entering mpumalanga, early morning
TRANSCRIPT
Entering Mpumalanga, early morning.
Credits and acknowledgements
Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders of the photographs and other images reproduced in this book. The publisher regrets any errors or omissions.
Photographs of artefacts and images by Clive Hassall and Dee Worman. Maps drawn by Tim Sheasby.
Title page: MuseuMAfricA.Imprint page: Standard Bank Collection of African
Art, Wits Art Galleries; Wits Art Galleries Collection of African Art.
Contents page: Wits Museum of Ethnology Collection, Wits Art Galleries.
9 Standard Bank Collection of African Art, Wits Art Galleries.
10 Ilonde van Hoolwerff/africanpictures.net.12 Riaan de Villiers.14, 15 Standard Bank Collection of African Art,
Wits Art Galleries.
Introduction
16 Top: Shane Doyle/africanpictures.net. Other photographs: Riaan de Villiers.
Beginnings
Photographs supplied by Maarten de Wit.
Chapter 1: Early inhabitants
26 Riaan de Villiers.28 Archaeology collections, School of
Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Wits University.
29 Archaeology collections, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Wits University.
30 Archaeology collections, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Wits University.
31 Clockwise from top left: Paul Weinberg, Conraad de Rosner, Leslie Zubieta.
32 Archaeology collections, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Wits University.
33 Top: Archaeology collections, School of
Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Wits University. Bottom: Wits Art Galleries Collection of African Art.
34–5 Iziko Museum, Cape Town.37 Riaan de Villiers.38–9 Graeme Williams.40 Graeme Williams, Paul Weinberg.42 Top left: Archaeology collection, School
of Geography, Archaeology and Environ-mental Studies, Wits University. Top right: Wits Art Galleries Collection of African Art. Others: Marilee Wood.
43 Marilee Wood.
Settlements
44 Warmelo Collection, Special Collections and Rare Books, University of Johannesburg Library and Information Service.
45 Top: Duggan-Cronin Collection, McGregor Museum, Kimberley. Bottom: Warmelo Collection, Special Collections and Rare Books, University of Johannesburg Library and Information Service.
46 Top: Wits Museum of Ethnology. Bottom: Duggan-Cronin Collection, McGregor Museum, Kimberley.
47 MuseuMAfricA.
Chapter 2: The Boers arrive
48 The Graphic Illustrated Weekly Newspaper, London, Volume 21, 24 January 1880.
50 Top: MuseuMAfricA. Bottom: Riaan de Villiers.
54 From A Merensky, Erinnerungen aus dem Missionsleben in Transvaal 1859–1882, Berlin, 1899.
56 MuseuMAfricA.58 MuseuMAfricA.59 Heese-Grützner Collection, Unisa Archives
and Special Collections.60 MuseuMAfricA.62 From A Merensky, Erinnerungen aus dem
Missionsleben in Transvaal 1859–1882, Berlin, 1899.
64 Peter Delius.66 Peter Delius.
242 Credits and acknowledgements
67 MuseuMAfricA.68 MuseuMAfricA.69 Heese-Grützner Collection, Unisa Archives
and Special Collections.70 Top: From T Wangemann, Ein Reisenjahr in
Süd-Afrika, Berliner Missionsgesellschaft, Berlin, 1868. Bottom: From A Merensky, Erinnerungen aus dem Missionsleben in Transvaal 1859–1882, Berlin, 1899.
72 Top: Peter Delius. Bottom: MuseuMAfricA.73 Riaan de Villiers.74 Paul Weinberg.75 Peter Delius.76 Peter Delius.78 MuseuMAfricA.79 Peter Delius.80 MuseuMAfricA.81 MuseuMAfricA.82 MuseuMAfricA.83 MuseuMAfricA. 84 Illustrated London News, May 10, 1879.86 MuseuMAfricA.87 MuseuMAfricA.88 The Graphic Illustrated Weekly Newspaper,
London, Volume 21, 24 January 1880.89 MuseuMAFricA.90–91 MuseuMAfricA.92 MuseuMAfricA.93 History Museum, Durban.94 G R Duxbury, The Battle of Majuba,
27 February 1881, Military History Journal, Vol 56 no 2. Bottom: MuseuMAfricA.
95 Cowan Collection, Historical Papers and Manuscripts, Wits University.
96–97 Wits Historical Papers.98 MuseuMAfricA.
Chapter 3: A time of war
100 MuseuMAfricA.102 MuseuMAfricA.103 MuseuMAfricA.104 Dinkwanyane family collection.106 Top: Free State Archives. Bottom:
MuseumAfricA.109 Top: H W Wilson, After Pretoria: The
Guerrilla War, Vol 2, London: The Amalgamated Press, 1902. Bottom:
MuseuMAfricA.110 H W Wilson, After Pretoria: The Guerrilla
War, Vol 2, London: The Amalgamated Press, 1902.
111 MuseuMAfricA.113 Warmelo Collection, Special Collections and
Rare Books, University of Johannesburg Library and Information Service.
114 Cultural History Museum.115 MuseuMAfricA.116–7 MuseuMAfricA.
Chapter 4: Nature’s bounty
122 Jane Carruthers.124 From Sir Percy FitzPatrick, Jock of the
Bushveld, illustrated by E Caldwell, Longmans, Green, and Co, London, New York, Bombay & Calcutta, 1907.
125 Top: MuseuMAfricA. Bottom: Papers, Historical Papers and Manuscripts, Wits University.
126 MuseuMAfricA.128 MuseuMAfricA.129 Stevenson-Hamilton Collection, SANParks,
Pretoria.130 MuseuMAfricA.131 Cowan Collection, Historical Papers and
Manuscripts, Wits University.132 Based on maps in Jane Carruthers, The
Kruger National Park: A Social and Political History, University of Natal Press, Pieter-maritzburg, 1995.
134 Stevenson-Hamilton Collection, SANParks, Pretoria.
135 Henner Frankenfeld/PictureNET Africa.136 MuseuMAfricA.137 MuseuMAfricA.139 Top: Spoornet Heritage Library. Bottom:
Fauna and Flora, 1959.140 Jane Carruthers.141 Plate 70, The Flora of South Africa, vol 111,
section 11, Cape Town, 1932.142 PictureNET Africa.143 Andy and Gill Swash, WorldWildlifeImages.
com.134–5 Johannesburg Art Gallery.
Credits and acknowledgements 243
Chapter 5: Enterprise and exploitation
146 MuseuMAfricA.148–9 Lydenburg Museum.150 H L Hall & Sons Ltd Archive.152–3 MuseuMAfricA.154 Top: Riaan de Villiers. Bottom: The Star.157 The Star. 159 MuseuMAfricA.160 Graeme Williams/South Photographs.161 Riaan de Villiers.162 Transnet Foundation Heritage Library.163 Riaan de Villiers.164–5 From Anthony Hocking, Paper Chain: The
Story of SAPPI, Hollard South Africa, 1987.166–9 MuseuMAfricA.170–1 MuseuMAfricA.172 Highveld Steel.173 Graeme Williams/South Photographs.174 The Star.175 Eskom Holdings Limited.176 Top: Group Five Limited. Bottom: Sasol
archives.178 Top: The Star. Bottom: Riaan de Villiers.
Chapter 6: The struggle on the land
180 Paul Weinberg/South Photographs.182 MuseuMAfricA.185 MuseuMAfricA.186 Flickr, Pan-African News Wire Photostream.188–9 Champion Papers, Documentation Centre for
African Studies, Unisa Library Archives.191 Private collection.193 Cedric Nunn/africanpictures.net.194 Top: Historical Papers, Wits University.
Bottom: Learn and Teach.195 Social Histories, Baileys African History
Archive, africanpictures.net.186–7 Jürgen Schadeberg.198 Baileys African History Archives.201 Paul Weinberg.203 Alf Khumalo/The Star.205 The Star.206 Peter Setuke/The Star.207 Paul Weinberg.208 Top and middle: Peter Gastrow.
Bottom: Paul Weinberg/South Photographs.
Chapter 7: Quest for freedom
210 Paul Weinberg/South Photographs.212–3 Social Histories, Baileys African History
Archive, africanpictures.net.214 Paul Weinberg.217 Paul Weinberg.218–9 City Press.220 City Press.222 Top right, bottom right: Steve Hilton-Barber/
Afrapix. Left: Dale Yudelman/The Star.225 Titus Nkadimeng.227 Guy Tillim/South Photographs.228 The Star.231 Top: The Star. Bottom: Herbert Mabuza/
The Star.233 Garth Lumley/The Star.235 Garth Stead/Focus Features.236 Dale Yudelman/The Star.238 Top: Paul Weinberg. Bottom: Peter Delius.
240 Riaan de Villiers.244 Riaan de Villiers.
Landscape, southern Mpumalanga highveld.
Index
Acheul, Saint 28
African National Congress 14, 177, 211
Afrikaans 23, 213
Amaswazies 51
America 41, 68, 166
Amersfoort 153
Amnesty Committee of the Truth and
Reconciliation Committee 233
Anglo American Corporation 158, 172
Anglo-Boer War 93, 101
Anglo-Zulu War 85
Angola 234
Apiesdoorndraai 151
Arkone 47
Asia 41
Azanian People’s Liberation Army 14, 232
Babanango 204
Badfontein 35
BaKoni 35, 43
Bantu Affairs Department 14, 201
Bantu Authorities 216
Bantu Authorities Act 216
BaPedi 202
Barberton 4, 27, 28, 115, 123, 125, 127, 140, 141,
143, 147, 149, 163, 166, 167, 168, 169, 183,
184, 200
Barberton Mountainland 24
Barlow Rand 166
Battle of Majuba 94
Battle of Ntombe River 85
Bauling, Missionary 78
Beaumont Commission 183, 187
Bechuanaland 51
Berg Maleos See Thaba Ntsho
Berlin Mission 11, 19, 54, 62, 68, 69, 71, 75, 77,
108, 155, 207
Berlin Missionary Society 68, 69, 75, 77, 155,
207
Bethal 151, 177, 183, 189, 194, 195, 196, 199, 235
Bezuidenhout, Piet 93
Biko, Steve 213
Blaauwboschkraal 37
Black Mountain See Thaba Ntsho
Black Sash 186
Blyde Dam 137
Blyde River 123, 137, 143
Blyde River Canyon 123, 137
Boleu, Chief 61, 62, 64, 65
Boomplaats 36, 40, 155, 185, 186, 201, 202, 203
Bopedi 203
Botha, General Louis 107
Botha, P W 221
Botšhabelo 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 108, 155,
186, 187, 70, 207, 208, 209
Bottomley, Colonel 107
Breyten 233
Britain 67, 80, 83, 85, 95, 101, 149, 156, 181, 182
Brooklyn Youth Organisation 14, 229
Brugspruit 159
Buller, Sir Redvers 102
Bulwer, Sir Henry 83
Burger, J J 49
Burgers, President T F 78, 80
Bushmen 28
Bushveld 54, 124
Caldwell, E 124
Camden power station 175
Cape 87, 35, 49, 53, 57, 80, 83, 121, 123, 133,
188, 211, 214, 216, 239
Cape Colony 123
Cape Town 9, 35, 121, 133, 188, 239
Carnarvon, Lord 80
Carolina 183, 184
Catch a Fire 235, 239
Cetshwayo 67, 81, 82, 83, 85
Chamber of Mines 230
246 Index
Chamusso, Patrick 234, 235, 236,
237, 239
Chemical Workers’ Industrial
Union 14, 230
Chrissiesmeer 113
Coetzee, S R 184
Colley, Sir George Pomeroy 93, 95
Columbus Stainless 173
Communist Party of South
Africa 212
Confederation of South African
Trade Unions 14, 230
Congress of the People 212
Crocodile River 56, 149, 156, 200
Da Gama, Vasco 206
Daggakraal 186
De Kaap River 152
Delagoa Bay 41, 55, 78, 149
Delmas 113
Dennilton 239
Department of Co-operation and
Development 204
Department of Environmental
Affairs and Tourism 135
Department of Lands 200
Dingaan 59
Dingane 58
Dinkwanyane, Johannes 71, 74,
75, 76, 77, 79, 103, 104, 155, 186,
201, 202
Dinkwanyane, Micha 103, 104, 155,
186, 201
Dinkwanyane, Thomas 201, 202
Donaldson 226
Doornkop 208
Driefontein 180, 185, 186, 201, 203,
204, 205, 206, 207
Driepan 186
Drum 194, 199
Dsjate 87, 89
Duggan-Cronin, Alfred 45, 46
Durban 55
Dutch 15, 49, 129
Early Iron Age 30
East Africa 43, 93
East Rand 162, 235
Ekbo, Nils 166
Elephants Kloof 168
Embalehle Stadium 231
Erasmus, Johannes Abel 147, 148,
149
Erholweni 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 95
Ermelo 28, 158, 183, 188, 226, 227
Escom 14, 174
Eskom 161, 174, 175
Europe 41, 55, 68, 123, 158
Evander 231, 237
Fanie Botha Hiking Trail 137
First, Ruth 194
FitzPatrick, Sir Percy 124
Fort Merensky (Fort Wilhelm) 71,
74, 108
Fort Mpisana 106, 129
Francis, Captain H F 129
Freedom Charter 212
Free State 49, 59, 177, 181
Frere, Sir Bartle 82, 83
Fruit Growers’ Exchange 156
Gastrow, Peter 208
Gauteng 17, 175
Gazankulu 192
Gencor 230
Gillespie, W 183
Grahamstown 55
Index 247
Great Sheba Gold Mine 167
Great Trek 15, 49
Groblersdal 61, 62, 207
Grützner, Heinrich 69
Gubbins, J G 89
Hall, Hugh Lanion 149, 150
H Eckstein and Company 166
Hectorspruit 43
Heidelberg 115
Heunis, Chris 218
Highveld 4, 13, 160, 172, 173
Highveld Steel 172, 173
H L Hall & Sons 149, 150
Hlube 81
Holkrans 107
Industrial and Commercial
Workers’ Union 14, 187, 188
Industrial Development
Corporation 14, 173, 177
Inskeep, Ray 35
Iron Age 17, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36
Iscor 172
Jane Furse 203
Jeppe, Carl 51
Jock of the Bushveld 124
Joes Luck Drift 152
Johannesburg 4, 177, 194, 195,
198, 199, 202, 205, 212, 213
Johannesburg Fort 195
Johnson, Andries 225
Joubert, Hendrina 81, 93, 95, 169
Joubert, Piet 81, 93, 169
Kaap valley 140
Kaatjie 59
Kabu 69
Kalkfontein 199
KaNgwane 191, 204, 217, 221, 222,
223, 224
Karoo 49
Kendal 175
Kessler, S V 121
Kgobokoane 219
Khalatlolu 69
Kibit 59
Kimberley 60, 61
Kinross Gold Mine 230, 231
Kitchener, Lord 102, 114
Kleinhause, A G 183
Klein Spekboom River 143
Kliprots River 143
Kliptown 212
Knobel, Dr Rocco 137
Komati Power Station 174
Komati River 24, 174, 200
Koornhof, Dr Piet 206
Kopa 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 71
Kranskloof River 143
Kritzinger, General P H 102
Kruger National Park 19, 31, 128,
129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136,
137, 138
Kruger, President Paul 93, 129,
137, 169
Krugerspost 111, 147
Kuper, Hilda 46
KwaMaza 43
KwaNdebele 192, 214, 217, 218, 219,
221, 222
KwaZulu 35, 204
KwaZulu-Natal 35
Lake Chrissie 28, 113, 114, 142, 143
Lake District 113
Land Bank 156
248 Index
Lanyon, Sir Owen 93
Late Iron Age 35, 36
Late Stone Age 28
Lazarus, Esreal 151
Leandra 211
Lebombo Mountains 41
Lebowa 192, 218, 228, 229
Leolu Mountains 87, 89
Leyds, Dr W J 169
Limpopo 7, 51, 129, 131
Limpopo River 51
Lindile High School 226
Lithuania 151
Lochiel 204
Logan 112
London 85, 156
Loskop Dam 136, 139
Loskop Dam Game Reserve 136
Lourenço Marques 105
Loveday, Richard Kelsey 127, 129
Lowveld Fisheries Research
Station 139
Luke, Derek 235
Lüneburg 85
Lusaka 223
Lutika 59
Lydenburg 28, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41,
51, 60, 65, 68, 75, 76, 77, 78, 102,
103, 108, 110, 113, 123, 127, 138,
147, 148, 149, 151, 155, 167, 183,
184, 190, 192, 199, 203
Lydenburg Platinum Areas
Company 199
Lydenburg Republic 123
Mabhogo, Chief 62, 63, 65, 66
Mabuza, Enos 221, 222, 223, 224
Machadodorp 36, 37, 101
Machel, Samora 238
Mafolofolo 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80,
155, 186
Magabe, Petrus 202
Mahlalela, Fish 224
Mahlangu, Chief 95, 99
Mahlangu, King David Mabua
Mapoch 221
Mahlangu, Nyabela 95, 99
Mahlangu, Prince James 221
Majuba 93, 94, 95
Makeba, Miriam 224
Malatji, Robert 200
Malelane 43
Mambane 226
Mampuru 89, 95, 99
Mandela, Nelson 202, 213, 239
Manok, Jacobus 151, 155
Mantladi, Jacob 69
Mapoch War 95
Mapog 63, 65
Maputo 55, 161
Marble Hall 207
Mariepskop 123
Marley, Bob 224
Marloth, Rudolf 141
Masha, Gawie 199
Masha, The 199, 200
Mashishing 203
Mataffin 149
Matala 41
Mathebe, Chief Tlokwe 219
Matlala, Chief Mokhomo 207
Matsitsi 105
Mbandzeni 67
Mbelini 67, 85
Mbokodo 218, 219, 221
Mbuthuma, Isisi 230
Mbuzini 232, 233, 238
Index 249
Merensky, Alexander 69, 71, 74,
108
Middelburg 71, 103, 108, 120, 127,
158, 161, 173, 183, 194
Middelburg Colliery 161
Middle Stone Age 28
Milner, Lord Alfred 118, 181
Minerals Engineering 172
Mkhize, Paris 205
Mkhize, Pickson 206
Mkhize, Saul 204, 205, 206
Moçambique 49, 51, 55, 105
Moll, Commandant Piet 105, 106
Mosterthoek 155
Motetema 207
Moteti 219
Moutse 218, 219, 220, 221
Mozambique 135
Mozane 58, 59
Mpanani, Samuel 233
Mpande 58, 59, 81, 82
Mpanye, Hezekiel 202
Mpindo 58
Mpisana 105, 106, 107, 129
Mpumalanga 4, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,
21, 23, 27, 33, 35, 37, 40, 85,
129, 140, 142, 143, 147, 150, 158,
163, 174, 177, 179, 186, 211, 233,
239
Msibi, Steve 204, 206
Mswati 51, 66, 67, 82
Mthonga 81
Nachtigal, Albert 58, 59, 68, 77
Namaqualand 49
Natal 35, 57, 67, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86,
93, 127, 187, 211
National Party 14, 15, 21, 190, 212
National Union of Mineworkers 14,
230
Native Farmers’ Association of
Africa 186, 203
Ndebele (Mzilikazi) 51
Ndebele (Ndzundza) 9, 43, 46 61,
62, 63, 64, 65, 89, 95, 99, 105,
217, 218
Ndwandwe 43
Nelspruit 28, 31, 149, 156, 175, 178,
189
New Age 194
New York Stock Exchange 163, 177
Ngodwana 162, 163
Ngomane 200
Nguni 23
Ngwe 81
Ngwenya, Ntshebe 186
Nienaber 206
Nieuwenhuize, Martin 199, 200
Nkosi, Mandhlesilo 187, 188
Nooitgedacht 111
Norway 173
Novobord Group 162
Ntombe River 82, 85
Ntswaneng 87, 89
Ntuli, Piet 218, 219, 221
Nxumalo, Henry 194, 199
Nzunza 58
Ogies 174
Ohrigstad 28, 49, 50, 59, 66
Olduvai Gorge 27
Olifants River 105, 136
Oppenheimer, Harry 172
Orange Free State 49, 59, 181
Orange River Colony 181
Outspan International 156
250 Index
Paardekraal 93
Pan Africanist Congress 212
Pedi 15, 19, 43, 44, 45, 51, 61, 62,
63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 74, 77, 78,
79, 80, 81, 82, 86, 89, 93, 95, 99,
102, 103, 105, 108, 45, 119, 47,
155, 185, 187, 199, 218, 238
Phalaborwa 41
Phillips, Lionel 166
Phiring 202
Phosa, Matthews 233
Pietermaritzburg 55, 67
Piet Retief 183
Pilgrim’s Rest 123, 149, 166
Place of Fortified Caves See
Erholweni
Place of the Elephant See
Khalatlolu
Polokwane 41
Pondoland Revolt 216
Pongola River 82, 83
Poqo 232
Port Elizabeth 55, 60, 61
Portuguese 41, 43, 49, 51, 55
Potchefstroom 93, 99
Potgieter, Andries Hendrik 49
Potgieter, Field Cornet Jan 107
Pretoria 7, 51, 89, 95, 99
Pretorius, Marthinus Wessel 93
Pretorius, N J 112, 113
Prinsloo, Commandant 114
QwaQwa 204
Radio Freedom 224
Ramapodu 65, 71
Rand Mines 161, 166
Ranthla, Louisa 209
Rashid 234
Reid, Charlie 126
Rietfontein 203
Robben Island 213, 239
Rooiberg 41
Rooikrans 110
Roossenekal 35, 62
Rudolph, Gert 67
Rumpff Commission 223
Sabie 41, 129, 162, 166
Sabi Game Reserve 129, 130, 131,
133, 134
Sabi River 129, 130, 131, 133, 134,
143
Samancor 173
San 28, 31, 33, 113, 114
Sandeman, E E 71
Sappi 162, 163
Sasol 14, 176, 177, 230, 234, 236,
237
Sasolburg 177
Schadeberg, Jürgen 194
Schikkerling, Roland 110, 111, 112
Schoeman, Commandant 105
Schoeman, Gerrit 59
Schoeman, Hendrik 137
Schoemansdal 49
Schoonoord 69, 118
Schoonoord Conference 118
Secunda 176, 177, 231, 236
Sekhukhune 49, 71, 80, 86, 89, 92,
95, 102, 119
Sekhukhune II 102, 119
Sekhukhuneland 35, 77, 95, 216,
228, 229, 238
Sekhukhuneland Revolt 216
Sekhukhune Party 102
Sekwati 51, 77
Seme, Pixley ka Isaka 186, 203
Index 251
Sewushane, Martinus 69
Shangaan 105, 151
Sharpeville 212
Sheba Gold Mine 167, 168
Shepstone, Theophilus 80, 81, 82,
83, 85
Sibande, Gert 194
Sikobobo, Chief 107
Simmer & Jack Mines Limited 166
Singwitsi Game Reserve 131
Sjambok 112, 113
Skosana, Jacob 221
Skosana, S S 218
Slovo, Joe 234, 235
Smith-Dorien, General H L 114
Somcuba 66, 67
Sophiatown 205
Sotho 23, 71, 186, 204
South African Communist
Party 14, 212, 234
South African Congress of Trade
Unions 232
South African Cooperative Citrus
Exchange 156
South African Museum 35
South African National Parks 135
South African Native National
Congress 186, 211
South African War 15, 19, 101, 103,
104, 111, 118, 120, 121, 129, 130,
148, 149, 155, 181, 211
South-East Africa 93
Soweto 213, 225
Spekboom River 76, 78, 143, 148
Springs 162, 235
Standerton 99, 109, 112, 127, 183,
188, 212, 213
Steelpoort 35, 43, 47, 103, 199
Steelpoort River 43, 47, 103
Steelpoort Valley 199
Steinaecker’s Horse 105, 106, 107
Sterkspruit 202
Stevenson-Hamilton, James 128,
129, 130, 131, 133, 134
Steyn, A 184
Steynberg, Coert 137
Steyn, Hermanus 59
St Helena 110
Stubbs Commission 183, 187
Swazi 4, 15, 19, 43, 51, 57, 60, 61,
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 46, 78, 79, 82,
85, 89, 105, 186, 187, 204, 221
Swaziland 66, 67, 223
Sweden 173
Tambo, Oliver 202
Tanzania 27
Temba 233
Tenbosch 200
Thaba Ntsho 61, 62, 64
Thonga 105
Thorometsane, Victoria 174, 201,
202
Three Sisters 43
Transalloy 237
Transvaal African Congress 14, 187
Transvaal Anglers Union 137
Transvaal Coal Owners’
Association 158
Transvaal Consolidated Lands and
Exploration Company 200
Transvaal Gold Mining Estates 14,
166
Trekboers 49
Treur River 143
Tsonga 4, 23
Tswana 23
252 Index
Uitenhage 60, 61
Umkhonto we Sizwe 14, 177, 213,
232
United Democratic Front 14, 214
University of Cape Town 9, 35, 121
Utrecht 67, 81, 82
Vaal River 51, 83
Valentyn 59
Vanadium Corporation 172
Van Hoepen, E C N 36
van Niekerk, S G J 137
Venice 41, 43
Verwoerd, Dr H F 191
Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power
Company Limited 174
Viljoen, General Ben 105, 107, 110
Volksraad 15, 127, 169
Volksrust 114
von Bezing, Ludwig 35
Voortrekkers 49
Vryheid 107
Wakkerstroom 85, 143, 183, 193
Walker, W M 129
Wangemann, T 54, 62, 70
Waterval 37, 76, 103, 112, 155
Waterval Boven 37
Waterval Valley 103, 155
White River 28, 131, 156, 162
Wilge power station 174
Witbank 28, 154, 158, 159, 161,
172, 174, 188, 237
Witwatersrand 7, 9, 11, 101, 174,
203
Wolseley, Sir Garnet 49, 86, 89
World War One 156
World War Two 134, 156, 177
Zambia 223
Zoutpansberg 59, 216
Zulu 4, 15, 19, 42, 51, 58, 66, 67,
80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 107, 120, 186,
204
Zululand 81, 82, 107
Zwane, Simon 226, 227