environmental fiscal reforms- solid waste pakistan- saadullah ayaz

8/7/2019 Environmental Fiscal Reforms- Solid Waste Pakistan- Saadullah Ayaz

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Environmental Fiscal Reforms

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Saadullah Ayaz


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ABOUT IUCN

IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature is the worlds oldest andlargest global environmental network- a democratic membership union with morethan 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000

volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide

IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environmentand development challenges. It supports scientific research, manages field projectsall over the world and brings governments, non-government organizations, United


a ons agenc es, compan es an oca commun es oge er o eve op animplement policy, laws and best practice

IUCN has a status of an Observer in UN General Assembly


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WHAT DOES IUCN DO?

Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservationscience, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, andthe impact these have on human livelihoods

Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world tobetter manage natural environments

Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international


, ,

to develop laws, policy and best-practice

Empowerment:

IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by

mobilizing organizations, providing resources, trainingpeople and monitoring results


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IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION


Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland


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THE DRIVING FORCE

IUCNs VISION

A just world that values andconserves nature


IUCNs Mission

Influence, encourage and assist

societies to conserve the integrity and

diversity of nature and ensure any use

of natural resources is equitable and

ecologically sustainable


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CORE PROGRAMME AREAS



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OUR STRUCTURE



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IUCNs VALUE PROPOSITION

Establishing a commonstandard fora

ct

Knowledge GovernanceEmpowerment


Reach

Research and datafor sustainable

resourcemanagement

Applying, and insome cases tailoring,

knowledge to aspecific situation

and/or the needs of

partners at any level

u ng new

approaches and aconstituency that can

maintain, promoteand extend theapplication ofsustainability

approaches, servicesand products that allowfor scaling-up,

adaptation and qualitycontrol

Im


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IUCN IN PAKISTAN


A long term commitment since 1985

Several offices, around 112 staff,

largest Country Programme of the Union in the World since 1996


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MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN 29


Gilgit-Baltistan Administration

Pak Env. Protection FoundGovernment of Balochistan


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IntroducingEnvironmental Fiscal

withN

ature


B

anking


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ENVIRONMENT AND POVERTY NEXUS

A healthy environment is crucial to poverty reduction and sustainable growth

With the degradation of ecosystems comes a decline in the quality of environmental

services that ecosystems provide

The annual cost to Pakistans economy of environmental damage and natural resource


,

Immediate and most severe effects of environmental degradation are suffered by the

poor

Strengthening environmental management can support economic growth, whileimproving health and productivity. Financing pro-poor environmental management in

conjunction with other development activities is of the utmost importance


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WHAT IS EFR?

Innovative policies are required to achieve development targets while ensuring

environmental sustainability. Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) is one such

approach, and allows fiscal resources to be managed in such a way that development

challenges can be tackled without sacrificing environmental conservation

BANKING WITH NATURE


and expenditure programmes to create an integrated set of activities insupport of sustainable development and conserves environment

The idea is to use fiscal instruments, directly or indirectly modifying the prices of

biodiversity related goods and services, to influence behavior in order to provideincentives for environmental protection. The funds raised through these measures can

be channelled to specific priority sectors, such as environmental conservation and

poverty reduction


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It is in this context that environmental fiscal reforms (EFR), and particularly pro-poor EFR, can assist the government in broadening the revenue base, whileachieving both poverty reduction and environmental goals

The environmental benefits of EFR includes; pollution prevention and improvednatural resources management; mobilization of funds for investment in pollutioncontrol and safe disposal of waste; and mobilization of funds for enforcementactivities

ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL REFORMS


VIABLE EFR INSTRUMENTS FOR PAKISTAN

Charging appropriate prices and user charges for various natural resourcesextraction activities and social services

Making polluters pay for internalizing externalities that polluters impose on thesociety; rationalizing environmentally harmful subsidies and taxation measures;and streamlining budgetary processes so as to further the goals ofenvironmental improvement and poverty reduction

Environmental Fiscal Reforms


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BENEFITS OF EFR

Poverty ReductionImproving environmental quality e.g. better natural resource management

or provision of environmental infrastructure:

poor depend on environment for health, livelihoods and vulnerability

Fiscal revenues: revenues for pro-poor expenditure on health, education etc

Protection or compensation to protect poor from price rises


EnvironmentalBenefits

Incentives for sustainable

natural resource managementIncentives for curbingpollution (air, water, soil)Funds for environmentagencies and investments

Fiscal BenefitsRevenue mobilizationReduced distortionsReduced drains onpublic finances


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EFR TESTING AND APPLICATION IN

PAKISTAN



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EFR PROJECT PROFILE

AIM:

Poverty reduction and environmental improvement through undertaking a set of

environmental fiscal reforms initiatives.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT:

Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC)

DURATION:


May 2006 to April 2009- Extended till June 2010

PROJECT PARTNERS:

IUCN, Planning Commission, district Government, Abbottabad

RESEARCH PARTNERS:Pakistan Institute for Development Economics & Sustainable DevelopmentPolicy Institute

PILOT DISTRICT: Abbottabad


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PROJECT COMPONENTS

Action Research and

Awareness Raising

Enabling Institutional,Legal and Policy Framework

Capacity Building


Piloting Select EFR Options Wider Dissemination for Replications


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Action Research

- Research reports on solid waste, drinking water, and quarrying and

mining, fiscal decentralization- Five (05) fact sheets completed (for easy understanding)

- Sector wise recommendations translated into Urdu


- Situation analysis of solid waste management in Nawanshehr town

- Water analysis of natural water resources (survey by PCRWR)


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http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/projects/archived_projects/proj_arc_efr/


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Advocacy, Partnerships and Capacity Building

- Liaison with City District Government of Abbottabad (meetings with DCO

and Commissioner and other relevant departments)- Partnership with COMSATS Institute for Information Technology

- Extensive awareness, community organization/ mobilization for


eve opmen par c pa ory so was e managemen sys em n

Nawanshehr (pilot)

- Trainings

(Community) PSWM, waste segregation, reduction, disposal,

composting)

(Local administration) solid waste management, efficient collection,

waste segregation, safe disposal, route planning/ mapping


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PILOTING EFR

OPTIONS


(Case Study of Solid WasteManagement in Abbottabad)


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Development and operationalization of a

participatory solid waste management system in UC Nawanshehr

- Social Mobilization~

community groups, youth associations,

school children and women folks

dialogue conducted (70 shopkeepers)


door to door campaign (725 houses)

Citizens seminar, youth forum operationalized

- Social Organization~

sixty two (62) community activists

School Environmental Clubs (09 established)

Mohellah Environmental Committees (06)


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Capacity building

training of staff of Town Committee on

participatory solid waste management,mapping, segregation, recycling,coordination with line agencies (districtgovernment)- 16 staff members trained

training community groups on participatory


,

developing and sustaining primary collectionsystem, organizational management,financial record keeping, coordination andliaison development (62 activists trained)

Other ~ training of communities (& women)on kitchen gardening and compositing (90trainees)


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Improved measures for primary collection of waste

model system nine (09) beads were developed in the area (each comprising

of around 120 households)- at source segregation of organic andrecyclables have also been introduced in 09 beads

(08) mohellahs where communities have hired their own waste


collectors through nominal contribution (pro- poor initiative)


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Development of secondary waste collection system

- Proper designed secondary collection points have been developed innine (09) mohellahs,

- Route planning for waste collectors (map developed)

- Repair of tractor and improvisation of existing trolley



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the change


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ACHIEVEMENTS OF EFR PROJECT

Progress achieved as per MTR recommendations

Research work received high appreciation

Chapter from EFR project was published in the Oxford University Press,

London Technical paper on EFR (Pakistan Engineering Congress 2010)

Three papers on EFR presented in Special Technical Session on EFR at the23th Annual General Meetin of Pakistan Societ of Develo ment Economics


Panel discussion were held on Pro-poor Environmental Fiscal Reformsduring Conference on Peace and Sustainable Development in South Asia:Issues and Challenges of Globalization held at SDPI

EFR as subject at PIDE (M. Phil/ MSc. Env. Economics Programme

Wider replication of EFR in IUCNs on- going programmes (BPSD)

Opportunities for up- scaling (district level)

Strong urge from beneficiaries (community in Nawanshehr)


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Efficacy of EFR proved (revenue, pro-poor support and env. sustainability)

In-depth research. Findings to be tailored to create real understanding andintegration into policy and decision making process

EFR being new concept~ putting in pace a self sustaining long term EFRmechanism requires improved coordination mechanisms essential to obtain longterm results in this regard.~ local level consultations extremely important to developconsensus among stakeholders to select and adopt EFR options

LESSONS LEARNT


Buy-in from policy-makers is only possible if the project is able to demonstrateconcrete changes on the ground~ dedicated attention to carry out work is of essence, at least for a next couple of months till the system is effectively tested andcompletely adopted

Capacity building at all level is a must ~ since expertise not available anywhere Strong linkages with provincial and federal government tiers are required

Up scaling and replication of EFR activities is essential


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WAY FORWARD (RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN)

Successful institutionalization of EFR (in complex socio- political situation)

Support translation of learning form EFR research in to actions (elsewhere inPakistan)

Long- term impact~ buy- in from policy makers~ integration into sectoral polices/plans

Ensurin self- sustenance of ilots~ continue rovision of technical backsto in


Capacity building/ awareness (at all levels)

Up- scaling and wider replication of EFR is suitable areas in Pakistan in othersectors (drinking water, eco-tourism, quarrying and mining etc)


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environmental fiscal reforms- solid waste pakistan- saadullah ayaz

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