ensuring access to plant resources for meeting market …...ensuring access to plant resources for...
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Ensuring Access to Plant Resources for Meeting Market
Demand Zac Tchoundjeu and Antoine KalinganireICRAF West and Central Africa Region
First Africa Dry Lands Week, Dakar, 10-17 June 2011
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ARTICULATIONS• Why high-value indigenous fruit trees and medicinal
plants are not widely used in regeneration programs?
• Could Participatory Tree Domestication change the perception of indigenous tree species?
• Could livelihood of local population being improved by production and marketing agroforestry species?
• Could participatory tree domestication increase active participation of rural farmers to Great Green Wall Program
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2008 World Development Report(www.worldbank.org/wdr2008)
Agriculture fundamental to sustainable development in Africa
– Lead sector for overall growth, poverty reduction and food security
– It is happening — growth accelerating with better incentives
– Focus must now be on increasing smallholder productivity
– Approach tailored to diverse rainfed farming systems
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Increase Yields, Decrease Poverty
500
1000
1500
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2500
3000
3500
4000
1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002
Cer
eal y
ield
s (K
g/H
a)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pove
rty in
cide
nce
(%)
Poverty (right axis)
Yields (left axis)
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002
Cer
eal y
ield
s (K
g/H
a)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pove
rty in
cide
nce
(%)
Poverty (right axis)
Yields (left axis)
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa:
Source: Agriculture for Development, World Development Report, World Bank, 2008.
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Seed and seedling supply systems
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Key Problems: Management Natural Resources• over-centralization of tree seed
supply at national levels• inadequate tree germplasm
conservation programs (national and international)
• scarcity of tools and practices for on-farm tree propagation and management
• low regional coordination in introduction, testing and release of tree germplasm.
• scarcity of well-documented,characterized and comprehensivetree germplasm collections fordomestication and conservation
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ICRAF’s INNOVATIVE APPROACH:the Participatory Tree
Domestication
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Participatory Tree Domestication (PTD)
Put simply PTD refers to:• The means communities select, propagate and manage
high-value indigenous fruit trees and medicinal plants and integrate them in the various farming systems,
• Species for domestication are mainly selected encompassing indigenous knowledge and genetic selection based on scientific principles
• A strong partnership is developed with scientists, civic authorities and private companies.
• PTD is a farmer driven and market lead process. It focuses on species farmers consume best with high potentials for local, regional and international markets
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Tree species domesticated in the West African Sahel
- Parkia biglobosa (néré)- Vitellaria paradoxa (shea butter)- Ziziphus mauritiana (Sahel apple)- Adansonia digitata (baobab)- Tamarindus indica (tamarind)- Faidherbia albidia (gao or cad)
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How to multiply the selected species: rooting cuttings
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Case studies in the Sahel
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How to multiply the selected species: air layering
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Collectives action / Group Sales
GuaranteeFunds
SensitizationMeetings
Workshop &Training
MarketSurvey
Building linkages between farmersand traders
Improve harvest and post-harvest techniques
Njansang Examples
Farmers
Farmer Enterprise Development In Cameroon
Group Dynamics
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Tree nurseries
Tree producers
Traders
Processing and Exporting Enterprises Consumers
Cycle of Tree domestication
Consumer preferencesInfo on desired fruit characteristics
Selection and cultivar dev.
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The contribution of the use of P. biglobosa to household income
• Each household used a monthly average of 14.4 kg of seeds and 10.6 kg of pulp.
• P. biglobosacontributed to 53% to family net income throughout the production period
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Summary• Participatory Tree Domestication help farmers to
acquire vegetative propagation techniques therefore plant early fruiting materials of known characteristics
• It helps to circumvent the lack of sounded seeds for any regeneration thus the participation of farmers to Green Great Wall by planting high-value indigenous fruit trees and medicinal plants.
• Marketing of agroforestry products helps to improve livelihood of local population. But we need to plant the right tree at the right place.
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The right tree for the right place
1. Trees for Products
2. Trees for Services
fruit firewood medicine income sawnwood fodder
soilfertility
carbon sequestration
soilerosion
watershedprotection
shade biodiversity
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MANY THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION