environment - apwa
TRANSCRIPT
12010 North American Snow Conference
Be sensitive to the environment while providing a safe service to the traveling public.Utili t i l th t d d lt Utilize materials that produce good results, are friendly to the environment, and yet remain cost effective.
Find equipment that meets our specific need. Utilize real time Road Weather Information.
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Salt and Sand Salt
Salt Brine
Ice Slicer Ice Slicer Magnesium Chloride Cold Temperature Modified Magnesium-
Chloride Apex
Apogee, non-chloride
PRO’s Most common
product used Provides traction Works in all type of
th d t
CON’s Bad for the
environment. Causes additional
work for maintenance crewsweather and storm
events Initial Cost
crews. Water and Air
Quality Broken Windshields Cost of Clean-up Bicycle Safety Is not a de-icing
material
The contractor cleaned sand out of the creek and built 11 sand and built 11 sand retention ponds.
The cost of the clean up project was approximately $11,000,000
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PRO’s Adheres to roadway. Works from top
down. Keeps snow pack
CON’s Additional storage
and Containment Mixing of product is
time consumingKeeps snow pack from bonding.
Cost Savings, reduces sand usage.
Desired product in snow areas, where colder temperatures exist.
time consuming. Depending on what
type of liquid deicer used to pre-treat sand, can leach out of sand.
Mineral PercentageComplex Chloride TM 92-96%(Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium & Potassium Chloride)Water - contained as moisture to 3% maximum (RS) 2.5%Sulfur 0.13%Iron 0.07%
Ice Slicer is a homogenous (not blended) product containing:
Phosphorous 0.05%Iodine 0.002%Zinc 0.001%Copper 0.0007%Manganese 0.0007%13+ Trace Minerals & Micro-Nutrients < 0.005%
ICE SLICER contains all-natural corrosion inhibitors and environmental buffers crystallized within each
granule - not just sprayed on the surface.
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13 degrees
PRO’s Adheres to roadway. Keeps snow pack
from bonding. Cost Savings, reduces
CON’s Additional storage
and Containment Still a chloride
N d f li id Cost Savings, reduces sand & chloride usage.
Consistent product
Need of liquid application equipment
1. Phosphorous 25.000 mg/L2. Cyanide 0.125 mg/L3. Arsenic 5.000 mg/L4. Copper 0.200 mg/L5 Lead 1 000 mg/L5. Lead 1.000 mg/L6. Mercury 0.050 mg/L7. Chromium 0.100 mg/L8. Cadmium 0.150 mg/L9. Barium 10.000 mg/L10. Selenium 0.300 mg/L11. Zinc 10.000 mg/L12. Ammonia 5.000 mg/L13. Molybdenum 15.000 mg/L
EFFECTIVE Effective Temperature is
the lowest temperature in which the cost of the
EUTECTIC Eutectic Temperature
is the freeze point of a solution based on
application is justified by the results obtained.
Practical Practical operating
temperature is where the results are within a reasonable time.
percentage of chemical in the solution, and not the volume.
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PRO’s Adheres to roadway. Keeps snow pack
from bonding. Cost Savings, reduces
CON’s Additional storage
and Containment Still a chloride
N d f li id Cost Savings, reduces sand & chloride usage.
Consistent product Works down to 0
degrees
Need of liquid application equipment
More Training needed
Cold Temperature Modified Mag-Chloride Increased Performance in the Red Zone
0
20
40
F)
Phase Diagram
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Te
mp
(F
% Solids
MgCl2 M1000 Meltdown Apex
AL 2024 - Aluminum AL 5086 - Aluminum SS304L - Stainless Steel SS410 - Stainless Steel
Condensed MgCl2 on the surface of metal after pulled out of the solution
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(Original states) (8 min. later) (6 hr. later)
Fig. 2-20 Comparison of hydrophilicities between MgCl2 and NaCl(When dry crystals of NaCl (top) and MgCl2 (bottom) are
exposed to 500C and 100% RH)
140 0
160.0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
1
# M
elt
ed
/ga
l
Apex AP M1000 AP CaCl2 30% NaCl 23%
18.0
20.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
1
# M
elt
ed
/ga
l
Apex AP M1000 AP CaCl2 30% NaCl 23%
Anti-icing applications should be between 35 & 40 gallons per lane mile after the road has turned wet, but prior to an accumulation of snow or ice crystalsof snow or ice crystals.
It is essential that the pavement be cleared of snow or loose ice before applying liquid chemicals to reduce the dilution that would result.
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DE-ICING is a snow and ice control strategy in which chemicals are applied to the top of in which chemicals are applied to the top of an accumulation of snow, ice, or frost that is already bonded to the pavement surface.
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Early Fall ApplicationsEarly Fall Applications
Be careful of road surface contaminants when there has not been moisture for extended periods of time.
They can cause the surface to become slick with minimum application rates of de-icers.
• Anti-freeze• Motor oil• Diesel fuel• Gasoline• Rubber
Watch for signs of change
Give the product time to work no matter what product you are using
Application rate for spraying liquids on sand or salt piles or to hot shot a load of sand or salt is 5 to 7 gallons per ton.sand or salt is 5 to 7 gallons per ton.
Stock piles should be treated with ????? (gradation of material)
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Pre-wetting allows you to
reduce the amount of
material applied per lane mile d till t th
Traditional Dry Application Pre-wet Salt Application
and still get the same amount
where you want it. The solid deicer also
becomes more effective.
60%20% 20% 90%5%
5%Critical
Area
Critical Area
Don’t apply liquids on the shoulders.
Snow plow operators Supervisors Supervisors Media Public Local Governments ??????
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You must know the surface temp
Grade School
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Change of Patrols & treatment types.
Test S ti Section right side
Control section left side
TAPER Log Highway #__I 70__ Patrol #___5____ Operator: __Jack Frost_ Unit # __1313_______ Calibration Date: __11/27/02_____
Date & Time of
Application
Start Mile Point
End Mile Point
Direction of
Travel
Lane #
Anti-icing or De-icing
Roadway Surface
Temp (F)
Product Used
Application Rate
Gallons/Pounds Per Lane Mile
Snow In
Inches
Results
1
12/15/02 2:00 p.m.
12.5 25.5 East B. 1 Anti-icing
31 27 % Mag
35 Trace Just started snowing, road turning wet
2
12/15/02 2:30 p.m.
25.5 12.5 West B. 1 Anti-icing
29 27% Mag
35 ½ Snowing road wet, shoulder starting to slush
3
12/15/02 3:00 p.m.
12.5 25.5 East Bound
2 Anti-icing
21 27% Mag
40 1 Snowing harder Lane #1 road still wet lane #2 road slushy
4
12/15/02 3:30 p.m.
25.5 12.5 West Bound
2 Anti-icing
17 27% Mag
55 2 Snowing, Lane #1 starting to slush L #2 d ith
5 Lane #2 covered with
snow and slush 6
12/15/03 4:30 p.m.
12.5 25.5 East B. 1 Anti-icing
13 M-1000
60 3 Snowing hard, lane #2 road slushy, lane #1 snow packed.
7
12/15/03 5:00 p.m.
25.5 12.5 West Bound
1 Anti-icing
13 M-1000
60 4 Snowing hard, lane #2 road slushy, lane #1 snow packed.
8
9
10
Notes: Road turning wet from the M-1000 that was shot east bound. Shift change, going home.
Remember “the good old days”
Ground speed Ground speed controlled spreaders
Easy calibration
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??? How much Product is being applied per Lane Mile.
ALL Sand Trucks and Liquid Units must be Calibrated.
Do not Trust the Computer readouts in your Equipment.
Perform actual tests between Computer read outs and the amount of Product that is Actually Applied
AUGER CHAIN SPEED GATE LBS PER SPEED FLOW RATE SETTING HEIGHT LANE MILE RPM PER HOUR
3 4 INCHES 100 1800-2000 357 4 INCHES 150 1800-2000 35
10 4 INCHES 250 1800-2000 353 8 INCHES 300 1800-2000 353 8 INCHES 300 1800 2000 357 8 INCHES 400 1800-2000 35
10 8 INCHES 600 1800-2000 353 12 INCHES 750 1800-2000 357 12 INCHES 900 1800-2000 35
10 12 INCHES 1100 1800-2000 35
mph 30 25 20 15
mpm 0.5 0.416 0.333 0.25
pounds peLBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per
Minute Second Minute Second Minute Second Minute Second
Application Rate
lbs per lane mile
100 50 0.84 41.6 0.69 33.3 0.56 25 0.42
200 100 1.67 83.2 1.39 66.6 1.11 50 0.84
250 125 2.08 104 1.73 83.25 1.39 62.5 1.04
300 150 2.5 124.8 2.08 99.9 1.67 75 1.25
350 175 2.92 145.6 2.43 116.55 1.94 87.5 1.46
400 200 3.33 166.4 2.77 133.2 2.22 100 1.67
450 225 3.75 187.2 3.12 149.85 2.5 112.5 1.88
500 250 4.17 208 3.47 166.5 2.78 125 2.08
550 275 4.58 228.8 3.81 183.15 3.05 137.5 2.29
600 300 5 249.6 4.16 199.8 3.33 150 2.5
650 325 5.42 270.4 4.51 216.45 3.61 162.5 2.71
700 350 5.83 291.2 4.85 233.1 3.89 175 2.92
750 375 6.25 312 5.2 249.75 4.16 187.5 3.13
800 400 6.67 332.8 5.55 266.4 4.44 200 3.33
900 450 7.5 374.4 6.24 299.7 5 225 3.75
1000 500 8.33 416 6.93 333 5.55 250 4.17
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Sensor uses a Peltier cell to cool and warm any moisture/liquid Sensor uses a Peltier cell to cool and warm any moisture/liquid on the pavement. on the pavement. The controller monitors the temperature of the liquid on the The controller monitors the temperature of the liquid on the surface as it is cooled and detects freezing. surface as it is cooled and detects freezing. The change created during crystallization indicates the freeze The change created during crystallization indicates the freeze point temperature.point temperature.
Road Sensors Have left the RoadRoad Sensors Have left the RoadThe SPECTRO is able to give a The SPECTRO is able to give a Friction reading from off the Friction reading from off the
roadwayroadwayThe CYCLO is able to give surface The CYCLO is able to give surface temperature within .2 F and other temperature within .2 F and other
readingsreadings
Remote surface Remote surface temperature temperature measurementmeasurement
Infrared Infrared measurement measurement principles principles
Utilizes state of the art Utilizes state of the art optical nonoptical non--intrusive intrusive technology to measure technology to measure Road State Road State –– 3 eye safe 3 eye safe lasers at differing lasers at differing f if ifrequencies are frequencies are transmitted by top lens & transmitted by top lens & received by bottom lensreceived by bottom lens
Measures amounts ofMeasures amounts of•• WaterWater•• IceIce•• Snow / FrostSnow / Frost
Reports FrictionReports Friction
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Both Instruments mount on structures to side of road
Limitations are:
c must be >6ft and <50ft
ά must be >30º and <85º
Thus maximum distance (b) from base of tower/pole to measured road surface is 40ft
when
sensor height (a) is 25 ft
(Maximum distance from sensor to road is 50 ft)
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Text messaging
Emails
Web Site
Pre-Trip/Post-Trip 1st Step to Safety
Communicate Problems Let others know
what is wrong Check your
Equipment often Know the areas on
the equipment that are constantly under stress
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