Entrepreneurial Spiritwhere education meets business

James Nottingham Stefan Lindström

The Nature vs. Nurture argument

Francis Galton was the first to raise the argument when he published an article discussing the the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement.

Galton was a cousin of Charles Darwin

Genetics plays a role, but how much of one?

There are varying degrees of heritability

High

Medium

Low

Eye colour and blood type

Weight

Specific language

How hereditary is intelligence?

Alfred Binet1857 - 1911

The origins of the IQ test

In 1904, Alfred Binet was asked by the French government to create a mechanism for identifying students in need of alternative education.

Binet created a scale of 30 tasks for 6 – 14 year olds, ranging from easy to complex ones.

He was forthright about the limitations of his scale, stressing that intellectual development progressed at variable rates and was heavily influenced by nurture.

Binet clearly stated that the IQ scale reflected intelligence that is malleable rather than fixed.

The misuse of IQ

In 1908, H.H. Goddard, translated Binet’s scale into English. However, as a champion of the eugenics movement, he changed the focus of the scale to suit his own beliefs.

With it was published the following objective: "curtailing the reproduction of feeble-mindedness and in the elimination of an enormous amount of crime, pauperism, and industrial inefficiency” (Terman, Lyman, et al, 1916)

Lewis Terman then took the scale, standardized it using a large US sample, and from that created the first Stanford-Binet scale – the basis for the modern IQ test.

What matters is what you believe about intelligence

People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nature have a ‘fixed’ mindset

Professor Carol Dweck, Stanford

People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nurture have a ‘growth’ mindset

Fixed

Intelligence is innate

I have gifts

I’ll always be good at certain things

I’ll never be good at other things

Growth

Intelligence is incremental

I’ve developed talents

My abilities change over time for better or worse

I can learn pretty much anything I put my mind to

Fixed vs Growth Mindsets

What difference does mindset make?

The French don’t know the meaning of the word ‘entrepreneur’

Evelyn Glennie – Growth Mindset ?

Sting – Fixed Mindset ?

Entrepreneurial minds – born or created?

Number of children per family, Sweden 2004

One child families 19%

Two children 47%

Three children 24%

Four children 7%

Five children 2%

Six or more 1%

Entrepreneurial archetypes

Starter (drive, impulsive, intuitive)

Professional (all-rounder, analytical, long-term)

Serial entrepreneur (intuitive, extrovert, timing)

Innovator (feeling & thinking, details)

Lifestyle (independent, sentimental)

Workstyle (party with themselves)

Are schools built on fixed or growth mindsets?

Rewards and assessments

10/10

Thinking

Wondering

Decision

Understanding

Reflection

Knowledge

Argument

Opinion

Conclusion

Justification

Pre-test; Marks Out of 10

7, 8, 9 or 10New Set of Spellings

4, 5, or 6Correct Set

0, 1, 2 or 3Additional coaching

Spelling tests that focus on learning

169

My name is Stuart and I sit in the …

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