enterprise resource planningitacademic.ir/upload/erp-ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Enterprise Resource
Planning
Dr. Ebadati
Kharazmi University
![Page 2: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A Foundation
for Understanding
Enterprise Resource
Planning Systems
![Page 3: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction to ERP
O In the past several years, many organizations
have initiated Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP) systems, using such packages as SAP,
Peoplesoft, Microsoft and Oracle.
O Enterprise resource planning systems are a
major investment. Companies have invested
between $50,000 and hundreds of millions of
dollars in ERP software.
![Page 4: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ERP Definition
O ERP systems are the software tools used to
manage enterprise data. ERP systems help
organizations deal with the supply chain,
receiving, inventory management, customer
order management, production planning,
shipping, accounting, human resource
management, and other business functions
(Somers and Nelson, 2003).
![Page 5: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
درسطح جهانERPدکنندگان معروف يتول: ERPصنعت
![Page 7: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
درسطح جهان ERPحجم بازار : ERPصنعت .ميليارد دالر بود6/16برابر با1998در سال ERPبازار جهاني
.پيش بيني شده بود% 32رشد ساالنه بازار برابر شركت هاي % 60شركت هاي متوسط و% 30شركت هاي كوچك و% 10در اروپا
.مي باشند ERPبزرگ داراي
![Page 8: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tier 3 :
< $25 m
Tier 2 :
$25 m to $250 m
Tier 1 :
> $250 m
SAP
Oracle(PeopleSoft / JDE)
SAGE
Microsoft
IFS, LAWSON, ….
Local Software
Top ERP Vendors
![Page 9: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ERP يهاهزينهCost: Between $50,000 and $1,000,000,000
هزينه هاي واقعيخريد سخت افزار و نرم افزار
هزينه هاي پنهانآموزشآزمايش
customization
تبديل داده هامشاوره
جايگزيني بهترين هاهيچگاه كار تيم پياده سازي تمام نميشود
![Page 10: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Statistical Data of ERP Project
The study of 5000 U.S. manufacturing firms conducted by engaged in ERP breaks
down the cost of system implementation into components.
ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars
Software 30.2 $ 30,000
Hardware 17.8 $ 17,682
Consulting 24.1 $ 23,940
Training 10.9 $ 10,828
Implementation team 13.6 $ 13,510
Other 3.4 $ 3,378
100 % $ 99,337
See Reference:Enterprise Resource Planning Survey of US Manufacturing Firms, Vincent Mabert, Ashok
Soni, and M.A. Venkataramanan, Production and
Inventory Management Journal, 2nd Quarter 2000, pages 52 - 58.
![Page 11: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
EVOLUTION OF ERP
O In the 1960s, most software packages included
inventory control capability.
O Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
systems, which were introduced in the 1970s.
O Later on, MRP systems were enhanced by
adding tools for sales planning, customer
order processing, etc.
![Page 12: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
EVOLUTION OF ERP (Cont.)
O In the 1980s, MRPII systems incorporated the
financial accounting system along with
manufacturing and materials management
systems.
O MRPII led the way toward an integrated
business system that developed the material
and capacity requirements for production
and translated these requirements
![Page 13: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EVOLUTION OF ERP (Cont.)
![Page 14: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
هرشركت ،برنامه ریزي منابع سازماندر جهت حصول به سيستم و راه حل مناسبد ذكر شده را مدنظر داشته و بهبود و اصالح را در هر چهار بعچهارجنبه ذكر شده مي بايست
.و با در نظر گرفتن شرايط و محدوديتهاي موجود اعمال نمايد
انسانینيروي استراتژی
فرآیند )زیرساخت (تکنولوژی
راه حل برنامه ریزی درحوزه نیازسازمانهامنابع سازمان
![Page 15: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ک يدر حوزه استراتژERPيدست آوردهاسازمان
Oانیبه مشتریيبهبود توان پاسخگو
Oيريم گيش جسارت در تصمیافزا
Oت انعطاف سازمانيش قابلیافزا
Oرانهدرانجام اقدامات مبتکيشقدميگسترش جسارت پ
![Page 16: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Oبروزياتيو عملياطالعات مال
Oيبستن دفاتر حسابداريكاهش دوره زمان
Oانبارهايكاهش سطح موجود
Oيانسانيروينه از زمان كار نياستفاده به
Oيتداركاتينه هایكاهش هز
Oدیخرينه هایكاهش هز
Oنهیززات از نظر زمان و هيتجهيس و نگهداریسرويبهبود دوره زمان
Oزاتيتجهيس و نگهداریسرويتهاينظارت كامل بر فعال
سازمانياتيدر حوزه عملERPيدست آوردها
![Page 17: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Oياتيعملينه هایكاهش هز
Oازيمورد نیيكاهش سطح دارا
Oعیه سریبازگشت سرما
Oينگیبهبود گردش نقد
Oيبهبود كنترل منابع مال
سازمانيدر حوزه مالERPيدست آوردها
![Page 18: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Oياده سازيهنگام پيندینگرش فرآERP
Oا ير دنمطمئن به اطالعات سازمان در سراسيامکان دسترسنترنتیق ایازطر
Oيتانداردهااسيريل بکارگياز به آموزش بدليكاهش سطح نشرفته انجام اموريپ
Oياطالعاتيستم هايسيکپارچگی
سازمانيدر حوزه فنERPيدست آوردها
![Page 19: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
سازي پروژه فازهاي پياده
آماده سازی پروژه فازاول
طراحی مدل کسب وکارفازدوم
محقق سازیفازسوم
آماده سازی نهايی فازچهارم
( )راه اندازی نهايی وپشتيبانی : فاز پنجم
![Page 20: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Oوكاردر تمامي كمپاني ها در هر اندازه و در هر كسب :
اسكات هميلتون روي نتيجه بررسي هاي: ERPيدست آوردها
ERPازپياده سازي برخي نتايج حاصل
، تا بيشتر كه باعث كاهش هزینه هاي انبار داري% 20از –كاهش انبار داري •.حمل و نقل، بيمه، ماليات، خرابي و اتالف اقالم مي گردد
ننده تا بيشتر، بخاطر انتخاب تامين ك% 5از -كاهش هزینه هاي خرید مواد اوليه•مناسبتر و در اختيار داشتن اطالعات مواد مورد نياز
% 10تا -كاهش هزینه هاي نيروي انساني•
تا بيشتر% 10از –بهبود سرویس به مشتریان و فروش •
ا معموال بهبود مدیریت اعتبارات، پرداخت ها و دریافت ه-بهبود كنترل مالي•. یا بيشتر مي شود% 18باعث كاهش تاخير در دریافت ها تا
![Page 21: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
(1)چيست؟ERPعلت برتري
![Page 22: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
23
(2)چيست؟ERPعلت برتري چگونه؟
ات پايگاه داده رايج،اطالعات دقيق و سازگار، گزارشبهبود يافته
پرهيز از ورود چندين داده همانند در پايگاه داده مركزي
كمينه سازي تأخيرات بازيابي و گزارش گيري
تصميم گيري سريعدهي تغييرات در فرآيندهاي تجاري به آساني سازمان
مجدد مي شود
طراحي ماژوالر و ساختاريافتهز فروشنده قراردادهاي درازمدتي را به عنوان بخشي ا
انجام مي دهدخريد
SCMو CRMماژول هاي توسعه يافته مانند
فرهنگ مشاركت
برتري در چه چيز؟
دسترسي به اطالعات معتبر
جلوگيري از افزونگي داده و عمليات
تقليل و كاهش زمان تحويل
كاهش هزينه
تطبيق آسان
بهبود مقياس پذيري
بهبود نگهداري
توسعه سراسري
تجارت الکترونيک، كسب و كار الکترونيک
![Page 23: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
چيست؟ERPعلت برتري ERPقبل از ERPبا
عدم امکان قابليت گسترش مهندسي مجدد پيرامون يک مدلتجاري منطبق با بهترين
.تجارب
يان فقدان اطالعات كارا براي مشترو تأمين كنندگان
و تأمين تعامالت مستقيم با مشتريكنندگان از طريق ماژول هاي
.SCMاز قبيل ERPپيشرفته
فقدان يکپارچه گي ارتباط با تأمين كنندگان ومشتريان
تم واسط هاي مبتني بر وب از سيسهاي مجزا و كامپوننت هاي آن
.پشتيباني مي كنند
frontواسط هاي مبتني بر وب، endه سيستم هاي يکپارچ
مي باشند
نظارت فقدان اطالعات تکنيکي برايو كنترل كارآمد بر منابع
سازماني
به اجازه دسترسي ميان عملياتيه اطالعات مشابه براي برنام.ريزي و كنترل مي دهد
يان و فقدان ارتباطات مؤثر با مشترتأمين كنندگان
تريان تسهيل روابط سازماني با مشو تأمين كنندگان
فرآيندهاي تجاري
بهره وري
مديريت زنجيره تأمين
تجارت الکترونيک
اطالعات
ارتباطات
![Page 24: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Business System Point
![Page 25: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Business Stand Point
![Page 26: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ERP Design Alternatives
O In evaluating ERP, most organizations consider
alternative design options and each of these options
has its own price as well as its own advantages and
disadvantages.
O ERP Implementation:
O Insource
O Outsource
![Page 28: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ERP Design Alternatives
(Cont.)O Building an in-house ERP system is the most
time-consuming and expensive alternative,
and it poses considerable risks. The advantage
of this approach is that the organization can
build a software system based upon its own
unique processes, and its software will not
be shared with its competitors as with the
“vanilla” ERP alternative.
![Page 29: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Tangible Benefits of ERP
![Page 30: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Intangible Benefits of ERP
![Page 31: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
FOR ERPO The decision to implement an ERP system is a
business investment decision, similar to the
decision to build a new warehouse, hire a new
executive, or invest in a training program.
O The business benefits of ERP include
streamlining business processes, providing
web-based access to information resources,
reducing inventory and personnel, and
improving overall productivity.
![Page 32: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
FOR ERP (Cont.)
O The costs of implementing an ERP include
the hardware, software, technical support,
project management, internal team
commitment, external consultants, and
training.
O In their analysis of the cost components of
ERP, both surveys of ERP implementation in
the U.S. (Mabert et al., 2000) and Sweden
(Olhager and Selldin, 2003), indicate that
software cost and consulting costs are
major cost components.
![Page 33: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
FOR ERP (Cont.)O One method of conducting a cost-benefit analysis of an ERP
project is to use net present value. Net present value takes
into consideration the time value of money. The time value of
money can be understood through a simple example. If you
invested $1,000,000, assuming an interest rate of 10%, you
would expect to receive a return of $1,610,510 in five
years. In determining the net present value of a capital
budgeting decision, the time value of money is taken into
account. A five-year timeframe is appropriate in evaluating
an ERP project since a minimum of three years will be
spent in actual implementation. In a large-scale project, the
timeframe for evaluating returns on the investment in ERP
might be as long as ten years.
![Page 34: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ERP Cost Components
![Page 35: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Summary
O In summary, organizations have a business justification for
implementing ERP systems.
O The business benefits of ERP include improved accessibility
of information, realtime access to data across the
organization, improved cycle time for orders, decreased
financial close time, reduced operating costs, and lowered
inventory levels.
O In addition, ERP systems provide the opportunity to re-align
business processes with best practices and to integrate
enterprise-wide information supporting financial, human
resources, manufacturing, and sales and marketing
functions.
![Page 36: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
O www.amrresearch.com, Results of vendor surveys
O www.technologyevaluation.com, Market research
O www.computerworld.com/softwaretopics/erp, Links to
useful ERP sites, articles, publications, and chat rooms
O www.erpfans.com, Links to support groups for many
vendors
O www.apics.org/resources/magazine/current, Link to
current APICS news
O https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/default.aspx
O www.oracle.com/us/solutions/sap
SUGGESTED RESOURCES
FOR ON-LINE RESEARCH
![Page 37: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022011921/602fdcc4eece010099743373/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
موفق باشيد