environmental concerns
DESCRIPTION
Environmental concernsTRANSCRIPT
Factors Affecting Natural Environment Factors Affecting Natural Environment
Industrialization
Urbanization
Population explosion
Natural calamities
Industrialization
Urbanization
Population explosion
Natural calamities
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Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agriculture land into an industrial one
Part of a wider modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation
Extensive organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing
Industrialization
Characteristics of industrialization• The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms
itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.
• Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines.
• Characteristics of industrialization include the use of technological innovation to solve problems as opposed to superstition or dependency upon conditions outside human control such as the weather, as well as more efficient division of labor and economic growth.
Gross domestic product per capita between 1500 and [email protected]
Effects of Carbon Dioxide
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Global Warming due to Greenhouse Gases, resulting in:• Sea level rise• Increase in Hurricanes• Possible extinction of humans, animals and ecosystems
Electrical Generator Energy
30%
70%
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Use of energy from Electrical Generator for industries
Energy ConsumedEnergy Consumed
by Industrial Plant by Industrial Plant
to Drive Traditional to Drive Traditional
MotorsMotors
Other Users
Energy Distribution
Motor Energy Losses
With industrial
plant traditional
motor efficiency
of about 80%,
14% of energy
delivered by power
plant is lost.
30%
14%
56%
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Energy Distribution Showing Losses
Energy LossesEnergy LossesDue to Inefficiency ofDue to Inefficiency of
Traditional MotorsTraditional Motors
Useful Energy Useful Energy Consumed by Consumed by Industrial Industrial Plant to Drive Plant to Drive Traditional Traditional MotorsMotors
Other UsersOther Users
Negative Aspects of Energy UtilizationNegative Aspects of Energy Utilization
1111
FossilFuel
Supply(Oilor
Gas)
ElectricalPower
GenerationPlant
Electricity
WastedElectricalEnergy
Carbon Dioxide(CO )2
OtherUsers
IndustrialPlant
(Factory)Traditional
Motors80%
Efficiency
Global Warming
Global Warming
[email protected]@gmail.com
Malthus main argument was that our world was heading towards social disorder.
Because population would tend to increase in geometric progression (2, 4, 8, 16, 32), whereas food production would increase in arithmetic progression (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) because farmland is limited.
THE CONCEPT OF URBANIZATION
• The concentration of labour into factories has brought about the rise of large towns to serve and house the factory workers.
• General increase in population and the amount of industrialization of a settlement.
• It symbolizes the movement of people from rural to urban areas.
Features of URBANIZATION
• Urban sprawl (increase in the peripheral area of cities)
• The city and its infrastructure may not be adequately planned.
• Traffic is high with increased time needed for commuting.
• Essential services are not reachable within time.
• City administration becomes extremely difficult. [email protected]
CAUSES OF URBANIZATION
The three main causes of urbanization-
1. Rural to urban migration is happening on a large scale due to population pressure and lack of resources in rural areas. This are 'push' factors.
2. People living in rural areas are 'pulled' to the city. Often they believe that the standard of living in urban areas will be much better than in rural areas. They are usually wrong. People also hope for well paid jobs, the greater opportunities to find casual or 'informal' work, better health care and education.
3. Natural increase caused by a decrease in death rates while birth rates remain high.
EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION
Urbanization brings with it several consequences –
both adverse and beneficial.
They impact on social and environmental areas.
20Urban and rural populations of the world, [email protected]
Adverse effects of Urbanization
• Increasing competition for facilities due to the high standard of living in urban areas
• Growth of slums (urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions) its leads to-
• Land in security - Slums are usually located on land, which are not owned by the slum dwellers. They can be evicted at any time by the landowners.
• Poor living conditions - Crowding and lack of sanitation are main problems.
• Outbreak of diseases- Utilities such as water, electricity and sewage disposal are also scarce.
• Unemployment - Since the number of people competing for jobs is more than jobs available, unemployment is an inevitable problem.
• Crime - Slum conditions make maintenance of law and order difficult. Patrolling of slums is not a priority of law enforcing officers.
• Unemployment and poverty force people into anti-social activities. Slums become a breeding ground for criminal activities.
Environmental impacts of urbanization• Temperature - Due to factors such as paving over formerly
vegetated land, increasing number of residences and high-rise apartments and industries, temperature increases drastically.
• Air pollution - Factories and automobiles are symbols of urbanization. Due to harmful emissions of gases and smoke from factories and vehicles, air pollution occurs.
• Water issues - When urbanization takes place, water cycle changes as cities have more precipitation than surrounding areas. Due to dumping of sewage from factories in water bodies, water pollution occurs which can lead to outbreaks of epidemics.
• Destruction of Habitats - To make an area urbanized, a lot of forested areas are destroyed. Usually these areas would have been habitats to many birds and animals.
Benefits of urbanization
• Efficiency - Cities are extremely efficient. Less effort is needed to supply basic amenities such as fresh water and electricity
• Convenience - Access to education, health, social services and cultural activities is readily available to people in cities than in villages. Life in cities is much more advanced, sophisticated and comfortable, compared to life in villages.
• Concentration of resources - Since major human settlements were established near natural resources from ancient times, a lot of resources are available in and around cities. A lot of facilities to exploit these resources also exist only in cities. [email protected]
Cont.. • Educational facilities - Schools, colleges and universities are
established in cities to develop human resources. A variety of educational courses and fields are available offering students a wide choice for their future careers.
• Social integration - People of many castes and religions live and work together in cities, which creates better understanding and harmony and helps breakdown social and cultural barriers.
• Improvements in economy - High-tech industries earn valuable foreign exchange and lot of money for a country in the stock markets.
REFERENCES
•
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry
• http://www.unescap.org/drpad/publication/integra/volume3/malaysia/3my01a02.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization
• http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme/proceedings/Presentations/Lake%202006%20-%20Presentations/28%20Dec%202006/Session%20IV/Abijith.pdf
• www.stormwatercenter.net/.../impacts%20for%20smrc/sld001.htm
• www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080610182856.htm
• www.investopedia.com › Dictionary
• www.wiziq.com/tutorial/16063-iNDUSTRIALISATION-OF-INDIA
• http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/meyer.industrialization
• http://www.slideshare.net/shivrajsinghnegi/impact-of-industrialization-on-tribals-in-india
