cylinders.

Storage of filled cylinders and transportation Filled cylinders after leak testing, weight testing and fixing safety caps will be stacked in the filled cylinder shed near the delivery end as per rules laid down by OISD-144/Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981. Filled cylinders will be delivered only to the PESO approved godown of authorized LPG distributors. Drivers of the trucks carrying LPG shall have valid license and training in safety and fire fighting procedures. Note: Whole filling shed are comes under the network of medium velocity sprinkler system 2.6 Process Flow Chart There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG bottling plant. The process involved can be divided into 4 Stages as below and as shown in Figure 2.4: Receiptof Bulk LPG through LPG bulk trucks. Storage of LPG in mounded storage vessel tanks as per OISD-150. Filling of the LPG into cylinders (domestic/ commercial/ industrial). Dispatch of LPG cylinders through Vehicles (Packed cylinder Truck


Receipt of LPG by Bulk Truck

Transfer of LPG in existing 3X300 MT and proposed 2 x 600 MT Mounded Storage Vessel

Cylinders are filled up by Operating LPG Pumps

14.2 kg & 19 Kg Cylinder are filled by weight through Carousals, 47.5 Kg cylinders filled through unit filling machine tested for weight and leakages

and sealed before dispatch.

Bottling of LPG Cylinder at filling shed

Dispatch of filled LPG cylinder in Packed Truck

Figure 2.4: Process Flow Chart

2.7 Infrastructure at the Facility 2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to conventional storage. Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 m is done for construction of mounded bullet foundation (below FGL). Cathodic protection through sacrificial anode method has been provided for all the three bullets to prevent them from corrosion. A typical drawing of the mounded bullets system is as shown in Figure 2.5.


Figure 2.5: Typical Mounded Bullet System

2.7.2 Parking Lot The proposed Bottling Plant has provided facility for approximately 20 Bulk Tank Trucks (TT) and 65Packed Truck Parking Area. 2.8 Fire Prevention System The gas leak detection, fire prevention and control system implemented at Una LPG Bottling Plant complies with the norms prescribed under OISD 144 and OISD 150. The following are the systems which are provided at Una LPG Bottling Plant:- Gas Monitoring System: The system consists of gas detecting sensors linked to a computerized processing unit and with alarm panels at control room, filing shed, plant manager’s cabin as well as security gate having audio / visual alarms and MIMIC Panel to alert the plant personnel. The sensors are located at all sensitive or potential hazard areas in the plant as indicated in OISD 144. Air/Vapor Extraction System: It is a blower with ducts extended to different operating points in filling shed. The blower extracts any leaking LPG vapor from the floor level and cold flares the same to the free atmosphere at the height of 1.5 meter from the highest points of eves of the shed. This system is interlocked with filling system, such that the blower has to be started before the carousel is started for filling operation. Blower runs during filling operation continuously. A standby blower is also given to meet situations where one of the blowers is out of order. In this


way there is no accumulation of LPG at plant floor level and any minor leaks due to operation is immediately evacuated and not allowed to reach the lower explosive limit. Remote (Control) Operated Valves: These are pneumatically operated quick shut off valves provided on LPG pipelines (in liquid line) connected to LPG equipment (like storage vessels, carousel, TLD lines) with actuating points located both remotely and nearer to operating facilities in plant. When actuated, the valves will close within 30 seconds, stopping the flow of LPG in pipelines. Besides, in case of leakage of LPG through flange joint or rupture of pipeline, the Excess Flow Check Valve are operated restricting the leakage of LPG to the sections between two Gate Valves in LPG pipe line and the LPG in upstream area and the storage bullet area is cut off from the leaking point, thereby preventing major leakage or fire. High Level Alarm: This kind of alarm is installed in bullets. In case of filling of more than 85 % the alarm will be actuated at Pump House and remote operated valves installed in storage vessel will close the flow of LPG to vessel. The actuation of remote operated valve and alarm is interlocked with the level of LPG liquid in vessel. Fire Hydrant Network: All round the plant in licensed and non licensed area there are fire water line ring network. In both licensed & non licensed area there are intermittent fire hydrants and water motitors in a specific distance. Further in licensed area there are deluge valve in all critical areas (called as fire zones), as per OISD 144. MV sprinkler system can be operated from deluge valves. Emergency Trip Buttons and Manual call Points: These emergency push buttons are provided at strategic places in the plant. In case of emergency, when the emergency trip button is actuated action takes place as specified in the clause 11.11 of OISD 144 which involves tripping of electricity to all the operating equipment in the hazardous area of the plant, closure of all remote operated valves on the LPG pipelines and sounding of siren. Operation of manual call point will denote an abnormal situation alerting the plant personnel and will involve the sounding of siren only. An annunciator panel installed at manned control room will indicate the location from where Manual Call Point is actuated. These points are provided at strategic locations in the plant. Medium Velocity Spray System : This sprinkle system is provided in the operating areas of hazardous areas of plant like sheds involving filling, storage and operation on cylinders, tank lorry decantation shed, expose flanges of mounded storage, LPG pump house, etc., as per the specifications given in OISD 144 / 150. Adequate storage of fire water in exclusive above ground tanks is maintained as per the fire water calculation. There is a fire water pipeline system which is constantly kept pressurized with a minimum of 7 kg per cmsquare at farthest point using jockey pumps which start and stop automatically at preset pressures. The fire water pipeline is connected to the MV spray system


through deluge valves where an air water balance is maintained. The MV Spray system is equipped with a quartzite bulb fire detection system. When the temperature reaches 79º C the bulb will be burst releasing the air water balance at the deluge valve and thereby starting the sprinkling of water. This will reduce the pressure in the pipeline which will actuate the fire water pumps by a preset mechanical pressure switch. This process will repeat until other fire pump start and same will stabilize when quantum of fire water as per designed scenario of fire fighting is achieved.Thus the entire system of fire protection is automatic. Interlock Shut Down System: As per OISD 144 all the plant has Inter Locked Shut Down System (ILSD) in place. It is a combination of syncrhonised activity to control a emergency situation in a far better way. In the plant with ILSD if fire water started at any point by any of the 4icases of actuation of sprinkler either by bursting of quartzite bulb, or operating sprinkler manually, all plant machineries will trip electrically, electric siren will be sounded, fire engine will be started, all remote operated valve in liquid LPG line will be closed and emergency light will be activated (at night). This system is called Interlocked Shut down System. Apart from that zone of emergency will be indicated in annuciator panel at control room. Mutual Aid – 2.9 Plant and Equipment Details The existing as well as proposed plant and equipment details along with sizing are detailed in brief in Table 2.3. Table 2.4, Table 2.5, Table 2.6 and Table 2.7. Further Site Plan Layout is referenced as Annexure II.

Table 2.3: Non-Plant Shed/Building Security (Main Gate) 03 M X 03 M CR/S & D 8 M X 10 M Administrative Bldg, conf room (2 Story) 10 M X 14M 10 M X 10M HSD storage 18 N X 15 M Truck Crew Rest Room 8.5 M X 10 M Stores Building 27 M X 10.56 M Car/Scooter parking 5 M X 20 M Fire Pump House and Air Compressor House 10 M X 15 M Fire Water Tank 10 X 30M Weigh Bridge 15 M X 3 M TLD (8bays) 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X 42.3 M Empty cum filling shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M Mounded Storage Vessels (Proposed) 5.2M X 32.40 M

(2 X 600 MT) LPG Pump House 8 M X 28 M


Cooling water tank 1Nos 1 X 10 KL Emergency Exit 2 GATES Electric Substation 8 M X 44 M Value Change Shed 16.8 M X 16.8 M

Table 2.4: Plant Shed/Building

No. Description Size

1 Empty cum Filling Shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M 2 Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X

42.3 M 3 TLD 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M

Table 2.5: Brief Description of Facilities

No. of TLD bays 8 No. of Water Storage Tanks 2 No. No. of Water cooling pumps 1 No. of Bore Wells 2 No. of DG sets 3 (1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.) No. of LPG pumps 2*48 M3/Hr and 1*85 M3/Hr No. of LPG compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*65 CFM No. of Air Compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*300 CFM No. of Security Air Compressors 2 No. of Fire Pumps 5 * 410 M3/hr No. of Jockey Pumps 2 * 10 M3/Hr No. of DVs 14 No. of Telescopic Conveyors 8 Gas Monitoring System: Make and No. of sensors

1

Carousal : Make, No. of Filling Points 2 x 24 Machines electronic carousal Leak Detector(GD) : 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal Pressure Tester (PT) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal IWCU (Integrated Weight Correction Unit) 1 unit one each carousal Dynamic Check Scale 1 unit each carousal Evacuation Unit : Make and No of guns Stand with 2 guns. Valve Change unit Without Evacuation 1 unit one each carousal Purging Unit: Make and Capacity 1 unit Valve Changing Machine 1 unit Hot Air Sealing System (HASS) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal Weigh Bridge 50 MT


Vapour Extraction system 1 system Test Bath 15 cyls holding capacity one each carousal Conveyor system 1 system for each carousal

Table 2.6: Electrical Systems

No. Description Size 1 Transformers To suit requirement – tentatively - 2 (1 x 750 kVA

power and 1 x 250 kVA lighting) 2 Energy Saver To suit requirement – tentatively - 160 kVA 3 Capacitor Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 125 kVA 4 Battery Charger/Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 110 kVA 5 Earth Pits To suit requirement – tentatively - 71 nos 6 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) 2 nos 7 Contract Demand To suit requirement – tentatively - 300 kVA 8 Connected Load (Power) To suit requirement – tentatively - 410 kW 9 HT VCB 11 kV, 400 A 10 PMCC and MLDB 1 system 11 High mast 5 nos.

Table 2.7: Safety data

No of monitors Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate) in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as per requirement

Hydrant points Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate)in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as per requirement

Fire extinguishers 10 kg DCP, 75 kg DCP, and CO2 fire extinguishers as per requirement given in OISD – 144

Hand Siren As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144 ETB As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144 MCP As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144 2.10 Power Requirement Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW sourced fromHimachal Pradesh State Electricity Board. D.G sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA. 2.11 Manpower Requirement The total manpower requirement will be same as existing for the operation phase.


2.12 Water and Wastewater Management Total water requirement including domestic and fire water is being sourced from existing tube wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed augmentation of storage capacity. The existing premises of LPG BP includes and STP of 5 m3/day capacity.

Table 2.8: Water Consumption SN Description Water Consumption in

m3/day Source

1 Domestic 4 Fresh Water 2 Cylinder washing 5 Approx 4 m3/day shall be

recycled and reused. Remaining 1 m3/day shall be

sourced as Fresh Water

3 Gardening 3 Treated water from STP 4 Fire Water Makeup 3 Fresh Water

Needed once a month during fire-mock drills

Total 15 2.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal system are mentioned in Table 2.9 and Table 2.10.

Table 2.9: Non-Hazardous Waste

Sr. No.

Solid Waste Generation

Type of waste

Total (approx)

Management

1

From Domestic Activities

Dry garbage 4.5 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised recyclers

Wet garbage 2.5 Kg/day Vermi composting and manure usage for gardening

Table 2.10: Hazardous waste

Sr. No.

Schedule I Category No. Type

Qty Method of Disposal

1 Sch. 5.1 – Used Oil 5 LPM To be disposed off as per HPPCB norms


CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 General This chapter provides the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the environmental attributes like air, water, noise, soil, land use, ecology, socio economics, etc. The study area covers 10 km radius around the project site. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are described with respect to climate, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, socioeconomic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance. 3.2 Methodology The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise, water and land quality in the study has been collected by primary sampling/field studies during the period of mid-January 2017 to mid-April 2017. The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable data collected very close to the site. 3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOC plant boundary at Una. The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s. 3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area Land Use Land Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite image are as follows: Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data has been used for Landuse / landcover analysis. Satellite Sensor – OLI_TIRS Path and Row – Path 148, Row 38 Spatial Resolution– 30 m Date of Pass: 19th March 2017 Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for delineating drainage and other features in the study area.

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The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period. The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 3.4. The wind rose during the study period is presented in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area

Month Temperature, °C

Relative Humidity, %

Wind Speed, m/s

Predominant wind direction

Min Max Min Max Mean January 2017 12 23.82 32 95 13.2 SE February 2017 11 31.5 37 95 11.1 SE March 2017 10.2 34 33 96 13.2 ESE April 2017 13 35 32 94 13.7 SE

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3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (HC) Methane and Non-methane HC) and VOCs at 10 locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data. Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; Topography of the study area; Representative ness of the region for establishing baseline status; and Representative ness with respect to likely impact areas. Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24 hour basis with a frequency of twice a week at a station during the study period for 8 locations. The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table 3.4&Figure 3.3.

Table 3.4: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations Sl. No Location Location Code

1 Project Site A1

2 NayaNangal A2

3 Nangal A3 4 Kherabagh A4 5 Barsara A5 6 Palakwah A6 7 Una A7 8 Saontokgarh A8 9 Sukhsal A9 10 Brahmpur A10

The ambient air quality results are as summarized in Table 3.5. The detailed Ambient Air Quality results are as referenced in Annexure III

Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

PM10 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 75.0 79.0 72.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 80.0

Max 92.0 92.0 91.0 96.0 89.0 89.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 90.0

98 Percentile 92.0 92.0 90.5 95.5 88.1 88.1 90.2 91.5 91.1 90.0

Standard 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


PM2.5 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 30.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 18.0 30.0 32.0 30.0 30.0 32.0

Max 48.0 42.0 40.0 44.0 38.0 43.0 42.0 39.0 43.0 71.0

98 Percentile 46.6 41.1 40.0 43.1 38.0 42.5 41.1 39.0 42.5 58.1

Standard 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

SO2 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Max 7.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

98 Percentile 7.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 6.0 6.5 5.0 6.0 6.5

Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

NOx (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Max 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 78.0 10.0 9.0

98 Percentile 9.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 9.5 8.0 8.0 45.8 9.5 8.5

Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

The other parameters such as CO, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, Ammonia, Hydro Carbons, VOCs, etc. are all below detection limits.

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, Methane and Non-methane (HC) and VOCs. Table 3.5 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these parameters.

Table 3.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Parameters Technique Technical Protocol

DetectableLimit, ug/m3

PM10 Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method)

HPPCB Guidelines

10.0

Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 5.0 Nitrogen Oxide Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 5.0 Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-Methane)

Gas Chromatograph (FID Detector)

Is-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.1 ppb

VOCs Activated Charcoal method (GC FID Detector)

EPA TO-17 1 mg/m3


Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute. PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants. 3.6 Noise Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear.The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses. 3.6.1 Objective The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise levels in different zones. i. e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area. 3.6.2 Methodology

Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry, commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway noise. The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring period. 10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise.

Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the


equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.

Instrument used for Monitoring Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet (Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighing set the sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations. There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free field, near field and far field.

Free Field The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.

Near Field The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.

Far Field The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the source.

Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area Sl. No Location Location Code

1 Project Site N1

2 NayaNangal N2

3 Nangal N3 4 Kherabagh N4 5 Barsara N5 6 Palakwah N6 7 Una N7 8 Saontokgarh N8 9 Sukhsal N9 10 Brahmpur N10

3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval. During each hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.


The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight. Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly. However, Leq can also be calculated using the following equation: Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)

2 / 60 Where, L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of measurement. L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of measurement. L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of measurement. Lday: This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly Leq’s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m. 3.6.4 Noise Results The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during study period and are presented in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results SN. Location No. Results

Day Night1 Project Site 59 46 2 NayaNangal 61 49 3 Nangal 54 45 4 Kherabagh 60 50 5 Barsara 64 52 6 Palakwah 58 48 7 Una 57 45 8 Saontokgarh 59 50

9 Sukhsal 53 44

10 Brahmpur 58 48


Noise Standards Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.9 describes ambient noise standards. In Respect of Noise*

Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards

Area Code Category of AreaLimits in dB(A), Leq

** Day time #Night time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone @ 50 40

* As per Environment protection act. ** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m. # Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m. @ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises ashospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.8. Noise level of the study area varied from 55 to 64 dB (A) in day time and from 44 to 52 dB (A) in the night time. 3.7 Water Environment 3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology Hydro-geologically the weathered and fractured zones of crystalline constitute the predominant hydro-geological units. Groundwater occurs under phreetic condition in the weathered horizons. Highly weathered and jointed granitic gneisses occuring the undulating plains form the potential aquifers in the hard rock terrain. Micaschists and shales having very thick weathered residuum also sometimes form good shallow aquifers to be tapped through dug wells. In the study area, ground water occurs under semi-confined and confined aquifer conditions. The quality of ground water at project site is saline. The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 4-5 m below ground level during pre-monsoon period and less than 2-4 m during post-monsoon period. (Source: CGWB). 3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was conducted by collecting water from ground water sources and surface water sources during Monitoring Period.


The sampling locations were identified on the basis of their importance. Two surface water samples and Four ground water samples were collected during monitoring period.

Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations Station Code Location

GW1 Fatehpur

GW2 Santokgarh

GW3 Brahmpur

GW4 Una

SW1 Nangal Dam SW2 Soan River

3.7.3 Methodology Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for relevant physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and procedures, prescribed by HPPCB, relevant IS Codes and Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report presents data for the Monitoring Period. Analyses of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried out at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field Analysis Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to laboratory. The metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope. 3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality The analysis data for the monitoring period is presented in Table 3.11 and Table 3.12 The physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible limits of drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) and suitable for consumption.

Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics

Site Fatehpur Santokgarh Brahmpur Una

pH 7.25 7.40 7.25 7.45

TDS 320 135 265 298

Alkalinity 250 70 189 215 Chloride 28 08 15 10 Ca 28 24 12 20 Mg 48 6.8 40 30


Site Fatehpur Santokgarh Brahmpur Una

Total Hardness 260 90 185 195 Iron 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.10 E.coli Absent Absent Absent Absent Coliform Absent Absent Absent Absent

Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics

Site Nangal Dam Soan River

pH 7.24 7.14

TDS 125 120

Alkalinity 25 22 Chloride 5 3 Ca 14 12 Mg 3.5 3.2 Total Hardness 58 40 Iron 0.004 0.01 E.coli Absent Absent Coliform Absent Absent

3.8 Soil Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties, constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics. The physico- chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the monitoring period with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc. The sampling locations have been selected to represent the study area. 3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations were mainly selected from agricultural field and project site. The sampling locations are given in Table 3.13 and presented in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area Code Locations

S1 Project Site S2 NayaNangal S3 Santokgarh S4 Brahmpur S5 Una S6 Barsara


3.8.2 Methodology The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 6 sub locations were identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis. 3.8.3 Soil Results The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are as shown in Table 3.14.


Table 3.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area

SN PARAMETERS UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

Project Site

NayaNangal Santokgarh Brahmpur Una Brahmpur

1. Colour ----- Grayish Brownish Brownish Grayish Grayish Brownish 2. pH ----- 8.20 7.1 7.21 6.85 6.70 7.20 3. Conductivity (EC) micro mhos/cm at

25oC (Soil Water Ratio-

1:2)

380 420 385 415 410 370

4. Moisture Content % 8.25 1.58 2.32 3.14 3.21 2.30 5. Water Holding

Capacity(WHC) % 30 55 50 45 43 48

6. Texture ----- Sandy soil Sandy clay Sandy clay Sandy Soil Sandy Soil

Sandy clay

7. Sand % 37.8 28 32 38 36 32

8. Silt % 22.4 35 38 35 37 38 9. Clay % 39.8 37 30 27 27 30 10. Organic Carbon % 0.854 0.615 0.645 0.425 0.421 0.630 11. Ca % 0.021 0.025 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.012 12. Mg % 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.005 13. Chloride Mg/l 25 18 18 24 22 16 14. Total Kjeldahl

Nitrogen Kh/ha 108 95 85 118 117 90

15. Nickel Mg/kg 0.04 ND ND ND ND ND


3.9 Biological Environment

3.9.1 Introduction

Ecology is the study of surrounding environment wherein various living or biotic groups live together and form a system of existence where every component, whether small or big is interdependent and hence is an indispensable part of an Ecosystem. In an ecosystem, plants are important as primary producers of a food chain followed by small organisms that are food of the other organisms. An ecosystem gets disturbed even if a single member of it gets extinct. The various ecosystems constitute of the man and animals, plants, microorganisms, aquatic and desert animals and so on. Humans are dependent on their environment, as are all other organisms. Any change in the environment affects the living things and their behaviour. All organisms are dependent on each other in many ways. Destruction of one organism in the environment can lead to the destruction of other organisms. Technological advances have given humans the ability to exert great influence over the environment of all living things. However, the ability of ecosystems to sustain humans is becoming increasingly stunted. For this reason, it is necessary to have an understanding of ecology in order to survive. The EIA studies would be very much incomplete if proper attention is not provided towards project’s impact foreseeable on flora and fauna of the study area. Accordingly, conducted the necessary survey of terrestrial flora, fauna and literature review of aquatic A detailed flora fauna study was carried out in 10 km radius area of the site. The structure and type of vegetation depends on climatic conditions and physiography of an area. Climate of the study area is suited for the variety of vegetation. The contents of this subsection are based primarily on reconnaissance surve. & through secondary sources. The baseline study, for the assessment of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the study area, within 10 km radius of the site was conducted during Mid January 2017 to Mid April 2017. Methodology: The study region was earmarked for 10 km radius area and its relevant baseline data was collected from the Census data book. The survey methodology was based on the flora and fauna species identification in personal and recently recorded and found in the region by the localities. Sampling of grass species was carried out by quadrat sampling method to examine the species distribution and its frequency in the region. Quadrat Sampling Method: A quadrat (or plot-based) survey is a quantitative examination of species distribution and abundance. Quadrats are more likely to detect inconspicuous or threatened species because a


smaller area is sampled in a concentrated search. This survey technique also provides a basis for subsequent monitoring. The survey was carried out for the vegetation ground cover found in the road edges by 1 m2 quadrat and study on the edge effect due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. The vegetation of this area was represented by tall trees, middle layer trees and shrubs, ground layer of herbaceous and twiners and climbers. This biodiversity is the natural biological capital of the earth and presents important opportunities for all nations. It provides goods and services essential to support human livelihoods and aspirations and enables societies to adapt to changing needs and circumstances. In addition, biodiversity maintains the ecological balance necessary for planetary and human survival.

3.9.2 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area:

Overall 29 plant species have been recorded. Fabaceae was the most dominant family followed by Myrtaceae and Moraceae. The list of naturally occurring trees, under growth plants, fruit trees within the Study area are as shown in Table 3.15, Table 3.16 and Table 3.17 respectively.

Table 3.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area

S. No. Plant species Common name Family 1 Acacia auriculiformis kikar Fabaceae 2 Acacia catechu Khair Fabaceae 3 Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceae 4 Albizziaprocera White siris Mimosaceae 5 Alstonia scholaris Blackboard tree Apocynaceae 6 Bauhinia variegate Kachnar Fabaceae 7 Bombaxmalabaricum Semal Bombacaceae 8 Dalberjiasissoo Shisham Fabaceae 9 Dendrocalamusstrictus Bans Poaceae 10 Eucalyptus citriodora Safeda Myrtaceae 11 Ficusreligiosa Peepal Moraceae 12 Ficus bengalensis Banyan tree Moraceae 13 Ficus retusa Fig Moraceae 14 Gravillearobusta Silver oak Proteaceae 15 Morusmacroura Shahtoot Moraceae 16 Populus alba Poplar Salicaceae 17 Terminaliaarjuna Arjun Combretaceae

Table 3.16: List of under growth plants

S. No. Plant species Common name Family 1 Bougainvillea glabra Paper Flower Nyctaginaceae


2 Cannabis sativa Bhang grass Cannabaceae 3 Durantaerecta Pigeon Berry/Skyflower Verbenaceae 4 Lantana indica Kuri Verbenaceae 5 Partheniumhysterophorus Gajarghass Compositae 6 Ricinuscommunis Arand/Arandi Euphorbiaceae7 Saccharumbengalense Sarkanda/MunjSweetcane Poaceae 8 Tylophoraasthmatica Khad/Khas grass Poaceae

Table 3.17: List of fruit trees

S. No. Plant species Vernacular/Common name Family 1 Embelicaofficinalis Amla Phyllanthaceae 2 Mangiferaindica Mango Anacardiaceae 3 Psidiumguajava Guava/Amrood Myrtaceae 4 Syzgiumnervosum Wild Jamun Myrtaceae

3.9.3 Existing status of Fauna in the area:

The faunal survey was also carried out in the project area. Overall, 12 naturally occurring and introduced animal and avian species belonging to 9 families have been recorded. The fauna was dominated by seasonal butterflies and variety of honey bees. Phasianidae and Columbidae were the most dominant families. The list of Faunal members in the Study Area are as provided in Table 3.18

Table 3.18: List of Faunal members of the project area

S. No. Plant species Common name Family 1 Melanerpesformicivorus Acorn woodpecker Picidae 2 Ectopistesmigratorius Pigeon Columbidae 3 ZenaidaZenaida Dove Columbidae 4 Meleagrisgallopavo Wild turkey Phasianidae 5 Rattusnorvegicus Brown rat Muridae 6 Hystrixindicus Indian Porcupine/Sehi Hystricidae 7 Helogaleparvula Mongoose Herpestidae 8 Sus scrofa Wild boar Suidae 9 Seasonal butterflies 10 Variety of honey bees

There are no ecologically sensitive areas like National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries, Tiger Reserves, Elephant Reserves, Turtle Nesting Ground and Core Zone Biosphere Reserve within the 10 km radius of the proposed project site. Though the area executes good floral diversity, there were no reports of any species falling in endangered category.


3.10 Socio-Economic Environment Introduction Socio-economic assessment is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any industrial project. It is conducted to develop the sustainability strategy for the area, where the industrial project would be executed. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10 km radius area for the IOCL Bottling plant project and analyses the baseline status as well as assess the social impacts of the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the anticipated adverse impacts of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into economy, demography, education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area. Project Location The proposed expansion project i.e. M/s Indane Bottling Plant of IOCL is located near the Village: BadeharNichla Tehsil: Una, District: Una in Himachal Pradesh. Socio-Economic Details Of Study Area The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District Statistical Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 km radius area from the project site is spread over the tehsils of Una and Haroli in Una district of Himachal Pradesh and Nangal tehsil of Rupnagar district of Punjab. The demographic profile, infrastructure facilities and socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the following section. Methodology The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected and collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website, District Statistical Abstract etc.

Table 3.19: Demography of Una &Rupnagar Districts Demographic Attributes Una District RupnagarDistrct 1. Area 1,549 sq. km. 1,356 sq. km. 2. Population 521,173 684,627 3. Decadal Growth rate 16.24 % 8.9% 4. Male population 263,692 3,57,485 5. Female population 257,481 3,27,142 6. Density of population (persons per km2.) 338 505 7. Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 977 915 8. Literacy 87.23 % 82.19% 9. Male literacy 92.75 % 87.50% 10. Female literacy 81.67 % 76.42% 11. Urban Population 8.62 % 25.97%


Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011 Demographic Profile of the Study Area The study area (10 KM radius of the project site) falls in 2 Districts comprising of 3 tehsils in the state of Himachal Pradesh & Punjab. There are totally 258 villages falling under these three tehsils. In addition, there are 4 towns that fall under the study area. District, Tehsil viz village & town breakup is shown in the Table 3.20

Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area State District Taluk Total Villages Total Towns Himachal Pradesh

Una Una 140 3 Haroli 59 0

Punjab Rupnagar Nangal 59 1 Total 258 4

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011 Total Population The total population of these the study area per Census of 2011 is 395,083. The percentages of male, female population and sex ratio are 51%, 49% and 1000 (Males): 957 (females) respectively. There are about 54,008households in the study area. The average family size is about 5 persons per house. The sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex ratio of the Una district (977) and the state (972). Tehsil viz Population and Sex Ratio is shown in the Table 3.21

Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area S.No.

Study Area Total Population

Total Families Total

Males Total Females

Sex Ratio

Children (Age 0-6)

1. Una 190,082 39,901 97,066 93,016 958 21,277 2. Haroli 71,416 14,107 36,308 35,108 967 3. Nangal 133,585 27,754 68,598 64,987 947 13,950

Grand Total 395,083 54,008 201,972 193,111 957

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011 Population (Towns) There are 4 towns that falls under the study area. These are Una Municipal Council, Santokhgarh Nagar Panchayat&MehatpurBasdehra Nagar Panchayat in Una District and Nangal Municipal Council in Rupnagar District. The total population of these towns is 85,800. The percentages of male, female population and sex ratio are 52%, 48% and 1000 (Males): 897 (females) respectively. There are about 18,877households in the study area. The average family size is about 5 persons per house. The low sex ratio in the urban towns of the study can be linked to the presence of male migrant labourers from other parts of state.Townviz Population and Sex Ratio is shown in the Table 3.22


Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area S.No.

Towns Total Population

Total Families

Total Males

Total Females

Sex Ratio

1. Una 18,722 4,226 9,851 8,871 901 2. Santokhgarh 9,363 1,901 4,789 4,574 955 3. MehatpurBasdehra 9,218 2,012 4,942 4,276 865 4. Nangal 48,497 10,738 25,317 23,180 865 Grand Total 85,800 18,877 44,899 40,901 897

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011 Vulnerable Population The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 19.39% and the Schedule Tribe (ST) population is 0.86% of the total population of study area. Out of the tehsils, Nangal surprisingly does not have any ST population; however in other tehsils also ST population is negligible. SC and ST population break-up Tehsil viz is shown in the Table 3.23

Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area

Total Population

Total SC Population

% SC Population

Total ST Population

% ST Population

Una 190,082 35,250 18.54 594 0.31 Haroli 71,416 13,335 18.67 2,804 3.93 Nangal 133,585 28,020 20.98 0 0.00

Grand Total 395,083 76,605 19.39 3,398 0.86

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011 Literacy The total number of literates within the study area is 299,532 (84.87%). The percentage of male and female literacy to the total literate population is 90.40% and 79.24%, respectively. . The literacy rate is considerably higher in male population as compared to female population. Tehsil viz literacy break-up is shown in the Table 3.24

Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area

Total Literates

% Literates

Total Male Literates

% Male Literates

Total Female Literates

% Female Literates

Una 145,027 85.91 78,114 91.09 66,913 80.57 Haroli 52,644 83.55 28,908 89.62 23,736 77.61 Nangal 101,861 85.14 55,355 90.49 46,506 79.55

Grand Total 299,532 84.87 162,377 90.40 137,155 79.24

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011


Urban/Rural Population As per Census 2011, there are total 10,738 families under Nangal Tehsil living in urban areas while 10,738 families are living within Rural areas. Thus around 36.3% of total population of Nangal Tehsil lives in Urban areas while 63.7% lives under Rural areas.

Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area

Total Population

Rural population

% Rural Population

Urban Population

% Urban Population

Una 190,082 152,779 80.4 37,303 19.6 Haroli 71,416 71,416 100 0 0.00 Nangal 133,585 85,088 63.7 48,497 36.3

Grand Total 395,083 309,283 81.36 85,800 18.64

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011 Economic Activity As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is more than one lakh and 40 thousand which constitutes 38.06% of the total population of the study area. The workers comprise more than one lakh main workers and thirty seven thousand marginal workers. Main workers1 constitute 74.36% percent of the total workers. The remaining 25.64% are marginal workers2. Among the main workers, male workers are more as compared to the female workers. Majority of female workers working are also from rural areas, as they are employed in farm sector. This is also more than that of male workers, which may be due to their being employed predominantly in activities like cultivation and agricultural labour. In the urban areas, majority of female workers are engaged in Households industry and other work.

Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area

Total workers

Main workers

Marginal workers

Non workers

Work participation rate

Una 72,351 52,766 19,585 117,731 38.06 Haroli 27,160 17,339 9,821 44,256 38.03 Nangal 44,860 37,250 7,610 88,725 33.58 Grand Total 144,371 107,355 37,016 250,712 36.54

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011

1Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.

2Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year, i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).


Occupational structure The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. The Main workers are classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four categories: 1. Cultivators 2. Agricultural Labourers 3. Household Industry Workers 4. Other Workers Of the total main workers in the study area, about 70% is engaged in the other workers category. The type of workers that come under this category of 'Other Worker' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'.

Table 3.28: Distribution of Main workers by category

Main Workers

Main Workers Cultivators Agricultural

Labourers Household Industry

Others

Una 52,766 11,204 2,868 910 37,784 Haroli 17,339 6,074 1,184 218 9,863 Nangal 37,250 5,818 2,388 1,053 27,991 Grand Total 107,355 23,096 6,440 2,181 75,638

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011 After other workers category, cultivators (22%) and agricultural labour (6%) together constitute 28% of the total main workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has only absorbed 28% of the main workers. Only 2% of workers in the study area are engaged in the household industry. Surprisingly, in the other workers category, more than 60% percent of the total main workers in other category are rural in nature whereas only 40% are urban in nature. Thus it reflects that the opportunities for other category workers are also available in rural areas of study area as compared to the urban areas.

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CHAPTER 4.ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study several impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive and negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of LPG mounded bullets within the existing LPG BP Una. The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are the ones that are caused directly due to the project activity on environmental attributes, whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced. The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes. The proposed project activities would impart impact on the environment in two distinct phases:

During construction phase - Temporary or short term impact During operation phase - May have long term impact

4.2 Impact Assessment

4.2.1 During Construction Phase Land/Soil Environment During site preparation, excavation will be done at places in the project site where sheds, Mounded Storage bullets and the approach road will be constructed. This is required to provide solid base/foundations for structures & roads.

Improper disposal of the excavated earth during installation of storage tanks/structures may result into temporary loss of topsoil productivity of that particular area.

Storage of construction material/chemicals (if any) if not done at designated place can cause nuisance and hazards

Accidental spillage of Hazardous chemicals/oil during handling may lead to soil contamination

Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction phase by workers working at site

Filth generation if dry waste/garbage generated during construction period is not handling efficiently

Air Environment The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to

excavation of soil, leveling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction equipments/vehicles, site clearing and other activities


This type of fugitive dust is expected to result in change in the baseline air quality specifically during the construction phase

If burning of solid wastes is required it may cause air pollution

Noise Environment The proposed project will lead to emission of noise that may have significant impact on the surrounding communities in terms of increase in noise levels and associated disturbances. Following activities would result in increase in noise level;

Noise generated from operation of pumps and blower Noise generated from vehicular movement Noise generated from DG Set Nuisance to nearby areas due to noise polluting work at night

Water Environment

Increased water demand during construction phase for site preparation, dust spraying, construction activities, curing, domestic and other water requirements for labour and staff onsite

Increase in site runoff and sedimentation Stagnant water and unsanitary conditions may cause mosquito breeding at site

Socio-Economic Environment

The proposed project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for the construction of LPG Bottling Plant.

Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities. A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local

community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials, repair outlets, hardware stores garrages etc.

Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training skills like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;

There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure on key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.

The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and noise due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.

The construction activity could also lead to water stagnation at pockets which may lead to breeding of mosquito and related health impacts.

4.2.2 During Operation Phase Land/Soil Environment Soil quality may be affected by accidental leakage and spillage of hazardous chemicals/oils

during handling


Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during operation of the proposed project

Air Environment No emission is envisaged during the storage and handling of LPG in mounded bullets No fugitive emission during loading and unloading of LPG in and from mounded bullets is

envisaged Impacts on ambient air during operation phase would be due to emissions from operation of

DG sets only during power outages.

Noise Environment Impact of noise due to vehicular traffic Noise generated due to DG set

Water Environment

Stress on existing water supply Generation of waste water & domestic effluent Increased run off from site


Project and associated construction of LPG Bottling Plant will eventually lead to permanent job opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is likely to be increased demand for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.

Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the plant which could benefit the local population

4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures 4.3.1 During Construction Phase Land/Soil Environment

Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site

Bituminous materials / other chemicals, if any, shall not be allowed to leach into the soil Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed Waste oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved by

HPPCB Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipments deployed All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and

disposal to the authorized dealers The solid waste generation due to workers working at site will be segregated and will be

transported and disposed of to waste disposal facility


Chemicals/Paints etc. used during construction phase will be stored safely Air

Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission Standards3

Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by HPPCB

Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic arrangement for smooth traffic flow

Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2

Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along unpaved sections of access roads

Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/ green cover

However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to be confined within the limited area. Noise

No noise polluting work in night shifts Acoustic enclosures for DG Sets will be provided as per CPCB guidelines Pumps – Enclosure in acoustic screen, allowing for engine cooling and exhaust, use of anti-

vibration mounting, flexible couplings of hoses, maintaining adequate inlet pressure Provision of Intake mufflers, unidirectional fan for Cooling and enclosures for electrical

motors Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase shall comply with the

CPCB noise standards4 Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to

daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.) Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any

unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them

4http://CPCB.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf


Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy equipment/ pumps/ blowers

Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.

Water

Water Avoidance of wastage of curing water Use of tanker water for construction activity. Provision of temporary toilets for labour Wastewater generated will be recycled/reused duringoperation of the LPG Plant


Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible. Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education,

transportation etc. for the construction workers. Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet,

shoes, goggles, gloves, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees. Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase of

the industry. The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and

thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations. The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during

specific complaints etc. Medical Aid as per Factory Act and Panel doctor facility will be provided to the workers.

Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage.

4.3.2 During Operation Phase Land/Soil Environment

Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and

disposal to the authorized dealer by HPPCB The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily and

then sent to waste management facility Air

Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission Standards5

5http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf


Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB

Stack height of DG sets shall be as per norms of CPCB to allow effective dispersion of pollutants

Storage facilities shall be equipped with leak detection systems Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic

arrangement for smooth traffic flow Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/

green cover Noise

Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.

Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer. Water

Waste water generated from cylinder washing shall be recycled /resuedafter sedimentation.

Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and hardscape area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit

Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of storm water drainage.


Both skilled and unskilled local person shall be given preference for the jobs in the operation and maintenance of the plant.

4.4 Impact Matrix The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of project. Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect relationships but it is also useful for communicating results. Matrix method incorporates a list of impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts, presented in a matrix format. Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix allows the identification of cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and impacts. The impact matrix for the actions identified in Table 4.1 along with various environmental parameters. A rating scale has been devised to give severity of impacts in the following manner. A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term

5http://cpcb.nic.in/Vehicular_Exhaust.php


B. Low beneficial impact – Short term C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term E. No impacts on environment

Table 4.1: Impact Matrix

S.N. Activity Positive Impact Negative Impact

No Impact

Short Term

Long Term

Short Term

Long Term

Pre-Project Activity 1 Displacement and resettlement of

local people √

2 Change in land use √ 3 Loss of trees/vegetation √ 4 Shifting of equipment, machinery

and material √

5 Employment for local people √ Construction Phase

1 Pressure on infrastructure and transportation system

√

2 Impact on air quality including dust generation

√

3 Noise Pollution √ 4 Traffic √ 5 Impact on the land/soil

environment √

6 Impact on groundwater √ 7 Stacking and disposal of

construction material √

8 Impact on water quality √ 9 Health and safety conditions of

people √

10 Social impact √ 11 Economic impact √

Operation Phase 1 Increase in air pollution and noise

levels √

2 Water harvesting and recharge √ 3 Disposal of solid waste √ 4 Infrastructure development √


5 Quality of life √ 6 Handling operations for transfer,

charging of raw materials, final product

√


4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures Impacting Activity Potential Impact

Mitigation Measures Environment/ Social Attribute

Compliance/ Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines Environment/

Social Attribute Source

Contaminants Environment Health and Safety

Construction Phase

Construction Workers

Generation of sewage, organic wastes, construction debris etc.

Possible contamination of project site and nearby water bodies

Potential risk of respiratory irritation, discomfort, or illness to workers

Local workers will be employed, as far as possible.

Proper sanitation facilities will be provided for the workers

There are no temporary shelters provided because local workers will be engaged

--

Air Emissions Dust and air emission particularly due to the excavation, construction and movement of vehicles resulting in air pollution

Rise in RSPM level at project site

Potential risk of respiratory irritation, discomfort, or illness to workers

Barricading sheets shall be provided

Provision of spraying water to reduce dust emission

Excavated topsoil to be preserved and reused for landscaping

Ensuring all vehicles, generators and compressors are shall be maintained and regularly serviced

CPCB - National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Noise Generation Construction noise mainly due to excavation, Moving of vehicles, operations of cranes etc.

Rise in decibel level of ambient noise

Unwanted sound can cause problems within the body. Excessive noise pollution in working areas at construction sites can influence psychological health viz. occurrence of aggressive behaviour,

The vehicles used will be with the proper acoustic measures

Wherever this cannot be achieved the area will be earmarked as high noise level area requiring use of ear protection gadgets

Avoid night time work

CPCB - Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules


Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures

Environment/ Social Attribute





disturbance of sleep, constant stress, fatigue and hypertension. Hampered sleeping pattern and may lead to irritation and uncomfortable situations.

Soil and Groundwater Contamination

Spillage of concrete mixture containing additives and plasticizers.

Spillage of construction material containing heavy metals, paints, coatings, liners, etc.

Leaking or empty drums will be handled as per environment management plan

Special care will be taken during deliveries of construction materials, especially when fuels and hazardous materials are being handled

Ensure that workers know what to do in the event of a spillage

Operation Phase

Air Emissions Release of emission from the DG Sets in case of power failure and operation of fire Engine in case of fire drill or emergency

Negligible Impact

Negligible Impact

The DG sets are provided with Stack Height per CPCB guidelines above roof level.

Wastewater Domestic waste water arising from Restroom and

Negligible Impact

Negligible Impact STP has been provided for domestic sewage.


Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures

Environment/ Social Attribute





Canteen Hazardous Materials, Fire and Explosion

Risk of fire and explosions due to the flammable and combustible nature of petroleum products.

Risk of leaks and accidental releases from equipment, tanks, pipes etc during loading and unloading (handling)

Potential risk of loss of life or injury due to fire

Storage equipment should meet standards for structural design and integrity. .

OISD-STD 144 - Fire Protection

Facilities for LPG Bottling Plant.

Hazardous Waste No Hazardous Waste except used lubricating Oil

Same to be Stored in barrels

Being stored in designated place on Concrete platform

To be disposed to HPPCB accredited vendors


The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 4.3. Table 4.3: Overall Matrix

4.6 Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed project activity at Una, Himachal Pradesh shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features, water, noise and air environment. The proposed project shall generate additional indirect employment and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic up-liftmen of the local area as well as the state.


CHAPTER 5: PROJECT BENEFITS

5.1 Project Benefits

The Proposed project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which is as mentioned below:

Expansion will be carried out within existing premises; hence no displacement of people is required

Substantial Socio-economic benefits

Good Techno-commercial viability

Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available from local population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction phase.

Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project

Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals

Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to the project.

5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure

The project will improve supply position of LPG in Himachal Pradesh State.

Maintain continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through distributors.

Increase the days cover for LPG storage.

Safety measures for hazard detection and prevention system will be upgraded as per OISD-144/OISD-150.

By adding 2x600 MT Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the existing plant will not be enhanced.

Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood and fossil fuels.

Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure

IOCL Una LPG Plant shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system etc.


5.4 Employment Potential

The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction activities.

The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development

IOCLnot only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will employ semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed project as far as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase. The Project Proponents will contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in and will carry out various activities in nearby villages.

Moreover, unit has planned to carry out various activities for the up-liftment of poor people, welfare of women and labors, education of poor students as part of CSR in the nearby villages and therefore , during and after proposed project, unit will spent more than that required by statutory norms every year towards CSR activities. The various CSR activates planned at present by the unit is described below;

Plantation along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt on government barren land/common plots

Education aids and scholarship to poor students

Organize medical camp and providing support for the development and maintenance of the health facilities

Financial support and assistance for the development and maintenance of the infrastructure facilities

Participate and contribute in local social programs

Organize various types of training program for the community like training on scientific agricultural practices, educational training, (training for tailoring, embroidery), etc. which ultimately helpful for income generation

Organize various types of awareness program for the community like awareness on the child labor, educational promotion etc.


The activities listed above are not limited to and IOCL will plan and perform other activities according to the need of local community in future. The utilization of this fund in various areas with time bound action plan will be decided based on the requirement of the local community.

5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer

This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of excise duty, income tax, state sales tax or VAT, tax for interstate movement, corporate taxes etc. Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area.

5.7 Other Tangible Benefits

Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are described above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like

Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding

Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting

Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity

Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.

Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living

Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order

Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective


CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATES

6.1 Alternative Technology

The project proposal relates to installation of 02 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT capacity each for storage of LPG.

IOCL has mastered the art and technology of installation of Mounded Bullets.

The LPG department of Marketing Division of IOCL has earned a good credential for installation of Mounded Bullets.

The above expertise of IOCL is well proven and working efficiently at different locations of the country including North-Eastern states without fail.

IOCL is having excellent track record and progressive outlook in regularly updating its technology. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of Mounded Bullets for storage of LPG is a fail-safe.

6.2 Alternative Site

The proposed Augmentation is within the existing premises at atMehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradeshwhich was commissioned on 27th Dec 2003. Theplant is spread over 32.56 acre of land and hence no alternative site has been analyzed.


CHAPTER 7.ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public Consultation This section shall be updated upon completion of Public Consultation. 7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment 7.2.1 Methodology Methodology adopted for risk assessment of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is as per following principle steps;

1. Hazard Identification – Identify types of hazards which have the potential to cause harm to the fatalities such as hydrocarbon releases.

2. Development of accident events – For the purposes of modeling, each hazard identified is further divided into scenarios or events e.g. Leaks, ruptures etc.;

3. Frequency Analysis – The frequency of occurrence (i.e. likelihood of occurrence within a given period) of each accidental event occurring is estimated from historical data such as OGP Risk Assessment Data Directory, Process Release Frequencies, Report no. 434-1 and 434-3, March 2010.

4. Consequence Modeling – The consequences (i.e. extent) arising from realization of these accidental events such as Jet Fires, Explosions are calculated based on various models;

5. Risk Analysis – Based on the fatalities arising from the consequences and the frequency determined for an accidental event, the risk from the hazard is determined in terms of individual risk;

6. Risk Summation – Risks associated with these accidental events are integrated to quantify the risk levels at the facility;

7. Benchmarking – The risks are benchmarked against Risk Acceptance Criteria to arrive at the list of events associated with “unacceptable” and “acceptable” risks;

8. Risk Ranking – The dominant risk contributors in terms of their risk level from various accidental events are summarized.

7.2.2 QRA Approach Result Interpretation

The techniques used for risk prediction within the QRA have inherent uncertainties associated with them due to the necessary simplifications required. In addition, QRA incorporates a certain amount of subjective engineering judgment and the results are subjected to levels of uncertainty. For this reason, the results should not be used as the sole basis for decision making and should not drive deviations from sound engineering practice. The results should be used as a tool to aid engineering judgment and, if used in this way, can provide valuable information during the decision making process.


The QRA results are dependent on the assumptions made in the calculations, which are clearly documented throughout the following sections of this report. Conservative assumptions have been used, which helps to remove the requirement for detailed analysis of the uncertainty. The results show the significant contributions to the overall risk and indicate where worthwhile gains may be achieved if further enhancement of safety is deemed necessary. Risk Criteria PNGRB risk tolerability criterion in terms of Individual Risk (IR) is defined in the Section 61 of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 (19 of 2006),Guidelines for preparation of ERDMP, which is also applicable to IOCL facilities. The maximum tolerable IR is 1.0 x 10-3 per year, whilst an IR of 1.0 x 10-6 per year is regarded as broadly acceptable. An IR falling between these values is within the ALARP region of risk acceptability and must be demonstrated to be as low as reasonably practicable. These criteria are given here below –

Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria

The assessment and control of risk are essential requirements for a proactive HSE management system. In order to make a valued judgment and to decide on what risks are acceptable, an easily understood set of criteria should be set and followed rigorously. Risk criteria are required to promote consistency in evaluating the results of relevant studies and to formulate a proactive approach to incident prevention. The following sections sets out the basis for selecting the risk acceptance criteria and explains some of the techniques used to arrive at the quantitative assessments made to understand the risk levels.

IRPA

10-3/yr

10-4/yr

10-5/yr

10-6/yr

Intolerable

The ALARP or Tolerableregion (Risk is tolerated only)

Broadly Acceptable region(no need for detailed working todemonstrate ALARP)

Fundamental improvements needed.Only to be considered if there are no

alternatives and people are well informed

Too high, significant effort required toimprove

High, investigate alternatives

Low, consider cost-effective alternatives

Negligible, maintain normal precautions


Risk Risk is defined as the probability that within a fixed time period, usually one year, an unwanted effect occurs. Consequently, risk is a dimensionless number. However, risk is often expressed in units of frequency, ‘per year’. Since failure frequencies are low, the probability that an unwanted effect will occur within a fixed time period of one year is, practically speaking, equal to the frequency of occurrence per year. Risk is the unwanted consequences of an activity connected with the probability of occurrence. Individual Risk Criteria (IR) The tolerable risk level lies between the acceptable and unacceptable levels in which ALARP must be demonstrated. Once a specific hazard is demonstrated by analysis to result in acceptable risk there is no requirement, other than following normal precautions and SOPs defined by company and statutes. Workers would include IOCL employees and contractors. The public includes the general public, visitors and any third party who is not directly involved in the IOCL work activities. The tolerability criteria above should not be misinterpreted as the number of fatalities that IOCL is prepared to accept in conducting operations. They must be used only in QRA context as a statistical probability that equipment, systems and procedures fail and result in fatalities. Presentation of Risk Results Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR) LSIR measures and expresses the risk exposure of personnel who are continuously present in a particular area for the entire year (24x7x365). The risk exposure is calculated for all relevant hazards and summed to give the overall risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una. In the fatality estimation, the consequences of each outcome due to a loss of containment are represented by the probability of death for personnel continuously present in a particular area of the plant when the event occurs. The LSIR can therefore be represented as: LSIR = Σ (End event outcome frequency x Probability of fatality in area) Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA) IRPA takes into account the amount of time personnel spend at the plant and is defined as the probability of an individual being killed by the accident scenario per unit time. IRPA from process events is determined as follows: IRPA = Σ (LSIR x Probability of personnel in area) x Presence factor The presence factor is the actual time spent at the plant in a year. Potential Loss of Life (PLL) The PLL is a measure of risk to a group of personnel as a whole and is an average rate of fatalities at the plant. The PLL can be established using the following equation – PLL = Σ (IRPA) x Number of personnel in worker group


7.2.3 Hazard Identification A substance or circumstance which may cause injury or damage due to being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, or otherwise harmful is defined as hazard. Hazards associated with storage tanks As per UK HSE’s guideline HSG176, the main hazards associated with the storage and handling of flammable liquids are fire and explosion, involving either the liquid or the vapour given off from it. Fires and explosions are likely to occur when vapour or liquid is released accidentally or deliberately into areas where there may be an ignition source, or when an ignition source is introduced into an area where there may be flammable atmospheres. Common causes of such incidents include,

1. Inadequate design and installation of equipment; 2. Inadequate inspection and maintenance; 3. Failure or malfunction of equipment; 4. Lack of awareness of the properties of flammable liquids; 5. Operator error, due to lack of training; 6. Exposure to heat from a nearby fire; 7. Inadequate control of ignition sources; 8. Electrostatic discharges; 9. Heating materials above their auto-ignition temperature; 10. Dismantling or disposing of equipment containing flammable liquids;

Hot work on or close to flammable liquid vessels Hazard Categories In order to identify hazards posed by the facility, it is very important to identify the type of hazards posed by the materials being handled. IOCL handles and stores LPG. All these are flammable and pose fire and burn risk. As there is no toxic material being handled at MOT, there is no toxic risk envisaged Hazardous Properties Combustion of liquids occurs when flammable vapours released from the surface of the liquid ignite. The amount of flammable vapour given off from a liquid, and therefore the extent of the fire or explosion hazard, depends largely on the temperature of the liquid, how much of the surface area is exposed, how long it is exposed for, and the air movement over the surface. The hazard also depends on the physical properties of the liquid such as flashpoint, auto-ignition temperature, viscosity, and the upper and lower explosion limits. These are the various materials are stored in tanks & have been taken into Quantitative Risk Assessment.

Properties LPG HSD Flash Point(°C) < -60 > 35°C


LFL 1.8 % (V) 0.4 % UFL 8.5 % (V) 5 %

Volatility

Vapour Pressure 2.007 at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F)

0.5 mm of Hg

Boiling point (°C) -0.5 (31.1 °F) at 1,013.25

hPa 110 °C to375°C

Relative density of gas or vapourto air

2 to 3 3 to 5

Physical State Gas Liquid Auto Ignition temp(°C) 287°C 230°Cto250°C

Scenarios Considering hazardous properties and facility, following scenarios have been considered for consequence and risk assessment – As per OGP – Risk Assessment Directory, for each of scenario four leak sizes are considered for release from Piping,

1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm) 2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm) 3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm) 4. Full Bore Rupture (FBR)

In case of release from storage, following leak sizes are considered: 1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm) 2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm) 3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm) 4. Catastrophic Rupture

Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios

SN Section Number Section Description

1 IS-01 Piping from LPG Bullets to suction of compressors

2 IS-02 Piping from discharge of compressors to vapour arm

3 IS-03 Piping from liquid Loading & unloading arm to inlet

of LPG Bullets

4 IS-04 Piping from outlet of LPG Bullets to suction of LPG

filling pumps

5 IS-05 Piping from discharge of LPG filling pumps to filling

hall (LPG Cylinder filling operation)


SN Section Number Section Description

6 IS-06 Piping from LPG Bullets to suction of LPG tanker

loading pump

7 IS-07 Piping from discharge of LPG tanker loading pump

to LPG tanker loading arm

8 IS-08 600 MT Mounded Bullet - 1





13 IS-13 Diesel Tank 20KL

14 IS-14 Diesel Tank Transfer pump

Climatic Conditions Meteorological Data The consequences of released flammable material are largely dependent on the prevailing weather conditions. For the assessment of major scenarios involving release of flammable material, the most important meteorological parameters are those that affect the atmospheric dispersion of the escaping material. The crucial variables are wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric stability and temperature. Rainfall does not have any direct bearing on the results of the risk analysis; however, it can have beneficial effects by absorption / washout of released materials. Actual behavior of any release would largely depend on prevailing weather condition at the time of release. Atmospheric Stability Classes The tendency of the atmosphere to resist or enhance vertical motion and thus turbulence is termed as stability. Stability is related to both the change of temperature with height (the lapse rate) driven by the boundary layer energy budget, and wind speed together with surface characteristics (roughness) A neutral atmosphere neither enhances nor inhibits mechanical turbulence. An unstable atmosphere enhances turbulence, whereas a stable atmosphere inhibits mechanical turbulence. Stability classes are defined for different meteorological situations, characterised by wind speed and solar radiation (during the day) and cloud cover during the night. The so called Pasquill-Turner stability classes dispersion estimates include six (6) stability classes as below: A – Very Unstable B – Unstable C – Slightly Unstable D – Neutral E – Stable F – Very Stable


The typical stability classes for various wind speed and radiation levels during entire day are presented in table below:

Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes

Wind Speed (m/s)

Day : Solar Radiation Night : cloud Cover

Strong Moderate Slight Think <

40% Moderate

Overcast > 80%

<2 A A-B B - - D

2-3 A-B B C E F D

3-5 B B-C C D E D

5-6 C C-D D D D D

>6 C D D D D D

The wind speed and Pasquill Stability class data used for the study is summarized below: Wind Speed Stability class

2m/s F 5 m/s D

7.2.4 Events and Ignition Probability Event Tree PHAST has an in-built event tree for determining the outcomes which are based on two types of releases namely continuous and instantaneous. Leaks are considered to be continuous releases whereas, ruptures are considered to be instantaneous releases. The event tree takes in to account factors affecting consequence of a release such as;

1. Material properties such as a. Flammability / toxicity b. Flash point c. Phase of material d. Density of material

2. Ambient conditions 3. Availability of Immediate / Delayed ignition

Based on these the event trees used in PHAST Risk are given here below –


Figure7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software)

7.2.5 Consequential Events Jet Fire A jet fire occurs following the ignition and combustion of pressurized flammable fluid continuously released from a pipe or orifice, which burns close to its release plane. The high heat intensity poses a hazard to personnel and causes damage to unprotected equipment due to direct flame impingement, causing it to fail within several minutes. Jet flames dissipate thermal radiation, away from the flame’s visible boundaries and transmit heat energy that could be hazardous to life and property. Pool Fire The released flammable material which is a liquid stored below its normal boiling point, will collect in a pool. The geometry of the pool will be dictated by the surroundings. If the liquid is stored under pressure above its normal boiling point, then a fraction of the liquid will flash into vapour and the remaining portion will form a pool in the vicinity of the release point. Once


sustained combustion is achieved, liquid fires quickly reach steady state burning. The heat release rate is a function of the liquid surface area exposed to air. An unconfined spill will tend to have thin fuel depth (typically less than 5 mm) which will result in slower burning rates. A confined spill is limited by the boundaries (e.g. a dyke area) and the depth of the resulting pool is greater than that for an unconfined spill. Pool fires are less directional and so may affect a larger area although it is mostly influenced by wind conditions. They will also cause structural failure of equipment although the time taken is longer than jet fires. Flammable Gas Dispersion / Flash Fire Flash Fire occurs when a vapour cloud of flammable material burns. The cloud is typically ignited on the edge and burns towards the release point. The duration of flash fire is very short (seconds), but it may continue as Jet fire if the release continues. The overpressures generated by the combustion are not considered significant in terms of damage potential to persons, equipment or structures. The major hazard from flash fire is direct flame impingement. Typically, the burn zone is defined as the area the vapour cloud covers out to the LFL. Even where the concentration may be above the UFL, turbulent induced combustion mixes the material with air and results in flash fire. Ignition Probability There are 2 main types of ignitions, namely:

1. Immediate ignition — Ignition following rapidly after the release is initiated, prior to personnel being able to escape from the area; and

2. Delayed ignition — Gas cloud drifting over an ignition source and depending on the ignition delay, personnel may be able to escape before fire or explosion occurs.

PHAST has systematic approach for deciding ignition probabilities depending upon type of release, phase of material released, reactivity and release rate. These have been used for the purpose of the study.

Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST. Type and Size of Release Type of Material Released

Continuous Instantaneous

K0 K1 K2 K3 K4Gas; liquid: Tfl< 0oC liquid: liquid: liquid: liquid

Reactivity: Reactivity:Tfl< 21oC

Tfl< 55oC

Tfl< 100oC

Tfl> 100oC

High, Average, Unknown

Low

< 10 kg/s < 1000 kg 0.2 0.02 0.065 0.01 0 0

10 - 100 kg/s 1000 - 10,000

kg 0.5 0.04 0.065 0.01 0 0

> 100 kg/s > 10,000 kg 0.7 0.09 0.065 0.01 0 0


7.2.6 Consequence Analysis Consequence analysis is carried out to determine the extent of spread (dispersion) by accidental release which may lead to jet fire or explosion resulting into generating heat radiation, overpressures, explosion impact etc. Modes of failure Leak and tank on fire are two types of scenarios considered in the study. Tank on fire is applicable only to floating roof tank. For leak scenario, the leak sizes considered are as under,

Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered Leak Sizes

Leak Description

Representative Hole Diameter

Remarks

Small (0 – 10 mm)

5 mm Represents leaks from flange joints and pump seals.

Medium (10 – 50 mm)

25 mm Represents release due to failure of small bore piping (instrument tapping, drain connection etc.).

Large (50 – 150 mm)

100 mm Represents release due to failure of large section of equipment or piping (e.g. damage due to external impact, failure of flexible pipe/ hose).

Rupture >150mm Represents release due to failure of large section of equipment or piping equivalent to its rupture / full bore release.

Above leak sizes are taken from Centre of Chemical Process Safety(CCPS) AIChE CCPS QRA guidelines, chapter 2 – Consequence analysis, also mentions about leak duration. It says that the Department of Transportation (1980) LNG Federal Safety Standards specified 10-min leak duration; other studies (Rijnmond Public Authority, 1982) have used 3 min if there is a leak detection system combined with remotely actuated isolation valves. Other analysts use a shorter duration. Actual release duration may depend on the detection and reaction time for automatic isolation devices and response time of the operators for manual isolation. The rate of valve closure in longer pipes can influence the response time. Due to the water hammer effect, designers may limit the rate of closure in liquid pipelines. Considering this and isolated facility of IOCL, we have considered 10min discharge duration as a conservative approach.Impact CriteriaAn impact criterion relates the modeling of the hazard effects to the resultant consequences to personnel and asset, and determines the nature and detail of results required from the simulation. The impact criteria for personnel and equipment on IOCL are summarised in the following sub-sections. Personnel Following table defines the impact of thermal radiation on personnel. The thermal radiation levels listed includes solar radiation of 1 kW/m2.


Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel

Thermal Radiation Effect Description

1.6 kW/m2 Maximum radiant heat intensity at any location where personnel with appropriate clothing can be continuously exposed.

4 kW/m2 Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency actions lasting 2 to 3 minutes can be required by personnel without shielding but with appropriate clothing.

12.5 kW/m2 Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency actions lasting up to 30 seconds can be required by personnel without shielding but with appropriate clothing.

37.5 kW/m2 Limiting thermal radiation intensity for escape actions lasting a few seconds. Significant chance of fatality for extended exposure.

Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment

Thermal Radiation Effect Description 4 kW/m2 Glass breakage (30 minute exposure)

12.5 to 15 kW/m2 Piloted ignition of wood, melting of plastic (>30 minute exposure)

18 to 20 kW/m2 Cable insulation degrades (>30 minute exposure) 10 or 20 kW/m2 Ignition of fuel oil (120 or 40 seconds, respectively)

25 to 32 kW/m2 Unpiloted ignition of wood, steel deformation (>30 minute exposure)

35 to 37.5 kW/m2 Process equipment and structural damage (including storage tanks) (>30 minute exposure)

100 kW/m2 Steel structure collapse (>30 minute exposure)

The damage effects are different for different scenarios considered. In order to appreciate the damage effects produced by various scenarios, it will be appropriate to discuss the physiological/ physical effects of the accidental loss of containment event. Initial Release Rates A release at the tank farm may be modeled using a representative hole size or by fixing the release rate for a given scenario. In this assessment, the former method was used as the hole size is a major factor in influencing the characteristics of a release and determines the initial hydrocarbon mass release rate as well as release duration. Based on the hole sizes, material properties and operating / storage conditions, the corresponding initial release rates for fire modeling are obtained from PHAST.


Liquid flash rates were used for dispersion in case of releases as there is no gaseous material being handled. The release rate decreases with time as the equipment depressurizes. This reduction depends mainly on the inventory and the action taken to isolate the leak and blow-down the equipment. Flammable Gas Dispersion The significance of these distances is that the cloud will ignite if it were to get source of ignition within UFL and LFL zone. Following table gives the LFL and UFL dispersion distances for various leak sizes under different weather conditions. The resultant flammable dispersion distances are given in the table below,

Table 7.7: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances

SN Scenario

ID Description of scenario

Leak Size in

mm

Flammable distances in m

Conc. 2F 5D

1 IS01 Piping from LPG Bullets to suction of compressors

5

UFL 0.31 0.32

LFL 1.57 1.47

0.5 LFL

2.89 2.45

25

UFL 1.53 1.54

LFL 7.56 6.51

0.5 LFL

15.72 11.49

100

UFL 6.08 5.97

LFL 40.45 39.65

0.5 LFL

88.24 97.75

FBR

UFL 9.24 9.02

LFL 66.71 70.66

0.5 LFL

110.12 129.97

2 IS02 Piping from discharge of compressors to vapour

arm

5

UFL 0.35 0.36

LFL 1.75 1.63

0.5 LFL

3.22 2.73

25

UFL 1.7 1.71

LFL 8.45 7.28

0.5 LFL

18.32 14.03


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Conc. 2F 5D

100

UFL 6.72 6.64

LFL 46.59 46.14

0.5 LFL

88.08 102.09

FBR

UFL 6.84 6.73

LFL 47.89 47.08

0.5 LFL

88.76 103.6

3 IS03 Piping from liquid

Loading & unloading arm to inlet of LPG Bullets

5

UFL 1.61 1.58

LFL 6.82 5.47

0.5 LFL

13.52 8.16

25

UFL 7.87 7.38

LFL 54.02 49.84

0.5 LFL

123.87 105.88

100

UFL 39.39 38.9

LFL 250.27 303.56

0.5 LFL

369.63 428.38

FBR

UFL 66.09 65.56

LFL 299.69 371.04

0.5 LFL

417.64 490.24

4 IS04 Piping from outlet of

tanks to suction of LPG filling pumps

5

UFL 0.32 0.32

LFL 1.6 1.49

0.5 LFL

2.94 2.49

25

UFL 1.55 1.56

LFL 7.67 6.61

0.5 LFL

16.09 11.81

100

UFL 6.18 6.08

LFL 41.26 40.49

0.5 99.04 105.45


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Conc. 2F 5D

LFL

FBR

UFL 16.59 16.46

LFL 118.08 131.98

0.5 LFL

179.17 211.45

5 IS05

Piping from discharge of LPG filling to filling hall

(LPG Cylinder filling operation)

5

UFL 2.01 1.97

LFL 8.55 6.72

0.5 LFL

19.14 11.91

25

UFL 9.91 9.17

LFL 70.57 69.25

0.5 LFL

153.74 141.49

100

UFL 51.66 51.02

LFL 257.24 316.5

0.5 LFL

360.07 424.44

FBR

UFL 85.42 84.56

LFL 303.07 383.64

0.5 LFL

404.71 479.29

6 IS06 Piping from LPG Bullets to suction of LPG tanker

loading pump

5

UFL 0.33 0.34

LFL 1.68 1.56

0.5 LFL

3.07 2.6

25

UFL 1.63 1.64

LFL 8.04 6.91

0.5 LFL

17.18 12.8

100

UFL 6.48 6.37

LFL 44.01 43.31

0.5 LFL

97.6 112.02

FBR UFL 9.85 9.61

LFL 73.24 76.62


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Conc. 2F 5D

0.5 LFL

121.03 142.44

7 IS07 Piping from discharge of LPG tanker loading pump

tanker loading arm

5

UFL 1.83 1.78

LFL 7.37 5.72

0.5 LFL

15.92 8.68

25

UFL 8.94 8.15

LFL 63.92 58.65

0.5 LFL

164 108.6

100

UFL 47.09 46.37

LFL 264.13 312.74

0.5 LFL

571.25 461.15

FBR

UFL 123.66 180.36

LFL 706.25 1133.53

0.5 LFL

1643.72 1817.43

8 IS08 Loss of containment of

LPG from 600MT Mounded Bullets 1

5

UFL 0.83 0.62

LFL 8.6 5.6

LFL Frac

12.55 11.1

25

UFL 4.11 3.08

LFL 40.08 26.64

LFL Frac

57.49 46.53

100

UFL 16.13 12.32

LFL 137.39 98.73

LFL Frac

247.3 162.31

FBR

UFL 83.13 95.08

LFL 226.78 359.59

LFL Frac

440.25 729.3

9 IS09 Loss of containment of 5 UFL 0.83 0.62


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Conc. 2F 5D


LFL 8.6 5.6

LFL Frac

12.55 11.1

25

UFL 4.11 3.08

LFL 40.08 26.64

LFL Frac

57.49 46.53

100

UFL 16.13 12.32

LFL 137.39 98.73

LFL Frac

247.3 162.31

FBR

UFL 83.13 95.08

LFL 226.78 359.59

LFL Frac

440.25 729.3



5

UFL 0.664 0.496

LFL 6.88 4.48

LFL Frac

10.04 8.88

25

UFL 3.288 2.464

LFL 32.064 21.312

LFL Frac

45.992 37.224

100

UFL 12.904 9.856

LFL 109.912 78.984

LFL Frac

197.84 129.848

FBR

UFL 66.504 76.064

LFL 181.424 287.672

LFL Frac

352.2 583.44



5

UFL 0.664 0.496

LFL 6.88 4.48

LFL Frac

10.04 8.88


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Conc. 2F 5D

25

UFL 3.288 2.464

LFL 32.064 21.312

LFL Frac

45.992 37.224

100

UFL 12.904 9.856

LFL 109.912 78.984

LFL Frac

197.84 129.848

FBR

UFL 66.504 76.064

LFL 181.424 287.672

LFL Frac

352.2 583.44



5

UFL 0.664 0.496

LFL 6.88 4.48

LFL Frac

10.04 8.88

25

UFL 3.288 2.464

LFL 32.064 21.312

LFL Frac

45.992 37.224

100

UFL 12.904 9.856

LFL 109.912 78.984

LFL Frac

197.84 129.848

FBR

UFL 66.504 76.064

LFL 181.424 287.672

LFL Frac

352.2 583.44


Diesel form Diesel Tank

5

UFL 2.16 1.89

LFL 3.43 3.98

0.5 LFL

3.46 3.98

25

UFL 6.18 6.02

LFL 6.34 6.38

0.5 6.35 6.4


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Conc. 2F 5D

LFL

100

UFL 8.7 8.72

LFL 8.8 8.83

0.5 LFL

8.8 8.84

FBR

UFL 16.02 18

LFL 16.18 18.15

0.5 LFL

16.21 18.18


Diesel from Diesel Tank Transfer pump

5

UFL 7.12 6.96

LFL 7.47 7.57

0.5 LFL

7.5 7.61

25

UFL 9.22 9.29

LFL 9.27 9.38

0.5 LFL

9.28 9.39

FBR

UFL 11.16 11.25

LFL 11.24 11.35

0.5 LFL

11.24 11.36

Notes: NR: Not Reached FBR: Full Bore Rupture It can be noted that the flammable cloud dispersion distances (LFL) are more in case of full bore rupture of LPG Mounded Bullets. It goes up to approximately 450m for5Dwind condition. Radiation Distances due to Jet Fire A jet or spray fire is a turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel continuously released with some significant momentum in a particular direction or directions. The properties of jet fires depend on the fuel composition, release conditions, release rate, release geometry, direction and ambient wind conditions. Radiation due to jet fire are given in the table below –

Table 7.8: Jet fire radiation distances

SN Scenario Description of scenario Leak Jet Fire distances in m


ID Size in mm

Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D


5

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

25

4 14.92 15.51

12.5 11.36 12.42

37.5 NR NR

100

4 61.58 61.73

12.5 46.3 49.68

37.5 35.47 40.2

FBR

4 90.79 89.24

12.5 66.47 70.32

37.5 50.05 55.65


arm

5

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

25

4 17.04 17.61

12.5 13.3 14.42

37.5 NR NR

100

4 69.67 69.54

12.5 52.3 55.67

37.5 40.04 44.81

FBR

4 70.71 70.53

12.5 53.02 56.41

37.5 40.57 45.37

3 IS03 Piping from liquid

Loading & unloading arm to inlet of LPG Bullets

5

4 15.73 13.6

12.5 12.57 10.36

37.5 10.57 8.33

25

4 68.66 59.68

12.5 54.6 45.43

37.5 46.19 36.97

100

4 239.28 207.78

12.5 188.06 156.95

37.5 157.64 126.76

FBR 4 348.64 293.67


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm

Jet Fire distances in m

Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

12.5 273.13 222.73

37.5 228.28 180.4


tanks to suction of LPG filling pumps

5

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

25

4 15.19 15.79

12.5 11.58 12.66

37.5 NR NR

100

4 62.59 62.7

12.5 47.02 50.42

37.5 36.02 40.77

FBR

4 146.89 141.27

12.5 104.23 108.41

37.5 77.46 83.78

5 IS05

Piping from discharge of LPG filling to filling hall

(LPG Cylinder filling operation)

5

4 19.7 17.05

12.5 15.78 13.03

37.5 13.34 10.57

25

4 85.63 74.38

12.5 67.97 56.56

37.5 57.44 46.01

100

4 297.86 253.16

12.5 233.76 191.91

37.5 195.71 155.45

FBR

4 433.7 355.78

12.5 339.34 271.12

37.5 283.3 220.45


loading pump

5

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

25

4 16.01 16.62

12.5 12.31 13.43

37.5 NR NR

100 4 65.55 65.53


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

12.5 49.14 52.57

37.5 37.58 42.41

FBR

4 96.52 94.63

12.5 70.45 74.32

37.5 52.97 58.64

7 IS07 Piping from discharge of LPG tanker loading pump

tanker loading arm

5

4 16.52 14.32

12.5 13.21 10.91

37.5 11.12 8.78

25

4 71.74 62.48

12.5 56.97 47.47

37.5 48.11 38.55

100

4 249.18 216.8

12.5 195.49 163.42

37.5 163.54 131.64

FBR

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR



5

4 3.07 3.07

12.5 2.75 2.75

37.5 NR NR

25

4 16.34 16.93

12.5 13.48 14.64

37.5 11.27 12.84

100

4 66.45 66.29

12.5 50.17 53.51

37.5 38.65 43.44



5

4 3.07 3.07

12.5 2.75 2.75

37.5 NR NR

25

4 16.34 16.93

12.5 13.48 14.64

37.5 11.27 12.84

100 4 66.45 66.29


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

12.5 50.17 53.51

37.5 38.65 43.44



5

4 2.456 2.456

12.5 2.2 2.2

37.5 NR NR

25

4 13.072 13.544

12.5 10.784 11.712

37.5 9.016 10.272

100

4 53.16 53.032

12.5 40.136 42.808

37.5 30.92 34.752



5

4 2.456 2.456

12.5 2.2 2.2

37.5 NR NR

25

4 13.072 13.544

12.5 10.784 11.712

37.5 9.016 10.272

100

4 53.16 53.032

12.5 40.136 42.808

37.5 30.92 34.752



5

4 2.456 2.456

12.5 2.2 2.2

37.5 NR NR

25

4 13.072 13.544

12.5 10.784 11.712

37.5 9.016 10.272

100

4 53.16 53.032

12.5 40.136 42.808

37.5 30.92 34.752


Diesel from Diesel Tank

5

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

25 4 2.43 2.34


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

12.5 NR 0.98

37.5 NR NR

100

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

FBR

4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR


Diesel from Diesel Tank Transfer pump

5

4 1.31 0.76

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

25

4 1.37 1.84

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

100

4 3.3 3.18

12.5 1.96 1.98

37.5 NR NR

Notes: NR: Not Reached FBR: Full Bore Rupture Jet fire is a credible scenario for gas facility, in the event of loss of containment from LPG pump discharge, the jet fire radiation distances for 4kW/m2 radiation goes up to approx. 433m for 2F wind condition. Radiation Distances due to Pool Fire A pool fire involves a horizontal, upward-facing, combustible fuel. When spilled, the Flammable/combustible liquid may form a pool of any shape and thickness, and may be controlled by the confinement of the area geometry such as a dyke or curbing. Once ignited, a pool fire spreads rapidly over the surface of the liquid spill area. When a spilled liquid is ignited, a pool fire develops. Provided that an ample supply of oxygen is available, the amount of surface area of the given liquid becomes the defining parameter. The diameter of the pool fire depends upon the release mode, release quantity (or rate), and burning rate. Liquid pool fires with a given amount of fuel can burn for long periods of time if they have a small surface area or for short periods of time over a large spill area.


Following table gives radiation distances for pool fire scenario where it is assumed that the dyke will contain leaked material and would not allow it to flow beyond the restricted bund area.

Table 7.9: Pool fire radiation distances

SN Scenario ID Description of

scenario Leak Size in

mm

Pool Fire distances in m Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

1 IS13 Diesel Tank

5 4 84.30 98.39

12.5 42.97 43.60 37.5 NR NR

25 4 97.31 112.92

12.5 51.34 52.14 37.5 NR NR

100 4 33.97 37.70

12.5 19.19 23.48 37.5 11.61 12.15

FBR 4 90.52 108.29

12.5 44.58 47.52 37.5 NR NR

2 IS14 Diesel Tank

Transfer pump

5 4 42.15 49.195

12.5 21.485 21.8 37.5 NR NR

25 4 48.655 56.46

12.5 25.67 26.07 37.5 NR NR

100 4 16.985 18.85

12.5 9.595 11.74 37.5 5.805 6.075

FBR 4 45.26 54.145

12.5 22.29 23.76 37.5 NR NR

NR: Not Reached FBR: Full Bore Rupture The above results show that the pool fire radiation distances are in case of Diesel tank which goes up to 108 m for 4kW/m2 radiationfor 5D wind Condition. Radiation Distances due to Fireball

Table 7.10: Fireball Radiation Distances

SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm

Fireball distances in m

Radiation kw/m2

2F 5D


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Radiation kw/m2

2F 5D


100

4 44.98 42.51

12.5 20.49 18.89

37.5 NR NR


arm

100

4 40.78 38.61

12.5 18.98 17.62

37.5 NR NR

FBR

4 40.78 38.61

12.5 18.98 17.62

37.5 NR NR

3 IS3

Piping from liquid Loading & unloading arm to inlet of LPG

Bullets

FBR

4 269.17 247.76

12.5 136.72 124.05

37.5 16.2 NR


LPG Bullets to suction of LPG filling pumps

100

4 74.03 69.54

12.5 34.9 32.09

37.5 NR NR

FBR

4 74.03 69.54

12.5 34.9 32.09

37.5 NR NR

5 IS5

Piping from discharge of LPG filling pumps to

filling hall (LPG Cylinder filling

operation)

100

4 268.22 247.55

12.5 142.07 130.35

37.5 50.2 39.36

FBR

4 268.22 247.55

12.5 142.07 130.35

37.5 50.2 39.36


loading pump

100

4 52.18 49.24

12.5 24.29 22.44

37.5 NR NR

FBR

4 52.18 49.24

12.5 24.29 22.44

37.5 NR NR

7 IS7 Piping from discharge of

LPG tanker loading pump to LPG tanker

FBR

4 1484.53 1299.07

12.5 796.87 690.66

37.5 269.58 147.03


SN Scenario


Leak Size in

mm


Radiation kw/m2

2F 5D

loading arm

20 IS8 600MT Mounded Bullets FBR

4 1366.03 1199.02

12.5 728.14 631.92

37.5 230.06 103.13


4 1366.03 1199.02

12.5 728.14 631.92

37.5 230.06 103.13


4 819.618 719.412

12.5 436.884 379.152

37.5 138.036 61.878


4 819.618 719.412

12.5 436.884 379.152

37.5 138.036 61.878


4 819.618 719.412

12.5 436.884 379.152

37.5 138.036 61.878

Notes: NR: Not Reached FBR: Full Bore Rupture In case of Fireball for gas facility, in the event of loss of containment of LPG from 600MT Mounded Bullets, the Fireball radiation distances for 4kW/m2 radiation goes up to approx. 1350 m for 5D wind condition.


7.2.7 Likelihood Estimation Frequency analysis was conducted for each of the release scenarios identified based on the number of potential leak sources contained within each isolatable section. Leaks may occur from various components such as tanks, pumps, pipes, valves and flanges. Each component has a generic historical leak frequency per single item such as a leak frequency per flange-year or per meter of pipe per year. Generic failure data for equipment and piping items is derived from historical leak frequency data compiled by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP). For components other than Tanks, Report No. 434 – 1 – Process Release Frequencies dtd March 2010 has been used and for storage tanks, Report No. 434 – 3 – Storage incident frequencies dtd March 2010 has been referred to. Failure Frequencies This scenario is considered only for floating roof type of tank. Under section 2 of Report No. 434 – 3 the failure frequency of sunken roof in case of floating roof tank is 1.1 × 10-3/avg year. For other scenarios, the failure frequency has been estimated using parts count approach. The total leak frequency for any scenario is estimated by counting the number of each type of component in the section. This process is called “Parts Count”. The generic leak frequencies are then multiplied by the number of corresponding components in each isolatable section to obtain the overall leak frequency for that section. The calculated frequencies are given here below


Table 7.11: Estimated failure frequency


7.2.8 Risk Analysis This section deals with the risk assessment of Terminal installed at LPG Bottling Plant, Una. The risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is calculated based on consequences, parts count, failure frequency, ignition sources etc. A Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) is used to determine the risk caused by the use, handling, transport and storage of hazardous substances. The results of the QRA are, for example, used to assess the acceptability of the risk in relation to the benefits of the activity, to evaluate new developments on and off-site, to estimate the benefit of risk-reducing countermeasures and to determine zoning distances around an activity for land-use planning. QRAs are used to demonstrate the risk caused by the activity and to provide the competent authorities with relevant information to enable decisions on the acceptability of risk related to developments on site, or around the establishment or transport route. 7.2.9 Risk Contours Location specific individual risk (LSIR) is a measure of the risk exposure of an individual who is continuously present at a particular location for the whole year. This is a graphical representation of the risk estimated. Individual risk estimated for LPG Bottling Plant, Una is superimposed on layout and has illustrated below,


It can be seen that the risk level of 1E-03/avg year is surrounded to the LPG Bulltes. Above figure shows the risk impact of the entire facility. It can be seen easily that though the risk contour goes beyond the facility is 10E-06/avgyear, there is no other populated facility which will get affected. FN Curve The FN Curve shows the frequency (F) with which events cause N or more fatalities. F-N curve for risk posed by LPG Bottling Plant, Una on public surrounding is given here below. The risk is well within ALARP limits

IRPA and PLL Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA) and Potential Loss of Life (PLL) are estimated based on the LSIR at the locations. Figure above shows that the risk at the office building is less than 1E-07/avg year. Therefore the IRPA and PLL also fall under broadly acceptable region.


7.2.10 Conclusion The risk analysis shows that the risk is below 1E-04/avg year. After benchmarking the risk against PNGRB’s Individual Risk Acceptance criteria, the risk is within ALARP or Tolerable Region – (Risk is tolerated only – High, investigate alternatives)region which means that normal precautions shall be maintained. However, in case of emergency there should be availability of the fire fighting system to control fire and also the vehicles to escape from hazardous area. 7.2.11 Recommendations The facility handles storage and handling of LPG which is highly inflammable in nature. Considering the hazard associated with storage and handling of LPG, state-of-art safety and security system has to be conceived to eliminate the hazard. 1. Safety as a consideration; the whole Tank Farm must be automated in order to avoid delays

in mitigating the risks unlike in manual operations. 2. Periodic preventive maintenance of pumps, valves, flanges, nozzles, flame arrestors,

breather valves etc. must be done. This preventive maintenance includes: a. Regular inspection of all pumps checking for mechanical seal to prevent leakages and

fugitive emission. b. Regular inspection of storage tanks checking for leaks due to cracks, spillages,

corrosion/erosion etc. c. Regular inspection of flame arrestors and breather valve checking for corrosion. d. Periodic functional tests of all valves ( isolation valves or any other valves installed along

the pipeline) e. Checking of storage areas for accumulation of any hazardous or combustible material. f. Safety devices and control instruments to be calibrated once in a year. 3. Fire & Gas detection system must be installed within one meter radius of tank farm area. 4. Flameproof Motors for unloading near flammable storage tank should be provided with

double earthing. 5. At every tank farm its license number, storage capacity & name of the chemicals should be

displayed at the entrance. 6. There should be good communication system available near tank farm area to the control

room, and it should be flameproof. 7. Periodic On Site Emergency Mock Drills and occasional Off Site Emergency Mock Drills

must be conducted, so that the staff is trained and are in a state of preparedness to tackle any emergency.

8. Safe operating procedure to be prepared for hazardous processes and material handling process.

9. Operating personnel should be adequately trained. 10. Work permit system must be implemented mandatorily for hazardous work in the plant.


11. Safety manual and Public awareness manual needs to be prepared and distributed to all employees and nearby public.

12. Fire & Safety organization setup to be planed and implemented for better plant process safety.

13. Security circuit containing fusible plugs to detect heat/fire and thereby closing ROVs in vase of fire.

14. Fire water deluge and sprinkler system for spheres and mounded vessels. 15. LPG Storage vessel pressure safety valves designed for fire case. 16. Gas detectors at vantage points near LPG Storage vessel to detect any gas leak and give

alarm. 17. Dyke of small height at the LPG storage to collect LPG spillage with the floor at the

bottom of LPG Storage vessel sloping away from Storage vessels so that LPG will not form a pool below the Storage vessel itself.

18. All the ROVs should be fire safe certified and CCOE certified for SOV. 19. Emergency push buttons should be provided in LPG control room and also in field at safe

location for manual actuation of emergency shutdown interlock by the operator. 20. LPG transfer pumps should have double mechanical seal type with low level indication and

high pressure indication in field at seal pot. Low level alarm and high pressure alarm should be available in LPG control room for monitoring the status of level and high pressure for pump operation, accordingly action should be initiated for running of LPG Pump.

21. For additional safety, in case of any rupture in the discharge line of LPG Transfer Pump, alarm should be received in the control room and LPG pumps should automatically stop running.

22. Water sprinkler arrangement should be always in working condition at the Bullet top exposed domes / structure, Horton LPG Storage vessels and pumps area.

23. Entire storage and handling facility should be covered under fire hydrant and monitor loop. 24. In case of flame detection in pump house and LPG Storage area, action should be initiated

through various interlocks for closing of all ROVs located in LPG mounded vessels outlet line, inlet line, vapour balance line, saturation line and pump minimum flow line. Sequentially, Deluge Valve will open, Marcaptan Dosing Pump will trip and also LPG pumps will trip. Accordingly, fire water sprinkler system will actuate automatically as per logic.

25. Actuation of pressure switch due to quartzoid bulb failure on any of fire detection loop should give audio-visual alarm at the LPG control room, fire station and security gate indicating fire.

26. ROV should be manually auto reset type. All DV’s should be ready for taking next signal immediately after one operation is over, without any further interruption or manual reset. The Deluge valve position (Opened/Closed) should be indicated by proximity sensor.


27. Suitable corrosion protection for internal and external surface of mounded storage vessel should be provided.

28. Cathodic protection should be provided for mounded storage vessels on the external surface.

29. In order to reduce the frequency of failures and consequent risk, codes, rules and standards framed e.g. OISD 144, SMPV rules (Unfired), gas cylinder rules etc. should be strictly followed with respect to construction of new facilities.

30. There should be no depression or low lying areas in the plant in order to avoid accumulation of LPG vapour and consequent hazard.

31. Safety valves located on the storage vessels and other places must be tested regularly. The block valves before safety valve must always be kept in open condition when safety valves are in position. It is desirable to provide a chain and lock to ensure that the block valve is not inadvertently kept closed when safety valve is in position.

32. Vehicular traffic as well as entry of personnel inside the plant area must be restricted. 33. Smoking within the premises should be strictly prohibited. Use of naked light or hot work must be

restricted to the areas designated for the purpose. 34. The sprinkler system including quartzoid bulbs, heat detectors and remote operated valves must be

checked regularly for timely actuation of the safety system. LPG gas detection system should be checked regularly.

35. The DG sets must be periodically tested on load to ensure that it remains always in operating condition.

36. Training of all the employees for fire fighting and use of safety apparatus must be conducted regularly. Mock drills should be conducted at regular intervals keeping liaison with local administration and fire-fighting facilities available in the area.

37. Safety Audits must be regularly done as per norms & recommendations of OISD. 38. Inspection and testing of the major equipments e.g. LPG storage, LPG pumps and compressors etc.

should be done at regular intervals for ensuring their health and condition monitoring. 39. Mutual aid agreement should be done with nearby industries. Also agreement shall be made with

hospitals, fire services, nursing homes for help during emergency. 40. Procurement of materials, construction & erection of the plant should be done as per international

codes & practices. 41. Proper lighting system should be done in the plant so that plant personnel can approach in any part

of the plant during night. 42. Disaster Management plan which has been prepared for the plant should be updated to cover the

proposed refrigerated LPG storage and handling facilities along with proposed mounded vessels.


CHAPTER 8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

PLAN

8.1 Introduction

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures.

The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested.

The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures

Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action

Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met

The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore, environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental activities.

8.2 EMP during Construction Phase

Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period during the construction activity. Construction shall be planned in such a way that excavated material shall be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities shall preferably be employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people. Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.

8.2.1 Air Environment


During the construction phase, gaseous emissions are expected from the heavy machineries deployed for construction. All other emission sources are intermittent. Though the gaseous emissions are not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality, some generic measures to reduce fugitive and gaseous pollutants emissions during construction phase from point area and line sources shall include the following:

All equipment used during construction shall have valid PUC certificate.

The storage and handling of soil, sub-soils, top-soils and materials will be carefully managed to minimize the risk of wind-blown material and dust

To avoid generation of air borne dust, water sprinkling shallbe done.

There will be no on-site burning of any waste arising from any construction activities

All vehicles delivering construction materials or removing soil will be covered to prevent escape of dust

Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicle and equipment will be maintained so that exhaust emissions do not exceed statutory limits and that all vehicles and equipment are maintained in accordance with manufactures’ manuals. Periodic monitoring of this shall be undertaken to ensure compliance

Exhausts of other equipment used for construction (e.g. generators) will be positioned at a sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions and meet the standards set by HPPCB.

8.2.2 Noise Environment

The following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts on noise environment during construction phase:

Earth movers and construction machinery with low noise levels shall be used

Periodic maintenance of construction machinery and transportation vehicles shall be undertaken

Onsite workers shall be provided with noise protection devices such as ear plugs/ muffs wherever necessary

Periodic monitoring for the noise levels within the project site shall be undertaken to ensure compliance per HPPCB set standards

8.2.3 Water Environment

Drinking water requirements during the construction phase by the contractors shall be met from existing borewells on site. Construction labourersshall be provided with adequate quantity of drinking water of potable quality.


Sufficient and appropriate sanitary facilities shall be provided in order to maintain hygienic conditions in the camps of construction labourers. The wastes, such as, sanitary wastes shall be treated in Septic Tank along with Soak Pit. The solid waste generated shall be collected and disposed in an appropriate manner either at a landfill site or used as compost to be used in lawns/gardening purpose.

8.2.4 Land Environment

On completion of construction works all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes shall be completely removed. Dumping of construction waste on agricultural land will be prohibited and used appropriately.

The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil or any other non-biodegradable wastes that have leachable constituents will be disposed to authorized recyclers.

A waste management plan shall be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.

8.2.5 Biological Environment

The region does not have dense vegetation and landuse is dominated by agriculture activities. Following environmentalmanagement measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts on biological environment during construction phase:

Native species will be preferred for plantation in addition to beautification plants/species.

8.2.6 Socio-economic Environment

Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, during the construction phase. Considering the high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective traffic management scheme will be put in place to avoid congestion on the nearby and local roads.Local persons will get employment during Construction phase.

8.2.7 Health and Safety

The movement of heavy equipment will be undertaken with proper precaution to prevent any accidents on the road. Occupational risk shall be minimized at the project site through


implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with 20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.

Safety training shall be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment. Security shall also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled access to the machinery and equipment.

The contractors shall also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable diseases. Health check up of the contract labors shall be done/ recorded at times. All illness and incidents shall be reported and recorded.

8.3 EMP during Operation Phase

In order to mitigate the impacts due to capacity expansion of facility on various environmental components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:

8.3.1 Air Environment

Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program has been implemented in the facility and shall be extended for the proposed Mounded Storage Bullets system

Ambient air quality with respect to SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring shall be continued in the impact zone as per regulations

To minimize occupational exposure/hazards, the present practice of using personal protective equipmente.g. helmets, safety (gas) mask/safety dress, safety harness for working at heights, safety shoes, safety goggles, low temperature hand gloves & shock resistant hand glovesetc. shall be continued for workers engaged in operation of process units within the facility complex

Stacks of adequate height (CPCB norms) for DG Sets to ensure adequate dispersal of pollutants has already been provided

Waste Lube oil will not be incinerated and will be continued to sold to HPPCB authorised waste oil recyclers

All access roads (internal as well as external) to be used by the project authorities have been paved (either with WBM, concrete or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along the roads

8.3.2 Noise Environment

Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure practicably low noise levels within the work environment.

The major areas of concern for noise generation have already been adequately addressed by considering it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation stage. Further feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to ensure that the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized.


Monitoring job and location specific noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations by verifying acceptability of noise levels caused by the project activities and comparison with noise criteria

Conducting periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels, such as compressors, DG sets, etc

Provision of PPE’s shall be continued to be done and their proper usage will be ensured for eardrum protection of the workers as well as visitors

Acoustic barriers and silencers shall be used in equipment wherever necessary

Sound proofing/ glass panelinghave been provided at critical operating stations/ control rooms, etc

Monitoring of ambient noise levels shall also be continued to be carried out regularly both inside the facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt

8.3.3 Water Environment

For domestic sewage, Septic Tank along with Soak Pithas been provided.

There are/will be no industrial effluent generated in this plant. However, waste water being generated during plant operations (during washing of empty cylinders) shall be re-circulated/ re-used.

There shall be no increase in quantity of waste water generation from operation of proposed Mounded Bullets.

Rain Water Harvesting: The rain water harvesting program has been implemented in LPG bottling plant. The system has been developed around the admn. Building, Truck Parking area, Cold Repair shed, Empty cylinder shed in the plant. The practice shall be continued and extended further.

8.3.4 Land Environment

Greenbelt in and around the facility will be strengthened/maintained

A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be continued to be maintained at environmental monitoring cell

Solid/Hazardous Waste Management

No solid hazardous waste will be generated in the operation of LPG Bottling Plant.

8.3.5 Biological Environment

Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.


8.3.6 Socio-economic Environment

In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed project and also to maintain good will of local people, steps will be taken for improving the social environment. Necessary social welfare measures by the industry shall be undertaken in gaining public confidence and to meet local area development requirement. The following measures are suggested:

IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies

Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may be taken up

Regular medical checkup shall be continued at times in the villages around the facility

Focus shall be on to educate villagers regarding safety measure provided in the plant.

8.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Introduction

Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is not desecrated. For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring programmeshall be continued to be carried out at the LPG Bottling Plant. The programme includes the following:

Environmental Monitoring

Personnel Training

Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures

Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other records

Environmental Monitoring

Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the following aspects.


It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections, have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in Chapter 4. Post study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program

Area of Monitoring

Sampling locations

Frequency of Sampling

Parameters to be Analysed

Ambient Air Quality

Station within premises.

Twice in a year PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, HC, VOCs and other parameters as specified by HPPCB consents

Stack monitoring of DG Set

Once in three months

TPM, SO2, NOx and other parameters as specified by HPPCB consents

Water Ground water sample within the Plant

Twice in a year Physical and Chemical parameters

Bacteriological parameters

Heavy metals and toxic constituents

Noise Within Plant shed for bottling operations

Twice a year Sound Pressure Levels (Leq) during Plant operations.

Solid Waste Records of generation of used drums, bags and records of their dispatch to suppliers for refilling

As & when required

--

Environmental Audit Statement

Environmental statement under the EP (Act) 1986

Once in a year --

8.4.1 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality at the LPG Bottling Plant site shall be continued to be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air quality shall be monitored as per Table 8.1.


8.4.2 Surface Water Quality

Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of surface water in the vicinity of LPG Bottling Plant area during the operation is possible only in one form.

8.4.3 Noise Level

Ambient noise levels have been monitored at 8 stations inside and outside the plant during baseline season for day time and night time.

8.5 Environmental Management Cell

The Locattion-in-charge of the LPG Bottling Plantwith the assistance of operation and maintenance engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management. Technical officers of the LPG Bottling Plantstation shall regularly carry out the following:

Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.

Systematic and routine housekeeping at the LPG Bottling Plant

Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavour, the IOCL has been accredited with national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under this following aspects are covered.

Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment management.

Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management functions.

Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at LPG Bottling Plantsite.

Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at LPG Bottling Plantthrough an external agency approved by HPPCB.

8.6 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection Measures

IOCL has proposed a capital investment of Rs42lacs and a recurring cost of Rs. 10.2 lacs per annum for environmental protection measures. The details of investment for procuring the equipment for efficient control and monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are given in Table 8.3.


Table 8.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures

Sr. No.

Particulars Capital Proposed Cost (Rs. Lacs)

Recurring Proposed Cost (Rs. Lacs)

1 Dust suppression 5 1.7 2 Water quality monitoring &

management 15 2

3 Air quality and noise monitoring

20 6

4 Greenbelt / Plantation 2 0.5 Total 42 10.2


CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

9.1 Consultants Engaged

This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent’s office staff, their R and D wing, Architects, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental Consultants M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory, Thane.

M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory:

Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of India] not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that they are economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered, make them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in record time is the key feature of Ultra-Tech. A team of more than hundred environmental brigadiers consists of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic experts, solid waste and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and monitoring experts and management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and best services.

Ultra-Tech offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain environmental clearance for their large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from respective authorities.

Ultra-Tech also provide STP/ETP/WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad.

The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1: EIA Team

SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert(NABET Accredited) 1 Mr.Timir Shah EIA Coordinator 2 Mr.Timir Shah Air Pollution 2 Mr.Timir Shah Water Pollution 3 Mr. Santosh Gupta Solid Hazardous Waste 5 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity 6 Dr. Kishore Wankhede Socio Economic 7 Mr.Ajay Patil Team Member


Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for “M/s.Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.” is as shown in Table 9.2:

Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA

S.N. NAME OF SECTOR

NAME OF PROJECT

NAME OF CLIENT

FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS INVOLVED FA NAME/S

1. Schedule 6 (b) Category ‘B’

Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant at Mehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh

M/s.Indian Oil Corporation Limited.

AP Mr.Timir Shah

WP Mr.Timir Shah Associate: Mr.Ajay Patil

EB Dr. T. K. Ghosh Associate: Ms.BhartiKhairnar

SE Dr. Kishore Wankhede

SHW Mr. Santosh Gupta Associate: Mr.Timir Shah

LU Mr.SwapnilAvghade Associate: Mr. Prasad Khedkar

RH

Mr.Subhash L. Bonde Associate: Mr.Ajay Patil

9.2 Laboratory for Analysis

NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES ACCREDITATION STATUS

ENVIRON-TECH

Monitoring and Analysis of: Ambient Air Monitoring Stack Emission Monitoring Bore Water(Analysis) Domestic and Potable

Water(Analysis) Waste Water(Analysis)

VALIDITY 23.04.2019

ANNEXURE - I

Site Layout

ANNEXURE 2

Ambient Air Quality Results

Site 1

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic

Lead Banzene Benzo(a) pyrene

Nickel

2 January

80 40 4 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

3 75 42 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 9 78 44 5 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 82 45 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 16 88 48 3 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 17 90 38 5 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 23 79 35 7 9 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 24 85 39 5 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 30 92 31 6 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 31 89 35 4 9 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 feb 80 34 5 08 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 7 81 30 6 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 13 86 34 4 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 14 83 38 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20 86 35 5 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 21 88 37 7 9 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 27 80 34 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 28 79 42 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 march


7 80 37 7 9 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 13 86 35 4 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 14 81 39 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20 88 33 6 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 21 92 34 6 9 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 27 95 31 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 28 90 37 4 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Site 2

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





Site-3

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





Site-4

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





Site-5

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





Site-6

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

16 march


17 83 32 5 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 23 85 35 6 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 24 87 31 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 30 86 33 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 31 march


6 April


7 84 37 6 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 13 86 39 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 14 82 34 6 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20 80 35 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 21 86 36 4 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 27 87 38 6 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 28 April


4 May 82 37 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 5 84 38 6 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 11 86 40 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 12 82 42 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 18 86 38 6 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 19 84 39 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 25 87 43 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 26 May


1 June 81 41 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 84 38 4 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 8 86 39 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 9 June 88 34 6 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Site-7

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





Site-8

Date PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





Site-9

Date PM10 PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





Site-10

Date PM10 PM2.5

SO2

NO2

NH3

O3 CO Arsenic


Nickel

2 January





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