Envelope…

It encloses the space within the building:

Walls, Roof and Floors

Connections and Structure

Walls perform many different functions…

Interior walls…

Can be load bearing or divide spaceProvide privacy…visual and/or

audioCan provide storageCan be vertical teaching surfacesMade of many materials

STORAGE

GLASS WALLS

CEMENT BLOCK

VERTICAL TEACHING SURFACE

Vertical Teaching Surfaces

Space dividers

Light-weight walls

EXTERIOR WALLS

Support the roofProvide shelter from the elementsMaintain interior temperatureSound barriersMany different materials,

depending on style, cost, location

Shelter from elements and sound barriers

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater

Shingle style house in Greenwich

Gothic style Lake-Peterson house, Rockford, Illinois

ROOFS

• Patterns and textures enhance the architectural experience

• Keeps rain out and heat in

• Visual Expressions- mansard roof, flat tile, curved tiles of Mexico domes

Parapet walls…

• Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier contended that buildings need no hat (i.e. that form is stronger without a roof trying to compete in a visual fight with a wall.)

• Roof may have windows or bounce back the hot rays of the sun.

• You can’t hide a roof. The roof is a façade because so many buildings look down on other roofs.

» Extensions of exterior walls above the roofline.

• Architects try to hide the eyesores on a flat roof.

• The elimination of the visible roof has reduced the joy of buildings.

Le Courbusier: Villa Savoie

Barcelona Pavillion: Mies van der Rohe 1929

Windows

Fenestration: the design, arrangement and

proportions of windows and window groups….

Fenestration

Fenestration-the design arrangement and proportion of window groups.

Three Basic Functions of

Windows

•To admit natural light

•To admit and emit air

•To afford a view

Clerestory Windows

To admit light

Picture Windows

To afford a view

Casement and double hung windows

casement

Double-hung

Skylights and roof windows

Musical Expression

There are rhythms to some windows but they are mostly found in buildings. Some of the rhythms are 1-1-1, 1-2 1-2, waltz in 3-quarter time and some in 4-4 time.

FLOORS “think of a floor as a walk-on fabric” Be conscious of color, texture and

pattern Can absorb sound or glare We react to the materials….

Materials

• Brick, marble, wood, carpeting, tile, stone, terrazzo, linoleum.

• Walking on different materials sends different sensuous signals from feet to brain.

Wood…can be natural, stained, painted…

Brick…

Marble…and polychrome…

Color, texture and pattern…

Architecture-ConnectionsArchitecture-Connections

What are Connections?

• Connections are how walls connect wit the floor, how the ceiling joins the walls, and where there are openings in the walls

• Details are very important for connections• There are sky connections and ground

connections• Details match the form of the building and

can be plain or extravagant

Sky Connections

• This is an example of sky connections, which is the outline of the buildings against the background of the sky

Connections• In this picture

the pillars of the White House connect from the roof to the ground

The Kaufmann House by Richard Neutra

• Check the ground connections…

Houses on Stilts

The top picture is an example of a house on stilts connected to the ground and the bottom picture is a house where its stilts are connected to the water

Philip Johnson’s Glass House 1949

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