ensuring utmost transparency - piana oberg korff (2014)

8/9/2019 Ensuring Utmost Transparency - Piana Oberg Korff (2014)

1/51

Ensuring utmost transparency

Free Software and Open Standards under theRules of Procedure of the European Parliament

By Carlo Piana and Ulf berg

with foreword by Professor Douwe Korff

Prepared at the request of


2/51

E >@ J -- F @

' @ @ @ E@

>

A@E'+*#'! ,&(+, ,*a'+)a*e'c 3F*ee S(,/a*e a'd O)e' S,a'da*d+

'de* ,e R%e+ ( P*(ced*e (,e E*()ea' Pa*%#a&e', @ G@/EFA G @ E@>@K C> @1@ +>R2 @ @3 D !g4.

* K @ @ > % 15 >> $

15 2014. %@>@ @

@ K@@ >=.

* >>@ @ - K @ - K E@ -

>@aA> #- > > K @>.

* = @ >>@ >@ @C C@A@-A>= 4.0 I@@-@> @.

* @ @ K >@ @ >@.

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

2
http://greens-efa.eu/http://greens-efa.eu/http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Ensuring_utmost_transparency_--_Free_Software_and_Open_Standards_under_the_Rules_of_Procedure_of_the_European_Parliament&diff=17300&oldid=16920http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Ensuring_utmost_transparency_--_Free_Software_and_Open_Standards_under_the_Rules_of_Procedure_of_the_European_Parliament&diff=17300&oldid=16920http://en.euwiki.org/Jonatan_Walckhttp://sirireiter.dk/http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/Assetdetail.aspx?id=3a50e246-d3c4-4ae8-9068-ce3249307d15http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/Assetdetail.aspx?id=3a50e246-d3c4-4ae8-9068-ce3249307d15http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/Assetdetail.aspx?id=3a50e246-d3c4-4ae8-9068-ce3249307d15http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/Assetdetail.aspx?id=3a50e246-d3c4-4ae8-9068-ce3249307d15http://sirireiter.dk/http://en.euwiki.org/Jonatan_Walckhttp://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Ensuring_utmost_transparency_--_Free_Software_and_Open_Standards_under_the_Rules_of_Procedure_of_the_European_Parliament&diff=17300&oldid=16920http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Ensuring_utmost_transparency_--_Free_Software_and_Open_Standards_under_the_Rules_of_Procedure_of_the_European_Parliament&diff=17300&oldid=16920http://greens-efa.eu/http://greens-efa.eu/


3/51

@ C@d Ad *> C@@d F

d @ @>Kd * C@@> @> %@@ @ E@ ^ >@ I @

I> C@ C@ A +*@@K

^ * @> %@@ @ A I@@: A B I@ F @%@ @ ?f * *f C F@@>

E@+@@

f A> 10 @ E@C@@@ H@

^ > %@@f * $ =

D> @

^ C@ B@ "%@>K >" "+ *@@K"

^ $@ @f - >

I@@f * G8 %@ D Cf - E+ I@@

@f - >

I@@ @@>K @ @ %@G@@

^ D %@@ @">"?

^ D ">" @ (>)F @ %@?

d F @ @ @ @>K^ F @ %@ @

f * E@I@>K F=.1

f * E@I@>K F=.2

f * +! h@@f * I@@ h@@ (@

J> )

f #@K h@@f * FC^ F @ %@

(F%)f Dh@@f I ?

^ = @^ F @ %@ @

@@f CKf (%@) D

d > >@^ E> K

f B @@ @ @

f A @ >K >@

f #>@ >^ >@ @ @

@^ >>@ @ K

d C@>@d $

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

3


4/51

F@@B P*(e++(* D(/e K(*.

* >K, @ >

@ @ @ @ - >>@@ @ - > @ >> @-@ ( > >@). "+- @@K" @-> @@ @>K @@ > @ @ . * >@= @> @-

> @ @ > @ =@ @ >>>@@ ^ @ g->K > . A K @ , g-@ @ >>- @@(" @@") @ @ , @- , @ @>@@ @ @@K. * - >> @@ @ @-@> > >@, > @ > >@-, @ , -@; > @ >>@ >> K> >> @. >@a K @-

" @@K" >>K@ > @ >@@, J>>@ > @- >K @ @ >J >@ : @ >, E+ > @@

C F@@> EC @ > @-

@ @ C@ @@ -, K, @@ @ , @-> @@, @-@K @ >@

@@@ (A), G8 %@D C @ @ @>K >> @ @@ @- ; E@ I@->K F= (@ 1 @2), @ @ ( >K ->>K h@) @ "->"FC, F% @ > K -@ @ >,@> . *K >= >@ > @ @ @ @ @>@ I@,@ @ +!.

C>>K, @- @ >> @ >>K > @ @ >, @> K

g> @@ @-@ @ I* K >@ = E@ >@ >K @ >>K >> -@ " @@K".* >> K -@ @ =@

>K ( @ K @>>--K >@ >> >->K@ ). I @@ K = -@. , > > >-@ >>K @@ > -@ = @ " @@K" @@. * -

@@ > >>K >-@: >> @@ -

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

4


5/51

K, @>K @ > -@, @ @ +@@ @ @K.

L('d(' 15 N(e&be* 2014.

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

5


6/51

@ >@ @ J* K > K G@/EFA, = K >-@K @, E@ -

>@ @ @ @-@K >@ @ > F - @ %@ @.5

* K, @ @> @ @> , @> @@ @ @@ @-, @ J@, F @ %@ @, =@ @ , @K.

D>>@ @> @> @@ @ > >@ >>K >> -@, J@ K. C@>K,

K @@ >K >@ @ @ > @@ I*, K>@ >> @@ @g@ @-@ @@> @ . * @>

@ @>K.* @ >,@ > > @@ , @ >K @ >>@, > > h@ 35-;@ @@ E+ - @ @@, >>@ >@.

* K @> I*, @ @ @

@ J>K, -> > @ @ @ @@ @ > -@ @ @ > -@.

F@>>K, K @>K @@ @ @> @@ @ F @%@ @, @ K @@ .

A> > @ @, K @>K @

@@@ @> %@@ @ E+ >, @ -> @ @ @F @ %@ @.A @ > @ >@ (EC) $1049/2001 @ K > 116, @ @ > K. +@->K -

@ @ > >@ @@ @ @-@ @ >>, K @@ = @ > @ ->@ @ @ > > @ >@. H, -@ @ K >@ @ @, @@ @>K K@@ > @ -@ @ >> @ @ K@>.

*, @ @>K @- > @@ >@ @>

@@ @ @ @F @ %@ @.

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

6


7/51

C@@ @

E@

> L>@ @ L

C@>>> @ C@ A

*>@ J> 115 > E@ >@ 6

"1. >@ >> @ @ @@K, @ -@ @ - A> 1 *K@ E@ +@@, A> 15 *K @ F@@@ E@ +@@ @ A-

> 42 C F@-@> E@+@@."

* E@ >@ @ @ @ @ @ @>K @-@ >> @ >> @, > E+ C >

@@ @ @>@> E+ >, @ @@ @@-> @ . I@ $>@ C@>, E@ >@ - >>:

I@ @@@, >-@ , > -@ @@

@@> @L@ @@ @@ @ @- , @> @@ >-

> @ >> @ @>K @ @> -@ K @ @@ @L@> >K @-@> @@. I@ @J, >@ @ C@K >> . I @-@ -@ @@ @ @> @> @ @@> @ # > @-@ @ C@K >. ->K, @-@, @ @ >->K, @@> @ @L K @-

@@> @@.

I@ >@ # @@, @ @-> @@, >a - @ > K > - @@> >>- @>. * C @

@ "> -h@ @>a - @ > K > -" @ @>K, C@> @K @ > @@ @@>@@, @ @ @> @h@>-K. * C , " >@ C@K >> @ @> > @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

7


8/51

> @ > K C@K @@, @-@ = @ K @@> @-

@, = @ @- @@> @ @ @-K @ -@@".

> , @>K >> @-@ > @.F, >> @ @ > @-

$>@ C@> @.7@, @ @-@ > 115, >@ >>@ @ @@>> @@ K @ @ >> @, @@, @/

@ E+ L@. *, C>>K >@= > @ @@ @> @@.

A@ > C, C@K@@a @@> > - @ @@> @-@@ @ @ @@. * @> >, >>K @@ >@ @ @ @, @ @ @-=@ -. I >> @> >>@ K @>>K @ >K @ @

>> >, K @ @@ @ @ @>.

*, @@> > @@ @@ @E@ L@ @ @, @-@, > K E+ @-

@. *K @ @@ @ E@ L@ > c =@c @ @ @ E@ @@, - @ K -K, @ =@ ">>K > L@c. I@ @ @> > @ > @@

> K E+ @@,E@ L@a c =@c@ c >>K ->c @ @-=@ @ >.

A >@K @>@, >115 @ @ > @ @K @ E@ L@. $>, >@ @@> >

K @ @ @>> @, @ K @ @ >> g-S- , @ @ @ @@>-@ E+ C. I@,> > > @ @ >115 @ @ @> -> @ @ @@ @ A> 263*FE+ @ @@@ > @>>K K -.

I@ > Ca @ . C@>, > @ J@ - @> @ E-

@ +@@ @. I@ ->, C >K >@a @>@ @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

8


9/51

@-=@ i-@, E+ >>, @-@> @> > > @ J- @-

K @ >K.8$ @>K >@ -@ > >> @ - @ @@K, @ >> >@ @> %@-@ @@ @ * @ @ C, @ A I@@ @ A. 10 E-

@ C@@@ @ H@ @ F@@>F (ECH).

@ '

@ A @ L@>@: A B @

L>@ F @

?* h > >>@ > -@ > K C@K @-@ = 7 FK 1992@ # @ F@> A # *K.9.I@ D>@ $. 17 A,

# @ >@@@ @ @@K @-=@ @ @ C-@K @@. $K, @-> @@ @ E@ +@@> > , K J > 115 = >, @ @@> * E@

+@@.

A> 1(2) @ A> 10(3) *K >@ E@+@@ (*E+) @ E-@ +@@ @ =@

"@>K >" @ 3 5>7>K3 ;4>7 L@.

I@ , A> 15(1) *FE+ @ @@ @ @ -@ > K, +@@a @-@, , g @ @ @ = @>K >. A@ h - A> 15(3) *FE+, @KL@ +@@, @ @K @> >> @ @ @ @ g @ #, @ +@@a @@,, g, @ @, - , @ @@ h@@ @ .#, @ @ A> 15(3), @> @> @ > @@ > @@@ -@ @ K E@ >@ @ C@>

E@ +@@, K @ >@, @ @ @ @K >> . I@@ - A> 15(3) *FE+, @-@, K, g @K @ @ @-@ @ > @ @> h @

@ @, @@ >@ -

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

9


10/51

@ @ A> 15(3) *FE+.

I > @ G@> C > A> 1, . 2 E+ @ A> 255

EC @ g, @> @ > @ @ @@. * h @ @ ">"10, @ @ @ @ >K@ @ @@@> >@,@ >@@ > @@ @ @ -

@ .11I@ g@ @ -

>, G@> C "@> @-@" 12, @ "@> @@K" 13, @ h@@ @@>> @ @-@ @ @

> "@> @@" @ @> -@>K. * >K G@> C, > :

F >K@ A-> 4 >@ EC $ 1049/2001 @ > E@ >@, C@>@ C@ @, @ @ @ @-@. * >a - @ @-@ @>K @@ @ @@ @ @@ @ @ >K K @

@@ >K @K

@@ @@>.14

* , @ > @ @ - @ K C.I@ C@> H>, C @ h@ @K > @ "J@ @> @@" @ E@ +@@>.15

B @ >= >K @ -> E+ C, @ -> C@> @ ECB, ECB @-

K J@ @ E+ > @@> >> @> @> @ @ E+ @@. I >- @ @ @> @ @ @- @ E+ "@ @ @> K C@K > -, @>@ ECB, K - @@> - K C@K >>

@> @> >", > >>>K @ A> 23.3 ECB > , @ >> @@@ @>, > @ >. *G@> C @ @-@> @@ @ `@ a @ `>

>, @K, > -

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

10


11/51


12/51

E@ +@@ >> @ J> @ .21

#, A. 10 *E+ @ @> K (>>K

A> 10(3), @ - A> 1) @ A> 15*FE+, >@ @@,@@, @@K @ @.

A 10 E@ C@@ @ H>

'

* >@ @> @@ @ E+ > @ -@ K >>> >@ > E@ C H@ . I@ G @ %- . I>K, C > @@@ A. 10 ECH >K - @ -

@ @ @@ >>@ . I > @ @ @@ , @ @ , >@ >-> @ @ @@ @ @ 22>>K, *TT LT @@ @@ >. H, C @ @>K @ @@ @@ b @@c@ K @@ @@.23

I@ @ K >>, @ -@@ @ >K, @-@ b @-@c " @@". * K, @ @ @ "> >>K c, @ @@ b @@c - @[email protected]

I@ @@ @@, @ @ A> 10 @

@K >@ @ @-@@> > @ @@, @> @@ > K > -@, @ >, H@ C, G@> C@$. 3426.

* H@ C @ @

@ @@ J@ @ @@. A> 19, 2 @-@ > K > . @-@ @> > K > K, > @ @@ , , @ @.A C @ G@> C@ $. 16, @A> 17 C@@, K @-> > -@ @ @ @>>> , ,@ , @> @ h>, @ . 3 G@>

C@ >>:

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

12


13/51

3. F J@ @K @@ >-L@ @> @-@K @ @>K , @ @, @> -

@ @ @ @.

#, g @@, - > >K @ -> @ @@ @@ > @. >= K g @ K,

, g, @ > - @@. I@ J@, C >@= >@ @@@ @ @@ -@>:

15. > =@ J@

>@ @ @@ @@@ @>, @@ @ > >@ @@ -@@ K, -@>>K @ @-@ @ >.* @ >> @= J@@ @ @-@ @ @>K -

>K @ @> @. > = >> @K @@@ @ @ @ @> .

* @> @@ @ @@ - ] @ @ ] @-

@ @ =@ @>K > @ >>K -

> L@, @ , @, L@ @ -@ @@ ( @ @ @>K

@@ @ @ @) 3@6 @@ @>@ > >@ -L@ K (@ , -@ @ @@ @-).27.

E @ *K A @ " >>" > @ >@ E+*. +@ @ - A> 207(3) EC C@-> >K h@ " @ @ @ >> K" >-> @

@ A> 255(1) EC J-.

I@ > @K >>-@, > 6 @ > ->@ $ 1049/2001 " > @ @ @ @-@ @ @ >>K." * *K A

@@ @ @@, @ @ @, @ >@@ @ `>-> Ka C@>, @ . I @ @ @J J@ C@> @ @ ">> K", =@>-@ > >@ , @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

13


14/51

@>, J @ >> @ @> @@ @ @@K28.

%@ @, @ g@ K J -

@ @@> >>@ @ E+">>@", @ # >> @ E+ ">->", ">> " K C@> @ E@>@ @, @>>KK > @@> ">>", =@ @ @>K@ @

@> @ . I@ @, K @@ @ K - @ >-K.

A A G@> >K@ @ C C\280/11 C@-> A I@ E29:

"a>@a , K h@@, >-=@ K @ - K @ @>K > @ @ @, @ @, `@@a. %-, > @ > `>a -@ J@ >> K , K @@ >-K @ @> .I@ @ K, > L@ h@ >>, @ @, L@ > @> > @ >->>K @>, K K >>

@. I@ @J > , @@K

>K =K > g@ >@ @ .>, @ @ -, @@K

K h @@ >, @ >>- - >@ > >@ >> >."

I@ ,30 C >

C@> >@ -> @ K @@-> @ @@@, @ >, > @@ @ @ -> @ > @@ @ @@. I @ C@> @@ >> K, -

>>K >@ @@ @-, @ @> L@ >>K @ @-=@ , @ @@ @K, @ g @ @> L@ @ K.

* >>@ > @ -> >@ $ 1049/2001 >@ @ :

"`(1) * @ A> 1 *K @ E-@ +@@ @@ @- @@, @ *K = @ @ @ @

> @@ @ > E, @ @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

14


15/51


16/51

@. A > >@ @ -@ >> @-@a @. #, >= @@K

> @-@@>@ > >K @@ @ @a >K @-@, @ @ @-@, @, @@>K, >- @ >> @ @ -@.

$ @ > @ @D@-#=@ @ A - @ E@@@> # (`C@@@a), @ @ @ 30 % 2001. * C@-@@ @ `>>a ^ - @@, > -@, @ @> >>@ >:

`@@ , @ h> @@@, - @@ @ >@ @ @-=@

@@ >K @ ->@@ @, @- > @ @@@> , > @K J @@ @ @> > = @ @@,A@ K -@>K @ @@K

@ @-=@ @

@@ > -@ @ @@@,@@ >K @@K @ >> @ @@ @ @@ >>-

>@ @> C@@@ @ @a.

* @ @@ A> 2(2) >-> # J> D - >>@ @ h@@ `> Ka, `@ @ @

>> Ka.* C@@@ @

> E@ C@K KC@> D@ 2005/370, (3) @-@J @@ >@ K E@ C@K (` D>-@a) , @ >-@, >>:

`I@ >@ A> 9 A C@@@ E-@ C@K @ C@@@ = @ A> 2(2) @ A> 6 D. * @ # E-@ C@K >-K, @ J@> @ @- >K h @@,

J> @ @@@ > @ - @ >@ @ @ @-@. * h-@ K E@ C@K A C@@@ @- @K @ K # E@C@K J@

@ > A> 2(2) @ A> 6 D.a

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

16


17/51

I@ K@ C@@@ @ 20 #K2005, @ > @, @ >@, >>:

`@ > @ @>@ A> 9.1 - - > -@ =@ K >@, G@@ @ #@@ @>@ > g> @.a

I@ @ D 2003/4,33> @ @-> = @@-@> @@ > K >> @K >@ . H, D - # J> > @ @ >> K h@@ `> -

Ka. I@ @, K - @ K @, > > >K g @h@>K @ @h@>K K >.

I@ @@ @ F>> *,AG @ > >>:34

* @ @ >> @@ > @@ >>=@ @@@ @ K ^ @>K@ >@ @ , -@ @>@ @>K @ >@ h@>@ ^ > @

>> K @K >. I @-> @-

@ =@ @ @ @>>K h @-@ @@ @ -@, > >>K, @

@ - @ @ -@ @@. K@ @ >, @ > @@ ->> C@@@ D, >> K = > @@> K. I @->>K @ @K, @ @ > >@ @@, > @ >>> @ @ > ( > @ @-K) @ @ >>K J-@> @ ^ @ , , @>>K @ @ @

@ >> -K. % @ @ >>K J-@> @, ,@ @ > @ =@ @ , @, @> L@.

C@ @ B "J

@" @ "*>@

J"> 115 c>@ >>@ @- @@Kc, @ J> @@ K@ > @>

@@ @@ @ A> 1 *E+,K b@ =@ @>K >c. I@, =

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

17


18/51

> 115 ",-&(+,", @ @ " @>K >" @@.

"P? @; -: @@>. 2. % , @, @-@K; J: @.@. * > @,

, J@; J:= K K >.35"

* > @ @ @ "" @@ @@K, @ , @@ J- @@. >@

@ @ > @ @ @ @@ @ @K @-@.

* @ >@@ @ > > >, @ K@ J, @ > @ @ -> C @ @-> %@@. * g,

C > "@ @ @@ @h-@> >- @ @ > @ > @@ C@K @-@ =@ > @>K >36

A > @@ @ K C - @. * C

> @ K "@> > -> @", J@ @> @@ > >K 37I@ C@>

I@ a >, @@@ C@>a > , @ @J @ C@>a @ @ @@ @@, @ > E@ +@@, @ @. H@ -> "@> > > @",

C >:

51 H, @ @@ @ @ K @ J@ > @ @ A-> 4 >@ $ 1049/2001 @ g@ @ @(, g, C@ Q@ %> , C\404/10, E+:C:2012:393, 116).52 I@, @@ @-@ @ @= >, , @@>, h J>@ -> @ >

h>>K @ >>K @-@ @ K J@ _ @ @ A> 4 ->@ $ 1049/2001 _ @ >K@. I@ @, = @ @ @-@ @>K> @ @

>K K> (C@> A I@ E,

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

18


19/51

E+:C:2013:671, 31@ -> ).53 #, @@> @ J@ @ A> 4(2) @

(3) >@ $ 1049/2001, @@ > @ - @@-> @ @@@, @ >, > @- @ @ @ >, @ @ @@@, @ >

2 >@ $ 1049/2001,@ @> L@ - >>K @ @-=@ @@ @-@ @K@ g @ @> L@ @ K (C@> A I@ E,E+:C:2013:671, 32@ -> ).

I@ @, E@ %-@ @ @ @ A> 11@ 12 >@ 1049/2001 @ >K @ >@ @ >@ , @ > -

@, @ @ K@ >. H, %-@ @ >@> @>K @ A> 11@ 12 >@ 1049/2001 @ @@ >> > -@ " > ->" >@ =. D@ >

= > , >, @ >-

@a > @.38

A@ =@, @K -@ >@a >115 " @

@@K" @ >K, @ @ > Ca > @ @-> %@@ @ - @.

I > > > 115 -@ 1 @ @ @ @ >. *

@, @@ >@ @@, > Kg@ @, .., @ 2 > 115:

"2. D @ >@ >> >."

* @> >K >K = @ g@. %@ @, @ @ @@-> >> @> @@, >> @ J@ >.

I > @ @ @ @ @@

@ C@> @ ->@ 1049/2001, @ >K *K @, > E+ @@ = @b @>K @ >>K > L@c @ @@ >> . A @ * E@ C

F@@> > @ -@ E+ -@ b c,

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

19


20/51

@@> @ . A K> * J@ >> E+ @ @ > - >> @@

K @ @ g@ g@E+ .

$@ @

'- @ @ L@>@

D 2003/98/EC39 >

@ > @@ - @ > @ ->@ - J@ @> K > # . A> 2(4) D- 2003/98 h@ - K @ >> @ -@ > K > , > @@->

@ @> - @ > = @ . EJ-@ @ @ > >K @ > = @ @ -.

A> 3 I D @-> `G@> @>a

# >> @ , - @ >K > >>, @ >> -> > @@-> @ @ @-@ @ @ D. >, @ >> >> >@@.

> 9 >h h@-@ "@" @ @@ . * -> -, > > = @ @

>> @ , > @ , @ -@@ @ h -. > @ -, > > =@ @ > - @ K @ > >.

I@ > 16, D -

> >@= @ - > @@ @ " =@>" @ >>@ :

#=@ > >> @>>K>> @ > K > - @@@ @@>K >> >- >> @ @

- @@> @-@ J@@ =@>, @> K. * -> @-@ K >>, >>,@@> @@@>.

* I D @ @@ @>@ >> - -

@, @ @ @ - @ # > - K @@. * D -> @ -> - @ > >@, >>, @, J-@ @@. * -, - @> @ @ @@ > >>@

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

20


21/51

> =.A >>@ >= >> K>>K @> >K @ @ J>>K @ -

> @ @ @ - @ =.

I@ > 9, D > @ J@ @ # @ @@ @@> > @. I @ >K @ - @ L@ @ @,@ >@ , @-

>K @ @ K @ > @. A C@K>>, A> 41 ( -@@) @ 42 C F@@> E@+@@ @ @K -L@ +@@ @ @K @> >-> @ @ @ - g @ #

E@ >@,C@> @ C@ @.> > @- = >> -@K @ > K . > > @ @- - @, @>-@ g> J >> @@ @ @ > K -.

A> 2 I D - @ > h@@ K, @ E@ >> @ - h@ @ @ @@ >>:

6. `@-> a@ h> >@ @>K @K, @L @ J- h , @>@ @-

> @ , @ @@> ;7. `@ a @ h> - >-@@@@ >> > @K @ - - @;8. `> @ @a @ @ @ >@ @ @ , >@

h@ -@ @ @ @>K;

A> 5.1 @ >> , -> >> = -@ >> @ @K -J@ >@, @, -> @ , @ @ @

@-> . B @ >, @ >, >K > @@. H, @ ->K @ >@ > @ J @ >K >@ >

@> @ g, @K@ > @.

A> 11 I D - @ J>@@. +@ A> 11.1, - @ >> @ >> @> @ =,@ @ = >K>K J> -> @ @. C@ @@ @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

21


22/51

> >@ -@ @ >> @@ J> . +@ A>11.2 @ J> @-K @

@ > @, >K @ @@ @ J>- >> , @ >>, @ @K @, - K K. * J>- @@ > >> @@ @ >.

G8 D C

I@ @ 2013, E+ @ G8%@ D C @, G8, >@@ @ @ @ G8 a C>> A@ >@.C@ 1 C>> A-@ >@ > K % 2013 > K > >@ %@D C @ @-> @@> =. I@ E+>@@ G8 %@ DC, >@ G8 %@ D C @. 47 @ 2013 G8 -@ >>K @@ J-@ E+ >K. > @

@ > " @K @- >K E+ >>,@>@ D @ - > @@, E+ %@ D > @ @C@ > @ - @ @".

I@ > @, E-@ +@@ "

K @ @ > @-@ @@- @ @

@ @ > >->@ @ @ @@@@K. I@, , @>@ @@ , @> @K, @

@ @-@ @ @ -@ g@K > @ g@ @ @-K. * E@ +@@ @ > @-@ @ @@ @ >-@ @ @." I @-K %@ D @ E-

@ +@@ h @ @ " @@ @ " @@>, @ @>K %@ D > @K @-@ @ @ %@ G@@.

* >>@ @h K E+ =@ - @@ @@ -

@ @>K -> @ @>, @>K:

d =@ >> @ @@ ;

d @>@ @@>K;

d @@ >K,@@ @ @>@ g@ ;

d >@@ >@ >>@ K@@, >@ >@ ;

d >K@ >@

@>>> K .

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

22


23/51

* E+ @ >@ @-> G8 %@ D C >> E+ # @ @J @ @@ -

, @ > @@ >@@ D 2013/37/E+ 26 @ 2013 @ D- 2003/98/EC @ - -> @@ , -@ E+:

d @ >>K

> @@ @ @ >@ D;

d @ @ > @@(@@ ) @ >@ @@ K@@ @ J>@ @

@> ;

d J@ >@ E+D @ >>@@;

d h@ `@->a @ `@ a@ @@ ;

'- @ E* L@ @>

A >, E@ C@ >> - @ > @ @@- > @ @ 2006,@ h @ 7 A>2006 @ - C@ -@40

A@ @ > @, "A@ @ - >K C@ >> @@ K, > @ C@K @-

@, @@ @@@ @@K I@@,@ @@K @@ @ C@ -". A@, @>K@ @> @ " @@ K", @ @@ @ %@ G@@ - "@@ @-

@ @ @@K" I@-@.

I@ 2011, C@ @> = @ -@ @ @-> , > @ , @ @ %@ D > - >K @ - @@. I@ D 2012,

E@ +@@ %@ D > >@ @ > K C@ @ - E+ @@ @ .41

'- @ @ L@>@ @ @

J G@>

%>K, @

> I@@ D(I D) K E@ @@ =. A , > @@ @ , @ @ @@-@K @@ - @@.

A @ , E@ >->a %@ D @

@ K > @@ @ @ @-@ @@ J@> @K.

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

23


24/51

I@ - -@ >> = > >-@ @ . I@ , >@ >> @ @-@ @ - K >@

>@ >>K, @, -@@ @@->@ @ -=@>@ . I > >@ @ -, >@ @@ > @ @@.

$>, @ @ = > @@

@ @@@ @@.A@ , > - > @> @ >@ @> - @ @ > J> @@ > @ -@. H, @ @> @ @,

@ J> - h> @ K - @K. * K @ > > >> @@ @ J> .

%@ 18 # 2010, G@@ @ B>> (2009/10:175) @ > A@@ DK, @ @ G.%@ > @@ @ B>> > @ - @ -@@ > @-@. %@ 3 @ 2010, A(2010:566) @ - > -@@ @ @ @. * A@K >

#@@ @ -@ K J@ @> @ >> @@

@ (> ) @ J> @-@ =@ @ A-> 11 I D.

* K h @>

> K @ J> @ @ - - a @. *@@ @ @ >-@ K A@K > #@-@ > @ =@ > K @ @ J> ,

@K. * K , , @> @ -@ @@ aJ>a ( a@@a) > h@. B @ @ A@Ka @@ K, h@ -@@ @ -@ @ >@@ -@, @ @ @, @ J>

@ . A@ A@K, @> @@-K @ aJ>a > @. * A@K > #@-@ @>@ h@ a>@@ @a @ aJ-> a, @ > @> @ >> > @ = >@ @@--@K >@@ @.42

I > @ @ #2012, C@ A-K > @ @@ > -@@ @ K @

@ @ %g (%) -@ *= . * @ @ @ %-

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

24


25/51

h (%) g 2010 *= @ @- =.C @ >>= g >

@ g@ (->>b > c) @- @ @ K>K . B2010, % g @- . *% @ >-@ @ > = @ K @@. * >@@ (@-

@) - >> >=>K >> L = K % g@ @ .43. * @>K@ @ -@> I D @ >>K@ @ ""? @@K > @ @ @->K @ " -@", =, > @@ >>K @ . I@ ,@@K > > = "-

>K" @ @.F @@ @

@ > K 3C, C@@ A>K G>@(CAG)44.

E@ C@ (EC) #@- # 376 @E@ @@ CE$, CE$EEC @ E*I -@ @ > > -@ > @@

@ @@ @>(IC*) @ @ E-.45

B @@ @-@ > @ @ K

# 46* C@ @

@K 2010, >> @ E+%A - @ @ >@ CAG 2.0, >> AA -.47@ @> E@ >@.48

H, ">K" J@ @ K @ @ K@ @ I@@ @@>. * , , @ @ >K K >>-@ I* K @-> @ @>K @>, ->K @ @ @>K K -@ > @@, K >-

>@ @K @>K @- K @ > >> @ @@ @ @ @, @ ] > ] = > => h > > g@ @ > >K @-g@.

D@ "" > (@) F

?I "@@K" @ "->K @, @@ @ > >> @@" @ @ K @> @ >-

@K = @ @-, >@ K, @-@ >> @ @>

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

25


26/51

@ > > -@ +@@ @@ @ >=@ @ > @ > K >@ @ @@

. A@ J> K @@ @ @@K >K @ @ .

I@ @ @@@ > > @ g@>K K@ @>K, @ > >@@ @>-K. * g@>K >--

@ @ @>K @ @ -@ @ @.

*>@@ @>K@@ J @. * > >K @ @@ @.49

* "@@" >> @ J@> @@

@@>, >> , @-, ( @K >)@() @@ K -.

A>> @ @ @ @ @ @> @ > @-@ >> "()e'"50' @ @ @> = D $ @ *51 @ @ :

@ ->K g @@ >@ K, -@@ J> @ @- g L@a @@ @@@ -@@ @ >>

@ @@@ @-@ . * @ @>K @ @@

>@@ @ ->>K @ @ @J....C@@>K, @ @@

@@>K >-@ @>K. D- > @@@ g@> @ K>K @->K @>>K> @ @> L@ @@.

I > >-@ @-@ @@ @ > @@ K @@ -@ > @, @-@ @ @ @ > @@ ^ @

>>K @@ ^ @ @ > >, -@ > >>K > K= >@ > @ @.52 53

I @> @ @@ > @@ @> @ @ @

@@-@> . I > @> @ >> @ @ @@> @@@>K , @ ->K @> , @ > K> - >@, @ =>> >K > @@> .

A @ @ @ > K

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

26


27/51

@@, @@ @ @@@ @@> @ -. @ >@ >@,@ ,

@@> > , ->K @ >@ -@ K . B K I@-@ @ @@, >> @@ @@ @ I@@ >> @, J-@@> , @ =, @->@ E@ >@.

I@@ @@, I@@ @@ @ >>@ > @ = @ .54 @@ @ J@ @ @ @ K @= @ @. I @= @ > @

>K >> @ g@. $ @K @@ @> I@-@ @.

B > I@@@ = > @ @-, @ @ @@, > @ > > >K >-> @ . I@ K, - @ @ "K ->" @ >> K -@. K- >, >= @>@ $ @@> J> >> @ @@. E@K@ K @ @h@>

> @@>, @@ @ >@ >> @>K K @ =

@ .55%@ @ ->, , >> @ @@- @ @K @K > @ @ @

>> @K =@ @, @@, @ @>,@ >> >@, @@ . * @> K h@@ "@ @-". @ @> @ @ JK "@@-K". 56 H >> "F @ %@" @ -@>K @ @ @>K , K @>

, .

F * @ >> @ @@ h@-@ @ @ %@ @ .A>> @ E+ >> @ >K -@ @ @

- @@ > "%@" > >> @ >> K @@@K, > "%@"@ h@@ @ > @ @ >> "@" J@ K@ @ @> @

@ @ >> -@ >@@ (h

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

27


28/51

@ @) @ @-@@ @> >@-@, >>K @ @@@ @.

* @ E@

I@>K F= @ @@@ (.1 @ .2) >->K >> >.

E@ L@J F>@< .1

* E@ I@>K F-= @ @ 2003 @ -h@ "@ @ >-

, @ @ >@ K @ @-@ , > , @ ." 57I@@, @ g @ > @ @ > -@@ >> @- @ E >>K @ , K@ @ @-, @ @ E2005 A@ >@.

%@ = @.58

* @ @>K @ @J @-E@ G-@@ , @@ @ @ @- 17 . * >>@ @> h@ @ @@@ @ @ @ @ @:

d * @ @>> @@ K @--h @@, @ @@ >@ @ @@ @-=@ >> >>@ (@@ @ @h@ @ >> >K @@> . I

> >> K, @ @ @@> .

d * @>>> K - ..@ >K @ - ( ) @ >K >>@ K>K- .

d * @ @@ @

- @.

$ @@ @ @>K @ @-, @>K "" @@ @. * > @> >> >@ @ @@,

@ @>K.* =@>,

h h@ @ @@ @ g>, > @@ >>,@ E@ +@@.* @ g>>K @ 2004.57

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

28


29/51

E@ L@J F>@< .2

I@ 2006, E@ C@ @ E-@ I@>K F=.59

* g > @ D-

2010.60

>K @@ >K@K @K @,61 62

@>K @ @ @ @ @ @ >>,> >@ @ @, >K "@ h@".63

* >@ >@ "I @@ @> >@ >>", @ @ -@@ >K @@@ >>, @>K @ E@ > -, > @@+(%d )*ee* @ h-@, =@ @ @@> @,K @ = .

* K h@@ @ h-@ @ @@ @ EIF1:

I @@ @> -> @ >>:

d A>> => >K @@ >@ h@ @ > @-

=@ ;

d * h@ >> KK K;

d I@>>> K > h@

>@ @ FA$D @ K>K- @ K >>>@@ @ K @ @ .

"FA$D" @ @K "F, -@> A@ $@ D@K" @-

@, @ @ @@ >, @ .H, @ > >>K@ 64, @@ @ @ K K->K @K @ F (%@ ),>K @ "@ K>" >-@@ @@, @ F

>@@ @@. *- @ @ FA$D @@ @ >>">@@ @ K@ @ " @FA$D K h@@ @ h@.

* @ > > , @ @@ @ - J@@ h@@ %@@ @ @ @ @ (@>K, @ >, K @ >> ), @ h@@ @> @>K@ >>K @

, @ = -h @ >@,@ @ >.65 66

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

29


30/51

*! K@

> @ h @ @ K>K F @- @ >@. H- > @

> = , @ > ;4>7 h@@ %@ @.

%@ > K>K F @ >>K @ @ @ K +! G@[email protected]

12. O)e' +,a'da*d - de5'#,#('%@ @ @>K, @ -@ , J >> >>@ , @- @@ >-K:

C>>@ - @ @@ >>-

@-=@ @@ @ @-@@ @K @> ->. I@>@ @ >-@ @ @@@ @ > >> @- .

*@@K - @-=@ @@

@ >>K > K K. (*

E@ >@ @>@h@ @

@ >> @ @ 20 K >@ @ E+ %g> @> @ >>>K >K @ >> E+ 1 @K 2013.)

F - @ >, >K -@ @ >>K >> L > . - > @- @ K >@ .C > @

>=>K >>>K@ h>.#= - @

@ @J @ @@- >@, @ , K =@ @ >, ->@ @ @ @@-@.

- @> ->@@ @,@ @@ >@@ @, >@ @ K>K > @ ( > @ >@ K

%@ I@ @ ) @K >@ >@.* > -> @> >-@ @@.

L K@ ( I> @

@)A@ K h@@ @ I@a G@@68

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

30


31/51

4.1 Ma'da,(* Ca*ac,e*#+-,#c+A@ I@h @ >>>K @ b%@ @c, >>@ :

d 4.1.1 h@ @ I@h @>> >> @@> .

d 4.1.2 * @ >@K >@ I@h @ >> >> @ K>K-F > @.

d 4.1.3 I@h @>> @@@ K @--h@L@, @ >>=> @ @ @@,>> @ @@>@@.

d 4.1.4 I@h @>> >K @ >.

d 4.1.5 I@h @>> @>K-@>h@.

d 4.1.6 I@h @>> > >>L@ , >>, >> I@@g> @ >>>> @.

#J >@ K@

* @ @ %@ @ @ @@ -@ : @, @ >K@ J K>K @ @K @ ; @>@ @ >@, - @@ , > @, @ @

"FA$D" . A A 2014,= @ @ > @ 20 -@ h@@, @ @>K@K J.69

'FC"FC" (@ " FC@") h@ @ >K 67 ;7 @(@ K @@@>>K@ @ @ - > "), @@-> @ > K > @.

FC @ K @K I@@ -> @ @ >.

FC =@ > @, @ @ -@ @ @ J->@K J J. *K @ @ AA$E* @= I@@@) 70@ > . FC @ K @- >> @ @ K IE*F (I@@ E@@@ *=F)@ K > I@-@ K.

*K > @ @-, K @@ @ @ ->K >, -> = I@@ > K-71

IE*Fa FC @>>K @- %@ @, @ -@>K @ "K>K F"

%@ @, > "I>" ( > @ @> @ @ @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

31
http://ietf.org/http://ietf.org/http://www.internetsociety.org/http://www.internetsociety.org/http://www.internetsociety.org/http://www.internetsociety.org/http://ietf.org/http://ietf.org/


32/51

FC @@ @ "I@>>-> K " ^ >K @ ^ > K @-@ K) >> K>K-@ >-@@ @> @>.

72

F @ @ (F)

Dh@@

* h@@ @ F @ %@ .73

d * F Dh@@ (K F F@@)74

A a @> :

d * @ K , @K ( 0).

d * K =, @@ K@ K ( 1). A @@ .

d * K @ > K@ ( 2).

d * K h@ (3). BK @ K @ > @K @ @h K@. A @@ .

d * %@ Dh@@ (K %@ I@)

* >>K h@-@ (@>K >@ , K):75

1. F @

2. C3. D =4. I@K * Aa

C5. $ D@@ A@

@ G6. $ D@@ A@

F> E@7. D@ @8. @ # $ B h

9. @ # $ %

10. @ # B *@>K-$>

A> h@@ -@, g> ^ @K > ] h@ >@ >K@ @ h@@ @ h@@, , , >> F @ %@ (.., - >@ @ h@@) K@@K.

I ?

* @ @@@ F >@@ @@ @ .

, @@ @@, > @@ >- @ =@. F @-@, > @ J -K > >@ @- @ "@", @ @- @@ J >-

@ >-K >=# @.76I@>-K @@, @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

32


33/51

@@, > @ -.

H, @ -, @ KF @ @ K K-

= . F>> , >>K @ @> "K>"@@, @K @ K@ "L>" >@.77A @ >> @ >@ @ @K@ g@ =>> @ = -

@ "=" (=@ @ @ @ ->@ @ @ @@-@ >@ @). I@ , > >> @ @ = @ @- @@ @, K >K @ >K hJ. B@ @, >> @

>> @ >@ @-K @ @ @- >@ @ @ @ @ @K@ >@ @>> >.

* @ @ @ F @@@, @h - @ >> @ @ , @ @@ @ ( @ G@ *K) , @ @ K @-@@. * -@ @ >=-@, @ @

>@ K @ @ >> @@ @ J > @ -

>@ @ @ , @ >@ @ =@ @K -K @. @ .

@< > F @%@ @@ @ @@@ . I@ , -@@ @@> >> @-@ i @

@ @ @@> . @ @ @> =@ JL @ @@.

H, @K @,@-= @ >K >-K >>K.Bd!e,a* *e+,*#c,#('+, @-@, @ >

, @ @ @@ >->@ @@-@> .T#&e @ @@. I, @, @ >@ - @> , =>@ >, >> @ .Tec'#ca%c('+,*a#',+ > J, @ @

>K >K@@ @.

"*@> @@" @ >K @ > (-@> @, @-@ @ @>K, ) >>K >>"%(c$-#'".

=-@ @@@ = , =-@ > @ >@@

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

33


34/51

L> @@ @ . *, = @ >@ J@ @-@@, > > @ @>

, @ > @-@> @ @ @> J-@ @@@. * > @,@ @, >=-@.

=-@ >@ @ >-> @ > @-@K, K @

@@ = @ .* C@ @>K

@@@ > , >- > @->>@ = @ - ,78@ A@ 23 D> A@. 79* C-@ @h >=-@ @ -@ > @ @>K

@ @ @ ]>, @ , > h@ >K @ @@ @ =@ @ =@ @ @-@ = .

* D> A@ E

@h ">=-@" >.B>@ @ IC* K K=@ @@ > @ >> - @ @ >=-@ -.80

* @ K >=-@. * C@ -

>>K @ @ "@@", @K @@ @

@ = > @ @ "@ @". * @=@ @ @ > @ > @

>=-@ @

d A C@@ > "A@>=-@: >@ @ IC* KK =@ @@ >"81

d A g =@ @ "G @ @- IC* _ E>@ G"82

@ , @>K = @>@:

d @ > >>, @ @ @ >@ , >@ > @ >=-@.

d B > >=-@, @ C@ ( @ >, @ @), @- , >@ >>K @ @- @ @.

d $ @>K @@K @ @ @ @@>,

@@K >@ >K @-@ @ >, @@@@, >=-@ >@.

* @ = @ @ ( @, )F*ee S(,/a*e@ >=-@ @- @J. H @

@@ = @K @>@ @, @>K >=-@ -

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

34


35/51

@ >> =@ @ @@ >> =@ >@@ >@ @@@ @>-K. A @ @@ @ @>

@ F - @@ @->=-@ ( @ @ >-). A@ @@>@:

d *>K F >@ @> @.* @ @ K@> @ @> @ >@, J>J @ @> @ @ @ C@K, >K "=" @ @> > J @@ @ @K> @.83

d * >>K ,@ >K >K @

>@ @K, @ @ @= @@ .F >> K =, K @> K>.

d K @ @@ @ > >=>@ @84. F

@ >, @ @@@ >=@ >@ @, g > >>K @g >. D , F K @= g= @@ >.

d * E@ >@ > I* >@ @ @@@ I* @.I@ =@ I* @ @ , >

@> >> = .

F @I @@K @ @ > @@, @ >> @-@@ @ "" @ "@-@". @ @ @@@ E@ > @ @ >@:

d K ( @h@>K)d CK ( 6; 6a37),

K K @ @>

"> "d D ( ; 97@7;)@

@ >K J> "K" @>K. EJ , @ , = @K @, @@K > K >.

CK @ @

@ @>K.

C@J

CK @>K > E, @ @> ->> B@ C@@@, K >@@ a>> "CK D" 85.F>>K @>K@ =@ K- K@ -, @ >g@ @ @> # >@@, >>K@ J@ K.

J @>>K @ @ @ K. H, >>K =, , h@

, @>K @ @@ g@ @ @ @-

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

35


36/51

@@ ->@.

+@ > K, K > @ @

@ @ @, @->@ K@, @@, @->@ K @@. * =@ K> .>@ g@.

+@ , >K > K @

@ > @ @ >, @ @@K K @ =@ >>@ g @ @-@K @ @ @ >> >@@.

%@ @>@ I@-@ (@ @ @) >K - @ @ @-

@ @ - @@ @ @@>@ K. * > @> "K@-@" @@, -, @->@86. A@K @@ @@@ @@, @ - @ @J . K, , @ =@> >>K @ >> K K >K -> @ ->>K @@. @@>, - -@ (-h) @@ @ K @.

* @ @J @ @ @@-@ @ >@ @ J@.

I @, @ , @K @ > > >> - @@, @>@ @>-@, @@, @,

J>>K @ > @ -> K. A@ > @ h@>> @@ @ ">@", > > ">-@@ @" >K >> . @@K @@ @ @. * , @@ >> @-@

36
http://creativecommons.org/http://creativecommons.org/


37/51

87I@ @ @ - @K @ @>K >>, .., >, >> @ @K - @>K @ -@>K

. * @ >K @@K > J@ .

D @ EK D D, >-@ K .88

* D D @ @ = @h@ @-

@ @ @@, h@ @@ @@. * -@ g@ =@ K- @ @, @ - >> "; 97@7;" ( @=@) @, >= K, @- @K g @, @->@ @ @ J >, K =. *, @ > @

J >@ , @-> J@, >@@ @@ ( @> ) =.

*, @ -, @ @@ >>K, , @@K, > >@ > "%@ D".89%@ @ > @@ @K @ >> @> K -> > @.90A@ G8 @ >@ @ %@D. 91 92 93 A E,

@ @ >K I D, @ > @

K > A@@ > >> @K >94.

* E@ C@, @@ I D, @-

@ @ >> - K >> @>> > @ @ @@ @@ @, @ ->K > @ @-> -95, D@ @ - C@ @ (2011/833/E+)96, @ @ @ K -> > (A. 9). A ,

A. 8 D@ :

A> 8F @ >>

1. D@ >> >> @ @K J@ >@ @, @ @-> >@ .

2. * >> @ >K @>@ , - @ @ ->K >@, @ J -@ > @>@ g, @

K@ > @.3. * D@ @ - @K >@ C-@ @> - @ @ @K -h> >@ @ @ >K >> @ >@.4. * C@ ->@ %g K @ - @@ -@ @ K -

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

37


38/51

@ @ @ @ K @> >> @.

> >>K @>K@ >@@ K@ K, @ > @ @@ @ > 3K( ) @ >> @@-@ @-@, @ @>K @@K , @ @>>K @@K @-

@, @ %#ce'+#'!, /a#e*@ > >> > >.97

@H >> h@@ @ @ @>K @

@> @ @ g-@ >@a I* K-.

E> J>D @ > @-= @ >, >@ @@

>, > @ K @ > K @@, @>>K (@--@) @ @ > > (@--@K, @K--@K) J> @ >.

A>> # E@>@ @ g @ @> >J K @ @@> . * -

#E > @

> #E,.., @@ .

#@>, > K @ K >> =, - K @ @ -

@>, > @ @-h. * = @ >"" (@> >) (> K@ >>>>K @- @ @), @K@ >. I@ @, > @ >>>>K >> @@ -@@ @ ( >

h>@ "@", @ = >> g@ @-@ >>K > @K @), @ -@ K @-@ K @@ i >J@ (., "@-@-->" =).

B @@ @

* > K, >>K @@ (@ @@ @ >, @ @, @ @ @ @) @ @ >@ -@@.

* @ @@

d > #> *@ >

(#*)98 >K@ @@@ ;

d @ I@@ # A> (I#A)99@ %g > (%)100@, @ @ =@>> @@ .

* >@ @@ @ >>>@, @>> @ , >@ ] @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

38


39/51

">" ] g -@, @, @ @ @@ > >-> >@, @ >->>K @> .

>K J@@ -> @ , >K > #AI > >@= >@ #%>= (@ >@ >-@ >) # EJ-@ 101, > G>aG> @ A>a #> -

K >, >>K >@@ > .

I >, @ K >@/ -> = K >> g@, > @ @ @ > (> >-@ @@ @ @ @- @ K), @

@ @ >K >@ @ >-@ > - @.

A J @> @

I @ > @ @>K @ @ K @

. I@ , > >> - @.I#A @ -

>, @ g @@@ @ >@@ i -@@ @@ @ -@ @ >@ (@>K /*)102

>>K #* >> @@ @ @K@

i, > @K >>K >>#* @ .

%@ K @@, >K@> @ , K >K >> >K

K >>K @ J@. A-@ . 22.1 >@ (EC)$ 45/2001, @>> (>> K - ) >> >K >>@ >:

H@ @ >-

@@, @>> >>>@ @>@ @@> @ >> K - = @K @ @ @ @> -.

A * >>K >> @-, @ >K @->.103

* @>K @@ @ ( >@ @ @ #* @@>) h @@ ( #* @ @ >@ @@ >). %@ > > @@> K, @ @ @ > I@-@. I@ @@ @ @, @>K K >> @K@ -, > >> ->K @ K @ >@ J.

* K (-

>K)104 @K@ /#I#E105 @ %@G106, @- @ @-

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

39


40/51

, > K >@>K @@K > >@, K K@K @ @@ @ (>>K > @ >-

> @ J, @@@>K@, >> @@@ ->@@, @ =@@ I). A>- @ > @K-@ K >, >>@ @K > i > > @@K @ (@ @@@).

E@K > @@ @@ K K K @ K >=>K @- K . * > 83>7;;7, , @ > > >. I@ >K @ @K @@> @@, =@ - > >, >

, @ @ @K @K >= > @h , @ @-@ @ > @> @ .

#

E> >@K

>@ >, >>K> @ @ -@ K @ @> @. * @> @ FC5321 (@ 3.9)@ FC2369 107 > >-@.

F @ @ F% I@@ 108

>= >= @K @ @ J@> >@ > - K E@ >-

@a K, @ @ @ @ @@(""). H, @K >@ > >@ > @ >K K >@

> (@>@ @) @ @@ :@ >K-: @-@ > @ -h, @ >K > @@ > -@ @ @ @@ (@,"") @ @ >> E@

>@ E@ >@ #* .H, >>K @ @- K @ > ( @ @?3> @ @ #* @ @ g@ @ @@ -) @ E@ >@ K -

@ J@> @ >@>.

* @ = @@ @> @@K.

@>>@ @@ @ @ @

@ K, @ > @ H*#/# @. *@ @>K @ h>@ > @ K@@ @@ @ K @>>.

H, > >K = @ @ @ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

40


41/51

> @ =@ >> "@>@" @ K, , @, @ =>> > @, @ @ >> >>K

@ > @ @ @ -@ >@ ( -, , @-@ >@). A >= @ K > @-@ @, = @ >-@>>K J@ @ @>, "@" @ J@

K @ , @K @ -K @ @@ @ @> > @ -@@ @ @ > @ K @ >@ K -@@.

* # @ h =@ @ > @ @ @ @ @ @ @h> @ J@ K -> @@. 109. I >> = >@ @ @ @. A @, > > @@ = @@ @ +! C-@, @ K >@>@ @ - @>K K "@@K @ @->K @@ @ -".110 C@ K:

... @ K, > @ >> >> > @ @ @ @

>@. * K @-@K @a =@ > @ @ @,> .

I@ >@ @, @>@ @:111

d HTML @@@ @

d (%DF) I%/IEC I26300 @ >>@ @@@ @

JE>@ @@ I@-@ J >>@@ K @@>K =.

* @ @ @ @ @>@ >> @ @ @@. @>K @ >> K @@ @@@> @) K >K @ @ @@@ @ >>K @K >@@@ -- >>@ "" >@ @@ J@ --

@ @ K @L @ -

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

41


42/51

> @->.

I@@ @ @ @ >K @> K.#= K K @ >

> @> @ @ , @@@ @ @ . * E@ >-@, @K > @@, > -@ @ J@ K L@ @ K @ -@> >> @>K

@ . % , >K @ @ .

> @>@ @ =@ K E@ >-@ >@ 12 # 2014 @ + $A >>@ ,>>@ @ #-

@ @ E+ -L@a @@> @ @@>@ @ @ @ H Ag (2013/2188(I$I)):112

91. *= >>@ >@ @ @ @ @K E- = @ @> , K, @ @ -@ I* =K- ->K; @

@ , E@ I*>K > , >, @ @ @- @ @- @ > , =-@ > >K @ @ >@>K @@ @ ->;

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

42


43/51

C@@* C @ , E@ L@K, ()e'-'e++ c(',*#b,e+ ,( +,*e'!,e'#'!

(* de&(c*ac, K @>@ @ >> @@ >>. * @ , L@ E, > > , >- @ @>Ka%% ,e #'(*&a,#(' @ @ a' EU %a/.* >K @ @@ @@@@ >-> @ @ a )*ec('d#-,#(' g J de&(c*a,#c *#!,+.

G@ K@ @@> -@ @@ > @ K *, E@ >@ @ > -@ @

@@K. % K @@ "@@K" @ @>K @ @>> @ >>K 'da&e',a% de&(c*a,#c )*#'c#)%e @)*ec#+e d,#e+.

*, @> @@> >@a I* @ K

@, @>K >, > @@>K @->K . BK @@, >@ > K @ @> &(+, ()e'@ &(+, acce+-+#b%e ,( ,e )b%#c.

B K@ , @> >@@ >%e!a% *e+,*#c,#('+

(' *,e* d#+,*#b,#(' a'd +e >>, @>-@ @@@ @>K, -

@, - @ @ . @ > @@@ @ @@ @ @@K.%@ @K, >@

K, @> @ >> - @>K,- @ -> : @> @ -@ K.

@> >-> @> @@@ " @@K" @ >@ =

@ @@ >-> >, @ @@-@K, @-@ @ -- @ @-@, @ @()e' (*&a,+ - @>K, @>.

h@ %(c$-#' @e'd(*de)e'de'ce g> @>

@> @@ @ " @@K" ->@ >. I@ , >@ > @ = >- @ > @ I* K., @> >> = >@a @ K- @ > >,@ K @ J.

* %% #' %#'e @E+ > @ )b%#c )*(c*e&e', >> =@ @ @ @@@> @ > @-@ @ @@@ @ @ > @. I@ , -

@ F @ %@ @- @ @ >- h@ >

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

43


44/51

@> @ @ E+,@ @ .

F@>>K, @ > @ @ # &ea+*ab%e be'c-

&a*$+ @ F - @ %@ @. > E@ >@ >(%%(/ >, @eceed.

@> > - E@ >@> @ > =F*eeS(,/a*e @ O)e' S,a'da*d+@K >> K @

= >@. I@ , K >@ @@ " @@K".

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

44


45/51

$@1 Ca*%( P#a'a @ I>@

>h @K @#>@, @ AK@

>L@ @ I@@*@>K . H > @ E> C F @ %@ I>"C> @". 14 % 2014.

2 U% be*! F@ @#@@ @ > hR & AV. H > @ E+ @C@ > @ J@ > J@ E+ C, @ E@ C H@."+> R". 14% 2014.

3 F"G@/EFA @"> 103" K". 12% 2014.

4 P*(e++(* D(/e K(* @A %J #@

> +@K %J @ KK =@ G>> CKK CKC@; @ F>> >+@K (@ I@@K > C@ I@@ & H@ E@+@K @ @ B>@.

5 "* G@/EFA @ E@ >@ @ K @ >@ > 103 E@ >@a > >@a@, >, ,., F @ %@ @... * K >>

, @ @ J@, > 103 @ @ Ea IC* @, >,

, . (@>@@ @) F @%@ @." F"G@/EFA @ "> 103"K". 12 %

2014.6 ://.@.@.//

D@.@?'=-//E//E+'*E-E+20140701+'*E-115+DC+#+0//E$&=E$&

7 @ , J>,C, E., "F D>@ A C@KI@@: !@ $>@ . C@> E@ +@@", E@

> , >. 2, $ 4, 1996, .536 .; K, F., "aUJ @ C@> >a+@@: @@ S @>V >@@ @ @", *D . 33(1),@K-# 1997, . 37 .; B>K, !. . C., "@@ >a+@@

V@@: @ V@ @->a>?", C V@, 3-4, 1999, . 283 .; *, $., "A D@ @ C@K >:@ E@K K", *I , >. 35, 2000, . 164 . F g@@@, , J>,@>, H., "DV @@: > V@V> aU K@ >a+@@ V@@ J@ V@ >@@ @", @ @ G. F. #@@,. 809 ., R, +., E+CL@a !@: *I> A@ E@ F

I@@ A, C= E@ >, >. 2, 1999, . 303-328

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

45
http://array.eu/http://www.ifosslr.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Pianahttp://www.obergassocies.eu/en/about-us/ulf-oberghttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/people/578http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/people/578http://isp.yale.edu/douwe-korffhttps://cihr.eu/people/http://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20140701+RULE-115+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YEShttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20140701+RULE-115+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YEShttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20140701+RULE-115+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YEShttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20140701+RULE-115+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YEShttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20140701+RULE-115+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YEShttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20140701+RULE-115+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YEShttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttps://cihr.eu/people/http://isp.yale.edu/douwe-korffhttp://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/people/578http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/people/578http://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://icg.greens-efa.eu/pipermail/hub/2014-May/000130.htmlhttp://www.obergassocies.eu/en/about-us/ulf-oberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Pianahttp://www.ifosslr.org/http://array.eu/


46/51

8 @ .C@> E+:C:2014:2025, 80-81

9 B, #., A @: @> @> C@K >?, E@

(2002), . 196, 19710 @ @@

C@> @ ECB2007 EC II\4779

12 C *\14/98 H> C@>1999 EC II\2489, 87

13 C *\211/00 !2002 EC II\485, 52

14 C * 264/04 F E@>K C@>2007 EC II-911 76.

15 C C\353/99 C@> H> 2001 EC I\9565, 31

16 C 4/73 $> C@1974 EC 491, 14

17 > C@> @ ECB, 221-223

18 @ C@, C\64/05 ,E+:C:2007:802

19 C@ A H>@E+:C:2012:394, 88

20 % 2005 262, . 121 %@@ A@ C>

E+:C:2010:25822 G @ % . I>K,

19 FK 1998, M 53, @ @ D@1998\I).

23 *TT LT 2009.

24 A>@ @. 48135/06,://@..@.////

.I?=001-12095525 E@ >@ >K

D@ C @ K

C @ C> , @ H Ag (IBE):%@@, @@K @ @ @@@ @ E@+@@, >>

://.@.@./'D//@/;@/2013/493035/L-LBE$%282013%29493035E$.; >D= , A> 10 C@@@ @> > K @@>>@ @K, > ://@@.@>/2013/07/08/-10-@--@@----@--@---J--J/

26 D@ CC/C/GC/34 12 2011, M 18)

27 I@@ @ =, F= (2011)."*@@K @ *D@@". +@;7;K 8I>>;@; "3 (7;72011(4).. 1339^1358. 2014-08-08. > @ +@@> @@@

28 %@@ A G@>CL >>>W@ @ C C\280/11 C@> A I@ E,E+:C:2013:325

29 %@@ A G@>CL >>>W@ @ C C\280/11 C@> A I@ E,E+:C:2013:325

30 (E+:C:2008:374)31 @ @ * C@>,

46 @ C@> E@ +@@ A I@E, 00

32 $=> @, C>>@ @B> E+ D@-=@Eg@K J@ @@K @@@?, C@@: $ *@@ >> @@,>> ://@ @

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

46
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-120955http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-120955http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/493035/IPOL-LIBE_NT%282013%29493035_EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/493035/IPOL-LIBE_NT%282013%29493035_EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/493035/IPOL-LIBE_NT%282013%29493035_EN.pdfhttp://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/07/08/article-10-of-the-convention-includes-the-right-of-access-to-data-held-by-intelligence-agency/http://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/07/08/article-10-of-the-convention-includes-the-right-of-access-to-data-held-by-intelligence-agency/http://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/07/08/article-10-of-the-convention-includes-the-right-of-access-to-data-held-by-intelligence-agency/http://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2011/4/Schauer.pdfhttp://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2011/4/Schauer.pdfhttp://nikoletayordanova.net/wp-content/uploads/exeter.pdfhttp://nikoletayordanova.net/wp-content/uploads/exeter.pdfhttp://nikoletayordanova.net/wp-content/uploads/exeter.pdfhttp://nikoletayordanova.net/wp-content/uploads/exeter.pdfhttp://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2011/4/Schauer.pdfhttp://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2011/4/Schauer.pdfhttp://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/07/08/article-10-of-the-convention-includes-the-right-of-access-to-data-held-by-intelligence-agency/http://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/07/08/article-10-of-the-convention-includes-the-right-of-access-to-data-held-by-intelligence-agency/http://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/07/08/article-10-of-the-convention-includes-the-right-of-access-to-data-held-by-intelligence-agency/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/493035/IPOL-LIBE_NT%282013%29493035_EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/493035/IPOL-LIBE_NT%282013%29493035_EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/493035/IPOL-LIBE_NT%282013%29493035_EN.pdfhttp://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-120955http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-120955


47/51

C@> 28 @K 2003 @> @@@>@@ @ >@C@> D 90/313/EEC(% 2003 41, . 26) (`Da).

34 %@@ F>> *E+:C:2011:413

35 ://..@>/>@A@HO D@K E@> @, FE@ K N2000 KH@ #j@ C@K. A K * F D@K

36 G@> C C *\237/05Q@ C@

2010 EC II\2245, @, g, B@= AC@> C@, 71, @ C *\474/04@ H>g Y @>>L C@ 2007EC II\4225, 63 66).

37 C@> I@ a >,E+:C:2014:2039, 48,C@> A I@ E,E+:C:2013:671, 30@ -> .

38 D@ E@%@ >@ @K@ >@ 262/2012/%@ E@ >@,>> ://.@>>.@.//@.//57773/>.@@@ @ C@> 17 $ 2003 @ ->@ > @@ (% 2003 345, .90; ` I Da)

40 ://-I.@./I*/I*.@?=::2006:107:0038:0041:E$:DF

41 ://-I.@./I*/I*.@?=::2011:330:0039:0042:E$:DF

42 =@, A K

J> @@(2010:21), >> ://./.

43 BF (=> +@K),# (C>C@>@) @ #

#>@ (B@), AI 2.0^ @ > @, >> ://.-@;.//-@;./K/AL@>@E=>@ @ % @@, - > @@ ^ I D@ C@ AK, >>

://.@@.@>/@.?@=&=4792; > B #>@, B@AK @ EJ> @ I A, C@ AK,+=@@2011:2, >>

://.

47
http://www.tfd.com/utmosthttp://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/cases/decision.faces/en/57773/html.bookmarkhttp://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/cases/decision.faces/en/57773/html.bookmarkhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:107:0038:0041:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:107:0038:0041:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:330:0039:0042:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:330:0039:0042:EN:PDFhttp://www.statskontoret.se/in-english/publications/2010/a-survey-of-exclusive-rights-or-arrangements/http://www.statskontoret.se/in-english/publications/2010/a-survey-of-exclusive-rights-or-arrangements/http://www.statskontoret.se/in-english/publications/2010/a-survey-of-exclusive-rights-or-arrangements/http://www.lapsi-project.eu/sites/lapsi-project.eu/files/LAPSIcompetitionartikelDraftII-1.pdfhttp://www.lapsi-project.eu/sites/lapsi-project.eu/files/LAPSIcompetitionartikelDraftII-1.pdfhttp://www.lapsi-project.eu/sites/lapsi-project.eu/files/LAPSIcompetitionartikelDraftII-1.pdfhttp://www.worldservicesgroup.com/publications.asp?action=article&artid=4792http://www.worldservicesgroup.com/publications.asp?action=article&artid=4792http://www.konkurrensverket.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/uppdragsforskning/forsk_rap_2011-2.pdfhttp://www.konkurrensverket.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/uppdragsforskning/forsk_rap_2011-2.pdfhttp://www.konkurrensverket.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/uppdragsforskning/forsk_rap_2011-2.pdfhttp://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcaghttp://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcaghttp://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/Special%3ABookSources/978-0-12-391063-9http://en.euwiki.org/Special%3ABookSources/978-0-12-391063-9http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1http://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://books.google.it/books?id=U3P4tdoETiwC&dqhttp://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.mandate376.eu/http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcaghttp://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcaghttp://www.konkurrensverket.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/uppdragsforskning/forsk_rap_2011-2.pdfhttp://www.konkurrensverket.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/uppdragsforskning/forsk_rap_2011-2.pdfhttp://www.konkurrensverket.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/uppdragsforskning/forsk_rap_2011-2.pdfhttp://www.worldservicesgroup.com/publications.asp?action=article&artid=4792http://www.worldservicesgroup.com/publications.asp?action=article&artid=4792http://www.lapsi-project.eu/sites/lapsi-project.eu/files/LAPSIcompetitionartikelDraftII-1.pdfhttp://www.lapsi-project.eu/sites/lapsi-project.eu/files/LAPSIcompetitionartikelDraftII-1.pdfhttp://www.lapsi-project.eu/sites/lapsi-project.eu/files/LAPSIcompetitionartikelDraftII-1.pdfhttp://www.statskontoret.se/in-english/publications/2010/a-survey-of-exclusive-rights-or-arrangements/http://www.statskontoret.se/in-english/publications/2010/a-survey-of-exclusive-rights-or-arrangements/http://www.statskontoret.se/in-english/publications/2010/a-survey-of-exclusive-rights-or-arrangements/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:330:0039:0042:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:330:0039:0042:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:107:0038:0041:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:107:0038:0041:EN:PDFhttp://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/cases/decision.faces/en/57773/html.bookmarkhttp://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/cases/decision.faces/en/57773/html.bookmarkhttp://www.tfd.com/utmost


48/51

47 " A>K". E@C@. 16% 2014.

48 "A>K E>". E@ >@. 16 % 2014.

49 "@ > @>K IC* @ J@ , ,@ @> >>@@ K @@ @a IC* @= @ =@ >@." F"I*+ @ B". 25 >K 2014.

50 F K > >>@ @ @ %@@.>K .'@ "*@@K@ @@ > @ >> >, > J@,@ >K @@, @ @ @ @@ . *@@K@ @> > @@ @@ > @ >@K > . !K @@ > >> >K > ."

51 D$, D. @ *,

E, %@ D@ @DK: A >> B %@ D@ @($ 1, 2007). A>> $: ://.@>/=1028073://I.@.@/10.2139/.1028073

52 +, A@."A @ I@@ A>>".C@;? I@8. 25>K 2014.

53 +, A@."H %@# @ %@ G@@

> ?". 25 >K2014.

54 F @ > I@@ > @ h@, BK #. @,@@ G. C,D D. C>=,

E. !@,@!>@=,D@> C. K@,@>,K G. ,@>g(2003).A B;78 H;K 8I@7@7. 25 >K 2014.

55 A > @KK @ > > @ @ "CKK". 9D 2014.

56 > , D@>; ,> (2010). %7@97@?7@ : 15>>343;@,3@37@5K, 3@6 3;5;3;@;@ 35;572(1 . .). %a>>K.IB$978-0-596-80435-0. 14 % 2014.

57 e"EIF - E@I@>K F= @-E@ G@@". 7 A2014.

58 E73@ I@7734;>;KF3?7= F &3@-E73@7G7@?7@ )7;57. . 9.IB$92-894-8389-. 7A 2014.

59 "@ EIF @ AG". 7 A 2014.

60 "A@@J 2 C@@ C@

E@ >@, C@>, E@ E@@ > C @ C @ a*@>K E@> a". 7A 2014.

61 "E@ C@ BK%@ @".C?7>6 +! - B>9.

7 A 2014.62 "E@ I@>KF= @@".

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

48
http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/web-accessibilityhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/portal/en/accessibilityhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/portal/en/accessibilityhttp://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/about/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.opengovstandards.org/http://ssrn.com/abstract=1028073http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1028073http://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#editorialhttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#editorialhttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#featurehttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#featurehttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#featurehttp://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Barry_M._Leiner&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Vinton_G._Cerf&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=David_D._Clark&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Kahn&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Kleinrock&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Kleinrock&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Jon_Postel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Jon_Postel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Roberts_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtmlhttp://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographyhttp://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/Special%3ABookSources/978-0-596-80435-0http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/Special%3ABookSources/92-894-8389-Xhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/7728.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2010/05/european-commission-betrays-open-standards/index.htmhttp://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2010/05/european-commission-betrays-open-standards/index.htmhttp://opensource.com/government/10/12/european-interoperability-framework-supports-opennesshttp://opensource.com/government/10/12/european-interoperability-framework-supports-opennesshttp://opensource.com/government/10/12/european-interoperability-framework-supports-opennesshttp://opensource.com/government/10/12/european-interoperability-framework-supports-opennesshttp://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2010/05/european-commission-betrays-open-standards/index.htmhttp://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2010/05/european-commission-betrays-open-standards/index.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/7728.htmlhttp://en.euwiki.org/Special%3ABookSources/92-894-8389-Xhttp://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2319/5644.htmlhttp://en.euwiki.org/Special%3ABookSources/978-0-596-80435-0http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1http://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.it/books?id=JQJ5LF3h4ikC&dq=open+data+democracy+transparency&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographyhttp://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtmlhttp://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtmlhttp://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Roberts_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Jon_Postel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Jon_Postel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Kleinrock&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Kleinrock&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Kahn&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=David_D._Clark&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Vinton_G._Cerf&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Barry_M._Leiner&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#featurehttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#featurehttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#featurehttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#editorialhttp://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/feb09.php#editorialhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1028073http://ssrn.com/abstract=1028073http://www.opengovstandards.org/http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/about/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/portal/en/accessibilityhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/portal/en/accessibilityhttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/web-accessibility


49/51

%[email protected]?. 7A 2014.

63 EIF2 , 2664 # >>@ E+-

@ K E@ C@ -

D-G@> E@ @ I@K"@@ @ - A @= I-@L@". 14% 2014. , . 130.

65 F @ @@>, > D>@,#; @, C> (2010)."A*> * * ^ A >

@ @, @ @ @ A$D ".I@7@3;@3> F77 3@6 %7@)57 )837 "3 (7;72(2): 115^138.:10.5033/>.22.46. 7A 2014.

66 A> > @>K @@@ @ >: !, !@ (7FK 2005)."%@@ @". *7I@7@3;@3> @3> 8 I*)3@636 3@6 )3@636;L3;@(77354(1). 7A 2014.

67 +! C@."%@ @@>". 11$ 2014.

68 G@@ I@.">K @%@ @ -

G@@". 25 >K2014.

69 "%@ @". ;=;76;3. 7 A 2014.

70 "@ D. C=, aaH I@@ G I >aa, * $= *, 6 A> 2009".$K.. A> 7, 2009. 2014-07-25.

71 .., I#A >,

@ "I#A >,FC1064". 25 >K2014.

72 IE*FFC 3979"IE*F, FC3979,". 25 >K 2014.

73 F @ > @ @> F @ %@ h@

C K C> @, =@ F @, C>."A @ g@ >@@". %(!)H%& %$"EGA" A)&EC*) %F F(EE A$D%&E$ )%+(CE )%F*A(E:30^49. 7 A 2014.

74 " - * F

Dh@@". 7A 2014.75 F>> J "* %@

Dh@@". %)I. 7A 2014.

76 % > @ >. @@ @@, >@;C@, #> A.;B@==, KL;@93@6 #3@39;@9 B;@7$7= ;@ 7 )837I@6K. E E>>@. . 163.

77 K@, E ."* C>@ BL". 11A 2014.

78 "E@ C@ @@> #@". 9 D2014.

79 "A@ 23: @ @IC* @@ @ >@". 8A 2014.

80 "%@ @". 8A 2014.

81 "A@ >=-@: >@ @IC* K K =@ @ @ >". 8 A 2014.

82 "G @ @- IC* _ E>@

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

49
http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdfhttp://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1http://dx.doi.org/10.5033%2Fifosslr.v2i2.46http://dx.doi.org/10.5033%2Fifosslr.v2i2.46http://www.csrstds.com/openstds.pdfhttp://www.csrstds.com/openstds.pdfhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-standards-principles/open-standards-principles#open-standard---definitionhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-standards-principles/open-standards-principles#open-standard---definitionhttps://egovstandards.gov.in/sites/default/files/Published_Policy_Framework_Document/Policy%20on%20Open%20Standards%20for%20e-Governance.pdfhttps://egovstandards.gov.in/sites/default/files/Published_Policy_Framework_Document/Policy%20on%20Open%20Standards%20for%20e-Governance.pdfhttps://egovstandards.gov.in/sites/default/files/Published_Policy_Framework_Document/Policy%20on%20Open%20Standards%20for%20e-Governance.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard#Specific_definitions_of_an_open_standardhttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/opinion/07crocker.html?_r=1&emhttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/opinion/07crocker.html?_r=1&emhttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/opinion/07crocker.html?_r=1&emhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1064http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1064http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3979https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3979/?include_text=1https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3979/?include_text=1http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201307/20130708ATT69346/20130708ATT69346EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201307/20130708ATT69346/20130708ATT69346EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201307/20130708ATT69346/20130708ATT69346EN.pdfhttps://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.htmlhttps://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.htmlhttp://opensource.org/osdhttp://opensource.org/osdhttp://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/http://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280095047/European-Commission-renews-controversial-Microsoft-contracthttp://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280095047/European-Commission-renews-controversial-Microsoft-contracthttp://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280095047/European-Commission-renews-controversial-Microsoft-contracthttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/content/action-23-provide-guidance-ict-standardisation-and-public-procurementhttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/content/action-23-provide-guidance-ict-standardisation-and-public-procurementhttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/content/action-23-provide-guidance-ict-standardisation-and-public-procurementhttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/open-standardshttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/against-lock-building-open-ict-systems-making-better-use-standards-publichttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/against-lock-building-open-ict-systems-making-better-use-standards-publichttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/against-lock-building-open-ict-systems-making-better-use-standards-publichttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/guide-procurement-standards-based-ict-%E2%80%94-elements-good-practicehttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/guide-procurement-standards-based-ict-%E2%80%94-elements-good-practicehttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/guide-procurement-standards-based-ict-%E2%80%94-elements-good-practicehttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/guide-procurement-standards-based-ict-%E2%80%94-elements-good-practicehttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/against-lock-building-open-ict-systems-making-better-use-standards-publichttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/against-lock-building-open-ict-systems-making-better-use-standards-publichttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/against-lock-building-open-ict-systems-making-better-use-standards-publichttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/open-standardshttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/content/action-23-provide-guidance-ict-standardisation-and-public-procurementhttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/content/action-23-provide-guidance-ict-standardisation-and-public-procurementhttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/content/action-23-provide-guidance-ict-standardisation-and-public-procurementhttp://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280095047/European-Commission-renews-controversial-Microsoft-contracthttp://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280095047/European-Commission-renews-controversial-Microsoft-contracthttp://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280095047/European-Commission-renews-controversial-Microsoft-contracthttp://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/http://opensource.org/osdhttp://opensource.org/osdhttps://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.htmlhttps://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201307/20130708ATT69346/20130708ATT69346EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201307/20130708ATT69346/20130708ATT69346EN.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201307/20130708ATT69346/20130708ATT69346EN.pdfhttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3979/?include_text=1https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3979/?include_text=1http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3979http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1064http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1064http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/opinion/07crocker.html?_r=1&emhttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/opinion/07crocker.html?_r=1&emhttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/opinion/07crocker.html?_r=1&emhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard#Specific_definitions_of_an_open_standardhttps://egovstandards.gov.in/sites/default/files/Published_Policy_Framework_Document/Policy%20on%20Open%20Standards%20for%20e-Governance.pdfhttps://egovstandards.gov.in/sites/default/files/Published_Policy_Framework_Document/Policy%20on%20Open%20Standards%20for%20e-Governance.pdfhttps://egovstandards.gov.in/sites/default/files/Published_Policy_Framework_Document/Policy%20on%20Open%20Standards%20for%20e-Governance.pdfhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-standards-principles/open-standards-principles#open-standard---definitionhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-standards-principles/open-standards-principles#open-standard---definitionhttp://www.csrstds.com/openstds.pdfhttp://www.csrstds.com/openstds.pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5033%2Fifosslr.v2i2.46http://dx.doi.org/10.5033%2Fifosslr.v2i2.46http://en.euwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/46http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf


50/51

G ". 8A 2014.

83 A > @ @ >K = @ @ >@ @ @@@ @ @"C@

D@ 21.01.2010 >@ @@@ > @ = @ @@@ EEAA@(C $ C%#/#.5529 - %>/ @#K)". 10$ 2014. , @ 4.4.3(. 118 @).

84 * =@ J>

>K #;58"C@ D@ 24.03.2004 >@ @ @ A> 82 EC *K (C C%#/C-3/37.792 #)". 10$ 2014.

85 D 2001/29/EC E@ >@ @ C@>1.

86 "A -, @ >@, , >@, @@ @ @ @> @ >K @ @> >@." ://.K, K@@ @@ @@ .

@ ://.> @ %@

Dh@@ @ @ "%@Dh@@".

90 @@ +a"EJ% -- #=@ %@ @#@ > $D> G@@

I@@". 8 A2014.

91 "%@ D C". 8A 2014.

92 A > @@@ @ @ @@>@@@ @ @ "CL@, @>K @ @@".%7@ !@>7697. 8

A 2014.93 "%@ D: @>@ @>". G.+!. 10$ 2014.

94 "E@ >>@ @ > @@".

95 "> - C@ @@". 14 % 2014.

96 "> - C@ @@". 14 % 2014.

97 %@ J>@ h@@ @"FGI.@ D@ 1.0". I*A, >#@, F. "://@../I./;///5461". 8 A 2014.

98 ://@@..@/>/532199 ://@@..@/>/3501100 ://@@..@/>/1939101"EJ@ >".

7 % 2014.102 ://@@..@/>/5246103* K ,

@ @ > K >>K@ =@ J .#@K >@ @ @@>@, @ h@@@ , >= ://.@.@>//

@/J//@.>://@.@/-/@-J-J-->

E >@ J -- F @ ' @ @ @ E@ >

50
http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/news/guide-procurement-standards-based-ict-%E2%80%94-elements-good-practicehttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m5529_20100121_20682_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/37792/37792_4177_1.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/37792/37792_4177_1.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/37792/37792_4177_1.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/37792/37792_4177_1.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/37792/37792_4177_1.pdfhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001L0029:EN:HTMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_%28web_application_hybrid%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_%28web_application_hybrid%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_syndicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_syndicationhttp://congressionaldata.org/democracy-and-open-data-are-the-two-linked/http://congressionaldata.org/democracy-and-open-data-are-the-two-linked/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0009:EN:HTMLhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0009:EN:HTMLhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0009:EN:HTMLhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0009:EN:HTMLhttp://opendefinition.org/od/http://opendefinition.org/od/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/09/executive-order-making-open-and-machine-readable-new-default-government-http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/09/executive-order-making-open-and-machine-readable-new-default-government-http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/09/executive-order-making-open-and-machine-readable-new-default-government-http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/09/executive-order-making-open-and-machine-readable-new-default-government-http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/09/executive-order-making-open-and-machine-readable-new-default-government-https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-charterhttps://okfn.org/opendata/why-open-data/citizenship-and-governance/https://okfn.org/opendata/why-open-data/citizenship-and-governance/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-white-paper-unleashing-the-potentialhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-white-paper-unleashing-the-potentialhttps://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/european-legislation-reuse-public-sector-informationhttps://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/european-legislation-reuse-public-sector-informationhttps://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/rules-re-use-commission-informationhttps://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/rules-re-use-commission-informationhttps://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/rules-re-use-commission-informationhttps://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/rules-re-use-commission-informationhttps://freegis.net/documents/10157/14646/FreeGIS+data+licence+1?version=1.0https://freegis.net/documents/10157/14646/FreeGIS+data+licence+1?version=1.0http://leo.cineca.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/5461http://leo.cineca.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/5461http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc307725%28EXCHG.80%29.aspxhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/bpiron.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/bpiron.htmlhttps://otalliance.org/best-practices/transport-layered-security-tls-emailhttps://otalliance.org/best-practices/transport-layered-security-tls-emailhttps://otalliance.org/best-practices/transport-layered-security-tls-emailhttps://otalliance.org/best-practices/transport-layered-sec

ensuring utmost transparency - piana oberg korff (2014)

Documents