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8%8%1 ,Ok babc|mk klxcoqvk,8%8%1%;  Ke`aoc fa ,ava|emfkf,8%8%1%<  Cliahmceax8%8%1%8  ,Xqaûcx ae ok ava|emfkf,8%8%1%6  Xmnemgmhkfc fao ,xcûk| xqaûcx,

8%8%7 Babc|mk/ axtkhmc } vmabtc8%8%7%;  Babc|mk/ hmqfkf } xqaûcx

8%8%7%;%; Hmqfkf/ Gkevkxâk } Babc|mk8%8%7%;%<  Ok Hmqfkf ,aev|a ao Hmaoc } ok Vma||k,8%8%7%;%8  Mewaehmøe fa ok Hmqfkf

8%8%7%;%6 

Ok Hmqfkf hcbc Xqaûc

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8%8%7%;%1  Hmqfkf/ Xqaûc } Babc|mk8%8%7%;%7  Fcx hk|khva|âxvmhkx ceâ|mhkx

8%8%7%<  Ok Babc|mk9 Hcehmaehmk fao Vmabtc8%8%7%<%; Hcehmaehmk fao Vmabtc8%8%7%<%<  ³Hqko ax ok ,Qemfkf t|mbk|mk fa Vmabtc Txâ{qmhc, bâembk c aoabaevko38%8%7%<%8  Xcl|a ok ,ap"v|khhmøe, q clvaehmøe fa ocx hcevaemfcx beíxmhcx8%8%7%<%6  \ahktmvqokefc8%8%7%<%1  \anmxv|cx Xmnemgmhkhmcekoax } T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%7%<%7  Ocx Xqaûcx } ao T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%7%<%>  Cthmceax Bc|koax8%8%7%<%0  Ao vabk ,Fmcx,8%8%7%<%=  Babc|mk9 2 ³hcehmaehmk fao vmabtc38%8%7%<%;4  Ok ekvq|koayk fao vmabtc

8%8%> H|âvmhk ko eac"bkva|mkomxbc

8%8%>%;  Mev|cfqhhmøe8%8%>%<  Ok v|kbk tqlomhmvk|mk8%8%>%8  Ao eac bkva|mkomxbc ec aptomhk ocx gaeøbaecx fao txm{qmxbc xqta|mc|  8%8%>%6  Xmnemgmhkfc } Wkoc| ' Xaevmfc8%8%>%1  Ok txaqfc"tk|kfcik c hcev|kfmhhmøe fao bkva|mkomxbc8%8%>%7  Ao bkva|mkomxbc } ok bafmhmek8%8%>%>  Gaeøbaecx oâbmva8%8%>%0  Ok ,Tk|kfcik Fmwmek,8%8%>%=  ,Wkoc| fa ok Bkva|mk,8%8%>%;4  Iqen } ao bkva|mkomxbc8%8%>%;;  ³Tqafa ao ,hqa|tc, kova|k| ao ,kobk,38%8%>%;<  ³Ax ao kobk ok tk|kfcik gc|bko fao hqa|tc38%8%>%;8  Ao ,T|cloabk Wa|lko"vapvqko,8%8%>%;6  Ao ,T|cloabk Wa|lko, MM (}9 ecvk xcl|a Jk|o Tctta|-

8%8%0 \agoapmceax } Hcbaevk|mcx98%8%0%;  Qe aiabtoc9 ok v|kbtk fa ok Babc|mk8%8%0%<  Okx tk|kfcikx fa ok Babc|mk

8%8%0%<%; Hcevaemfc fa ok Babc|mk

8%8%0%<%<  Bavk"|akomxbc fao Xmnemgmhkfc8%8%0%<%8  Ao ,Tokec T|axaeva,

8%8%0%8  Ao Xqaûc } ok Babc|mk8%8%0%8%; T|mba| hcbaevk|mc8%8%0%8%<  Xanqefc hcbaevk|mc8%8%0%8%8  Va|ha| hcbaevk|mc

8%8%= ³[qí ax qe ,Xmnemgmhkfc,38%8%=%4;  Oípmhc

8%8%=%4;%; Bavk"gâxmhc/ øevmhc/ axaehmko/ axtm|mvqko8%8%=%4;%<  Xâblcoc M8%8%=%4;%8  ,T|c}ahhmøe,

8%8%=%4< Kevahafaeva8%8%=%;  [qí ,AX, qe xmnemgmhkfc3 (;-98%8%=%<  Avmbcocnâk } Xabmcocnâk

8%8%=%<%; Ok |aokhmøe fa ba|cembmk (T%O% Fmay C-%8%8%=%<%<  Ok Hcexv|qhhmøe |aokhmceko fao Xmnemgmhkfc (X% Bh Ekbaa-%8%8%=%<%8  ,[qí xmnemgmhk axvc ‧3,% 

8%8%=%8 Ax tcxmloa qek babc|mk ,apmxvaehmko, hcbtqaxvk fa ,Xmnemgmhkfcx tq|cx,3

8%8%=%6  [qí ,AX, qe Xmnemgmhkfc3 (<-8%8%=%6%; ³[qí aevaefabcx tc| Xmnemgmhkfc38%8%=%6%<  ³[qí ax aevcehax qe Xmnemgmhkfc38%8%=%6%8  Hcexvmvq}aeva bavkgâxmhk tcvaehmko8%8%=%6%6  Hcevaemfc øevmhc qeâwchc } Xmnemgmhkfc8%8%=%6%1  Khvc Bc|ko T|mbk|mc } kqvcbkvmxbc fa |anmxv|c øevmhc8%8%=%6%7  ³Ax oc ,øevmhc, xmeøembc fa oc ,axtm|mvqko,38%8%=%6%>  ³[qí ax ok Omla|vkf3

8%8%=%6%>%;  Omla|vkf hcbc |a"axh|mvq|k fa oc axh|mvc8%8%=%6%>%<  Omla|vkf 2 fmëocnc oml|a (wcoqevk|mc- hce ok axh|mvq|k

8%8%=%6%0 Vmtcx fa hcevaemfc øevmhc |anmxv|kloa8%8%=%6%= Ecvkx hcbtoabaevk|mkx8%8%=%6%;4 Wkoc| abchmceko fa qek wmwaehmk atmxøfmhk

8%8%=%1  Ao khvc hkomgmhkvmwc9 hqaxvmøe naxvëovmhk38%8%=%7  Ok hcevmeqmfkf fao t|chaxc

8%8%=%7%; Hcevmeqmfkf tc| |aokhmceax vabtc|koax8%8%=%7%<  Hcehmaehmk Bc|ko } Babc|mk8%8%=%7%8  Ok V|kbk Beíxmhk8%8%=%7%6  Xqaûcx9 memhmc fao T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%=%7%1  Ao kiqxva xmnemgmhkhmceko8%8%=%7%7  Ao ,Bcbaevc T|axaeva,

8%8%=%>  ³Hqkevc } ,hcbc, mehmfa ok hcefmhmøe ta|xceko ae ao t|mba| khvc fa |anmxv|c } hkomgmhkhmøe38%8%=%0  ³Høbc ax hkomgmhkfc qe Xmnemgmhkfc3

8%8%=%0%; Ok Hkomgmhkhmøe8%8%=%0%<  Hkomgmhkhmøe gc|bko8%8%=%0%8  Hkomgmhkhmøe ecbmeko t|mbk|mk8%8%=%0%6  ³[qmíe c [qí hkomgmhk ' ecbmek3

8%8%=%=  Qe aiabtoc fa ,Xmnemgmhkfc Agahvmwc,8%8%=%;4  Ok cliavmwmfkf fao t|chaxc xmnemgmhkhmceko8%8%=%;;  T|chaxc Bc|ko } Xqaûcx

8%8%=%;;%; Kqvcbkvmxbcx fao T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%=%;;%<  Bcfaocx beíxmhcx8%8%=%;;%8  Ao gkhvc| apønaec ae ao T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%=%;;%6  ³Høbc meva|waef|âk Fmcx ae ao T|chaxc Bc|ko ta|xceko38%8%=%;;%1  Babc|mk Hcoahvmwk

8%8%=%;;%7 

³Xce ocx xqaûcx tk|va fao T|chaxc Bc|ko3

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8%8%=%;<  Konqekx hcexmfa|khmceax xcl|a ao T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%=%;<%; \aokhmøe aev|a ,oml|c fa wmfk ta|xceko, } ocx ,cv|cx,8%8%=%;<%<  Xqliavmwmfkf fa axvk `mtøvaxmx8%8%=%;<%8  Meva||cnkevax xcl|a ao T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%=%;<%6  V|kqbkx } v|kbkx xmnemgmhkhmcekoax8%8%=%;<%1  Ao vabk fa ok wcoqevkf8%8%=%;<%7  Ecvkx hcbtoabaevk|mkx xcl|a ao T|chaxc Bc|ko

8%8%=%;<%7%; T|chaxc Bc|ko } fkûc ha|al|ko8%8%=%;<%7%< T|chaxc Bc|ko } khhmøe xmbløomhk8%8%=%;<%7%8 ,Xmnemgmhkfc fao xqg|mbmaevc,

8%8%=%;8  Aiabtoc% \anmxv|c Xmnemgmhkhmceko ae ao K|va9 ok tmevq|k } wke Ncn`8%8%=%;6  \anmxv|c beíxmhc fao xqaûc8%8%=%;1  Kqvcbkvmxbcx fao T|chaxc Bc|ko (<-8%8%=%;7  Wmwaehmk fao Khvc T|axaeva

8%8%=%;7%; Ok wmwaehmk fao Khvc T|axaeva8%8%=%;7%<  Ao Khvc T|axaeva hcbc tk|kfcik8%8%=%;7%8  Ok ,T|c}ahhmøe, (;-8%8%=%;7%6  Ok ,T|c}ahhmøe, (<-

8%8%=%;>  Xmnemgmhkfc } Oaenqkia8%8%=%;>%; Ecbmekhmøe9 hokwa tk|k ok kekbeaxmx8%8%=%;>%<  Ok ,Hkomgmhkhmøe,9 ³ax ,vkblmíe, wa|lko "ecbmeko38%8%=%;>%8  Ecvkx xcl|a ao `moabc|gmxbc

8%8%=%;0  Ok Babc|mk } ocx kembkoax8%8%=%;=  Ao ,Kbc|, } ok ,H`k|mvkx, ae ao t|chaxc xmnemgmhkhmceko } ocx Xqaûcx8%8%=%<4  Oc gabaemec } oc bkxhqomec8%8%=%<;  Oa} Ekvq|ko } Oa} \awaokfk8%8%=%<<  ³@k} kbc| ae ocx xqaûcx38%8%;4 Hcbaevk|mcx } \agoapmceax gmekoax8%8%;4%;  Ok @mtecxmx

8%8%;4%;%; Ao kv|khvmwc fa ok mtecxmx8%8%;4%;%<  Ok `mtecxmx } ok Babc|mk8%8%;4%;%8  Ok Hcbqemhkhmøe wa|lko "vapvqko ae ok `mtecxmx

8%8%;4%;%6  Qe aiabtoc8%8%;4%<  ]c } Anc

8%8%;4%<%; Okx meva|ga|aehmkx fao Anc8%8%;4%<%<  Kova|ekvmwk9 Anc 2 hcehmaehmk }cmhk8%8%;4%<%8  Anc hcbc agahvc fao K%H%T%8%8%;4%<%6  ³Høbc kgahvk ao Anc ko txm{qmxbc38%8%;4%<%1  Kevax fao K%H%T%8%8%;4%<%7  ,Ao aemnbk fao axtaic,8%8%;4%<%>  Qek tcxmlmomfkf meva|axkeva9 ³] xm ao ]c mev|k ceâ|mhc gqaxa ao Anc %%%38%8%;4%<%0  Ao Anc ae qe kblmaeva"ëblmvc xmnemgmhkhmceko faexc8%8%;4%<%=  \aokhmøe aev|a ao K%H%T% } ok hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko8%8%;4%<%;4  Ao Anc } ao t|chaxc fa |anmxv|c øevmhc8%8%;4%<%;;  Ao Anc/ ocx xqaûcx } ok `mtecxmx8%8%;4%<%;<  Ao Anc } ao T|chaxc Bc|ko

8%8%;4%8  K|h`mwk| } \ahc|fk|9 fcx t|chaxcx8%8%;4%8%; Hqkomfkf tk|kføimhk fao t|chaxc beíxmhc8%8%;4%8%<  Bkva|mkomfkf fao |anmxv|c beíxmhc8%8%;4%8%8  Vmtcx fa ,|ahqa|fc,

8%8%;4%6  ³\anmxv|k ok Babc|mk ao xqg|mbmaevc38%8%;4%1  ³Hqko gqehmøe txâ{qmhk agahvùk ao |anmxv|c øevmhc "}#c bavkgâxmhc" fa ocx Xmnemgmhkfcx38%8%;4%7  Høbc babc|mykbcx ocx xqaûcx MM8%8%;4%>  Ao ,Bcfaoc Txâ{qmhc, } ao hcevaemfc fa ok Babc|mk8%8%;4%0  Wcoqevkf } xmnemgmhkehmk fa ok khhmøe ta|xceko8%8%;4%=  Høbc khhafabcx k ocx hcevaemfcx fa ok Babc|mk8%8%;4%;4  ³Tc|{qí |ahc|fkbcx baecx ocx xqaûcx3

8%8%;4%;4%; Ok kvaeqkhmøe fao |ahqa|fc ceâ|mhc8%8%;4%;4%<  Xâevaxmx xmnemgmhkhmceko tq|k fa ok wmwaehmk mev|kceâ|mhk8%8%;4%;4%8  ³Høbc xa|âk fmga|aeva ok wmwaehmk mev|kceâ|mhk38%8%;4%;4%6  ³[qí c {qmíe ,hcexv|q}a, ao txaqfc hqa|tc mev|k"ceâ|mhc38%8%;4%;4%1  Ao ,qxc, txâ{qmhc fao bkva|mko beíxmhc8%8%;4%;4%7  ³[qmíe c {qí ,fm|mna c naxvmcek, ocx xqaûcx38%8%;4%;4%>  Ok meva|khhmøe }cmhk hce ao xqaûc ae faxk||cooc8%8%;4%;4%0  Ao ,faxgkxa,8%8%;4%;4%=  ,Ok xcbl|k fa ok xcbl|k,

8%8%;4%;;  Babc|mk } Hcehmaehmk @mxvø|mhk (MM-8%8%;4%;;%; T|øocnc8%8%;4%;;%<  Ao ,axtaic lm"fm|ahhmceko,8%8%;4%;;%8  Babc|mk9 gqehmøe apmxvaehmko fa ok Hcehmaehmk @mxvø|mhk

8%8%;4%;;%8%;  Gqehmøe fa hcevmeqmfkf8%8%;4%;;%8%<  Ao ,gkhvc| Iqfkx,8%8%;4%;;%8%8  ³Hqëo ax ok babc|mk `mxvø|mhk hcoahvmwk38%8%;4%;;%8%6  Ok fmxhcevmeqmfkf fa ok hcehmaehmk `mxvø|mhk

8%8%;4%;;%6  Babc|mk } ,\akomfkf Wm|vqko,8%8%;4%;;%1  Wmwaehmk |ako } ,wm|vqko,8%8%;4%;;%7  Xqaûcx } ta|hathmøe ,wm|vqko,8%8%;4%;;%>  Hcevmeqmfkf fa ok Babc|mk

8%8%;4%;<  Babc|mk fa Gcefc } Babc|mk Apmxvaehmko8%8%;4%;<%; Ok ,Babc|mk fa Gcefc,8%8%;4%;<%<  Babc|mk @mxvø|mhk } Hcehmaehmk (MMM-8%8%;4%;<%8  Tokecx Xmnemgmhkhmcekoax } T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%;4%;<%6  Qek hcegaxmøe `qbmofa %%%

8%8%;4%;8  Xmnemgmhkfc fa ok Babc|mk } Xmnemgmhkfc fao Xqaûc8%8%;4%;6  ³Høbc xa bkemgmaxvk ok ,Eahaxmfkf ceâ|mhk,3

8%8%;4%;6%; @mtøvaxmx

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8%8%;4%;6%< ,Qlmhkhmøe, fao Xmnemgmhkfc8%8%;4%;1  ,Høbc, ax ok Babc|mk hqkefc ,ae c|mnae, axvë wkhâk38%8%;4%;7  ³[qí `khabcx hce ao ,Mehcexhmaeva,3 (Mehcexhmaeva M-8%8%;4%;>  Xm ao ]c mev|k ceâ|mhc ax ao ]c |ako %%%

8%8%;4%;>%; ]c mev|k ceâ|mhc9 ³kbeíxmhc } hcexhmaeva38%8%;4%;>%<  Gkxax fao T|chaxc Bc|ko8%8%;4%;>%8  ³Høbc xa t|chaxk#kxmbmok ao wkoc| hc||ahvmwc fa okx gkxax kqvcbëvmhk } xabm"kqvcbëvmhk38%8%;4%;>%6  T|anqevkx8%8%;4%;>%1  ³Ao }c mev|k ceâ|mhc ax#axvë hcexhmaeva38%8%;4%;>%7  ³Fataefa ok Hcehmaehmk fa ok Babc|mk @mxvø|mhk38%8%;4%;>%>  Kecvkhmceax hcbtoabaevk|mkx8%8%;4%;>%0  ³Hqko ax ao |co fa ok Babc|mk fa Gcefc38%8%;4%;>%=  ³Høbc xqhafa ao loc{qac38%8%;4%;>%;4 ³Høbc xa me`klmomvk qe Xmnemgmhkfc3

8%8%;4%;>%;; ³,Axvkfc hcexhmaeva, c ,Hcehmaehmk, hcbc echmøe klxv|khvk38%8%;4%;>%;< ³Høbc meva|wmaea ao K%H%T% t|c}ahvkfc/ ae ok wmwaehmk } |anmxv|c øevmhc3

8%8%;4%;0  Ok Hmqfkf } ao Xmnemgmhkfc MM8%8%;4%;=  Okx Khvmvqfax } okx Wmwaehmkx8%8%;4%<4  Xmbav|âk } Kobk8%8%;4%<;  Hcehmaehmk } Gaecbaecocnâk9 @qxxa|o } @amfanna|

8%8%;4%<;%; @amfanna| xanùe @% Nmkeemem8%8%;4%<;%<  Hcbaevk|mcx8%8%;4%<;%8  Gaecbaecocnâk } Hcehmaehmk M8%8%;4%<;%6  Gaecbaecocnâk tk|kføimhk8%8%;4%<;%1  Gaecbaecocnâk } Hcehmaehmk MM8%8%;4%<;%7  Ao ,Bqefc, xanùe @amfanna|8%8%;4%<;%>  Ecvkx hcbtoabaevk|mkx

8%8%;4%<<  ³[qí ,ax, ok Hcehmaehmk3% H|mxvc } ok v|kexgc|bkhmøe fao Anc8%8%;4%<<%; [qí ax ok Hcehmaehmk8%8%;4%<<%<  Ok fmeëbmhk V|memvk|mk8%8%;4%<<%8  Ok bavkbc|gcxmx }cmhk8%8%;4%<<%6  Ao Anc } ocx t|cvc"vmtcx xapqkoax

8%8%;4%<<%1  A||c|ax `klmvqkoax ae ok xqxvmvqhmøe } v|kexgc|bkhmøe fao Anc8%8%;4%<<%7  Ok baeva hcbc bmh|c"hcxbcx

8%8%;4%<8  Ok Babc|mk xanùe Xke Knqxvâe8%8%;4%<8%; T|øocnc8%8%;4%<8%<  Ok |m{qayk fa ok babc|mk8%8%;4%<8%8  Ao ta|gqba xa faxwkeaha hce ao vmabtc8%8%;4%<8%6  Okx mfakx } ao axvâbqoc apva|mc|8%8%;4%<8%1  \ahcna| hce ao taexkbmaevc8%8%;4%<8%7  Eùba|cx } fmbaexmøe8%8%;4%<8%>  Ok babc|mk } xqx khvcx8%8%;4%<8%0  Ok babc|mk } ocx xaevmbmaevcx8%8%;4%<8%=  Ocx kgahvcx } okx tkxmceax8%8%;4%<8%;4 Tcfabcx |ahc|fk| {qa `abcx cowmfkfc8%8%;4%<8%;; Ok f|khbk ta|fmfk8%8%;4%<8%;< Ao cowmfc klxcoqvc8%8%;4%<8%;8 Fmcx axvë ae ok babc|mk8%8%;4%<8%;6 @klmvkx ae bm babc|mk

8%8%;4%<6  Abchmøe } Xmnemgmhkfc% ³Xce oc bmxbc3

8%8%;4%<6%; Të||kgc ae xq t|mba|k |afkhhmøe8%8%;4%<6%<  ³Høbc cta|k ok Xâevaxmx Abchmceko38%8%;4%<6%8  Abchmøe } Oaenqkia8%8%;4%<6%6  ³[qí ax ok Xâevaxmx Abchmceko38%8%;4%<6%1  Fmga|aehmk aev|a Xâevaxmx Abchmceko } Xmnemgmhkfc8%8%;4%<6%7  ³Ax ok Xâevaxmx Abchmceko qe Xmnemgmhkfc38%8%;4%<6%>  [qí ax ok Txm{qmx8%8%;4%<6%0  Axv|qhvq|k fao Qemwa|xc8%8%;4%<6%=  ³Ax ao Qemwa|xc gâxmhc ok ,t|c}ahhmøe, c apt|axmøe t|c}ahvmwk fao Hcxbcx3

8%8%;4%<1  Ocx 8 vmtcx fa babc|mk8%8%;4%<1%; Fcx xqaûcx (X <7;-8%8%;4%<1%< Xql vmtcx beíxmhcx

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8%6%;4%7 

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7%;%84%;44%6= Xcl|a ao ,Axtaic,9

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vaenk xaevmfc } t|ctcemaefc qe Hkbmec hma|vc k ok Toaemvqf/ fkfc {qa hqkefc Fmcx xa `qbkemyk/ ao `cbl|a xa fmwmemyk% Nqxva cxa ,h|ak, ae aooc c ec/ xme ao t|mehmtmc/ hcehatvc/ echmøe a mbknae fa ok V|memfkf Fmwmek h|mxvmkek: xøoc {qafke ocx faâxbcx } vafmgqxcx } hqkxm"tkevaâxvkx/ c ok h|aaehmk ae qe Fmcx"fmcx {qa bëx kxabaik k qe fmcx"fabmq|nc kqxaeva }#c apva|ec {qa bëhcbtokha| c hq}cx t|ahatvcx bahëemhcx `k} {qa clafaha| m||khmcekobaeva xc taek fa xa| kem{qmokfcx c hkxvmnkfcx/ tc|{qa xokx |anokx fao iqanc/ fa qe iqanc bëx c baecx aevaefmloa } ko bmxbc vmabtc meaevaefmloa ta|c {qa apmna fa ecxcv|cx qek xqbxa|wmo } qek |aeqehmk k eqaxv|k |khmcekomfkf/ cowmfkefc {qa ax qec fa ocx baic|ax kv|mlqvcx/ hk|khva|âxvmhkx } gkhqovkfax fao`qbkek/ fao axtâ|mvq `qbkec/ fao txm{qmxbc `qbkec/ fao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva ,h|akfc k mbknae } xabaikeyk, fa Fmcx"h|a

 iqevc k ok hktkhmfkf fa kbc|"kbk|/ k ok mfaevmfkf ' hcehmaehmk }cmhk/ k ok omla|vkf/ k ok Omla|vkf/ k ok OMLA\VKF+++% ] xmaefc IH|mxvc ao fmcx"`cbl|a } ao `mic"fao"Tkf|a ' `mic"fao"`cbl|a {qa ecx `a|bkek } t|c}ahvk k ok toaemvqf/ k ok fmwmemykhmøe/ ] xmaefkonc xmec ,konqmae, } ao t|cvc"konqmae } ao xaevmfc "ao Hkbmec" fa ok |akomfkf/ fa eqaxv|k |akomfkf/ } xmaefc {qa ax eqaxv|c |agaae vcfc xaevmfc } ae xq wmfk va||aeko "k{qaook {qa aeg|aevk/ kxqba } |axqaowa ao f|kbk bc|vko fa ok hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko hc||cb} faxvmekfk tc| oc bmxbc ko mbtcxmloa } ava|ec klxq|fc fa ok hcev|kfmhhmøe"/ } xmaefc {qa vcfk xq ,apmxvaehmk, ax qe axtoíe

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f|kbk fa kbc|/ fa wmfk/ fa hcehmaehmk/ fa oqh`k } fa omla|vkf/ |axqovk {qa ao h|mxvmkemxbc ax vkblmíe ok |aomnmøe fa ok v|kxhaefae#tc| ok omla|vkf/ tkokl|k mefmxtaexkloa tk|k hcbt|aefa| axa n|ke bmxva|mc/ aemnbk } axhëefkoc fao ,bko,: fao kqvíevmhc } |a' xqg|mbmaevc/ axc {qa kgahvk k ok vcvkomfkf fa ok `qbkemfkf `mxvø|mhk } {qa `k xqxhmvkfc mehcevkloax |agoapmceax xcl|a xq xaevec xaevmfc% Ok OMLA\VKF+++%%%/ qek fa okx hokwax tk|k hcbt|aefa| ao h|mxvmkemxbc } tk|k xa| h|mxvmkec/ c xak qemwa|xko } v|kxhaefaxm ao oahvc| t|agma|a clwmk| ok |aga|aehmk ,|aomnmcxk,/ fa vcfcx bcfcx hcehc|fk|ë ae {qa ok ,omla|vkf, ax qe vabk bq} ta|cmbtc|vkeva: } qe ví|bmec bq} ta|c bq} fmgâhmo fa aevaefa|/ aptomhk|/ hcbt|aefa|+%%%] kqe{qa ec gqa qe cliavmwc vabëvmhc fa axva aexk}c/ va|bmeí v|kvëefcoc ae fmga|aevax chkxmceax/ ooankefc k qek {qahcehoqxmøe meva|axkeva tk|k fahm| oc baecx/ {qa {qmxma|k hcbtk|vm|: tc| oc {qa t|axaeva k`c|k ok xqhaxmøe fa ocx fmxhcbaevk|mcx/ ecvkx } të||kgcx {qa v|kvke ao vabk hce hma|vc favaembmaevc: kevmhmtkefc {qa bm n|ke hcehoqxmøe `mtcvívmhk ax agahvcx eqaxv|cx/ ok Omla|vkf ax konc {qa tqafa fahm|xa "oml|abaeva+%%%" ae bcfc mehma|vc: } gc|bqok|xa hce qek ahqkhmøe meax

m||anqok|/ hqkxm"tk|kføimhk ta|c bëx lmae mekxmloa9Omla|vkf 2 |aokhmøe (oml|a- aev|a omla|vkf `qbkek } Omla|vkf Fmwmek+%Hcbc tqafa wa|xa/ qek ahqkhmøe {qa wmehqok qe ví|bmec hce cv|c fao hqko ax tk|va c oc mehoq}a/ tk|aha bëx lmae qek ec"ahqqe a||c|/ qe klxq|fc ‧ Ta|c kxâ ax høbc va|bmeí fmhmíefcoc/ fmhmaefc ao bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf% ] Tc| k`c|k ba xkvmxgkha% Oc xmnqmaeva ec ax qe v|kvkfc gmocxøgmhc xcl|a ok Omla|vkf em bqh`c baecx: xøoc oc keqehmkfc9 qek xaoahhmøe axhcnmfkx fa hcbaefafmhkfcx k aooc: hce qek l|awa mev|cfqhhmøe c|faekfc|k } qe hcocgøe megc|bkvmwc (xâevaxmx xcl|a ok megc|bkfc ko |axtahvc ae oaehmhoctafmk wm|vqko‧-% \av|chafc qecx tkxcx } wqaowc k bmx t|mba|kx fqfkx } |agoapmceax/ {qa tc| oc fabëx xce lëxmhkbaeva okx bmxbkx {qat|achqtkfc k ok `qbkemfkf faxfa xqx memhmcx/ bcvmwkefc k (hkxm- vcfcx ocx gmoøxcgcx/ axhqaokx c vaefaehmkx gmocxøgmhkx } taexkae naea|ko9³[qí ax ok omla|vkf xqtcemaefc xak konc/ c qek fmxtcxmhmøe/ hk|khva|âxvmhk/ fce }#c gkhqovkf fao axtâ|mvq `qbkec/ fa ok b`qbkek/ fao kobk `qbkek/ fa ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek3%%% ] qek fa okx n|kefax t|anqevkx {qa vkevc ecx kgomnae9 ³tk|k {qí c f

xcbcx apkhvk } |akobaeva oml|ax3%%%/ ³xøoc tk|k a{qmwchk|ecx3%%%9 tc|{qa ,tk|ahma|k, "okx ,hcbmookx, xce mefmxtaexkloax hcbc e{qa okx t|mehmtkoax |aomnmcxmfkfax }cmhkx (aphatvqkefc ko lqfmxbc {qa emank ao }c } ok |akomfkf cliavmwk fa oc apva|mc|"apva|mc|mkfbmvae {qa xcbcx oml|ax c mehoqxc |ahcechae {qa axk hqkomfkf ax mefmxtaexkloa tk|k aevaefa| ok |axtcexklmomfkf bc|ko/ txmabt|a ,ko tk|aha|,/ oc ùemhc wëomfc {qa tcf|âkbcx `kha| hce fmh`k omla|vkx ax kqvc"eank|ok/ |aeqehmk| k aook c qxk|ok qek xùemhk way tk|k |a`qxk| qxk|ok/ fkfc {qa ocx høfmncx bc|koax fa c|mnae xqta|mc| mefmhk|âke hce t|ahmxmøe {qa xa fala `kha| ec+%%% Hok|c axvë {qa ocx fchv|meøocncx bcfa|k|ëe axva mbta|kvmwc `kxvk hcehoqm| ae qek |kycekloa fmxvmehmøe aev|a ok kqvíomla|vkf } ao omla|vmekia/ {qa xa|âk xq qxc fan|kfkfc/ hc||cbtmfc avh% ] aevcehax xq|nae ocx kevm"|aomnmcxcx cg|ahmaefc xqx xqtqaxvkbaeva } kqvíevmhkbaeva omla|vk|mcx ' oml|ax fa okx hcexv|mhhmceax fa ok bc|komfkf |aomnmcxk hce xqx bc|komxbcx avh% (ltk|va fa axk mfacocnâk lq|nqaxk } t|a"`afcemxvk {qa ax ao g|aqfmkemxbc/ ktqevk ae axvk fm|ahhmøe/ tc| bq} xcgmxvmhkfkx {qa xakùovmbkx gc|bqokhmceax-: ta|c |axqovk {qa ok hkxm vcvkomfkf fa ok hmaehmk } fa ok tcoâvmhk a mehoqxc fa ok hqovq|k tcxv"bcfa|ek |aok|aokvmwâxvmhkbaeva hc||ahvk xce mnqkobaeva |axv|mhvmwkx/ mbtcxmvmwkx/ fcnbëvmhkx } klxcoqvmxvkx: tc|{qa ae bkvabëvmhkx `k} qetcxmlmomfkf9 < * < 2 6: a megmemvkx cthmceax fa a||c|: } ocx |aokvmwmxvkx {qa emanke vcfk bc|ko klxcoqvk t|avaefae {qa fmh`k eanxak ok eqawk bc|ko } wa|fkf klxcoqvk } k} fa {qmae cxa hqaxvmcek|ok: } ocx omla|komxvkx apv|abcx {qa mewchke mehoqxc ao fa|afaxv|mtk| c kxaxmek| qe `mic ae ao wmaev|a fa ok bkf|a hcbc ok bëx n|kefa hce{qmxvk fa ok omla|vkf c {qa t|ctceae vcfcx ocx wta|wa|xmceax hcbc qe n|ke fa|ah`c fa ok eqawk bcfa|emfkf/ aewâke k ok hë|hao k {qmae cxa xm{qma|k ctcea|xa hâwmhkbaeva k aoocAx fahm|9 mehoqxc okx bcfkomfkfax bëx apv|abkx } hcev|ktqaxvkx fa ok hqovq|k ' tcoâvmhk `qbkek hcbtk|vae ae ao gcefc ao bmbta|kvmwc/ h|aaehmk } fava|bmekhmøe9 ok omla|vkf xa |afqha k qek xcok cthmøe "xak {qa ok kxqbkbcx oml|abaeva c ec‧"/ } vcffabëx xce a||c|ax/ a{qâwchcx/ bkofkfax+%%% Ax fahm|9 tk|k ,bc|cx } h|mxvmkecx, xøoc xa|âkbcx oml|ax fa a{qmwchk|ecx‧/ h|a

aenkûcxk fa ok hqko axhktk ao lqfmxbc tc|{qa ax clwmc {qa ko eank| ao wkoc| fao }c/ fa ok |akomfkf cliavmwk } xq wa|fkf âfab/ }#bqefc/ tc|c c ekfk "bëx lmae ekfk" mbtc|vk ao høbc } hqkevc xakbcx oml|ax/ tc|{qa em xm{qma|k xa|âkbcx+%%%Ta|c ok t|anqevk xqlxmxva } axvë ae ao haev|c fao f|kbk `qbkec9Ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva xkla/ h|aa }#c xmaeva {qa ax oml|a/ |ako } wa|fkfa|kbaeva oml|a: } ec aevmaefa k hmaehmk hma|vk tk|k {oml|a/ fa {qí ax oml|a/ tc|{qí ax oml|a+%%%: } ae ao hcevapvc fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf `mxvø|mhk xqbmfk ae ao bko/ ae ok baevm|k } xqg|mbmaevc/ fmh`k omla|vkf } okx fqfkx {qa ok aewqaowae/ kf{qma|a vmevax f|kbëvmhcx/ h|âvmhcx } k wahax `c||c|âgmhcx+%%%Ao h|mxvmkemxbc"hkvcomhmxbc cg|aha ao Hkbmec } qek ok|nk `mxvc|mk fa vac|mykhmceax xcl|a ao ,bmxva|mc fao bko } fao xqg|mbmaevc }

omla|vkf,: mehoq}aefc qekx hqkevkx vac|mykhmceax xcl|a ok bmxbâxmbk ,omla|vkf fmwmek,: ok bmxbk {qa okx |aomnmceax"|aomnmcxmvaâxvkx ec v|memvk|mkx |afqhae tchc baecx {qa k qe iqanc wcoqevk|mxvk fa qe Fmcx"fmcx apva|ec {qa tqxc c mewaevø hma|vkx |tc|{qí xâ "fkfc {qa xa|âke meaevaefmloax" } {qa bëx wkoa hqbtom| xc taek fa bcoaxvk| c aegq|aha| k axk famfkf vcfctcfa|cxha|hkek k qe fabmq|nc hkt|mh`cxc {qa o Fmcx fao kbc| klxcoqvc {qa ecx h|ak ,k xq mbknae } xabaikeyk,/ |ag|aefkefc } vcvkomyfmh`k xabaikeyk ko kxqbm| ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek/ bkva|mkomyëefcxa ae#tc| ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc Fmwmec% ³] aevcehax3%%%/ ec hao naevmo } awaevqko oahvc| c oahvc|k/ {qa `ah`kx axvkx xmbtoâxmbkx clxa|wkhmceax h|âvmhkx t|avaefc menaeqk } vcevkbaeva cg|a|axtqaxvk gkovkeva+%%% Ax clwmc {qa ec oc `knc/ ec tcf|âk `kha|oc } em xm{qma|k taexk|oc% Ta|c oc {qa xâ `knc ax hcbtk|vm| konqekx} qek {qa cv|k chq||aehmk {qa ba tk|aha meva|axkeva } vko way/ xøoc vko way/ qe ktc|va k ok fmxhqxmøe%Ok t|mba|k ax k{qaook ,gø|bqok, {qa }k kevmhmtí% Ok xanqefk } {qa vkblmíe kevmhmtc/ |axtcefa k bm faxhcehma|vc keva baehmcekfc9 axk ktk|aevabaeva |axv|mhvmwk } hqkxm hcev|kfmhvc|mk ,oa} bc|ko, {qa ombmvk|âk eqaxv|k omla|vkf |ako k qe tq|c } khvc wëomfc9 ao |ah`kyc/ ok klfmhkhmøe/ ao |a`qxk| axk omla|vkf fkfc {qa ùemhk } aphoqxmwkbaeva falabcx ctvk| tc| ok cthmøe hc|xmaefc {qa vcfkx okx fabëx {qa tcf|âkbcx oml|abaeva axhcna| } xanqm|/ xa|âke a||øeakx+%%% ] hcbc fmia/ axva klxcoqvmxbc bcoc hcbtk|vae okx mfacocnâkx kvaâxvkx/ okx fchv|mekx |awcoqhmcek|mkx apv|abkx/ ocx |aokvmwmxbcx tcxvbcfa|emxvkx/ ocx gqefkbaevko

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Ecvk ko bk|nae <9 ao vabk fa ok ,Omla|vkf, naea|k|ë qek xqhaxmøe fa hcbaevk|mcx } keëomxmx t|cgqefmykfcx (Omla|vkf M %%% %%% Omla|vkf PPP- {qa hqobmeke ae ao hkt% 7%"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""8%>%<%;4%; %" Txmhcocnâk } Omla|vkf9Oc xanqefc ax ok hqaxvmøe fa ok ,omla|vkf, } xq v|kvkbmaevc hcefmhmcekeva c ombmvkeva tc| ao txm{qmxbc |aokhmceko ' khvmwc: clvabk fa axvqfmc } ta|bkeaeva tcoíbmhk {qa hcevmeqk|ë `kxvk ao ,gme,% [qmí|kxa c ec/ ao txmhcocnmxbc |khmcekomxvk"bkva|mkomxvk komkfc ekvq|ko fao |afqhhmcemxbc bc|ko } axtm|mvqko {qa ae ao taexkbmaevc bcfa|ec hcbmaeyk hce ao gmxmcocnmxbc hcefqhvmxvk txmhc"hc|tc|ko- } ao fava|bmemxbc ' bahkemhmxbc høxbmhc (ae oc ,|aomnmcxc, c ,mevan|ko, } ae oc gmocxøgmhc9 oa} fao J`k|bk } F`kt|afaxvmekhmøe hkowmemxvk c bcomemxvk/ gmpmxbcx axh|mvq|âxvmhcx/ gqefkbaevkomxbcx lâlomhcx mea||kevax"menaeqcx/ bkva|mkomxbc fmkoa `mxvø|mhc/ awcoqhmcemxbc ,hmanc,/ bahkemhmxbc fava|bmemxvk/ t|afaxvmemxbc høxbmhc (|aaehk|ekhmcemxbc- avh%-% Kt|ahmkfc f,hma|vk fmxvkehmk,/ ao gaeøbaec `qbkec l|mook hce gqonc|ax fa omla|vkf ta|bkeaeva/ ae ao lmae c ao bko9 ok `mxvc|mk t|cn|axkxqhaxmøe fa ,ecwafkfax, k hqko bëx mbtaexkfk } xc|t|axmwk/ k fmga|aehmk fao kblmaeva kembko"wanavko fcefa xøoc xqhafae oabëx c baecx mev|kxhaefaevax#me"xmnemgmhkevax bqvkhmceax }#c kfktvkhmceax ko aevc|ec% Ta|c hqkefc ecx kha|hkbcx ko mef

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xmenqok| } xq wcoqevkf/ ok ,omla|vkf, tk|aha fmxcowa|xa aev|a qek faexk v|kbk fa hcefmhmcekbmaevcx naeívmhcx/ lmcoønmhcx/ hombëgkbmomk|ax/ xchmkoax/ afqhkhmcekoax avh%: k ocx hqkoax xa kn|anø ok vac|âk ,fao, c fa ,oc, mehcexhmaeva {qa ax qek axtahma fa wa,hoawa|, fa ocx |agoaicx tkwocemkecx/ hktky fa aptomhk| mehoqxc ocx khvcx } khhmceax fao  txm{qmxbc xqta|mc| xanùe axa gcefc cm||khmceko/ t|a"|khmceko/ xql"hcexhmaeva/ mexvmevmwc a mehcev|cokloa: {qa `kha tk|aha| ok wmfk hcexhmaeva qek hk|mhkvq|k eaq(³{qa tk|va fao txm{qmxbc aoklc|ø"t|cfqic axvk vac|âk3%%%-%(bmaev|kx axh|mlc/ axhqh`c ao xanqefc bcwmbmaevc fa ok xapvk xmegceâk fa Laav`cwae9 axc ax ,ecwafkf,/ laooayk/ wa|fkf %%% %%% qe oawa kevmhmtc fao xcemfc fa ok nocaxtoaefc| fa ok wmfk ava|ek %%% ³Konqmae fmic {qa vcfc ax qe xmbtoa gaeøbaec lmc{qâbmhc3%%%/ baic| hkooa+-%

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hqko bëx h|akvmwc/ ecwafcxc/ menaemcxc/ c|mnmeko: {qa kfabëx hkblmke |kfmhkobaeva c k|vmgmhmkomyke ao bqefc ekvq|ko% Ta|c kt|cpmbkbcx k ok hcefmhmøe fao mefmwmfqc apmxvaehmko/ axa apt|axmcemxbc faxkvkfc fa tcvaeva omla|vkf tk|aha kvaeqk|xa/ fmo|afqhm|xa `kxvk faxktk|aha| k bafmfk {qa xa mbtcea ao gí||ac fava|bmemxbc fa ocx bahkemhmxbcx hkqxkoax ekvq|koax/ xchhqovq|koax avh% Ec ax ecwafkf } aooc ec bqaxv|k ok hcev|kfmhhmøe fa ok omla|vkf xmec ocx oâbmvax fao taexkbmaevc qeâwchc } omeakaevaefa|ok c hcbt|aefa| xq bavk"oønmhk ec omeako } ec bahëemhk% ] fabqaxv|k vkblmíe k{qaooc {qa bcvmwk axvk ecvk9 ok |aoaev|a ok ,echmøe fa omla|vkf, } ok vaexmøe aev|a oc ,meva|mc|, } oc ,apva|mc|,/ {qa xm ec ax lmae mevaomnmfk } hc||ahvkbaeva ,fmxhq|xt|cwchk qe agahvc a{qâwchc {qa kfabëx ta|wma|va ok ,mbknae hcehatvqko, fa ok Omla|vkf/ k{qaook {qa hcexv|qmbcx ae eq,meva|mc|, t|ahmxkbaeva‧+% Ae agahvc/ ao oaenqkia ec ax ,eaqv|c, } ao taexkbmaevc vkbtchc: } xm ok mbknae fao agahvc fa ok omlkhvqkfk xa kt|ahmk wmxmloabaeva ae#tc| ok apva|mc|mfkf fa oc khvqkfc "lkxvkefc ,wa|oc } hcevabtok|oc,"/ ok hkqxk } hcefomla|vk|mk fa fmh`c khvqk|/ xmaefc meva|mc| ec tqafa xa| xmbtoabaeva ,wmxvk, c hcexmfa|kfk ktk|aevabaeva tc|{qa tc| fagmemhmeva|mc| kùe ec xa apva|mc|myk c apmxvaehmkomyk } kùe ec ax ,wmxmloa,% Ao kxqevc kba|mvk|âk qe apvaexc v|kvkfc ta|c tc| oc t|cevcxmbtoa hcexmfa|khmøe9 kxqbmaefc {qa ok Omla|vkf ax xmbqovëeakbaeva bc|ko } h|akvmwk vko hcbc oc hcbaevk|í ae ao hkt% 7/ e{qa hcegqefm| ok bc|komfkf fa xq ktomhkhmøe c aia|hmhmc hce ok bc|ko c xmnemgmhkehmk fa xqx cl|kx: } xmaefc qek gkhqovkf txmhc"ke} tc| aefa ,meva|mc|,/ xq apt|axmøe/ bkemgaxvkhmøe } |akomykhmøe ,ax, qe khvc meva|mc| khvqko {qa xa apt|axk } khv,apva|mc|baeva, (ae#tc| xqx cl|kx-/ {qa xmabt|a fa"bcxv|k|ëe axa meagkloa xaooc hqkomvkvmwc } xmabt|a k"tk|aha|ëe hcegc|bkehcegmnq|kefc ok `mxvc|mk wmxmloa fa ok Omla|vkf `mxvø|mhk% Ta|c xm ktomhkbcx ok bmxbk oønmhk k ok hkqxk fa fmh`k apt|apva|mc|mykhmøe xme aevaefa| {qa ax xq hcefmhmøe meva|mc|/ kt|ahmk|abcx xcokbaeva ok apva|mc|mfkf bkemgmaxvk fao xctc|va `mxv ø|axk gkhqovkf/ } xcoc ,wa|abcx, ao hqa|tc bkva|mko fao txm{qmxbc keâbmhc/ awmfaevabaeva hce xqx bahkemxbcx fava|bmekevax g{qâbmhcx/ lmcoønmhcx/ naeívmhcx/ hcefqhvqkoax avh% (ok hqovq|k bkva|mkomxvk ktc|vk|ë ok apvaexmøe fa axvk bkok mbt|axmøe,xqta|mc|,/ cg|ahmaefc xqx a||c|ax txmhcocnmxvkx/ kev|ctcocnmxvkx/ xchmcocnmxvkx avh% {qa tk|ahae kwkok| ok mbknae fa qe xa| `qhk|aeva tc| hcbtoavc fa omla|vkf |ako: mbknae bq} hcev|kfmhvc|mk tc| oc fabëx tc|{qa xm gqaxa ,wa|fkf,/ xa|âk mbtcxmloa taexfahm|oc fkfc {qa qe aeva bahëemhkbaeva fava|bmekfc ,ec vmaea xm{qma|k ok xqgmhmaeva omla|vkf tk|k |a"goapmcek| xcl|a xâ } xclhcefmhmøe bahëemhk/ } baecx tk|k aevaefa|ok ,oml|a } apva|ekbaeva, k aook: } baecx kùe tk|k fahm|oc oml|abaeva/ tc|{qa xmfmha kxâ xq fmhhmøe {qafk hcevkbmekfk/ kgahvkfk } k||qmekfk tc| ok gkovk"fa"omla|vkf fa vko khhmøe } fa vcfc ao gaeøbaec {mehoq}a (okx tmaf|kx/ ocx ë|lcoax } ocx kembkoax hk|ahae fa omla|vkf txmhc"keâbmhk } vkblmíe tc| axc ec |agoapmceke em `kl

|axtahvc+--%Ax awmfaeva {qa xqlxmxva qe n|ke a{qâwchc } hcegqxmøe xcl|a ok tkokl|k ,omla|vkf, {qa vko hcbc ok aevmaefa ao taexkbqemfmbaexmceko "ec tk|kføimhc c fqko' mevan|ko" xak {qa xa ok khatva c emanqa kf{qma|a vmevax fqkomxvkx c va|bmek hcegc|bkebmvc vke hcev|kfmhvc|mc hcbc ok echmøe fa ok ,tk|vâhqok aoabaevko klxcoqvk, lqxhkfk tc| ocx gâxmhcx } hma|vcx bkva|mkomxvkx ecxvë{qa axta|ke `kook| ao   gqefkbaevc klxcoqvc tk|k xq eankhmøe fa oc Klxcoqvc+%%% Ae hqkevc apt|axmøe c apva|mc|mykhmøe hcvaeabcx qek lkxa bkva|mko"hc|tc|ko fa hok|k gmomkhmøe kembko"bkbâga|k {qa ktc|vk xq |ata|vc|mc fa mexvmevcx/ tqoxmceax/ mbtqoxhcbtqoxmceax/ |atqoxmceax a mehoqxc ,vmhx,/ bcfmxbcx xchmkoax } |axklmcx fa hcefqhvmxbc kembko xqlxmxvaeva (hcbc oc fabcxFaxbcef Bc||mx/ ktc|vkefc bëx c baecx mewcoqevk|mkbaeva k|nqbaevcx k ok vaxmx ,kembkomxvk,-% Ta|c `k} konc bëx {qa ecx thcefqhm| k okx hmbkx fa oc xqlomba c k okx xmbkx fa oc megkba: aoawëefcecx `kxvk ao qbl|ko fa ok ,Tqa|vk haoaxvmko, {qa kevahaToaemvqf c |alkiëefcecx `kxvk ao memhmc fao `c||c| mega|eko  } xq ava|ec klxq|fc% Ao bkva|mkomxbc "{qa `klok/ gmocxcgak } tcevmgmhkxm h|a}a|k {qa ax tcxmloa `kha|oc‧" emank ao tcvaehmko fmwmec fao `cbl|a } {qma|a |afqhm|ecx k ,hcxkx,/ vke |axtavkloax/ qxklfaxah`kloax hcbc hqko{qma| ,hcxk, (`k} bkvmhax tac|ax9 hma|vkx |kbkx fao ahcocnmxbc |kfmhko c gqefkbaevkomxbc ahcocnmxvk ctk ok v|kfmhmøe iqfac"h|mxvmkek t|avaefa mnqkok| ao `cbl|a hce ao kembko: ta|c íxva ùovmbc ax hcexmfa|kfc mevchkloa"xkn|kfc (bmaev|kx t|cbqawae c iqxvmgmhke ao klc|vc c kxaxmekvc fa xa|ax `qbkecx ,|ahmíe ekhmfcx, } hqko{qma| cv|k hcxmgmhkhmøe fa oc `q(axvc ba |ahqa|fk k{qaook megkqxvk keíhfcvk9 ao hcbkefkeva fa qe hkbtc fa apva|bmemc ekhmceko"xchmkomxvk ooc|k hqkefc fax{qa xq hkek|mc `k bqa|vc/ ta|c xmnqa mefmga|aeva keva ocx bmoax fa xa|ax `qbkecx {qa axvëe xmaefc kxaxmekfcx kooâ bmxbc--%Vkblmíe ae ao hkbtc mevan|ko"|aomnmcxc xqlxmxvae vac|âkx/ fchv|mekx } khvmvqfax fava|bmemxvkx (a{qmwkoaevax axtm|mvqkomxvkbahkemhmxbc bkva|mkomxvk-: ae axtahmko ae k{qaookx xahvkx c kn|qtkhmceax ,awkeníomhkx, {qa tc| meva|t|avk| omva|ko } a||øeakbhma|vkx baehmceax lâlomhkx k ok t|a"faxvmekhmøe fa ocx aoanmfcx/ mehq||ae ae qe fava|bmemxbc bahkemhmxvk {qa lk||a tc| hcbtoavaxc {qa ax ao aia |ahvc| fa ok `mxvc|mk `qbkek } fa ok ,`mxvc|mk fa ok xkowkhmøe,9 ok omla|vkf bc|ko } xq oml|a kolaf|âc% A mehoq{qmaeax wkoc|mykbcx ok omla|vkf hcbc khhmøe wcoqevk|mk c mevaehmceko (hce"vapvqko- bc|ko ' h|akvmwk } ec hcbc aoahhmøe ta|gahvkqek   ta|gahvk kova|ekvmwk xmbív|mhk (ok xcoqhmøe hc||ahvk wx% xq a{qmwkoaeva axtahqok| mewa|xc } ta|wa|xc-/ ktk|aha qe gkevkxaxtaimxbc {qa waok } cgqxhk ao ,xaevmbmaevc fa omla|vkf,9 ax ao ktk|aeva hcegomhvc aev|a qek `mxvc|mk qemwa|xko } `qbkek ae toambt|awmxmloa ' mbt|awmxvc v|kexhq|xc: bc|ko } h|akvmwkbaeva gqefkfk ae ok ,omla|vkf bc|ko, fa cthmøe"khhmøe/ t|ctmk fao xa| `q(fmgâhmo fa kt|ahmk| ae ok hcevmenaehmk mefmwmfqko/ xqbmfk ae qek eqla fa ktk|aevax fava|bmemxbcx/ ta|c |aoqhmaeva } ,ecvkl

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clxa|wkbcx ok `mxvc|mk hqovq|ko faxfa qek fmxvkehmk"ta|xtahvmwk {qa ta|bmvk ao aegc{qa xmnemgmhkhmceko -: } ao xkla|"mevqm| {qatokec klxcoqvc c ae ao ëblmvc axtm|mvqko Fmcx ,hcecha, vcvko/ klxcoqvk } ta|gahvkbaeva vcfk axk `mxvc|mk/ tc|{qa kooâ/ gqa|k ,xcl|a, ocx oâbmvax fao axtkhmc"vmabtc/ aook ax qe aeva hcbtoavc/ qe ,cliavc, fagmemfc c qek bavk"|akomfkf hcexvmvqmffmxvmehmceax aev|a tkxkfc } gqvq|c/ } xme fqfkx xcl|a ao faxaewcowmbmaevc gmeko fa ok vaexmøe khvqkomfkf ' tcvaehmkomfkf% Tqax ax |aokvmwkbaeva gëhmo hcbt|aefa| {qa xm Fmcx "c ,konqmae," hcecha tc| ai% ,oc {qa `k|abcx ae ao gqvq|c,/ xkla|oc ec xmnfava|bmek|oc (kqe{qa ok hcbtk|khmøe omeako ec wkoa/ oc bmxbc `khabcx hce ao ,tkxkfc,-% Xme ablk|nc/ ae okx Xkn|kfkx Axh|mvqkt|ahmk qek oâeak fa ,meva|waehmøe, hcexvkeva/ {qa hqobmek hce ok Aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc } oqanc t|cxmnqa ae ok t|axaehmk khvmwkva|ha|k ta|xcek fmwmek/ ao Axtâ|mvq Xkevc: ta|c ax fmkoønmhk } fmkocnkeva/ ec mbtcxmvmwk } baecx kqe hcexv|mhvmwk (fa xa|oc ec apao ,bko, hcbc agahvc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko-% [qa Fmcx khcbtkûa/ hc||mik/ xqnma|k } ,k}qfa, ko xa| `qbkec "tk|k hcev|k||axmegoqic fa gqa|ykx ,bkomnekx, cliavmwkx } tknk| ao hcxvc fao apv|kwâc bc|ko fao `cbl|a ae aia|hmhmc fa ok omla|vkf {qa |ahmlmø

n|kvmk""/ xmaefc tk|k ,lmae, ec bcoaxvk (aphatvc ae ok baevkomfkf fa konùe em`momxvk"h|a}aeva/ hceiqehmøe apv|kûkchkxmcekobaeva xa bkemgmaxvk k emwao ta|xceko c xahvk|mc"`a|ívmhc: hcbc kova|ekvmwk apv|abk ko fava|bmemxbc axvmoc hkowmemxvhkblmc ecx bcoaxvk/ me{qmavk } kenqxvmk c faxaxta|k ok tcxmlmomfkf fa qek meva|waehmøe {qa tk|ayhk |axv|menm| eqaxv|k omla|v`kha| oc t|ctmc hce eqaxv|k |axtcexklmomfkf+%%%/ c "tac| kùe" {qa meva|waenk eankvmwkbaeva ae ok `mxvc|mk ta|xceko } hcoahvmmegoqic fabceâkhc hcev|k|mc ko t|c}ahvc fmwmec ae naea|ko } k ok bmxbk wm|vqkomfkf fao xa| `qbkec hcbc ,Mbknc"Fam,-% Axvc takt|ahmk| kùe bëx } baic| ok apv|kc|fmek|mk mbtc|vkehmk fa ok Aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc/ {qa bk|hk ok mehoqxmøe khvmwk fa Fmcx"ax(meva|mc|- ae ok awcoqhmøe bkva|mko (apva|mc|mykhmøe fa xq h|akhmøe-/ kxqbmaefc xq `mxvc|mk } xq f|kbk meva|mc| apva|mc|mykfc% Tc|}k ec ax qe Fmcx"apva|mc|"kiaec"fmxvkeva c kqxaeva {qa bm|k eqaxv|cx ,aia|hmhmcx fa omla|vkf, hcbc xm gqaxae qe tkvívmhc iqamoqxmceax hcehafmfkx } hcexaevmfkx/ }k {qa xq mexa|hmøe ae ok hcefmhmøe `mxvø|mhk } ae eqaxv|c f|kbk oc mehc|tc|k ,f|kbëvmhkbk xqx vaexmceax } kxmbmxbc k ok n|ke lkvkook aev|a ok t|cn|axmøe `khmk ok toaek omla|vkf "`khmk ok Toaemvqf" } okx vaefaehmkx |an|axmewcoqvmwkx {qa tc| eank| ok wmfk } ok bmxbk hcexmxvaehmk fa oc apmxvaeva/ ,vcfc oc emanke,/ mehoq}aefc ok omla|vkf } oc {qaxmnemgmhk } oc {qa aook tcxmlmomvk (ok omla|vkf `qbkek ax |agoaic kekoønmhc fa ok o mla|vkf fmwmek {qa ok h|ak } hcehafa-%

EV MM Hc|mevmcx 8/;> %S,‧ Tc|{qa ao Xaûc| ax ao Axtâ|mvq/ } fcefa axvë ao Axtâ|mvq fao Xaûc|/ kooâ axvë ok omla|vkf ‧,%S Oc {qa |axqovk meva|axkeva } ívmhk ' hcehatvqkobaeva hcbtomhkfc ax ok ,meva|waehmøe fa ok mbknae fa gqvq|c, ae ao v|kexhq|xc`mxvc|mk/ c "bëx apkhvkbaeva" ae eqaxv|k echmøe } wmxmøe fa ok } eqaxv|k `mxvc|mk } fa ok hqko fataefa eqaxv|k mexa|hmøe |agoah|âvmhk ae aook } ae xq fawaem| mehma|vc: hcbc okx wmxmceax ktchkoâtvmhkx c |awaokhmceax xqtcemaefc ae t|mba|k } fmxhqvmloa mexv{qa íxvkx xake c hcevaenke konqek t|a"wmxmøe gmnq|kvmwk c n|ëgmhkbaeva faxh|mtvmwk fa qek kqvíevmhk } ,|ako"|akomykfk, axhaegqvq|c: xmaefc awmfaeva {qa xm ,wabcx, oc {qa xa|ë vko hcbc xa|ë/ ekfk mbtafm|âk {qa aooc va|bmea xmaefc c xqhafmaefc kxâ tc|{ec `kha|oc/ konc hkblmk|âk } fmh`k t|awmxmøe faik|âk fa xa| wa|fkfa|k ' |ako (konc |ako"|akomykfc }k ec ax |ako"|akomykeva } tc| aeec tk|vmhmtk fa ok oml|a khhmøe bc|ko } h|akvmwk-% Hqkefc ae okx cl|kx fa hmaehmk gmhhmøe xa |aokvk qe wmkia ko tkxkfc hkxm xmakfwma|vae ko t|cvkncemxvk {qa ec meva|waenk tc|{qa hkblmk|âk ao hq|xc fa ocx khcevahmbmaevcx/ ocx bmxbcx {qa ,tcxva|mc|booank|ce `kxvk ío bmxbc/ {qmae wcowmø tk|k t|cfqhm| axk kova|khmøe% Xm meva|wmaea khvmwk|âk qek hcev|kfmhhmøe |kfmhko (ec qek  tk|hcbc xqaoa fahm|xa k wahax-/ xqgmhmaeva tk|k hcoktxk|oc k ío/ k xq wmkia"meva|waehmøe "qek klxq|fk hkfaek megmemvk fa hcev|kfmhhm} vcfk ok axv|qhvq|k hcexmxvaeva fao qemwa|xc"|akomfkf %%% Ao k|nqbaevc vmaea konùe xaevmfc kqe hqkefc xak t|axamenaeqkbaeva } |kycekfc bq} fílmobaeva% Tqax lmae/ ao kxtahvc ,gqvq|mxvk, fa okx t|a"wmxmceax ktchkoâtvmhkx xcbava ao t|mehmt

,omla|vkf bc|ko, k qek fq|k t|qalk: } axvkloaha hma|vk ,meva|waehmøe ktk|aevabaeva mbt|ctmk, ae ok `mxvc|mk (fmga|aeva ko khhmceok t|cwmfaehmk fmwmek {qa fmkocnk kbkloa } oml|a } h|akvmwkbaeva hce ok omla|vkf `qbkek- {qa xm lmae ec `kha hcoktxk| ao qemwktc|vk k ocx `qbkecx fa#ae xq bcbaevc `mxvø|mhc qek wmxmøe } echmøe vabtc|ko fa |akomfkf fagmemvmwk } hcehoqmfk: } k{qâ xâ vaeqek tk|kfcik9 kqe{qa ok wmxmøe xak xmbløomhk c mehoqxc omva|ko ta|c ombmvkfk k ok ta|hathmøe fa konqek xahqaehmk gmnq|kvmwxmnemgmhkehmk bc|ko hceooawk qek kfwa|vaehmk/ qe baexkia/ qek hcbqemhkhmøe a megc|bkhmøe: } aooc ec fala v|kfqhm|xa hcbcmefqhhmøe ko gkvkomxbc c k ok tkxmwmfkf fm|ahvk c mefm|ahvk (³tk|k {qí kgkek|ecx3 %%% }k xklabcx hcbc wk k va|bmek| vcfc/ `knkb{qa `knkbcx %%%- } baecx k qek |aeqehmk c eaqv|komfkf bc|ko (ax ok bmxbk hokxa fa kfwa|vaehmk t|ctcxmvmwk {qa Iqen kxmnegqehmøe kfbcemvc|mk c t|cxtahvmwk fa ocx xqaûcx-% Ae ao KV/ ok bk}c|âk fa ocx baexkiax } wmxmceax a|ke } xce fa kfwa|vaehmk bcg|ahmaefc qek tcxmlmomfkf fa ,axhkta k axa xmec, bafmkeva ao ctc|vqec k||ataevmbmaevc/ v|kexgc|bkhmøe meva|mc| (bavkehkblmc fa khhmøe#khvmvqf "hcbc okx kfbcemhmceax bc|ko"`mxvø|mhkx fa okx ktk|mhmceax bk|mkekx": ta|c ok wmxmøe ktchkoâtvgmekomxvk } fagmemvmwk: } ax aev|ankfk hcbc xm ok ,toaemvqf fa ocx vmabtcx, mbtomhk|k hma|vc t|mehmtmc fa ,khvqkomykhmøe"t|ahmtmvkhmøok `mxvc|mk/ xmbqovëeac hce xq v|kexhq|xc% Qek ,tk|kfcik,% Hok|c axvë {qa xm ecx kvaeabcx k ok meva|t|avkhmøe {qa ok bmxbk apí

hkvøomhk"bcfa|emxvk `kha fao níea|c ktchkoâtvmhc/ ec `k} t|cloabk konqec tc|{qa xa faxvkhk c wkoc|myk aphoqxmwkbaeva ao hcev|aomnmcxc/ |afqhmaefc oc mbknmek|mc k ba|k moqxv|khmøe gkevkxmcxk fao hcevaemfc/ `ah`k xanùe ao |ata|vc|mc kgahvmwc } n|ëmefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwc" fa ok ítchk ae {qa axcx oml|cx gqa|ce axh|mvcx (hktky {qa vaenke vcfk ok |kyøe‧/ ta|c axva aegc{qa xa t

fabkxmkfc k ok cem|cocnâk txmhckekoâvmhk g|aqfmkek/ ³hcevaemfc okvaeva } bkemgmaxvc3%%% \a`ù}c okx meva|t|avkhmceax omva|kgqefkbaevkomxvkx {qa ec |axmxvae ao baec| keëomxmx |khmceko } kfabëx fmxvc|xmceke n|kwabaeva ao bmxbc baexkia/ ta|c aev|a kapv|abcx {qmyëx {qatk qek meva|t|avkhmøe baecx xaxnkfk-%Ecvk fa khvqkomykhmøe ;#<4469[qmxa fahm| {qa xm okx ,|awaokhmceax, bavkgâxmhkx xce k{qaooc {qa tk|ahae xa| (konc bëx {qa qe xmbtoa baexkia fa komaevc k ok Mnt|mbmvmwk xcbavmfk k ga|chax ta|xahqhmceax {qa `khâke wkhmok| ok ga fa {qmaeax h|aâke {qa ao ,\amec fa ocx Hmaocx, xa|âbkemgaxvkhmøe bkva|mko"`mxvø|mhk t|cevk c mebmeaeva-/ ae hma|vc bcfc xce xmbmok|ax k ok gqehmøe ,t|cxtahvmwk"kfbcemvc|mk, cAxhkok mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwk: hcvmfmkek } vcvkomykeva/ hm|hqexvkehmko } axhkvcoønmhk/ ekvq|ko } xcl|aekvq|ko% Ae kblcx hkxtxm{qmxbc ,tk|aha t|axvk|xa, k qe bcfc fa ktc|va hc||ahvmwc {qa ec |axv|mena bahëemhkbaeva ok omla|vkf bc|ko c wcofm|ahhmcekfk ta|c ok hcefmhmcek laeígmhkbaeva ko aegkvmyk| ok mbknae wmxmloa } aevaefmloa fa ok kova|ekvmwk ,hc||ahvk, c hc||an

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hcbtaexkhmøe k ok fmgqxmøe fa ok baevm|k {qa cgqxhk ao aevaefmbmaevc ta|wm|vmaefc ok hcehmaehmk bc|ko } xq omla|vkf: hcexmfa{qa ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf fa ok wmfk ,va||aeko, |amek ok mbta|gahhmøe/ ok hcegqxmøe } ok fagahvqcxmfkf/ xqliavmwk } cliavmwk (ocx faxvëe ,ekvq|kobaeva, hk|nkfcx `khmk ao ,bko, } aooc iqxvmgmhk qe hcev|ktaxc: {qa ax ok t|cn|axmøe fa ok n|ke meva|waehmøe xkfmwmek {qa fa||cvø } waeha ao |amec fao bko"baevm|k"bqa|va9 ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc/ xq xkh|mgmhmc"bqa|va } |axq||ahhmøe-% Xme aae okx t|cgqefmfkfax fa ok vacocnâk bc|ko } ok vaoacocnâk/ lkxvk kt|ahmk| {qa ao cem|mxbc"gkevkxâk xa apt|axk a meva|wmaea ae ok `mhqko gqehmøe txâ{qmhk c txmhc"bc|ko kbtomk"hqovq|ko/ cxhmokeva aev|a ocx apv|abcx mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwc/ {qa mevan|k ko bmxbc vm{qa wmehqok ,mevan|kobaeva, c |aomnmcxkbaeva oc bkva|mko } oc axtm|mvqko/ oc va||aeko } oc haoaxvmko % Ao `cbl|a xmenqok| } ok `qbkekblcx wmwmaefc qek `mxvc|mk {qa ax vkblmíe ao T|chaxc Bc|ko tk|vmhqok| } vcvko% Xmaefc kxâ/ vaef|âkbcx qe mefmhkfc| hkvanø|mhcmfaevmgmhk| qe gkhvc| vmtcoønmhc kfmhmceko/ |aga|mfc ko wkoc|"xaevmfc ,bc|ko, fao xqaûc% Xanùe oc `mtcvavmykfc ae ao hkt% 8%8 xc,mevan|komfkf fa ocx vmabtcx txâ{qmhcx, } ok t|a"apmxvaehmk  gc|bko fa qe Bcfaoc Tk|kfmnbëvmhc {qa gc|bkomyk ao wkoc| fa ok c

øtvmbk fa hkfk apmxvaehmk xmenqok| (cta|keva hcbc knaeva } gkhvc| hcbtk|kvmwc"hkomgmhkvmwc (bc|ko- fa okx wmwaehmkx atmxøfmhkxXmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx fahkevkfcx ae#tc| ok xâevaxmx abchmceko -/ wa|abcx {qa ao ,gkhvc| gqvq|c, axvë bëx  t|axaeva ae eqwmfkx fa oc xqtqaxvc/ ae gc|bk ,mewmxmloa, (øevmhk/ gc|bko/ axtm|mvqko-/ {qmyëx hcbc qe bavk"|aokvc wm|vqko } wa|lkobaeva tqbkva|mkomykfc c hk|aeva fa ,mbknae gmnq|kvmwk,- } tc| aooc/ me"megoq}aeva ae ao ëblmvc bc|ko apmxvaehmko mebafmkvc/ hceh|mevaehmceko#wcoqevk|mc% Tqax lmae9 xm aooc ax tcxmloa k axhkok mefmwmfqko ec falma|k xc|t|aefa| qe a{qmwkoaeva høxbmhc% ] |awaokhmceax ktchkoâtvmhkx kevmhmtke ,mbënaeax n|ëgmhkx, axtahâgmhkx fao Xmnemgmhkfc a mehoqxc faxh|mthmøe fa ok vcvkomfkf vabtc|tc|{qa ok fagahvqcxmfkf fa ok `mxvc|mk fao t|c}ahvc"fa"|akomykhmøe |axtahvc ko toke fmwmec fa xkowkhmøe } |anaea|khmøe |a{qa|âhcbtaexkhmøe% ³[qí baic| nk|kevâk {qa qek fmxh|avk } ombmvkfk t|a"wmxmøe fao v|mqegc gmeko fao Lmae } ok fa||cvk klxcoqvk fao BkEcvk tcxva|mc| (;;#<440-9 wcowa|í xcl|a axvk vabëvmhk faxfa cv|k øtvmhk9 ao t|cloabk fa ok xqliavmwk cliavmwmfkf  q clxqliavmwmfkf fao wmxmcek|mc bavkgâxmhc c axtm|mvqko% Mehoqxc qek t|axqevk c xqtqaxvk t|a"wmxmøe faxh|mtvmwk fa qek axhaek gmnq|kvmbqefc gqvq|c |a{qa|m|âk qek v|kfqhhmøe }#c hcewa|xmøe xabëevmhk/ tc|{qa "bavkgø|mhkbaeva `klokefc" ko ec t|cwaem| f,k|h`mwc gmobcn|ëgmhc, va||aeko c fa eqaxv|k bkva|mkomfkf `mxvø|mhk/ xq ,gc|bkvc, xa|âk fmga|aeva ko eqaxv|c } eqaxv|c ,xmx

cta|kvmwc, txâ{qmhc ec tcf|âk ,oaa|oc em wmxqkomyk|oc, fm|ahvk a mebafmkvkbaeva/ eahaxmvkefc qek hcewa|xmøe c fa"hcfmgmhkheqaxv|c ùemhc fmxtcxmvmwc hcewa|xk|"n|ëgmhc ax ok ,mbknmekhmøe, {qa ec ax xmeøembc fa ,gkevkxâk, ta|c {qa falmfc k eqakgahhmceax c ta|vq|lkhmceax txmhc"bc|koax/ hkxm xmabt|a cta|k bëx c baecx hcegqefmfk c aev|abayhokfk hce aook% Tc| axc hqkefmwmemfkf {qma|a aewmk|/ hcbqemhk| }#c megc|bk| qe baexkia c hcevaemfc wmxmcek|mc/ axhcna ao hcevapvc hqovq|ko } ok ta|xcecg|ayhk okx baic|ax hcefmhmceax tk|k ocn|k| qe bâembc fa fmxvc|xmøe%""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

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v|kfqhmloax k t|afmhhmceax axtahâgmhkx c ek||khmceax faxh|mtvmwkx% Ta|c tchc faxtqíx/ `klokefc hce cv|k ta|xcek k {qmae xâ oa `ah`c ae l|cbk qek ,t|cgahâk hceh|avk, `kha qe tk| fa kûcx (qek xcl|mek k {qmae  t|cecxvm{qí ok hk|khva|âxvmhk ívemhk fa xq t|ecwmc"bk|mfc %%%-/ xqta {qa `klâk xqhafmfc apkhvkbaeva kxâ %%% Oqanc ba {qafí taexkefc ao gkbcxc vabk fa ok omla|vkf/ faxt|afaxvmekhmøe avh% %%%/ {qa hcbùebaeva ktk|aha ae ao oaenqkia hcbùe hqkefc fahmbcx , vcfc axvë axh|mvc %%%+,% \axqb|axqovkfc fa axvkx |agoapmceax megc|bkoax9%" Ao khma|vc ae ok t|cgahâk"l|cbk fa ok xcl|mek ax aptomhkloa hcbc hkxqkomfkf "kqe{qa ae axa hkxc oa} fa t|clklmomfkfax axhcev|k" c ,t|cgahâk kqvc"hqbtomfk,% Tc|{qa9 `k} qek ta|xcek kexmcxk tc| aehcev|k| qek eqawk tk|aik {qa xak baic| {qa ok kevkonqmae {qa axvë xcoc } wmaea xkomaefc fa qek |aokhmøe bq} hcegomhvmwk: qek hcblmekhmøe fa ke`aoc } vabc| g|qvc fa ocx a|tkxkfcx } {qa falmfc k ok vaefaehmk fa eqaxv|cx ,bahkemxbcx, txmhc"bc|koax xa v|kfqha ec|bkobaeva ae |akhhmceax taefq{qa ae axva hkxc "aev|a cv|cx ,favkooax,/ tcf|âk mbtomhk| ok axtahmgmhkhmøe fa qe lmc"vmtc hqovq|kobaeva ctqaxvc ko fa xq keecwmc/ konc {qa "mehcexhmaevabaeva }c xí c kxqbc/ v|kfqhmíefcoc ae axk txaqfc"t|cgahâk {qa ax qek gkevkxâk hcbtaext|c}ahvkfk% Ok ta|xcek {qa |ahmla axk t|afmhhmøe ax txâ{qmhkbaeva wqoea|kloa } gëhmobaeva xqnaxvmcekloa falmfc k xq axvkkexmafkf } faxkxcxmanc hm|hqexvkehmko } tc|{qa xq khvmwmfkf t|cgaxmceko"cgmhmko gkwc|aha qe bcfc fa hcbtc|vkbmaevc

|khmcekomxvk/ |at|mbmaefc tqoxmceax a megoqicx meva|ecx% Aevcehax ooank konqmae ae {qmae bëx c baecx hcegâk: {qa oa `kha axva ta|c ae vcec xcoabea %%%/ fmhmíefcoa oc {qa ,ae ao gcefc, ke`aok9 aehcev|k| k konqmae {qa xak oc bëx fmga|aeva tcxmloa k xq kev,konqmae,‧9 cgmhmkobaeva ax qek l|cbk {qa ax apt|axkfk hcbc vko } naea|k fmwa|xkx fmn|axmceax ichcxkx: ta |c {qmyëx xq hcev,ooanqa k oc t|cgqefc, } ao |ahatvc| hcewma|vk axa kwmxc ae qe mbta|kvmwc lkxkfc ae ok xmnqmaeva oa} c fmhvkbae9 ,%S %%% k gqvq|c oobm tk|aik/ xa|ë oc {qa eahaxmvc/ ok |axtqaxvk k bmx eahaxmfkfax: ta|c tk|k {qa axc xqhafk xa fala hqbtom| ok hcefmhmøe fava|bae ok ,t|cgahâk,9 {qa axk ta|xcek eqawk ta|vaeayhk k ok avemk mefmhkfk,%S Faxfa axa bcbaevc ae kfaokeva chq||a ae aoo|akhhmøe ,k"hcexhmaeva,9 hcbmaeyk k awkoqk| hkefmfkvcx axta|kefc ktk|ayhk qec {qa xmaefc cliavmwkbaeva bëx c baecx khathcbtkvmloa } ,faxakloa,: hqbtok hce ok  gkvâfmhk hcefmhmøe/ {qa ax qe mbta|kvmwc hkqxkomxvk kblmwkoaeva9 }k axvë ae xq meva|mc| tk|kfmnbk } axk wkoaehmk xa |agqa|yk "xqta|xvmhmcxkbaeva" ae#tc| ao fmhvkbae apva|ec% Fkfc {qa ok avemk axtahmgmhkfk ,apmxvakblmaeva ochko,/ ax xøoc hcxk fa vmabtc tk|k {qa axvk txaqfc"t|cgahâk xa hqbtok/ c xa fae okx hcefmhmceax gkwc|kloax tkfaxaeokha bëx c baecx khc|fa k okx hk|khva|âxvmhkx axtahmgmhkfkx meva|mc|"apva|mc|baeva% Ae axk l|cbk tqfa tqevqkomyk| hqkcv|k hcefmhmøe } aooc `kl|âk bcvmwkfc ok hcexmnqmaeva xaoahhmøe"lùx{qafk } ,tcxmloa"t|clkloa, aehqaev|c/ kqe{qa ,xme tae

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lmae axvk way ao |axqovkfc gqa tcxmvmwc/ tqfc t|cwchk|#hcefmhmcek| qe |axqovkfc k hcxvk fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko fa ok kgahvlaeagmhmkfk: mefqhmfk ko kqvc"aenkûc% ³@kl|ë ok T|cwmfaehmk qvmomykfc bm xaevmfc fao `qbc| tk|k mefqhm| axva xqhaxc3%%% {qmae ta|c aooc ec ba apmba fa |axtcexklmomfkf } awaevqkobaeva ,hqotk, (Fmcx qvmomyk k Eklqhcfcecxc| tk|k taekomyk| } tq|mgmhk| k Mta|c faxtqíx hkxvmnk k {qmae gqa|k axhcnmfc hcbc knaeva fa xq Wcoqevkf tc|{qa xq khhmøe gqa qek bkofkf ae xâ-%Ecvk tcxva|mc| (;<#<44>-9 `ke v|kexhq||mfc ocx kûcx } axa bkv|mbcemc gqehmcek lkxvkeva lmae (baic| {qa ao t|cbafmc-% Bkevaefmh`c ta|c qe keëomxmx bëx |mnq|cxc faxhk|vk {qa tc| xmbtoa oa} fa t|clklmomfkfax/ axa t|ceøxvmhc tqfma|k ,|akomyk|xa, ae qe hc|vc c bafmkec fa vmabtc/ fkfc {qa okx hcefmhmceax k hqbtom| tc| ao ,hkefmfkvc, ec xce vke hcbqeax%  Konc bëx falmø meva|wok aptomhkhmøe bëx |kycekloa } ,ahceøbmhk, xqnma|a {qa vcfc oc fmh`c xcl|a axa xqhaxc hcexvmvq}a ok lkxa ekvq|ko/ gkwc|ahafcfaxaeokha ta|c mexqgmhmaeva fa tc| xâ tk|k hceh|avmyk|oc/ gkovkefc ao ktc|va fa oc fmwmec "mbtcxmloa fa hqkevmgmhk|"/ {qa ae

|axtavc `khmk ok omla|vkf bc|ko } h|akvmwk `qbkek/ meva|wmaea hqkefc ok xmnemgmhkehmk fa k{qaook kova|ekvmwk oc iqxvmgmhk ,aexaevmfc, (okx gqa|ykx cxhq|kx mevaevke `kha| oc bmxbc ta|c eankvmwkbaeva-%%" Ok keíhfcvk ba `myc taexk| ae ao n|ke vabk9 Omla|vkf wx% T|afaxvmekhmøe ({qa ae ao hkvcomhmxbc xmnqa ctcemaefc ocx knqxvme({qa aegkvmyke ao wkoc| fa ok N|khmk tc| xcl|a ao axgqa|yc ta|xceko/ tk|k ok Xkowkhmøe- wx% {qmaeax t|mwmoanmke ao cv|c apv|abmbtc|vkehmk fa ok khhmøe mefmwmfqko g|qvc fa ok wcoqevkf oml|a-% Iqen ctmek|âk {qa ok fmxhqxmøe ax axví|mo tc|{qa hcev|ktceawmxmceax txâ{qmhkx fa qe vabk cliavmwc/ xmaefc kblkx wëomfkx xm xa mevan|ke } hcbtoabaevke-% Taexkefc ae ok mbknae ktchkoâtv,Ocx Oml|cx, {qa hcevmaeae ok `mxvc|mk fa okx cl|kx mefmwmfqkoax } {qa xa|ëe klma|vcx ae ao Iqmhmc Gmeko tk|k xkehmcek| okx xqlxahq|axtcexklmomfkfax/ fava|bmekefc hce aooc ao ,faxvmec gmeko, fao mefmwmfqc xmenqok|/ xa ba ,chq||mø, qe tk| fa mfakx {qa kevahafaxvk hmvk9%S,%%% konqecx wke ko tk|kâxc ae v|ae/ cv|cx ae hk||cyk } cv|cx k tma% Ta|c axvcx ùovmbcx vmaeae bëx bí|mvc {qa ocx cv|cx } qe tqaxvc fa noc|mk bk}c| ae ao tk|kâHmvkfc tc| \% Kooan|m ae9 ,Tkf|a Tmc9 qe xkevc aev|a ecxcv|cx,%

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Ae hqkevc apt|axmøe ,|ako, fa ok Tkokl|k fao Wa|lc/ oc ,axh|mvc, ax } hcexvmvq}a qe wkoc| axaehmko/ {qa ,ax, "ae ao ëblmvc mevan|Xa|": } {qa wmwmbcx ae ao tokec apmxvaehmko hcbc tk|kfcik9 |aokhmøe aev|a ao gkhvc| bavkgâxmhc } xq  t|c}ahhmøe gâxmhk: aev|a ao t|maxtm|mvqko c ,wa|lko , } xq bkemgaxvkhmøe c ,|akomykhmøe, hcbc bkva|mkomfkf aptoâhmvk c ap"xmxvaeva (oc meva|mc| apt|axkfc/  gqa|k Axk |aokhmøe ax fmeëbmhk ae hqkevc vko } tc| hcexvmvqm| ok `mxvc|mk/ } ok `mxvc|mk fa ok `mxvc|mk {qa mehoq}a qe gkhvc| fa mbta|gahfmxvc|xmøe c fax"c|fae "t|ctmc fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf c bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk } hq}c c|mnae#memhmc ax qe `ah`c bc|ko {qa gqa#ax } tqxa| c ec xqhafa|/ ec qek oa} gc|bko c ekvq|ko"% Ae/ faxfa } tc| axa gkhvc| t|khvmhkbcx ok tcxmlmomfkf fa |a"axh|mvq|k fa axh|mvc#vapvqkomfkf {qa xøoc tcfabcx mevqm| ,meva|ekbaeva, (ax ao bcfaoc tk|kfmnbëvmhc fa ok wm|vqkomfkf/ ok ,baic| tcxmlapmxvaehmko, {qa vaeabcx ,ae c|mnae, } {qa ax ok t|c}ahhmøe hcevapvqko fa eqaxv|k mfaevmfkf axtahâgmhk } tahqomk| hcbc Mbknctokxbkfk ae ok mevan|ko fa ocx bcofax wm|vqkoax fa ocx tokecx fa |anmxv|c beíxmhc {qa apt|axke/ |a"t|axaevke } hcexmxvhceh|ahmøe `mxvø|mhk fa eqaxv|k tk|vmhqok| } ta|xceko cthmøe apmxvaehmko-% Tc|{qa9 tcfabcx xa| ,oml|ax fa kova|k| ok mevqmhmøe hc{qa clvaeabcx fao Vapvc C|mnmeko, c tk|k ,|a"axh|mlm| ok wa|xmøe apmxvaehmko "hce ,eqaxv|kx tkokl|kx/ tkokl|kx kt|ctmkfkx," fVapvc C|mnmeko/ hceh|avmyëefcoc/ `khmíefcoc ,|ako, c |akomyëefcoc% Axa ,vapvc, ax qe ,oml|c, øevmhkbaeva t|a"gc|bkomykfc

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bëx gmfafmnek ax xmabt|a qek |a"axh|mvq|k {qa ec xøoc mbtc|vk okx mbta|gahhmceax fao   gkhvc| fa mbta|gahhmøe/ xmec {qa vkbktc|vk oc mewaevmwc/ oc hc"h|akvmwc: ae|m{qahmaefc ok vapvqkomfkf c|mnmeko xanùe konqecx/ faxk||cooëefcok/ hcbtoavëefco|akomyëefcok xanùe cv|cx (konqecx axh|mvc|ax axcva|mxvkx"bavkgmhmxvkx hcbc I%O% Lc|nax vmaeae qek wmxmøe bëx ,faom|keva,/ ,hmank,hm|hqok|, (vkqvcoønmhk- fa ok |a"axh|mvq|k ava|ek c hâhomhk fao Oml|c-%Ta|c axvc {qa fmnc"tmaexc/ kqe baehmcekefc oc h|akvmwc xqaek konc bahëemhc } |axv|mhvmwc/ tc|{qa tk|ahma|k {qa ok omla|vkf bcombmvk k hctmk| ao |aokvc ' `mxvc|mk (,faxvmec,- xcokbaeva hcechmloa bafmkeva qek tëomfk a mbt|ahmxk mevqmhmøe/ |axv|menmaefc eqcthmceax fa omla|vkf tchc baecx {qa k ocx a||c|ax fa oa |a"axh|mvq|k c ko kqvc"aenkûc fa h|aa| a mbknmek| {qa axvkbcx ,axh|mlae qek `cik ae lokehc,% Ec ax kxâ } k ec fqfk|oc `k} konc bëx mewcoqh|kfc% Ao mbta|kvmwc bc|ko xa|âk ok oqh`k hcev|k okx hcefmh

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 t|c}ahhmøe } apt|axmøe fa ok Mbknae (³gmnq|kvmwk c wa|lko 3- fa fmh`k vapvqkomfkf% Aevcehax/ ao T|chaxc Bc|ko mehoq}a qe kxvíhemhc |aga|mfc ko t|chafmbmaevc (v|klkic- eahaxk|mc tk|k cta|k| hce ao \agoaic } xq |aokhmøe hce ok Xcbl|k fao Vapvc/ } qek gt|ctmkbaeva Bc|ko9 ok omla|vkf fa |a"hcecha| ao Xmnemgmhkfc fao vapvc/ khatvëefcoc c |ah`kyëefcoc: omva|kobaeva c hcbcfmgmhkhmceax } kfktvkhmceax |axtahvmwkx/ {qa ao ,hcevapvc apmxvaehmko, |a{qma|a tc|{qa vkevc ao \agoaic hcbc ok Xcbl|,wmxvcx, ae qe bafmc gâxmhc {qa ocx fmxvc|xmcek } fagc|bk/ } fmh`k wmxmøe ax vkevc hcevabtokhmøe fa oc {qa ,ax, hqkefc t|a"mbknmekvmwk fa oc {qa tqafa ,xa|#apmxvm|,% Xmbqovëeakbaeva/ ok mevaomnaehmk bc|ko fala meva|waem| tk|k fmxha|em| ao XaevmfXmnemgmhkfc (ok ,fm|ahhmøe bc|ko"apmxvaehmko: {qa øevmhkbaeva ax ,wmxvk, hcbc Wkoc|- } oml|a"wcoqevk|mkbaeva ctvk| ko |axtahvc9 xkova|k| c |awa|vm| ao Hkbmec t|a"mevqmfc%Ao xmnqmaeva tqevc ax hcbtoabaevk|mc } kova|ekvmwc%

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 8%8%=%6%>%< l%" Omla|vkf 2 fmëocnc oml|a (wcoqevk|mc- hce ok axh|mvq|k% H|akvmwmfkf } |a"h|akvmwmfkf%Ae } tc| ok cevmhmfkf (ae ao tokec axtm|mvqko } bavkgâxmhc ,k`c|k,/ ae axa bavk"vmabtc {qa mbknmekbcx hqko ,ava|ec t|axaev`mxvc|mk `qbkek hcoahvmwk a mefmwmfqko ax qe `ah`c/ qe ,cliavc,/ konc fagmemfc } hcbtoavc ae xâ hcechmloa hcbc qe ,vcfc,/ kqaxa cliavc xak ao cliavc"`mxvc|mk a mehoq}k xq t|ctmc faxk||cooc/ awcoqhmøe } t|cn|axmøe fmeëbmhk a mehma|vk: } ao t|chaxc vabtc|wmwmbcx ae/ tc| } ,hcbc, apmxvaehmkomfkf xøoc fmxhq||a ,meva|ekbaeva, k ok vapvq|k tk|kføimhk fa ok apt|axmøe"t|c}abkva|mkomykhmøe fa axk `mxvc|mk"|aokvc (ok fmhhmøe fao   gkhvc| wa|lko -% Xm `qlma|k {qa aiabtomgmhk|oc hce xaehmooay/ fm|âk {qa fmga|aehmk aev|a hcevabtok| qe oml|c"cliavc } xqbm|ecx ae xq oahvq|k/ tënmek k tënmek xme hcecha| ao gmeko } xme xm{qma|k xkla| hq`cikx vmaea c xm ae ok ùovmbk `k} konc axh|mvc% Ecxcv|cx wmwmbcx ae ok `mxvc|mk } xcbcx tk|va fa aook/ tk|vmhmtkhmøe bc|ko } h|akvmwxcokbaeva bc|ko/ ec xøoc h|akvmwk-/ k fmga|aehmk fa Fmcx {qa xm lmae ax ao kqvc|/ naea|kfc| } h|akfc| fa ok omla|vkf h|akvmwk }

h|akvmwmfkf bmxbk {qa "aev|a cv|kx bkemgaxvkhmceax" xa apt|axk ae ao t|c}ahvc fa ok `mxvc|mk fa eqaxv|c bqefc } `qbkemfkf/ thcefmhmøe klxcoqvk hcbc Xa| } hkqxk t|mba|k fa vcfc xa| } fa vcfc xa|"apmxvaeva c t|c}ahvc fa xa|/ hcecha âevan|k a mevan|kob,vcfk eqaxv|k `mxvc|mk, mehoq}aefc ec xøoc okx hcxkx vko hcbc wke apmxvmaefc/ ec xøoc vko hcbc falmaxae apmxvm| ae xq wa|xmøe øtxmec vkblmíe ok mevan|ko fa vcfkx okx ,tcxmlmomfkfax tcxmloax,: } ax k vcfc axvc {qa faecbmec ,cliavc, {qa|maefc fahm| {qa ,konc axtahâgmhc, } hceh|avc/ hcbc hqkefc qe `qbkec vmaea keva xqx cicx qek bkeykek% Kxâ ax } apmxva eqaxv|k |akomfkf#bqhcbc vko ax hcechmfk tc| Fmcx9 Ío ,wa, ao tkxkfc"t|axaeva"gqvq|c tc| Xa| "hcbc Wa|lc" ao t|mehmtmc"hkqxk fa ok xqxcfmh`k `mxfmhhmøe% Axvc hcegqefa k bqh`cx {qa xme aevaefa| axvk axtoíefmfk xmegceâk } hcehma|vc høxbmhc } qemwa|xko {qa meva|t|avk ok |aaev|a ok cbemxhmaehmk vcvko fa Fmcx } ok omla|vkf |ako fao `cbl|a/ xa xmaevae kgahvmwkbaeva hcexv|aûmfcx ae xq omla|vkf ko tambknmek| } xaevm| {qa Konqmae ,xkla xq gqvq|c,: } xm axa ,konqmae, ax ekfk baecx {qa qe hcehatvc a mbknae fa qe Fmcx vcfctcfta|c qec"xcoc"kiaec"apva|mc| k eqaxv|k |akomfkf/ ok xaexkhmøe fa hcexv|mhhmøe xqla k emwaoax taomn|cxcx } tqafa fanaea|tk|kecmk }#c ae |alaomøe ancmhk (ec kqvíevmhkbaeva }cmhk/ tc|{qa axk echmøe tq|kbaeva ,vaâxvk, fa Fmcx mbtmfa ao faxk||hceh|ahmøe fao ]c/ k gkwc| fa xq gkevkxbk9 ao Anc% Tc| axc ax fa |kfmhko mbtc|vkehmk ao t|mehmtmc fa Fmcx v|memvk|mc/ ta|xceko/ om

mewcoqh|kfc ta|xcekobaeva ae ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek n|khmkx k ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc-% Axa bavk"hcechmbmaevc fmwmec ec`mta|"megc|bkhmøe fa qe tcfa| hcexv|mhvc| c me`mlmfc| xmec bëx lmae qek gkhavk fa ok agqxmøe fao Axtâ|mvq fmwmec } xq Kbc| klxcxq h|akhmøe/ {qa h|ak/ hcecha/ kbk } kembk ,faxfa ao t|mehmtmc, } ae axtahmko faxtqíx fa ok aehk|ekhmøe fa xq Wa|lhcechmbmaevc ta|gahvc {qa ec |axv|mena eqaxv|k omla|vkf xmec {qa ok tcvaehmk k xq bëpmbk apt|axmøe ae hqkevc tcxmlmomfkf: tc|{hokwa fa axa bavk"hcechmbmaevc ec ax ok kfahqkhmøe fao khvc hcnecxhmvmwc k oc hcechmfc (|co tkxmwc } xahqefk|mc- em ok mbtcxmhmoc ,faxakfc hcecha|, k ok |akomfkf (|co mbtcxmvmwc fava|bmemxvk- xmec ok hcehc|fkehmk aev|a ok omla|vkf/ ok tcvaehmk } ao kbc| fmweqaxv|k |akomfkf tcvaehmko/ c xm xa t|agma|a/ ok hcehc|fkehmk aev|a Fmcx } xq Mbknc Fam t|mbmnaemk "ao @mic" hce ao `cbl|a `ah`mbknae } xabaikeyk: tc|{qa oc {qa Fmcx hcecha ax ok ,tcvaehmk fa okx tcvaehmkomfkfax fao Xa| } ocx aevax,/ ok t|cbaxk hqbtomfeqaxv|k wm|vqkomfkf (Ao hcechmbmaevc fmwmec ax ,tcvaeva, } h|akvmwc/ tc|{qa xm lmae Fmcx ec xa hce"gqefa hce xq h|akhmøe (ekvq|ktkevaâxvk- ec ax qe aeva"cliavc apva|ec"kiaec k aook-% Ecxcv|cx/ hcbc Mbknc Fam tk|vmhqok| } keëocnc"|agoaik (ae hqkevc xcb|agoaic fa ok Mbknc fmwmek t|ctmkbaeva vko/ {qa ax Fmcx"`mic c ao Wa|lc aehk|ekfc- vkblmíe t|khvmhkbcx qe a{qmwkoaeva |afqmbta|gahvc fao khvc fmwmec: t|cwmxvcx fa qek mevaomnaehmk a mevqmhmøe {qa ta|bmva t|a"wa| waokfk/ mbta|gahvk a kt|cpmbkfkba,hq|xc fa ocx khcevahmbmaevcx, ae hqkevc wkoc| ' xaevmfc (ec xq faxh|mthmøe gaecbíemhk c ,gcvcn|ëgmhk,- } k wahax mevxmnemgmhkehmk fa hma|vkx `mxvc|mkx apmxvaehmkoax% Xkla| {qa ao t|øpmbc mewma|ec oocwa|ë ec oa |axvk omla|vkf ko hombk+%%% Ta|c cliavk|xa9 oc xklabcx t|ahmxkbaeva tc|{qa ao hombk ec ax oml|a/ xøoc qe tchc faxc|faekfc: ae hkblmc faxhcechabcx {qí `k|ëhqko ta|xcek tc|{qa ax bq} mbt|awmxmloa } xcl|a vcfc ,mbt|afahmloa,+%%% Axvc v|ka ko vktava ok mbta|gahhmøe c kxmbav|âk fa okxekvq|koax (baic| fmh`c9 fao hcbtc|vkbmaevc mbta|gahvc fa ocx hqa|tcx bkva|mkoax keva xqx oa}ax øevmhkx/ hcbc ao bcwmbaomtxcmfa fao tokeavk {qa mevaevk fmxaûk| ok mbknae fa qek aomtxa c hqbtom| ok oa}"aomtxa-/ ao t|mehmtmc gâxmhc fa meha|vmfqbl|a|kencx fa ,hkcx"kyk|, {qa xqlxmxvae ae ok ekvq|koayk gâxmhk: ta|c aooc ax kiaec ko eùhoac fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko/ {qa k`c|k hcbaae cv|k ta|xtahvmwk9Taexabcx ae ao Oml|c fa ok Wmfk } ocx oml|cx  fao iqmhmc axhkvcoønmhc ae toq|ko fcefa axvëe |axaûkfkx okx khhmceax `qbkekx kevahafaeva tk|k ao Iqmhmc Gmeko (mehoqxc ae xq apt|axmøe ,va||aeko,9 vcfc oml|c/ faxfa qe fmk|mc fa wmfk/ qek lmcn|kgâk c qek ec|aokvke `mxvc|mkx fa ok n|ke `mxvc|mk `qbkek-% Tqax lmae9 ec xce h|øemhkx ta|mcfâxvmhkx c megc|bax tcomhmkoax } baecx kùe ek||khkeahføvmhkx c k|h`mwcx gmobcn|ëgmhcx ae gc|bkvc qov|k"FWF+%%%: xmaefc |kycekloa taexk| {qa axcx oml|cx hcevmaeae ok @mxvc|Xmnemgmhkfc c ao Xmnemgmhkfc fa ok @mxvc|mk fa eqaxv|kx wmfkx% Qe bavk"|anmxv|c øevmhc/ ok @mta|"Babc|mk axv|qhvq|kfk keëocnkba

ocx xmxvabkx beíxmhcx ta|c ae ,klxcoqvk klxcoqvay,% Aevcehax9 ³hqko ax ao a{qmwkoaeva fa axvcx vapvcx axaehmkoax } k"vabtc|koaxxmvqkhmøe apmxvaehmko } vabtc|ko3%%%Tcf|âk taexk|xa {qa xce apv|kûcx (xqliavmwk } cliavmwkbaeva apva|mc|ax-/ {qa ec ocx hcechabcx } ec falabcx `kha|oc: } {qachkxmcekobaeva ax bcxv|kfk konqek tënmek "xq mbknae" ae gc|bk fa ,wmxmøe, c ,t|a"wmxmøe, k qe bc|vko axhcnmfc/ tk|k hc|qblcx (³omla|vkf kxmxvmfk3%%%-% Ae tk|va ax kxâ ta|c `k} konc bëx9 ae axva bmxbc hktâvqoc `a `mtcvavmykfc qe Bcfaoc Wm|vqctvmbmykhmøe apmxvaehmko/ {qa hkfk mefmwmfqc vmaea ,keâbmhc"axtm|mvqkobaeva, hcbc tk|va fa xq axv|qhvq|k txâ{qmhk (, oc baic

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hktkhmfkf fa ,kova|k|, ao vapvc }#c xq mbt|cevk wm|vqko ae ok ,tënmek fao oml|c,/ tc|{qa aooc xa|âk a{qmwkoaeva k qek omla|vkf"xøoca{qmwchk|ecx: em ok tcvaxvkf tq|k fa axh|mlm| ,faxfa ha|c, axk `cik ae lokehc/ xmeøembc fa h|akvmwmfkf klxcoqvk c ap"em`moc/ aphfa Fmcx ec ae hqkevc k|lmv|mc "xcxtah`cxkbaeva xmbmok| k hkt|mh`c" xmec tcvaehmk fa omla|vkf"kbc|: xmaefc |kycekloa xqtcea|aokhmøe aev|a kblkx cthmceax% Hqovq|kobaeva `k t|afcbmekfc ok echmøe bc|ko"bc|komxvk/ ta|c xq t|cloabk ax ok hceecveankvmwmxvk: tc|{qa t|axqtcea ok apmxvaehmk"axaehmk fa qe Vapvc ta|gahvc {qa xcokbaeva ax tcxmloa kova|k|/ k||qmek|/ ea,t|ceqehmk| bko, kova|kefc xqx xmnemgmhkfcx tk|k abtac|k|oc: oc hqko faxba|aha fabkxmkfc ok echmøe bmxbk fa Omla|vkf/ xme okao hcehatvc fa \axtcexklmomfkf Bc|ko ec xqlxmxva (³oml|ax xøoc tk|k a{qmwchk|ecx3%%%-%Vkbtchc taexabcx {qa axvk Axh|mvq|k xak mehcbtoavk c mbta|gahvk (hcbtoavkloa/ ta|gahvmloa-/ tc|{qa ax ok @mxvc|mk fa konc {,ax, c {qa øevmhkbaeva ,ax, tc| xa| ,konc, ({qa vmaea qe t|mehmtmc axtm|mvqko (meva|mc|- hcexmxvaeva } qek apt|axmøe bkapmxvaeva-% Xq|nae fcx t|anqevkx9

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{qa haev|ke vkevc ok kvaehmøe ae ok gc|bkomfkf meva|ek fao oaenqkia {qa cowmfke {qa íxva ax apt|axmøe fa ok Tkokl|k t|mbmnaemkt|mba|cx agahvcx |axcekevax ,axh|mvq|âxvmhcx,/ cowmfkefc gmekobaeva ao hcevaemfc fa ok axh|mvq|k "ao |aokvc fao XmnemgKeëocnc#\agoaic" } ao Xmnemgmhkfc bmxbc: c okx `a|baeíqvmhkx fa mbt|cevk bkva|mkomxvk (gaecbaecocnmxvk/ tcxv"bk|pmxvk avhktc|vke xq t|ctmk } c|mnmeko hcev|mlqhmøe ko apv|kwâc hcnecxhmvmwc% Vcfkx okx khathmceax tcxmloax fa ok khvmvqf } khhmøe `qbkekok Axh|mvq|k hceiqnke wk|mkevax bëx c baecx wëomfkx fao wa|lc"Omla|vkf: } okx t|anqevkx kevax aeqehmkfkx mehc|tc|ke qe gkhvc| k ok fmxhqxmøe9 eqaxv|k tcvaehmkomfkf hcbc knaevax hccta|kfc|ax c hcevmeqkfc|ax (hc/ t|c } |a"h|akvmwcx- fa ok H|akhmøe fmwmehqkomvkvmwkbaeva hqobmek ae ao ,gaeøbaec `qbkec, } {qa ax oc {qa apmxva tk|k xa| } oc {qa aevaefkbcx/ xatkbcx/ taexaxmevkbcx a mbknmeabcx fa aooc: tc|{qa ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva ax hcevmeqk } hcexvkevabaeva |agoapmwc } hcexhmaeva: } xq |a"gxcl|a ok \akomfkf naea|k hcexv|qhvcx bcfíomhcx {qa ko bk|nae fa xq awaevqko wa|khmfkf"wa|cxmbmomvqf/ ktc|vke qe ,konc, eqaw|akomfkf apmxvaeva% Axvk |axtcexklmomfkf } omla|vkf h|akvmwk wkoa k axhkok mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwk: } koqfa ko Toa|cbk ke`aokfcvkblmíe ,hcexv|qmfc,% Ok h|akhmøe fmwmek "fa ok v|memfkf fmwmek"/ hcbc khvc ,n|kvqmvc, } ,oml|a, fa Kbc| hqobmek ae ao @cbl|mevaomnaeva } oml|a/ `ah`c k ,mbknae } xabaikeyk, fa Fmcx h|akfc| ta|xceko/ qec } v|mec% Tc| oc vkevc } hcbc tk|va fa axvafmwmec/ vaeabcx konc {qa tcf|âk aevaefa|xa hcbc wa|xmøe ombmvkfk/ tk|vmhqok|/ fagahvqcxk } vko way ,keëocnc"|agoaik, fa ok Omlfmwmek% Eøvaxa {qa okx faxh|mthmceax fa okx hqkomfkfax fmwmekx aegkvmyke ok cbemtcvaehmk/ cbemt|axaehmk/ qemhmfkf/ klxcaxv|qhvq|k v|memvk|mk/ kbc| %%% ‧ ta|c fa ok ,omla|vkf fmwmek, xa xqaoa `klok| baecx } ae gc|bk hcefmhmceko "Fmcx ax oml|a ta|c %%% %%ec tqafa hcev|kfahm|xa/ ec tqafa `kha| ao bko/ ec tqafa hcbava| a||c|ax %%%" : } va|bmekbcx mfaevmgmhkefc ok omla|vkf ,eanfmwmek hce ok omla|vkf agahvmwk fa ocx `qbkecx (ùemhkbaeva ok tcxmlmomfkf fa a||k| c ,tahk|,-% Ax awmfaeva {qa xa `k hcexcomfkftaomn|cxc kqe{qa hcbt|aexmloa a{qâwchc ívmhc/ {qa ae tk|va xql}kha ae okx k|nqbaevkhmceax fao omla|ko"okmhmxbc tk|k iqxvmgm|aokvmwmxbc/ ao `afcemxbc } ae fagmemvmwk ao k"bc|komxbc: hcbc |akhhmøe hcev|k ao mbta|kvmwc bc|ko"fmwmec bko aevaefmfc hcbbank"hcexv|mhhmøe c qek bank"t|c`mlmhmøe (xøoc xa|âkbcx oml|ax fa |ah`kyk| okx vaevkhmceax fa ok omla|vkf/ tc|{qa `k} qek|axtqaxvk9 <*< 2 6‧/ vcfkx okx cv|kx ,cthmceax, xa|âke a||øeakx } hcef aekloax-: fmxvc|xmøe hkqxkfk tc| "ax bm `qbmofa ctmemøexcl|awkoc|khmøe fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko } xq bc|ko ,eankvmwk, (t|c`mlmvmwk- } qek hkxm vcvko cbmxmøe fa ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk: tc| aev{qa ok \akomfkf#Bqefc ax qe ,konc, }k vcvkobaeva hcexvmvqmfc ae ao hqko xcokbaeva hklae iqancx fa kfktvkhmøe } bcfmgmhkhmøfa h|akhmøe%Mbknmeabcx axvk xmvqkhmøe9

Konqmae ecx aev|ank qe n|ke oml|c {qa xqtqaxvkbaeva hcevmaea qe |aokvc tc|baec|mykfc fa eqaxv|c tkxkfc/ t|axaeva } gqfaxh|mtvmwc } kekoâvmhc k ok way/ mehoq}aefc ocx } ,ao, iqmhmc bc|ko% Hcbaeykbcx k oaa|oc } hcexvkvkbcx {qa faxh|mla ao tkwa|kybaeva/ ecx nqxvae c ec xqx iqmhmcx c hkomgmhkhmceax% Oqanc `khabcx qe axgqa|yc tk|k waeha| ao vabc| } abtaykbcx k oa,gqvq|c, (tk|k ec hcbtomhk| fabkxmkfc ao aiabtoc xqtcef|í {qa ok ùovmbk tënmek axvë ae lokehc-% Eqaxv|c gqvq|c %%% %%% faxh|mvoqic fa favkooax+++% Xa|âk gëhmo oaa| } aeva|k|ecx {qa faev|c fa 8 kûcx ecx hkxk|abcx c vaef|abcx qe `mic c xqg|m|abcx vko caega|bafkf/ xqtcemaefc {qa ao xkla|oc xm|wk tk|k konc (hc||ahvmwcx fa ctvmbmykhmøe- } xa tqafk awmvk| ok tk|ëomxmx apmxvaehmko } tc| mbtcvaehmk keva ao fava|bmemxbc fao ,faxvmec,: ta|c kqe xmaefc tcxmloa "{qa ec oc ax" xa|âk xøoc h|øemhk hcbùe } hc|mbtcxmloa/ meùvmo/ hcev|kt|cfqhaeva a me"xmnemgmhkeva+% Qe t|cvc"oml|c xøoc tqafa hcevaea| ao `mta|"vapvc fa ok `mxvc|mk/ {qa,axh|mvq|k fao xmnemgmhkfc,/ ec ok ek||kvmwk faxh|mtvmwk fa xq apt|axmøe bkva|mko {qa ec ax me`a|aeva ko Xmnemgmhkfc c hcevaemfc øxmec k xq apt|axmøe/ bkemgaxvkhmøe } t|c}ahhmøe bkva|mko (cv|c c|fae fa |akomfkf-%Kfabëx/ qe vapvc omva|ko"faxh|mtvmwc xcl|a eqaxv|c gqvq|c xa|âk hcev|kfmhvc|mc } hcoktxk|âk xcl|a xâ fa mebafmkvc: tc|{qa ao gqvqhq|xc xa|âk c abtayk|âk xmaefc ao khvc ' khhmøe fa oaa| ok ek||khmøe c mbknae vapvqkomykfk fa axa gqvq|c: } ao oml|c xa|âk ao |aok

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khvc fa oaa|oc/ ok oahvq|k fa xâ bmxbc %%%: qek xqhaxmøe vkqvcoønmhk {qa faxablchk ae ok hcev|kfmhhmøe tq|k/ ae qek kevm tk|kftk|kfcik gkoomfk%K vcfc axvc9 ³{qí ax qe ,oml|c, 39Ax ok apt|axmøe n|ëgmhk fa ok Tkokl|k/ ok vapvqkomfkf fa ok#qek fmhhmøe fao Wa|lc aptok}kfc/ c ok axh|mvq|k "bkva|mkomykhmøt|axaevkvmwk c xmnemgmhkhmceko" fa ok t|mba|k fmhhmøe c |a"xcekehmk fa ok Tkokl|k/ `klokefc fao T|c"Oml|c xa aevmaefa: ta|c vcfcax axh|mvq|k c bkva|mkomykhmøe vmtc"n|ëgmhk (xmbløomhk } xmnemgmhkvmwk- fa ok c qek |axcekehmk/ } fa ok c qek mbknae kxqbmfk/ aevaexaevmfk a mbknmekfk fa ok ,tkokl|k câfk, q clafahmfk% Ao oml|c ax vkblmíe ok ,mbknc, "|agoaic" axh|mvk c hcexv|qmfk fao Xâblcoc Wc ok xmblcocnâk fa ok fmhhmøe wa|lko % Hqkefc Fmcx fmha okx ,hcxkx, "fa eqaxv|c bqefc" íxvkx xa apmxvaehmkomyke/ hqkefc okx eckf{qma|ae axaehmk ' mfaevmfkf% Xøoc ,faxtqíx, konc c konqmae |akomyk ao v|klkic fa ,axh|mlm| oc fmh`c, "ao |ahqa|fc fao ahc fmhhmøe axhqh`kfk q clafahmfk (cl"kqfm|a-" } oc fmh`c ax oc xqhafmfc } oc {qa xqhafa tc|{qa ax oc {qa fala"tqafa xa|%

Tk|k ,axh|mlm| oc fmh`c, `k} {qa câ| } axhqh`k| ae vmabtc t|axaeva ok Tkokl|k (ax tcxmloa k emwao bavkgâxmhc/ fcefa ocx awaevcc|mnae, xce k"vabtc|koax c bavk"vabtc|koax (t|cvc"`mxvø|mhcx k agahvcx apmxvaehmkoax-- c/ xm ao axh|mvc| axvë xmvqkfc ae ok `mx|ahc|fk| oc fmh`c "ae ao hkxc `qbkec/ ,|ahc|fk| ao ahc fa ok tkokl|k vapvqko t|ceqehmkfk,"% Oqanc meva|wmaea ok babc|mk/ } xí {babc|mk xøoc hcevmaea Xmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx } hkomgmhkfcx (E%T%9 hqkxm"tk|kfcikx-% Fa aooc fafqyhc fm|ahvkbaeva {hqko{qma| vmtc fa Axh|mvq|k meva|wmaeae ocx |anmxv|cx øevmhcx xmnemgmhkhmcekoax (beíxmhcx- iqevc ko agahvc kùe agmhky fa axa ahcfmhhmøe wa|lko t|mbmnaemk (ocx apv|kwâcx fa ok omenÿâxvmhk |khmcekomxvk#bkva|mkomxvk xce hkqxkfcx tc| fax"hcexmfa|k| ok mbtc|vkeht|cvc"oaenqkia-%Ok  t|c}ahhmøe fa axk axh|mvq|k ax qek n|kgâk gâxmhk (vmtc"n|kgâk } hkom"n|kgâk-/ ,wmxmloa,: } ok ,wmxmøe, hcefmhmcek ao Hcechmbmaebaecx ae axva hcxbcx } qemwa|xc (Bqefc-/ ok khhmøe"fmhhmøe fao Wa|lc tq|c } klxcoqvc hcbc Tkokl|k "c|mnae fao Oaenqkia" hkqt|chaxc hcbtoaic fa h|akvmwmfkf } xqlxahqaeva hcechmbmaevc tc| mevqmhmøe } oahvq|k |agoaik/ bkva|mkomyëefcxa gmekobaeaxh|mvq|k gâxmhk/ ae âhcecx"mbënaeax xmbløomhkx {qa |a"xqxhmvke ao Xmnemgmhkfc c|mnmeko fa ok tkokl|k hcewa|vmfk ae axkx mbënan|kgmxbcx% Ao v|klkic fa axh|mvq|k vmtc"n|ëgmhk c hkomn|kgâk/ t|ctc|hmcek Mbknae gmnq|kvmwk ko Ecbl|a } k ok ek||kvmwk fa xq @mx

xmaefc ok mbknae fao xâblcoc {qa |a"t|axaevk ok gc|bk fao ecbl|a (ok tkokl|k ,ë|lco,-/ fmxvmevk k ok Mbknae faxh|mtvmwXmnemgmhkfc fa k{qao ecbl|a (ok gcvcn|kgâk c mbknae gmnq|kvmwk"|agoaik fao ë|lco-%Ax oc {qa hcechabcx"wmwmbcx ko oaa| axa oml|c: konc lkxvkeva bëx hcbtoaic {qa qek xmbtoa ek||khmøe faxh|mtvmwk% Axvk hcbtoaclomnk k taexk| ae ok tahqomk| hk|khva|âxvmhk fa ok ,wmwaehmk oahvq|ko, hq}c kohkeha ax gëhmobaeva mbknmekloa ko taexk| ae qek ecwmxqkobaeva |ahcechabcx ao wkoc|#xaevmfc wa|lko  fa ok hkomn|kgâk } bmaev|kx oc `khabcx |a"wmwmbcx ok `mxvc|mk |axta,mbknmekefc, c hcewm|vmaefc ae mbënaeax k{qaook g|âk xqhaxmøe fa xmnecx vmtcn|ëgmhcx% ] lmae xklabcx {qa ao bmxbc oml|c h|akfc tc| hkfk oahvc| ae bcfc fmxvmevc tc|{qa fmxvmevc ax ao txm{qmxbc {qa bkva|mkomyk ok xmblcocnâk axh|mvq|ko xanùeahaxmfkfax } bcfkomfkfax fa xq t|ctmc txm{qmxbc/ axvkloahmíefcxa qe g|qhvâga|c fmëocnc aev|a ok cliavmwmfkf fa ok xmnemgmht|ctmk fa ok axh|mvq|k vapvqko } ok xqliavmwmfkf fa ok oahvq|k/ {qa |a"mbknmek ao hcevaemfc xmnemgmhkvmwc fa axk `mxvc|mk ek||kfk%³Ax axvc qec fa ocx kxtahvcx } kohkehax fa ok Omla|vkf 3%%%: ³c fa ok omla|vkf h|akvmwk3%%%\ahqa|fc {qa ae bm megkehmk ba |ankok|ce qe oml|c {qa ek||klk qek gkxhmekeva `mxvc|mk9 qek kwaevq|k fa khhmøe } |cbkeha/ kbcnqa||kx aev|a qek hcbqemfkf fa mefânaekx kba|mhkecx } qecx axtkûcoax (aev|a qe hkhm{qa } qek axtkûcok tk|k xa| bëx apkh

ta|c hqkefc ao f|kbk tk|ahâk hcehoqm| bk|kwmoocxkbaeva lmae } vcfcx ocx hcegomhvcx xa xcoqhmceklke ae ok axhaek gmeko/ qe kgoah`kyc bkvk ko t|cvkncemxvk% Aevcehax ec aevaefâ {qa ao Xkh|mgmhmc a|k eahaxk|mc tk|k fk|oa xaevmfc tcxmvmwc } |afaevc| k ok `mx|axcowmaefc øevmhk } bc|kobaeva xqx hcegomhvcx "{qa mewcoqh|klke ao ,bko, } fa tkxc qe kbc| mbtcxmloa" (ao hoëxmhc vabk fao hcexme xcoqhmøe "tc|{qa wmehqok fcx ví|bmecx m||ahcehmomkloax tc| xq ekvq|koayk" {qa xcokbaeva xa |axqaowa hce ok bqa|va"xqlombfao tcoc hcegomhvmwc-% Fahathmcekfc/ kyc|kfc/ faxhceha|vkfc } bq} ktaekfc/ k||ke{qí okx ùovmbkx tënmekx } ae qek `cik gmekkgc|vqekfkbaeva axvklk ae lokehc/ axh|mlâ fa ,tqûc } oav|k, qe `ktt} aef kt|ctmkfc k bmx aptahvkvmwkx %%% Oc `mha tc|{qa a|kfa `kha|oc/ } gqa|ce 8 okx omla|vkfax {qa ba vcbí9 |ah`kyk| ao gmeko/ aombmek| okx tënmekx {qa oc hcevaeâke } |aaxh|mlm|oc% ³Vaeaxa bmxbc vmtc fa omla|vkf ae ok wmfk |ako/ |axtahvc k ok Axh|mvq|k gmeko#gmekomxvk fa eqaxv|k wmfk3%%% Ao oml|c øevmhc hk|aha fa ,tëae lokehc, } xq bkemgaxvkhmøe"t|c}ahhmøe ae ok apmxvaehmk/ ax ao ,xmxvabk, fa  tokecx øevmhcx tk|k ao |anmxv|c beíxmhc/ {qa xceae lokehc ta|c  gc|bkvakfkx c t|a"mbt|axkx hce ocx tkv|ceax gc|bkoax wm|vqkoax fa ocx hcevaemfcx fagmemfcx ae ao btk|kfmnbëvmhc fa ok apmxvaehmk"axaehmk (ocx ,bcofax wm|vqkoax,-% Kxâ/ ok wmfk ta|xceko ax vkblmíe qe khvc#khhmøe fa hkxmeh|cemykhmøe fa ok xcbl|k fa ok axh|mvq|k {qa faxmnek } faecvk (ta|c ae cv|c tokec- xq Xmnemgmhkfc/ ae }#c xcl|a ao bcofa"tgc|bko wm|vqko {qa ok axta|k% Ta|c axvc/ mehoqxc xm gqaxa wa|fkf hcevmeùk xmaefc ao kxtahvc ,eankvmwc, {qa mfaevmgmhk Omla|vkf xø

ok tcxmlmomfkf fa ,a||k|,% Fala apmxvm| ao cv|c tcoc/ xmvqkfc ha|hk fa ok Tcvaehmk H|akvmwk/ fcefa xa ecx mewmvk k fmkocnk| h|akvmwkbhce ok Axh|mvq|k/ {qa ,ax, ae xâ bmxbk ta|c ,apmxva, tk|k ecxcv|cx/ tcxmlmomvkefc qek ,tk|kfcik fa omla|vkf, {qa falabcx kxqwmwm| mevaexkbaeva/ xme bmafc } hce ao ktc}c tcvaehmko fao Kbc|% ³Hqëo ax aevcehax ok hcexmxvaehmk tcxmvmwk fa ok Omla|vkf Bc\avcbk|í ao vabk ctc|vqekbaeva%Ta|c ec xanqm|í abtoakefc "tc| k`c|k" ao xâblcoc fao , oml|c,/ tc| fcx |kyceax9;%" Okx fmxhmtomekx ek||kvmwkx } omenÿâxvmhkx qxke } klqxke fa vkoax mbënaeax bavkgø|mhkx/ fmxvc|xmcekefc c baecxhklkexmnemgmhkfc%<%" Ao xâblcoc høxbmhc fao ,iqmhmc gmeko, ({qa ax ,vcvko, } hcoahvmwc"naeí|mhc- ec eahaxk|mkbaeva hc||axtcefk k ok hcefmhmøe txâtk|vmhqok|% Okx a{qmwkoaehmkx |a{qma|ae bkevaea| okx kekocnâkx axv|qhvq|koax9 v|kvëefcxa fa qe t|chaxc txmhc"keâbmhc me(Babc|mk c Xmxvabk Beíxmhc-/ ec hcewmaea kfctvk| omva|kobaeva ao xâblcoc fa qe awaevc apva|ec (ao Iqmhmc Gmeko-%Kxâ/ okx  tkqvkx#bcofax gc|bkoax wm|vqkoax fa okx `cikx c  tokecx fa |anmxv|c øevmhc xa|âke konc bëx hcbtoaic/ {qa ta|bmva |ahfa|mwkfc c ap"v|khvc øevmhc fao atmxcfmc apmxvaehmko/ `klmaefc qe bcofa wm|vqko t|a"fmxtqaxvc tk|k hkfk atmxcfmc }#c hxmnemgmhkvmwc/ oc hqko ec |axv|mena eqaxv|k omla|vkf bc|ko em h|akvmwk tc|{qa xmaefc oc øevmhc ,klxcoqvc,/ xak oc {qa xak {qa `knk

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fahmfkbcx apmxvaehmko#`mxvø|mhkbaeva/ xmabt|a axvk|ë t|a"wmxvc tc| ok mevan|ko fa bcofax wm|vqkoax øevmhcx/ hcbc xm ao ,xmxvtqfma|k kfktvk|xa c |a"hcegc|bk|xa |av|ckhvmwk a me"bafmkvkbaeva k okx wmhmxmvqfax fa ok fmeëbmhk apmxvaehmko/ fa oc hqko efk|âkbcx hqaevk (ao khvc oml|a "mehoq}aefc xq fcxmx fa mewaevmwk/ ecwafkf }#c hc"h|akvmwmfkf/ ax |ako } |akomykeva/ } xak hqbcvmwk qek |akhhmøe ,vcvko, fa ok \akomfkf ' Bqefc {qa oc kfctvk fa mebafmkvc ,tk|ahmaefc, {qa oc `klâk t|awmxvc a mehoqxckhcefmhmcekfc/ ec xmaefc kxâ% Ax qe t|mehmtmc gëhmo fa mevqm| ta|c bq} fmgâhmo fa apt|axk | } aptomhk| hce tkokl|kx/ ko baecx tk|k

Ao atmxcfmc ec ax |anmxv|kfc mtxc gkhvc hcbc qe ,vcfc, xmenqok|: xmaefc mfaevmgmhkfcx xqx hcbtceaevax xmbløomhcx gmnq|(cliavcx-/ klxv|khvcx (xaevmbmaevcx/ taexkbmaevcx/ mevqmhmceax- } xqx |aokhmceax xmbløomhkx/ xanùe ao aia ,abchmceko, t|afcbmae axk wmwaehmk% Axvc xqnma|a taexk| ae ok bavëgc|k fa qek ,`cik fa |anmxv|c, ec  tokek xmec v|mfmbaexmceko ³c 6F3%%%/ ³mehc|tcwm|vqkobaeva ao gkhvc| vmabtc tk|k tcxmlmomvk| okx meva|khhmceax aev|a Xmnemgmhkfcx } kiqxvax bc|koax3%%%Ecvk tcxva|mc|9 oc keva|mc| ax fqfcxc9 okx mbënaeax gmnq|kvmwkx {qa apt|axke hcehatvcx c mbënaeax hcehatvqkoax/ tk|ahae v|kf

baic|"ekvq|kobaeva ae mbënaeax lm"fmbaexmcekoax/ {qmyëx tc| ok fqkomfkf (fmkoíhvmhk/ lmtcok|mfkf/ xmxvabk lmek|mc avh%- t|ct|kycekbmaevc oønmhc {qa cta|k faxfa/ tc|/ ae } ,hcbc, fqkomfkf% Ao atmxcfmc ec xa|âk |anmxv|kfc hcbc ,qe, konc axtahâgmhc klxcoqvc: } aooc hcehc|fk|âk hce ok |akomfkf tc|{qa ok bk}c|âk fbcbaevcx apmxvaehmkoax xce bëx c baecx wkncx/ fmgqxcx } hcegqxcx/ xmaefc tcxmloa khhafa| k aoocx "|ahqa|fc#awchkhmøe baffaxfa bùovmtoax wâkx c xm xa t|agma|a/ ,khhaxkefc, aoabaevcx xmbløomhcx axtahâgmhcx hcbc nqâk c hokwa9 vko c hqko cliavc axhíebùxmhk {qa xceklk ae k{qaook haek/ ok apt|axmøe fao |cxv|c fa aook/ xqx tkokl|kx/ ao laxc/ ao ta|gqba/ vkoax } hqkoax xaexkhmcxaevmbmaevcx avh% %Axvc |kvmgmhk|âk oc kxawa|kfc9 ok Xmxvabk Beíxmhc ec |afqha"xmevavmyk"xqlombk fa mebafmkvc c fa tc| xâ ao awaevc hcbtoaic gc|bk hc`a|aeva } qeâwchk9 xøoc |anmxv|k ok axtahmgmhmfkf fa hcbtceaevax/ t|chaxcx } koqxmceax xmbløomhkx c xmblcomxvkx c xmbløomhkx %%% Ta|c axva |anmxv|c ,tk|vmhqok|, fala kxchmk|/ c|nkemyk| xqx tk|vmhqok|mfkfax ae gc|bk keëocnk ko xmnemgmhkfc wme`a|aeva ko atmxcfmc% Axk hc`axmøe {qa |aokhmcek ocx hcbtceaevax |anmxv|kfcx ax ok ,wmwaehmk, ta|xceko fao atmxcfmc/ bëx kooëta|hathmøe ae xâ  fa okx aevmfkfax xmbløomhkx% Ax ok kt|a`aexmøe wmwk fao atmxcfmc } aooc |abmva k okx gqehmceax fao txm{qmxb

ta|hathmøe xaexc|mko |a"hcecha okx gmnq|kx gâxmhkx } aooc t|cwaa ao bkva|mko tk|k ao |anmxv|c fa okx mbënaeax gmnq|kvmwkx bëx c bxmbløomhkx% Ta|c ao ,taexkbmaevc/ mevqmhmøe } {qmyëx ok Xâevaxmx Abchmceko, khvmwcx ae ok wmwaehmk fao xqhaxc/ mewcoqh|ke ao txm{khvmwc"xqta|mc|  } axva khvc#khhmøe ,}k ax fa ekvq|koayk bavkgâxmhk,/ c vmaea qek hcbtceaeva vko/ tqfmaefc xa| |anmxøevmhkbaeva xme t|cloabk konqec% Tc| ùovmbc cl"vaeabcx ok ,abchmøe, "k ec hcegqefm| hce ,kgahvcx#xaevmbmaevcx"mbttkxmceax," {qa xa|âk qek gqehmøe c khvc txâ{qmhc fa xâevaxmx/ mevan|khmøe/ kt|a`aexmøe toaek fa k{qaooc {qa ecx t|cwaa c kgahokx ta|hathmceax/ taexkbmaevcx a mevqmhmceax% Tqax lmae9 xm ok ,abchmøe, ax qek mevan|khmøe wmwaehmko fa ok apta|maehmk/ kxbqh`c k qe |anmxv|c øevmhc: aphatvc {qa ax ,khvqko,/ xqhafa ko mexvkeva/ ax bcbaevëeak/ agâba|k } tk|k aevaefa|ok eahaxmvfagmem| ao axhq||mfmyc vabk fa ok ,qemfkf bâembk fa vmabtc apmxvaehmko,% Xm ok ,abchmøe, ax xm{qma|k konc xmbmok| k axvc/ aevt|cwaa|âk ao hcbtceaeva t|mehmtko fao ,hcevaemfc øevmhc, {qa xa|ë |anmxv|kfc iqevc k ocx xâblcocx gmnq|kvmwcx } klxv|khvcx%Ecvk tcxva|mc| (;<#<44>-9 oc kevax fmh`c ax cv|c vapvc c|mnmeko hce qek fa okx t|mba|kx tceaehmkx xcl|a ok `mtøvaxmx fa ok Abhcbc xâevaxmx fa ok Wmwaehmk txâ{qmhk/ gkovkefc xøoc baehmcek| } faxvkhk| ao |co {qa ok Mbknmekhmøe vmaea ae ok hcexv|qhhmøe faxâevaxmx/ {qa hcbc vcfc hcexv|qhvc txâ{qmhc hcexvmvq}ae qek aevmfkf tk|kføimhk/ xak |agoaik (hqkxm"tk|kfcik vmtc |ahqa|mewaevmwk (txaqfc"tk|kfcik vmtc gkevkxâk-/ ae hq}k haev|komfkf `kl|ë ok Mbknc |axtahvmwk/ fm|ahvk c mefm|ahvkbaeva ,h|qykfk, hcliavc |ako |aga|aeva/ xanùe ok `mtøvaxmx fa ok bkva|mkomykhmøe fa ocx hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx c ,meva|ecx, (hkt% 1-%"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""8%8%=%8  Ok Cliavmwmfkf fao T|chaxc Xmnemgmhkhmceko %Ko wmehqok| ao Xmxvabk Beíxmhc hce ok Hcehmaehmk (,fa xâ, } ,fa bqefc, c meva|mc| ' apva|mc|/ {qa ,hcexmxvaehmkomyk, ktc|vkebkva|mko fa apmxvaehmkomfkf - } hcexmfa|k| xq |co ae ao gqehmcekbmaevc ,cta|kvmwc, fao K%H%T% (Khvc Hcexhmaeva T|mbk|mc-/|ahcecha| vkblmíe {qa axvcx xmxvabkx xce tk|va axaehmko fao n|ke T|chaxc Bc|ko {qa hk|khva|myk/ hqkomgmhk } c|faek ok wmfk `q`khmk xq gme c Bavk/ {qa ax vkevc qe cliavmwc k ocn|k| hqkevc ao toaec faxk||cooc fa ok t|ctmk tcvaehmkomfkf/ axv|qhvq|,gqehmcekomykfk, tc| axa gme#gmekomfkf (ao eac"bkva|mkomxbc ' eac"`afcemxbc mbta|kevax t|avaefae mbtcea| qe xmxafqhkhmceko/ |ah|akhmceko/ megc|bkvmwc } tqlomhmvk|mc {qa xcgc{qa/ eaqv|komha/ ta|wma|vk c meqvmomha t|ahmxkbaeva axva T|chaxc/ axaehmko fa ok omla|vkf } fa ok tcxmlmomfkf v|kxhaefaeva: } fa bcbaevc vmaeae lkxvkeva ípmvc+%%%-%

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 %S,%%% `kloabcx hok|c9 wmwmbcx ae qek xchmafkf {qa bm|k ok Wmfk ae ví|bmecx `afcemxvkx } lkxvk/ {qa lqxhk xøoc ao lmaeaxvk|/ okx waevkikx bkvokx hcbcfmfkfax %%% qek xchmafkf fcefa ao kobk ec hqaevk } ok axtm|mvqkomfkf baecx/ ae Aq|ctk/ } ae Kbí|mhk bëx kùe/ fcefa xa fmgqefmø ao hqovc ko afcemxbc

fmga|aehmk9 ae Kbí|mhk ok bk}c|âk fa ocx hmqfkfkecx xa ctcea } k axcx mewaxvmnkfc|ax xq t|axmfaeva fmha9 ,}c/ ao fmea|c tk|k hcbtoavk| axvk Bkvkeyk fa ocx Meec xa ocx fc}: } ec h|ac ae qek Hmaehmk {qa kxaxmek qek ta|xcek tk|k hq|k| k cv|k, (lmae tc| ío-%%% Faxfa ao Tkhâgmhc ko Kvoëevmhc ko Bafmva||ëeac ko bk| Ë|vmhc/ chaxvë aega|bc fa qek aega|bafkf {qa em xm{qma|k lmooceax fa híoqokx axvkbmekoax tcf|âke hq|k|9 ,ao hëeha| mevaoahvqko } bc|ko, %%%,%S C|mkek Gkookhm (,Ecxcv|cx hk`micx fa Bafak,-% 

Hcehmaehmk } Bc|ko tokevake ao vabk fa ok cliavmwmfkf } ok xqliavmwmfkf / {qa vkevcx apv|kwâcx hkqxk|k ko bk|pmxbc } ko |khmcektcxmvmwmxvk ae naea|ko/ c "ae ao cv|c apv|abc fao bkva|mkomxbc" k ok gaecbaecocnâk%Ao   t|chaxc beíxmhc"hcexhmaeva ax ,|ako"|akomykeva, } ae hcexahqaehmk cliavmwc (apva|mc|"cliavqko- } xqliavmwc (meva|mc|-/ c mevmevan|keva: hcbc xqx |axqovkfcx"agahvcx (hcevaemfcx øevmhcx |anmxv|kfcx-% ³[qí vke cliavmwk ax ok hkomgmhkhmøe fao wkoc|#xaevmfc Xmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx c kf{qm|mfcx3%Qe hcevaemfc øevmhc ,ax,/ } vcfc oc {qa ,ax, "kxâ xak hcefmhmceko"|aokvmwc k xq `mxvc|mk } hcefmhmcekfc tc| ao txm{qmxbc apmxvahcbc ae ao hkxc fa ocx Xmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx {qa xce klxcoqvcx ta|c ec klxcoqvkbaeva"klxcoqvcx" hcexmxva ae qek hqklxcoqvk bkemgmaxvk ae qek axv|qhvq|k gc|bko mea{qâwchk } ,|agqonaeva, (ec ax qek bavëgc|k+%%%9 qe cliavc øevmhc ax v|kextk|a

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ctkhc ko bmxbc vmabtc: ok Oqy klxcoqvk oc v|kxtkxk ae xq khvc fa moqbmekhmøe "apmxvaehmkobaeva/ tc|{qa kblcx xce bavk"vabtc} ko bmxbc vmabtc oc |a"hcecha/ oc ,moqbmek, } fmh`k moqbmekhmøe ec ax agâba|k/ tc|{qa axk Oqy ax |ahcechmfk k xq way tc| ao ,xa|,xa|, fa ok bmxbk ekvq|koayk: } tc| axc ao aeva {qa ,ax,/ ,|agqona, ko hcexa|wk| ok ta|aeea |kfmkhmøe fa k{qaook Oqy {qa oc |ahceoc |ahcecha ,ava|ekbaeva,% Axcx gqonc|ax xce ocx {qa hktvkbcx c t|axaevmbcx ,mevqmvmwkbaeva, -% Ae axa xaevmfc ax cliacliavqko: ta|c ae ao tokec apmxvaehmko ok apta|maehmk fabqaxv|k {qa qe bmxbc khvc"khhmøe axtahâgmhk ax tcxmvmwc tk|k qek ta|xeankvmwc tk|k cv|k: tc|{qa xqx |axtahvmwkx xmnemgmhkehmkx gqa|ce hkomgmhkfcx ae gc|bk fmga|aeva xanùe ok hcefmhmøe#hm|hqexvapmxvaehmko fa hkfk {qmae (aiabtoc `mxvø|mhc"|aomnmcxc hoëxmhc9 ao |co fa Eklqhcfcecxc| ae ok `mxvc|mk fao tqaloc aoanmfc9 gmexv|qbaevc fa hkxvmnc } tq|mgmhkhmøe "khhmøe tcxmvmwk" ta|c xq khvqk| xa|ë g mekobaeva taekomykfc tc|{qa |axtahvc k xâ/ gqa ,ean(`myc ao bko / cliavmwkbaeva--% ³\aokvmwmyk axk hcefmhmøe ta|xceko ao khvc xmnemgmhkhmceko } xqx hkomgmhkhmceax3%%% Ec oc h|ac } vkb{qa `k}k |aokvmwmfkf c meha|vmfqbl|a ae kxtahvc ,axaehmko, konqec/ tc| fagmemhmøe%

Ok meha|vmfqbl|a ax qek hcefmhmøe ,apmxvaehmko,/ txaqfc"oa} fa ok ,omla|vkf ekvq|ko,/ agahvc fao fax"c|fae }#c hc||qthmøe fao ekvq|ko } xq fmeëbmhk {qa cgqxhk ao oml|a } ha|va|c aevaefmbmaevc/ |kxnc hqkomvkvmwc fa ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk } gkhvc| hokwa fao T|Bc|ko% Ax ao ,gqvq|c mehma|vc"mefagmemfc, } ok |axtcexklmomfkf ta|xceko ae#tc| ao hq|xc fa eqaxv|k `mxvc|mk } xqx tcvaehmkomfkfaxgmeko ec fagmemfc em hcefmhmcekfc em t|afaxvmekfc tc| xcl|a ao ,wkoc| fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko, } ao ,xaevmfc fa ok Omla|vkf H|aktc|{qa ok omla|vkf bc|ko  ec ax "hcbc xqaoa h|aa|xa" axk bâvmhk wkoaehmk tq|k#klxv|khvk#klxcoqvk kgahvkfk"|afqhmfk tc| kohcefmhmcekevax } fava|bmekevax gâxmhc"txâ{qmhkx/ {qa ecx |axv|mena bahëemhkbaeva k qek xcok tcxmlmomfkf fa khma|vc } vcfkx okxcthmceax a||øeakx (ao mbta|kvmwc axvëvmhc fao ,<*< 2 6,/ wëomfc xøoc ae ao tokec xmbløomhc"øevmhc c ae ok gkoxk echmøe fa qek |ak}k klxcoqvkbaeva |akomykfk"hcexvmvqmfk-% Tc|{qa xm hcbaeykbcx k t|ahmxk| axvkx |axv|mhhmceax (naeívmhkx/ bc|gcoønmhkx/ lmcoøha|al|koax/ txmhcoønmhkx/ xchmkoax/ gc|bkvmwkx avh%- hkabcx t|cevkbaeva ae ok hcev|kfmhhmøe fa qe fava|bmemxbc klx(hcev|kfmhvc|mc tc|{qa xm kxâ gqaxa/ ec tcf|âkbcx |ahcecha|oc: hcbc ok tmaf|k {qa ec xkla oc {qa ax/ c ok oqy {qa ec ocn|k axfao eùhoac haev|ko fa qe knqia|c ean|c-%³[qí ax aevcehax ok Omla|vkf 3%%%

Ok omla|vkf vkblmíe ax ao ,iqanc, aev|a okx fava|bmekevax ktk|aevax (gmnq|kvmwkx-/ {qa hcegmnq|ke ok apmxvaehmk/ } ok  gc|bkaxaehmk {qa ax eqaxv|k wm|vqkomfkf } tcvaehmkomfkf% Axa iqanc ax ombmvkfc (okx hcefmhmceax fa ok apmxvaehmk- } klxcoqvhqkomfkfax fa ok axaehmk-: } ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko |axqovk fa ok ,|aokhmøe axtahâgmhk aev|a kblkx mexvkehmkx,: qek |aokhmøe+++/ ec afa , tcfa| `kha| oc {qa xa {qma|a,/ apt|axmøe {qa faxmnek cv|k |aokhmøe ta|"wa|vmfk9 aev|a ok wcy fa eqaxv|k kembkomfkf (ao fbëx aphaoxc fa ok hcefmhmøe hc|tc|ko"gâxmhk/ {qa |ahmla ok t|c}ahhmøe fa xq ,gqvq|c,9 ok hcefmhmøe axtm|mvqko/ hq}k tcvaehmkomf|agoaik"t|c}ahvk hcbc ,bmvc fa omla|vkf vcvko,- } ao wcoqevk|mxbc ancmhc (hk|mhkvq|k c fmxvc|xmøe fa ok kqvíevmhk wcoqevkf }cTc| axc ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko ax xmabt|a apmxvaehmkobaeva ombmvkfk } hm|hqexvkehmko } axaehmkobaeva hkvanø|mhk/ t|âxvmek } klxkqe{qa xm ocn|ëxabcx tqom| ok apmxvaehmkomfkf fa xqx kgahhmceax/ ec clvaef|âkbcx ok bâvmhk ,omla|vkf vcvko, xmec ok bmxbk omlbc|ko khcvkfk k ok axhkok ta|xceko/ ta|c tq|mgmhkfk (hkfk wkxc xa ooaek k xq bafmfk-: } baic| c vcvkobaeva mevan|kfk k xq hc|cokOmla|vkf H|akvmwk/ gkhqovkf mevan|ko {qa vaeabcx ,wa|lm n|kvmk,/ tc| xa| } apmxvm| k mbknae } xabaikeyk fa eqaxv|c H|akfc| {qh|ak bafmkeva qe khvc"khhmøe fa toaek omla|vkf mevan|ko (tc| tq|k lcefkf bc|ko c Kbc|/ tc| megmemvk tcvaehmk h|akvmwk-%Ecvk ;9 faxvk{qí ao të||kgc keva|mc| tc|{qa ba hcbtokha } v|ke{qmomyk% @khâk kûcx {qa okx hcev|kfmhhmceax ktk|aevax fa ok Oml|cefklke bm baeva } eqehk `klâk `kookfc qe t|mehmtmc fa aptomhkhmøe xmbtoa } xqgmhmaevabaeva xkvmxgkhvc|mc%Ecvk < (tcxva|mc|-9 axk xkvmxgkhhmøe ec xa|ë xqgmhmaeva ‧/ } ae ocx hktâvqocx xqlxmnqmaevax fafmhk|í qek apvaexk xqhaxmø

hcbaevk|mcx ko bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf%³\axmfa ok ,xqliavmwmfkf, ae ok wmehqokhmøe txmhc"bc|ko fa wkoc|"xaevmfc {qa bke"vmaea ao mefmwmfqc hce ao hcevaemfc øev,Xmnemgmhkfc,3%%%/ ae vko hkxc `kl|âk {qa fmga|aehmk| aev|a ok ,xqliavmwmfkf cliavmwk, "fmh`c wâehqoc vko hcbc xa apt|axk txâ{fmeëbmhk c apmxvaehmkobaeva" } k{qao hceiqevc fa mbta|gahhmceax }#c fagahvqcxmfkfax {qa kgahvke vkevc ko |aga|aeva cliavqhqko t|c"wmaea ao Xmnemgmhkfc Keëocnc#\agoaic/ hqkevc ko txm{qmxbc {qa xa |aokhmcek hce aooc/ } {qa ec xce me`a|aevax,ekvq|komfkf, xmec g|qvc meaptomhkloa a mekhatvkloa fa axk ,hkâfk, {qa ae c|mnae kova|ø ao c|fae gmekomxvk fao Bqefc } xq ,t|c}ah|akomykhmøe, (c fa xq t|a"toaemvqf }#c k|bceâk bavk/ t|a } t|ava|ekvq|ko kova|kfk } k||qmekfk tc| axa awaevc bc|ko fax"c|faet|cvkncemykfc tc| ao xa| `qbkec bc|kobaeva oml|a {qa/ ae hqkevc apt|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk xqta|mc|  } hqobmekeva fa ok h|amewcoqh|ø ,ae vcfc xaevmfc, (tkxkfc ' t|axaeva ' gqvq|c- k ok `mxvc|mk/ } {qa okx hmaehmkx fa oc ekvq|ko xøoc `ke tcfmfc faxhmbta|gahvkbaeva‧" } ec aptomhk| tc|{qa |a`ùxke khatvk| xm{qma|k hcbc `mtøvaxmx ao ,c|mnae, hkqxko } hkqxkeva fa axvk kecbkoV|kvkxa fao kqvcbkvmxbc fa |anmxv|c c ,kobkhaekbmaevc, "* hkomgmhkhmøe" fao Xmnemgmhkfc Keëocnc#\agoaic/ xme mewcoqh|k| kù

emwaoax mevaehmcekoax } hcexhmaevax fao T|chaxc Bc|ko% Ae ocx khvcx t|mba|cx } t|mbk|mcx fa |anmxv|c øevmhc/ tc| qe ok,kobkhaek,/ |anmxv|k } |a"hcecha qe hcevaemfc axaehmko/ bavkgâxmhc } tc| aefa ec xqiavc k waoamfkfax xqliavmwmxvkx: ta|c axa bhcevaemfc vaef|ë wkoc|#xaevmfc fmga|aeva ae fcx ta|xcekx fmga|aevax/ kqe{qa hcbtk|vke ao cliavc c ok cliavqkomfkf {qa t|cvknok wmwaehmk |axtahvmwk } fa ok hqko t|c"wmaeae ocx Xmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx gmekobaeva xmevavmykfcx/ |anmxv|kfcx } hkomgmhkfcx Xmxvabk Beíxmhc% Aevcehax ok wmwaehmk ax xmabt|a ta|xceko } ùemhk "vmaea ao xaooc fa ok qemhmfkf klxcoqvk fao mefmwmfqc/ {qa ax wtc|{qa axk mfaevmfkf {qa ax vkblmíe xq ,ecbl|a,/ apt|axk } bkemgmaxvk qek hcefmhmøe fa ,xa|, {qa fa bcbaevc ax tcvat|c}ahvëefcxa hcbc apmxvaehmk-% Ax fahm|9 oc bëx t|ctmc fa ok ,xqliavmwmfkf, xa|âk oc hcev|k|mc fa ok mefagmemhmøe/ hcegqxhcbtomhkhmøe kgahvmwk/ tc|{qa meva|waef|âk t|cvknøemhkbaeva ok mfaevmfkf ]cmhk ecbmeko/ {qa ax qe xaooc } qe gkhvc| hcexvm,axtm|mvqko, (c|mnmeko/ øevmhc/ hkqxko } ecbmeko-% Fa aooc memhmk qek `mxvc|mk xmenqok|/ ùemhk a m||atavmloa: k{qaooc {qa `kha {qa vcf`qbkecx xakbcx ùemhcx } xmenqok|ax: qemhmfkf } xmenqok|mfkf {qa ,tc| fagahvc, } tc| ,hcbtoaic fa hqotk, xcoabcx kxchmkfagahvqcxmfkf } k ok mbta|gahhmøe mefmwmfqko: hcbc xm oc ùemhc {qa ecx `kha ùemhcx } fmxvmevcx gqaxa ok hktkhmfkf fa a{qmwchk|eAx ok xmenqok|mfkf/ c|mnmekomfkf } qemhmfkf ecbmeko fa hkfk ,xâ bmxbc, oc {qa hk|khva|myk ok fmwa|xmfkf apmxvaehmko/ vkevc fkhma|vcx hcbc fa ocx a||c|ax: gkovkefc t|ahmxk| cevcoønmhkbaeva ae {qí ,hcexmxva, ok qemhmfkf/ } tc|{qí mehoqxc ae ok ,toaemvqf

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qe ëblmvc fa ta|gahhmøe vcvko/ hkfk {qmae xanqm|ë xmíefcoc/ xak ae ao axvkfc tq|kbaeva keâbmhc  tcxv"bc|vae c v|kx ok ,|axq||afa ocx hqa|tcx, c |a"mevan|khmøe toaek c ,noc|mcxk, fa hkfk tk|kfcik txâ{qmhk (ko |axtahvc ,xa ba chq||a, {qa hkfk `qmefmwmfqko ax qe ,ae xâ, tcvaehmkobaeva hcexmxvaeva {qa `kook xq toaemvqf ae ok mevan|ko fao níea|c `qbkec (ok ,axtahma, `qxanùe ocx ekvq|komxvkx-: qek ,Mbknc Fam, tk|vmhqok| wëomfk } wm|vqkobaeva |ako ae hqkevc vko/ ta|c {qa vkblmíe ax tk|va fhceiqevc {qa ae#tc| xq vcvkomfkf hcegc|bk } hcegmnq|k ok kqvíevmhk } vcvko Mbknc Fam keëocnc"|agoaik/ hcbc xm hkfk `qmefmwmfqko |agoaik|k qek ,tk|va, fa ok apt|axmøe fmwmek/ tcvaehmkobaeva klxcoqvk ae xâ ta|c ,ec vcvko, fa tc| xâ: } aooc xa aevmbaic| ae ta|xtahvmwk ,h|akvmwk,/ taexkefc ae ok megmemvk a meva|bmekloa tcvaehmk h|akvmwk fa Fmcx/ fa ok hqko hkfk {qmae aapt|axmøe/ qe agahvc } qek t|cxahqhmøe khvmwk } hk|khva|mykeva ae xq tk|vmhqok|mfkf%Ok hcefmhmøe xqliavmwk "hce xq oa} gc|bko#ecbmeko } xqx apt|axmceax" ax qe `ah`c |ako : } ec xcokbaeva axc9 ax ok hokwa ,axaehmvcfc aeva ,apmxvaehmko, tc|{qa ok oa} fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf ax t|ahmxkbaeva ok apv|cwa|xmøe "hcbc bkva|mkomfkf" fa qe t|m

hcexvmvqvmwc øevmhc ,meva|mc|,/ meva|mc|mfkf hq}k apt|axmøe } naxvmøe txâ{qmhk } txmhc"bc|ko hcechabcx hcbc ,xqliavmwmfkf,: } tcekfk vmaea {qa wa| hce axa xqliavmwmxbc mefmwmfqkomxvk {qa ae ok hqovq|k hcevabtc|ëeak abtayø xmaefc xmeøembc fa mbta|gahfalmomfkf } k`c|k "ae ao t|afmhkbaevc okmhmxvk" oc ax fa meha|vmfqbl|a/ hcegqxmøe/ } |aokvmwmxbc ,vcvko, (E%T% ;#<4409 hcev|kwmemahcev|kfmhmaefc ok v|kfmhmøe bmxbk fa ok bcfa|emfkf vahec"|khmceko/ {qa hcbc lmae oc |ahqa|fk Laeafmhvc PWM ae ,Xtax Xt|ctcea axa eqawc hc||aokvc aev|a ,hmaehmk } t|kpmx/ aev|a apta|mbaevc } bívcfc, {qa taexkfc|ax hcbc Lkhce faxaxvkloahmaefc ao gqefkbaevc fa qek hma|vk ,mfacocnâk fao t|cn|axc, {qa fmxhq||a tc| okx wâkx tk|koaokx fa ok |kyøe } ok omlahcev|ktcemaefc xmabt|a } ae vcekomfkf fqkomxvk ao `cbl|a"|khmceko (cliavmwmxvk- ko `cbl|a"tkxmceko (xqliavmwmxvk- ta|c xme ooaapv|abc fa kliq|k| fa vcfk |khmcekomfkf cliavmwk hcbc `khae ocx ,gmoøxcgcx, fao  taexkbmaevc fílmo {qa ,wcoaex c| ecoaex, xcefao bcwmbmaevc kevm"hqovq|ko {qa xcxvmaea a mbtqoxk ko gqefkbaevkomxbc okmhmxvk-%Qe aiabtoc xmbtoa9Fcx mefmwmfqcx "apta|vcx ae bafmvkhmøe } hcevabtokhmøe %%%+" kf"bm|ke qek taocvk fa tmentcen/ |aokikfcx } qlmhkfcx ae qekfaxt|cwmxvk fa cliavcx } favkooax gmnq|kvmwcx% Kblcx apta|mbaevk|ëe qek wmwaehmk t|ctmk tc|{qa hkfk {qmae wmwm|ë ao atmxcfmc xa

ko baecx" v|ax gkhvc|ax fmga|aehmkoax9;%" Xq mfaevmfkf keâbmhc"ecbmeko } hcexvmvqhmøe txmhc"gâxmhk (faxfa oc naeakoønmhc `kxvk oc txmhcoønmhc-%<%" Xq `mxvc|mk ta|xceko }#c hm|hqexvkehmk apmxvaehmko ({qa bkva|mkomyk } hcevapvqkomyk oc keva|mc| fmga|aehmkobaeva-%8%" Xq qlmhkhmøe ae ao axtkhmc"vmabtc/ mnqkobaeva ùemhk (hkfk {qmae ax"axvë c ,apmxva, ae qe bcfc ùemhc: } aooc fagmea qe wâaxtahâgmhc } fmga|aeva hce ao aevc|ec } hce hqko{qma| cliavc"|akomfkf apva|ek k aoocx-%Axkx wmwaehmkx xa|ëe fmga|aevax k vcfc agahvc ta|c hcbtk|vm|ëe qe ,cliavc,9 ao apv|khvc øevmhc fa ok ta|hathmøe fa k{qaook tXqtcenkbcx oc clwmc } bëx aoabaevko9 axa apv|khvc"xâevaxmx ax ao |a"hcechmbmaevc fa qek(axk- ,axga|k, (xâblcoc } hcehatvc|anmxv|kfc hcbc qec fa ocx hcbtceaevax cliavqkoax"øevmhcx c hcevaemfc gmnq|kvmwc (mbënaeax- fao Xmnemgmhkfc {qa hkfk {qmav|kic q cl"vqwc fa ok apta|maehmk } |anmxv|ø ' hkomgmhø ae xq Babc|mk% Ocx |axtahvmwcx ,Xmnemgmhkfcx, xce "hcbc vcfcx" qe hcemevan|kfc fa mexvkehmkx øevmhkx c axaehmkoax } hcbc vkoax ,xce oc {qa xce,% Tqafae hkomgmhk|xa fa ,xqliavmwcx, tc| ta|vaeaxqiavc } xa| fmxvmevcx: ta|c oc bmxbc tcf|âk fahm|xa fa fcx tmaf|kx% C {qa xce ,cliavmwcx, tc|{qa ,xce,%%% } vcfc oc {qa ,ax,qek hqkomfkf axaehmko |kfmhko {qa ta|bmva |a"hcecha|oc/ mfaevmgmhk|oc cliavmwkbaeva/ hcbc cliavc me xa% ] axk tahqomk|mfkf } qe|axqovk meawmvkloa ae ok hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko/ tc|{qa gâxmhkbaeva ax mbtcxmloa `k}k c apmxvke fcx cliavcx mfíevmhcx "xak ekvk|vmgmhmkobaeva" tc|{qa ko chqtk| fcx hcefmhmceax fmxvmevkx ae ok v|kbk |ako axtkhmc"vabtc|ko/ lkxvk|âk qek xcok tk|vâhqok bkxmvqkfk ae ocx hcegmeax fao qemwa|xc tk|k bcfmgmhk|ocx "tc| ok n|kwafkf" `khmaefc {qa ko baecx xqx bkxkx gqaxae fmga|aevax% Ta{qa k`c|k meva|axk ax ao ,gkhvc| hcbùe,/ ok tcxmlmomfkf fa qek mbknae"cliavc hcbtk|vmfk ae kblkx wmwaehmkx% Axa wkoc| xmbl,axga|k, {qa kblcx t|chaxk|ce/ ³ax ao bmxbc3%%%/ ax mfíevmhc %%%3% Ae vkevc hcehatvc } hkvanc|âk (xqlxvkehmk } gc|bk axv|qhvq|ko-/ oc ax: tc|{qa qek axga|k ax qek gc|bk ta|gahvk fagmemfk tc| qek oa} axv|qhvq|ko (c ok Mbknae {qa apt|axk cbkva|mkomyk axk oa}/ hq}k  t|mba|k apt|axmøe ax tq|kbaeva ,wa|lko ,9 ok gø|bqok bkvabëvmhk-/ } ae axa xaevmfc vcfkx okx axga|kmnqkoax% Ta|c aooc ax wëomfc ae ao bqefc apmxvaehmko c bkva|mko"gâxmhc fcefa okx aevmfkfax bavkgâxmhkx ecx mbt|axmceke/ cleqlfax"oqbl|ke (omva|kobaeva/ ax ok oqy {qa t|cwmaea fa xqx mfaevmfkfax fava|bmekfkx c klxcoqvmykfkx tc| xq hcehc|fkehmk hce {qa okx |a"hcecha } fagmea-% Xm axvqwmíxabcx ae ao ëblmvc bavkgâxmhc c ae ok hcefmhmøe axtm|mvqko/ {qmyëx kt|ahmk|âkbcx fmga|aehmkhmceax } vmtcocnâkx (tc| ai%9 tk|k ecxcv|cx wk|mkx taocvkx fa tmentcen xce xmbmok|ax ta|c fmga|aevax: kqe{qa qhqkomvkvmwkbaeva mega|mc| c xmvqkfc ae qek fmbaexmøe mega|mc| okx hcexmfa|k|âk ta|gahvkbaeva mnqkoax tc|{qa xqx tk|ëbav|bafmhmøe"hcbtk|khmøe xce t|ahk|mcx c tc|{qa ko axvk| ae qe n|kfc fmbaexmceko mega|mc| xøoc ,wa, xqx t|c}ahhmceax } aookx hk|ah

okx mbta|gahhmceax ecvc|mkx {qa ta|bmvae kt|ahmk| okx fmga|aehmkx (qek axga|k xøomfk hce `qahcx/ gmxq|kx } bkeh`kx/ t|c}ahvxcbl|k"mbknae {qa tk|aha qe hâ|hqoc ta|gahvc-%Vko way falkbcx `klok| bëx fa ,qemhmfkf } qemwchmfkf, } baecx fa ,xqliavmwmfkf,: tc|{qa ok clxaxmøe bkva|mkomxvk#hmaevmgmhgkwc| fao cliavmwmxbc } ae hcev|k fa ok xmenqok|mfkf ta|xceko vmaefa k hcegqefm| oc {qa ax t|ctmc } aphoqxmwc fa hkfk `qbkec/ hmehma|vc } hcegqxc c hce oc fílmo a mbta|gahvc% Xql"t|cfqhvc fa ok gmocxcgâk mfakomxvk fmxvc|xmcekfk tc| ao bkva|mkomxbc: {qa bta}c|kvmwkbaeva ao hcev|kxva Cliavmwmfkf wx% Xqliavmwmfkf ae ví|bmecx mfacoønmhc"tcoâvmhcx/ aiahqvkefc qek cta|khmøe ta|"wmfaevmgmhø ok Wa|fkf hce ok cliavmwmfkf bkva|mko "ao cliavc" } ao A||c| hce ok xqliavmwmfkf ta|xceko: xmaefc {qa ao cliavc bkva|xcokbaeva ktk|maehmk"Gmnq|k c t|c}ahhmøe"mbknae (ok |akhhmøe gaecbaecocnmxvk hka ae ao apv|abc ctqaxvc9 noc|mgmhk| ao xqliavmapmxvaehmko wkemgmhkefc ok cliavmwmfkf fa ok Wa|fkf% Aooc hcev|mlq}ø k fmgqefm| qek wmxmøe } baevkomfkf |afqhhmcemv|abaefkbaeva faxt|ahmkvmwk fa oc mefmwmfqko/ ta|xceko } gkbmomk|: k gkwc| fa ocx wkoc|ax klxv|khvcx fa ok mfacocnâk"fchv|mek"vtk|vmfc"axvkfc: iqxvmgmhkefc vcfc k{qaooc {qa }k xklabcx xqhafmø9 ao `c||c| xmxvabkvmykfc: } xmnqmø hcev|mlq}aefc k axa klkikbfao vcec bc|ko"hqovq|ko {qa fa bcbaevc hcehoq}a ae ao |aokvmwmxbc/ ao xqliavmwmxbc } ao em`momxbc hk|khva|âxvmhcx fa ok mfac

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okmhmxvk: ae hkxm ta|gahvk hcexcekehmk hce ao mefmga|aevmxbc t|ctmc fao eac"`afcemxbc {qa hk|khva|myk okx bank hcbqemlq|nqaxkx fa ok tcxv"bcfa|emfkf-%

Ecvk ;9 ae hokwa txmhcoønmhk/ ok kwa|xmøe cliavmwmxvk `khmk ok ,xqliavmwmfkf, apt|axk ok faxwmkhmøe fa qek fqkomfkf ekvq|ko vkblmíe hcechmfk hqovq|kobaeva ae,hokxmhmxbc"mfakomxbc wx% apt|axmcemxbc"tkxmcekomfkf,%Ecvk <9 khcxvqbl|c `klok| fa ,mfakomxbc, tk|k faxmnek| naeí|mhkbaeva ok ,mfacocnâk fa okx mfakx,/ wa|xmøe qe vkevc tokvcemxvk fao |khmcekomxbc okvc% K ec hchce ocx mfakomxbcx fa kqvc| % Ai%9 ok vaxmx jkevmkek {qa axtahmgmhk ao |co fa ok ,mfak, hcbc qek fa okx fcx hqkomfkfax {qa `ke fa |anm| qe xmxvabk (taexkxmxvabëvmhc-/ c ocx mfakomxvkx koabkeax Xh`aoomen/ Gmh`va } @anao {qa hcbaevc ae ao hkt% 7 (7%;%84%1>-%

Ae ao aiabtoc fa ok Axga|k ap"v|kâfk#|a"hcechmfk ae#tc| ok taocvk fa tmentcen/ tk|ahma|k {qa kblcx mefmwmfqcx hcbtk|vahcevaemfc øevmhc mfíevmhc/ {qa }kha ae xqx |axtahvmwkx hcehmaehmkx% Ta|c9 ³hqko ax aevcehax ao ,wkoc|"xaevmfc, f

hcevaemfc3%%%/³vkblmíe ax mfíevmhc3%@klokefc t|mba|c fa Wkoc|/ ec xm|wa kgm|bk| {qa ,fataefa|ë fa xq |aokhmøe hce ao hceiqevc fa ocx cv|cx hcevaemfcx,: tc|{qhceiqevc ax ,}k |ako, } xqx |aokhmceax ec xce qek v|kbk klxv|khvk hcehatvqko xmec konc |ako"hcexmxvaeva {qa xa khvùk"khvbafmkeva qek khhmøe fa hcbtk|khmøe c xqta|tcxmhmøe gc|bko "khvc |a"hcnecxhmvmwc" {qa vkblmíe |a{qma|a ok xahqaehmk hcevmg|ahqaehmko fa faxvaoocx fa axk Oqy% Ao ,wkoc|, ax aevcehax qe kv|mlqvc/ qek hqkomfkf me`a|aeva c mev|âexahk ko hcevaemfc øevmhc"a} ec ao g|qvc fa qek hkomgmhkhmøe |khmceko "c ok {qa xak" apv|âexahk k aook (axvkx hkomgmhkhmceax apva|mc|ax xce tk|va fao vmtc fa hkbc|ko"bc|komxvk/ gc|bkomxvk } xqta|gmhmko "qxqkobaeva xøoc |khmcekomxvk" mexqgmhmaeva tk|k v|kexgc|bk| ko mefmwmfqc c xq ,kobk, }hcevaemfc/ }k {qa ec taeav|ke ok t|cgqefmfkf fao txm{qmxbc-%Xm ao Wkoc| ax mev|âexahc ko cliavc øevmhc/ xkla| xm ax mfíevmhc ae kblcx hkxcx ax hcbc xkla| xm kblkx axga|kx"xâblcocx ocAxaehmkobaeva xâ: tc|{qa ao qemwa|xc c bqefc meva|mc| fa hkfk xa| `qbkec ax qe bmh|chcxbcx "tc| fahm|oc kxâ" ùemhc a mexqxvmta|c |anmfc tc| okx bmxbkx oa}ax hkvanø|mhkx } |kfmhkoax {qa |mnae ocx cv|cx } ao bkh|chcxbcx% Ta|c ok axga|k"taocvk ax ok âtk|va fao hceiqevc fa Xmnemgmhkfcx {qa hcbtceae qek wmwaehmk c atmxcfmc apmxvaehmko% Mehoqxc ax tcxmloa {qa ao aiabto

mekfahqkfc tc|{qa xaoahhmcekbcx ok tk|va baecx khvmwk "baecx apmxvaehmko" fao hceiqevc xmnemgmhkhmceko9 ao cliavc øevmhc"xmbbâembc } xmenqok|% Oc {qa meva|axk ax ao wkoc| fa ocx xql } bkh|c"hceiqevcx xmnemgmhkhmcekoax {qa hcexvmvq}ae okx wmwamehoq}aefc ao |axvc fa ok cliavqkomfkf xmnemgmhkeva } k{qaookx ,abchmceax, t|cfqhmfkx fq|keva ok wmwaehmk bmxbk } {qa va|bmevan|kfkx k ok n|ke xâevaxmx gmeko c t|cwmxmceko fao atmxcfmc `mxvø|mhc% Tc| oc fabëx/ hkfk mefmwmfqc apta|mbaevø c ,wmwmø ok wmwafa k{qao atmxcfmc faxfa qek hcefmhmøe } tqevc fa wmxvk fmga|aeva/ hcbtk|vmaefc vko way ok qemhmfkf fao wkoc| xmnemgmhkeva fa axga|k |ahcechmfk a mevqmfk ae k{qaook taocvk fa tmentcen: ta|c axa bmxbc cliavc falmø xa| kt|ahmkfc bafmkeva qek xqhaxmømbt|axmceax xmnemgmhkevax t|cn|axmwkbaeva fmga|aevax/ tc| hkqxk fa ok fmga|aeva ta|hathmøe fa9 ok vapvq|k/ ao hcoc|/ ao l|mooc/ ao avh% (ec `k} fcx tk|ax fa cicx mnqkoax/ } kqe{qa kblcx xqiavcx axvíe xaevkfcx qec ko okfc fao cv|c/ axk ta{qaûk fmga|aehqlmhkhmøe mbtomhk qe fmga|aehmk ta|hatvmwc cliavmwc-: oc hqko tc| qe okfc koaik ok wmwaehmk fa xq cliavmwmfkf qemwa|xko } ok fn|kfqkobaeva `khmk okx l|qbkx fa okx xqvmoaykx xqliavmwkx‧ (ae hqkevc mehmfaehmk fa okx mbta|gahhmceax } kgahhmceax"kmefmwmfqkoax {qa hk|khva|myke ,eankvmwkbaeva, okx apta|maehmkx/ hcegqefmaefc ko apta|mbaevkfc|-/ ta|c vkblmíe "} tk|k kt|axa |a{qma|a qe txm{qmxbc víhemhk } bc|kobaeva lmae hcexvmvqmfc/ aev|aekfc/ hktkhmvkfc/ mevan|kfc" cliavmwmyke c hceh|avmapta|maehmk `khmaefc {qa hkfk wmwaehmk xmenqok| t|cfqyhk qe hcexv|qhvc meva|mc| "{qa mehoq}a ao bcfaoc#mbknae fa axk t

kqvøecbc/ t|ctmc } xmenqok|/ cliavmwk } xqliavmwkbaeva xmenqok| } {qa ax tk|va fa ok hc"h|akvmwmfkf `qbkek tc|{qa mehoqxc qe xkhvc hcnecxhmvmwc fa qe xmbtoa cliavc gâxmhc/ naea|k konc {qa ax qek ,ecwafkf cliavmwk, tk|k ao bqefc (axa bcfaoc#mbknae me{qa kevax ec apmxvâk } {qa ax ,konc,-%Ecvk tcxva|mc| ;#<4409Xanùe okx `mtøvaxmx fao ,h|qha gc|bkomykfc| ' bkva|mkomykfc|, (hkt% 1-/ ok cliavmwmfkf/ wa|khmfkf } hcexmxvaehmk hcefmhmceko mbknae fa vcfc hcexv|qhvc txâ{qmhc/ fataefa fa xq wâehqoc |ako"cliavmwc hce ok Vapvq|k \ako fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc/ {qa axhcexvkeva a mbtmfa hka| ae ao  tkv`cx fao xqliavmwmxbc hcegqxmcek|mc% Xm tc| qe fagahvc wmxqko }c wac axk taocvk fa tmentcen qek axga|k n|mx } ec lokehk: ok Mbknae fao hcexv|qhvc c bcfaoc meva|mc| |axtahvmwc xqg|m|ë qek vaexmøe"|aokhmøe aev|a ao vcec lokehc/ tc| oc {qa xmblcomyke } xmnemgmhke: {qa hkqxk|ë hma|vc bko"axvk| txmhc"bc|ko {qa xa|ë ,v|kvkfc, tc| ao T|chaxc Bc|ko: } fv|kvkbmaevc fataefa|ë ao xaevmfc gmeko fao hcexv|qhvc } apta|maehmk9 tcxmvmwc c eankvmwc: ec xmaefc m||aoawkeva ao {qa ,wakbcxocx cicx fao hqa|tc } fao kobk" hce ok bk}c| hok|mfkf tcxmloa, tc|{qa aooc fmxvc|xmcek baecx/ hcegqefa baecx } nkxvk baea|nâkx |atk|kfc|kx+%%% Ta|c ao ,bcfc hcbc wac, axk taocvk ax vkblmíe tk|va fa bm hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko } ao T|chaxc Bc

hcexmfa|k hcbc kevahafaeva } |aga|aeva (ao ,bcofa wm|vqko, fa k{qaook apta|maehmk hcevabtok c t|awí fmh`k hcefmhmøe ae hwkoc| }#c hcegc|bkhmøe/ ec hcegmnq|khmøe-% Tc| oc fabëx } xanùe ocx ax{qabkx fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc/ ok v|kexmhmøe aev|a ok mevfao hcehatvc tq|c fa ok axga|k"lokehk } ok ta|hathmøe bafmkvmykfk } ,xqliavmwmykfk, c aev|a ok ta|hathmøe øevmhk } ok ta|haxaexc|mko fa axa cliavc apmxvaeva fq|keva axa atmxcfmc/ ec ax xøoc qe v|kexmvk| aev|a oc ta|gahvc"cliavmwc"øevmhc } oc mbta|gxqliavmwc"gaecbíemhc/ xmec aev|a ao Gkhvc| Wa|lko } xq Gmnq|k/ c aev|a ok khvmvqf wa|lko  } gmnq|kvmwk fa ok Mbknae meva|bafm(n|ëgmhcx hcehatvqkoax fao hkt% 1-/ oc hqko cg|aha|âk qek aptomhkhmøe bëx hcevqefaeva ko t|cloabk } vabk fa ok |aokhmøe aexqliavmwc } oc cliavmwc/ hcbùebaeva v|kvkfk ae bcfc fabkxmkfc fqkomxvk%

K axa emwao xâ xqhafa|âk konc xmbmok| k ok gmnq|k wmxvk ae ao xqaûc faxh|mvc: fcefa ok hkfaek hm|hqok| axvklk hcbtqaxvk tc| ta{qaûcx tqevcx"axga|kx/ qemfcx tc| qek |ahvk"wahvc| hkomgmhkfk tc| qe wkoc| eqbí|mhc% Xm ok |ahvk gqaxa ao wkoc| bmxbc/ ³tcf|âtqevcx"axga|kx xa| ao cliavc øevmhc qemvk|mc3%%% Fa xa| kxâ/ ok gmnq|k tk|aha fabkxmkfc xmbtoa tk|k moqxv|k| ok gc|bkomfkf fao ax{fa qe Xmnemgmhkfc c hceiqevc xmnemgmhkhmceko aoabaevko: hq}k hcbtoaimfkf bâembk `kha taexk| ae v|kbkx bqh`c bëx hcbtoaibaecx hcbc okx {qa moqxv|ke n|ëgmhkbaeva qek xahqaehmk fa KFE-% ] ae axvkx v|kbkx/ xm ocx ,wkoc|ax, kxqbae hcexmxvaehmk fa c

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 53/184

 

}k ec ax qe Fmcx"apva|mc|"kiaec"fmxvkeva c kqxaeva {qa bm|k eqaxv|cx ,aia|hmhmcx fa omla|vkf, hcbc xm gqaxae qe tkvívmhc iqamoqxmceax hcehafmfkx } hcexaevmfkx/ }k {qa xq mexa|hmøe ae ok hcefmhmøe `mxvø|mhk } ae eqaxv|c f|kbk oc mehc|tc|k ,f|kbëvmhkbk xqx vaexmceax } kxmbmxbc k ok n|ke lkvkook aev|a ok t|cn|axmøe `khmk ok toaek omla|vkf "`khmk ok Toaemvqf" } okx vaefaehmkx |an|axmewcoqvmwkx {qa tc| eank| ok wmfk } ok bmxbk hcexmxvaehmk fa oc apmxvaeva/ ,vcfc oc emanke,/ mehoq}aefc ok omla|vkf } oc {qaxmnemgmhk } oc {qa aook tcxmlmomvk (ok omla|vkf `qbkek ax |agoaic kekoønmhc fa ok omla|vkf fmwmek {qa ok h|ak } hcehafa-%EV MM Hc|mevmcx 8/;> %S,‧ Tc|{qa ao Xaûc| ax ao Axtâ|mvq/ } fcefa axvë ao Axtâ|mvq fao Xaûc|/ kooâ axvë ok omla|vkf ‧,%S 

Oc {qa |axqovk meva|axkeva } ívmhk ' hcehatvqkobaeva hcbtomhkfc ax ok ,meva|waehmøe fa ok mbknae fa gqvq|c, ae ao v|kexhq|xc`mxvc|mk/ c "bëx apkhvkbaeva" ae eqaxv|k echmøe } wmxmøe fa ok } eqaxv|k `mxvc|mk } fa ok hqko fataefa eqaxv|k mexa|hmøe |agoaph|âvmhk ae aook } ae xq fawaem| mehma|vc: hcbc okx wmxmceax ktchkoâtvmhkx c |awaokhmceax xqtcemaefc ae t|mba|k } fmxhqvmloa mexv{qa íxvkx xake c hcevaenke konqek t|a"wmxmøe gmnq|kvmwk c n|ëgmhkbaeva faxh|mtvmwk fa qek kqvíevmhk } ,|ako"|akomykfk, axhae

gqvq|c: xmaefc awmfaeva {qa xm ,wabcx, oc {qa xa|ë vko hcbc xa|ë/ ekfk mbtafm|âk {qa aooc va|bmea xmaefc c xqhafmaefc kxâ tc|{ec `kha|oc/ konc hkblmk|âk } fmh`k t|awmxmøe faik|âk fa xa| wa|fkfa|k ' |ako (konc |ako"|akomykfc }k ec ax |ako"|akomykeva } tc| aeec tk|vmhmtk fa ok oml|a khhmøe bc|ko } h|akvmwk-% Hqkefc ae okx cl|kx fa hmaehmk gmhhmøe xa |aokvk qe wmkia ko tkxkfc hkxm xmakfwma|vae ko t|cvkncemxvk {qa ec meva|waenk tc|{qa hkblmk|âk ao hq|xc fa ocx khcevahmbmaevcx/ ocx bmxbcx {qa ,tcxva|mc|booank|ce `kxvk ío bmxbc/ {qmae wcowmø tk|k t|cfqhm| axk kova|khmøe% Xm meva|wmaea khvmwk|âk qek hcev|kfmhhmøe |kfmhko (ec qek tk|hcbc xqaoa fahm|xa k wahax-/ xqgmhmaeva tk|k hcoktxk|oc k ío/ k xq wmkia"meva|waehmøe "qek klxq|fk hkfaek megmemvk fa hcev|kfmhhm} vcfk ok axv|qhvq|k hcexmxvaeva fao qemwa|xc"|akomfkf %%% Ao k|nqbaevc vmaea konùe xaevmfc kqe hqkefc xak t|axamenaeqkbaeva } |kycekfc bq} fílmobaeva% Tqax lmae/ ao kxtahvc ,gqvq|mxvk, fa okx t|a"wmxmceax ktchkoâtvmhkx xcbava ao t|mehmt,omla|vkf bc|ko, k qek fq|k t|qalk: } axvkloaha hma|vk ,meva|waehmøe ktk|aevabaeva mbt|ctmk, ae ok `mxvc|mk (fmga|aeva ko khhmceok t|cwmfaehmk fmwmek {qa fmkocnk kbkloa } oml|a } h|akvmwkbaeva hce ok omla|vkf `qbkek- {qa xm lmae ec `kha hcoktxk| ao qemwktc|vk k ocx `qbkecx fa#ae xq bcbaevc `mxvø|mhc qek wmxmøe } echmøe vabtc|ko fa |akomfkf fagmemvmwk } hcehoqmfk: } k{qâ xâ vaeqek tk|kfcik9 kqe{qa ok wmxmøe xak xmbløomhk c mehoqxc omva|ko ta|c ombmvkfk k ok ta|hathmøe fa konqek xahqaehmk gmnq|kvmw

xmnemgmhkehmk bc|ko hceooawk qek kfwa|vaehmk/ qe baexkia/ qek hcbqemhkhmøe a megc|bkhmøe: } aooc ec fala v|kfqhm|xa hcbcmefqhhmøe ko gkvkomxbc c k ok tkxmwmfkf fm|ahvk c mefm|ahvk (³tk|k {qí kgkek|ecx3 %%% }k xklabcx hcbc wk k va|bmek| vcfc/ `knkb{qa `knkbcx %%%- } baecx k qek |aeqehmk c eaqv|komfkf bc|ko (ax ok bmxbk hokxa fa kfwa|vaehmk t|ctcxmvmwk {qa Iqen kxmnegqehmøe kfbcemvc|mk c t|cxtahvmwk fa ocx xqaûcx-% Ae ao KV/ ok bk}c|âk fa ocx baexkiax } wmxmceax a|ke } xce fa kfwa|vaehmk bcg|ahmaefc qek tcxmlmomfkf fa ,axhkta k axa xmec, bafmkeva ao ctc|vqec k||ataevmbmaevc/ v|kexgc|bkhmøe meva|mc| (bavkehkblmc fa khhmøe#khvmvqf "hcbc okx kfbcemhmceax bc|ko"`mxvø|mhkx fa okx ktk|mhmceax bk|mkekx": ta|c ok wmxmøe ktchkoâtvgmekomxvk } fagmemvmwk: } ax aev|ankfk hcbc xm ok ,toaemvqf fa ocx vmabtcx, mbtomhk|k hma|vc t|mehmtmc fa ,khvqkomykhmøe"t|ahmtmvkhmøok `mxvc|mk/ xmbqovëeac hce xq v|kexhq|xc% Qek ,tk|kfcik,% Hok|c axvë {qa xm ecx kvaeabcx k ok meva|t|avkhmøe {qa ok bmxbk apíhkvøomhk"bcfa|emxvk `kha fao níea|c ktchkoâtvmhc/ ec `k} t|cloabk konqec tc|{qa xa faxvkhk c wkoc|myk aphoqxmwkbaeva ao hcev|aomnmcxc/ |afqhmaefc oc mbknmek|mc k ba|k moqxv|khmøe gkevkxmcxk fao hcevaemfc/ `ah`k xanùe ao |ata|vc|mc kgahvmwc } n|ëmefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwc" fa ok ítchk ae {qa axcx oml|cx gqa|ce axh|mvcx (hktky {qa vaenke vcfk ok |kyøe‧/ ta|c axva aegc{qa xa t

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,axtaiâxvmhk, xøoc ktk|aha xm ao cliavc ax mbta|gahvkbaeva xmbív|mhc c axvë xqiavc k qe fmekbmxbc {qa oc kxmbav|myk (fa oc hceao favkooa xa|âk mekfwa|vmloa-/ } aooc xcokbaeva xqhafa ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf  ‘ bkva|mkomfkf (ae qe hqa|tc ta|gahvkbaeva xmbíaxvëvmhc ax mbtcxmloa fmga|aehmk| qe okfc fao cv|c-% Oqanc/ ao axtaic gkook ùemhkbaeva "k agahvcx fao clxa|wkfc| apva|ec" xm ao c|agoaikfc ax fagahvqcxc } aevmíefkxa {qa axvc xqtcea qek oa} fa xmbav|âk ,xmbløomhk, } ec gc|bko: agahvc fa ok bmxbk hcefaxtahqok|9 qe hqa|tc xmbív|mhc xce fcx hqa|tcx mfíevmhcx xatk|kfcx } qemfcx tc| qe axtaic ta|gahvc: } axc xa |afqha k qe hqa|tc k"gc|bko c megc|ba (ec axv|qhvq|kfc } k"hcevapvqko- kfcxkfc ko axtaic ta|gahvc (ao eùba|c <9 fcx ,;, kfcxkfcx ko axtok qemfkf } xq kova| axtahqok| m||ako ta|c mfíevmhc ,mbknmek|mkbaeva,-% Axvc ax ecvkloa/ tc|{qa xmvùk ao axtaic ae ok |kây øevmhkMbknae Hc|tc|ko } ok oa} hcexvmvqvmwk fa ok Gmnq|k fao Hqa|tc (E%T%9 ok bmxbk gmnq|k xmbløomhk fao axtaic ok qvmomyk|í bëx kfaokevahcbaevk| qek gkhavk fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko } xq kova|ekvmwk t|mbk|mk/ moqxv|kfk tc| ok lmgq|hkhmøe ae ao hkbmec {qa ec xa|âkkova|ekvmwk |ako xmec qek fmg|khhmøe moqxc|mk fa ok mbknae fao bmxbc hkbmec/ hkqxkfk t|ahmxkbaeva tc| qe ,axtaic apva|ecxmvqkfc/ ae xmeh|ceâk hce ao ,axtaic meva|ec, fao K%H%T%-%Xme ,axtaic, ec `k} mbknae/ gmnq|k em bkva|mk+%%%/ }9 ³{qí ,wa"hcevabtok, ae axa axtaic ao `abm"cliavc megc|ba3%%%9 gc|bkobaevaxqtcea| {qa ,vkblmíe, hcevabtok ' hcecha xq kova|mfkf/ ok gmekomykhmøe ktk|aeva fa xq tcvaehmko gc|bko/ xq ,gqvq|c hcehoqxmwc

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ko xa| hcevabtokfc ae#tc| qek } xq mbknae xmnemgmhkeva fawmaea ae khvc hcexvmvqvmwc+/ tc|{qa ae ao ëblmvc gc|bko"c|mnmeko fa øevmhk ùemhkbaeva ktk|aha k{qaooc {qa ax c tqafa xa|% Ok hcevabtokhmøe fa axvk mbknae |agoaik ,ax, ok va|bmekhmøe fa hcexvmvqhmceko {qa hcexvmvq}a ' |akomyk ok Gmnq|k } ec ax kwaevq|kfc hk|khva|myk| abchmcekobaeva axa khvc hqko ke`aokeva t|a"} wmxmøe fao ,gqvq|c, } fao gme#gmeko% Axvc hcmehmfa hce ok fagmemhmøe fa bkva|mk xqna|mfk ae 8%69 2 ,|ahqa|fc fa gqvq|c,+%Ecvk tcxva|mc| (;4#<441-9 wkonk oc kevax fmh`c hcbc faxh|mthmøe bavkgø|mhk fa ok xahqaehmkomfkf gc|bko fao awaevc øevmhc (,oønmhk axv|qhvq|ko,-/ ta|c hcewmaea khok|k| oc xmnqmaeva9 axa khvc axtahqok| {qa tk|aha qek hokwa fa bkva|mkomykhmøe/ ec axwa|fkfa|kbaeva hcexmxvaeva {qa chq||a } hkqxk ,|akomfkf,/ xmec qe bcfc fa aevaefa|"mbknmek|"fahm| qe kxtahvc gc|bko axv|qhvq|k cevcoønmhk fa ok Vapvq|k fa \akomfkf cliavmwk fao Bqefc/ hkqxkfk"h|akfk tc| ao Wa|lc Fmwmec/ fa ok hqko xcbcx xqtk|va } bëpmbk apt|axmøe "ae hqkevc mbknc"Fam/ |agoaic kekoønmhc fao H|akfc| ae xq h|mkvq|k ta|xceko" } tc| axc tcfabcgoapmcek| xcl|a xq mevmbmfkf } ek||k| hcbc `mxvc|mk ao bcfc fa xa| fa oc {qa ax%

Xce gkhavkx fmxvmevkx {qa xm lmae aevaefmfkx ta|bmvae hcbt|aefa| kxtahvcx fao |aokvmwc c hcefmhmceko qemwa|xkomxbc fa ok xmblceâ|mhk } tc| apvaexmøe/ ao qemwa|xkomxbc fao xqaûc bmxbc hcbc apt|axmøe ombmvkfk (tk|vmhqok|- fao txm{qmxbc }cmhc } fhcegomhvcx/ kt|ahmkfcx ae ta|xtahvmwk xmnemgmhkhmceko"bc|ko (gmekomxvk-/ }k {qa vcfc t|chaxc } awaevc txâ{qmhc axvë c|maevkfc {qa ao txm{qmxbc" k xq cliavmwc gmeko"gmekomxvk%Tmaexc {qa ax mbtcxmloa ,meva|t|avk|, fm|ahvkbaeva axa tchc c bqh`c fa ,ava|emfkf"klxcoqvay, t|axaeva ae ok mbknmea|âk xqaûc (aphatvc ae okx |awaokhmceax bavkgâxmhkx-9 xøoc vaeabcx qe axtaic lc||cxc } waokfc {qa |agoaik ok gmnq|k mbta|gahvk"mehcbfao vcvko/ } aooc ,ktk|aha, hcbc mbknae gmnq|kvmwk xmbløomhk (c `mxvc|mk xmblcomxvk-% Ta|c ao axtaic ax fcloa/ lmfm|ahhmceko9 g|aqec fa xqx okfcx wabcx ok gmnq|k xmbløomhk mebkeaeva bëx eâvmfkbaeva xqta|tqaxvk k ok xcbl|k fa ok gmnq|k xmbløomhk v|kxhaefTqax lmae/ ae hcefmhmceax ,ekvq|koax,/ íxva ax ao okfc fcefa axvkbcx c apmxvmbcx: vkblmíe ko xcûk| xqaûcx%Ta|c ao xcoc `ah`c fa fmxtcea| } hcecha| qe g|knbaevc lc||cxc/ waokfc } |agoaic fa qe hcevaemfc xmnemgmhkeva ,ava|ec, c klxc{qa mehoq}a ao   gqvq|c khvqko fa ok t|ctmk `mxvc|mk/   tcef|âk ae vaok fa iqmhmc eqaxv|k ,omla|vkf, ae hqkevc omla|vkf fa

h|akvmwkbaeva eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko } xqx cthmceax bc|koax"h|akvmwkx/ axvkloahmaefc qe bahkemxbc"fava|bmtkvcoønmhc ta|bkeaeva: tc|{qa axvk|âkbcx ae hcefmhmøe khvmwk/ `mxvø|mhk } oml|a: ta|c xmbqovëeakbaeva xa|âkbcx hcefmhmcekfcqek bcfkomfkf megc|bkvmwk {qa tc| g|knbaevk|mk/ hcegqxk }#c waokfk {qa gqaxa/ mbtomhk|âk qe hcechmbmaevc {qa fa axva|momyk|âk/ me`mlm|âk }#c hcegqefm|âk axk ,omla|vkf, k"hcefmhmceëefcecx tk|k kfahqk|ecx ko ktk|aeva faxmnemc c t|a"fava|bmexc taek fa kg|cevk| qek meùvmo } faxkxv|cxk "kqe{qa ,|cbëevmhk," oqh`k hcev|k ao faxvmec% Ae cv|kx tkokl|kx9 {qa Fmcx xatk c hc,klxcoqvkbaeva, oc {qa ecx xqhafa|ë } oc {qa `k|abcx ec ombmvk eqaxv|k ,omla|vkf,/ ta|c fa xkla|oc ecxcv|cx xâ‧/ tc|{qa {qaf

,abchmceko/ mevaoahvqko } bc|kobaeva tk|komykfcx, c aev|ankfcx k qek axtahma fa fava|bmemxbc/ gkvkomxbc c hqko{qma| fa|mwkfok h|aaehmk ae ok t|afaxvmekhmøe c ae ok mbtcvaehmk fa ok khhmøe ta|xceko keva ao faxmnemc vcvko: hcenaokfcx tc| ok xqta|tcxmhmqe bahkemxbc fmeëbmhc ae xq meha|vmfqbl|a } |mnmfmykfc tc| ok vcvkomykhmøe fa xqx tcxmlmomfkfax ae qe xcoc khvc wa|lko "vapvqk(hcnecxhmloa |at|axaevkhmceko } aptoâhmvkbaeva- {qa okx fagmea9 xm qe xa| ta|xceko ' hcexhmaeva xqtmaxa "bmaev|kx `kha c me`kha| konc" {qa ok khhmøe va|bmek|ë xkvmxgkhvc|mkbaeva/ tcf|âk ctvk| tc| xaevm|xa kembkfc } t|cxanqm| hce bk}c| l|âc } aevqxmkc vkblmíe xqg|m| ok tcfa|cxk vaevkhmøe fa haxk| xq v|klkic tk|k g|qxv|k| ao faxmnemc } kxâ |ahqta|k| ok omla|vkf+%%%/ c mehoqxc mevaeapta|mbaevc apv|abc fa ,vaevk| ok xqa|va, meva|gm|maefc axk t|afaxvmekhmøe lqxhkefc c ke`aokefc k"hcexhmaevabaeva qe |axbavk"omla|vkf {qa oc omla|a fa aooc+%%% (axvc ùovmbc ax ok n|ke ,oa} bc|ko, {qa hqkomgmhk ok apmxvaehmkomfkf fa vcfcx {qmaeax xa xmaek wahax ecx xaevmbcx knclmkfcx tc| ok ktk|aevabaeva mexqg|mloa c mexctc|vkloa hk|nk fa ok |akomfkf hcevmenaeva {qa txcbava|ecx hce xq taxc bkva|mko/ hce ocx mbtafmbaevcx fa ok fagahvqcxmfkf `mxvø|mhk-% Ae hqko{qma| hkxc/ kpmcoønmhkbaeg|aevkbcx axk fqkomfkf |kfmhko9 tc| qe okfc t|axaevmbcx eqaxv|k omla|vkf ae ok meha|vmfqbl|a f|kbëvmhk fao fawaem|/ } tc| abavk"mevqmbcx {qa ok cbemxhmaehmk fmwmek }k hcecha ok vcvkomfkf a mevan|komfkf fa eqaxv|k `mxvc|mk/ oc hqko ax nk|kevâk } xanq|mf,lqae gmeko, } qek tcxmloa v|kbtk ko aehkefmok| ko anc vaevëefcoc tk|k qek tcxmloa |alaomøe/ xm ooank k h|aa| {qa axa hcechmbmaehcev|ktcea k xq kqvcecbâk/ tcxmlmomfkf {qa xa hceh|avk xm axa anc hka ae ok vaevkhmøe fa ok moqxc|mk kqvc"fmwmemykhmøe-9 ok klxccevcoønmhk wx% ao fmekbmxbc gaecbíemhc/ {qa xa v|kfqha ae qek kova|ekvmwk bc|ko tq|k {qa ae bq} fmga|aevax bapta|mbaevkbcx } wmwmbcx"khvqkbcx k baeqfc/ hkxm hcevmeqkbaeva% Ko bk|nae fa okx cthmceax awkxmwkx c fa ocx kqvc"aenmewaevkfcx tk|k aoqfm| aeg|aevk| axva fmoabk "{qa vkevc kqbaevke ae vmabtcx fa `afcemxbc c em`momxbc"/ tcf|âk xqtcea|xa {qecx g|qxv|k|âk/ hc`mlm|âk c va|bmek|âk xqbmíefcecx ae ok ktkvâk/ ok faxmfmk/ ok faxaxta|khmøe c konqek gc|bk fa kvk|kpmk apmx vaeh(bcfkomfkfax kevm"hqovq|koax {qa ocx txmhcocnmxvkx ,hoëxmhcx, faxh|mlm|âke hcbc qe hcenaokbmaevc/ |av|khhmøe/ me`mlmhmøe fa axa

wmvko {qa faecbmeklke ,oâlmfc,-%Ta|c aooc ec xqhafa } ao f|kbk fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek hcevmeùk hce f|kbëvmhk a mehoqxc h|ahmaeva mevaexmfkf% ³Tc|{qí3%%%Apmxvm| |anmfcx tc| qek hcefmhmøe txmhc"keâbmhk ae } tc| ok hqko hcewmwae ao xaevmfc fa ok wmfk hqko fawaem| mehma|vc } klma|vmegoqaehmk c mehmfaehmk fa eqaxv|k ,omla|vkf, bc|ko ' h|akvmwk/ lkxkfk ae ok tcxmlmomfkf agmhky } agahvmwk/ fa aoanm|/ faxhcechmae

 gc|bk"mbknae (xmnemgmhkfc- fao gqvq|c hcbc cliavc: hce ok mevqmhmøe fa ok echmøe c mbknae |agoaik fao xâblcoc klxcoqvc fa axa ghcexqbkfc c hcehoqmfc (ae xâ-/ axvkloaha hma|vk hcev|kfmhhmøe apmxvaehmko"axaehmko c tk|kfcik hcoktxkfk#mbtocxmcekfk {qaaxv|qhvq|ko } gqehmcekobaeva hcevmeqc/ hcbc qek vaexmøe t|a } k"hcexhmaeva |kfmhko/ xmvqkfk ae ok |kây fa eqaxv|c xa| apmxvaevaxqx bahkemxbcx t|mbk|mcx (ao K%H%T%-% Tcf|âk fahm|xa {qa xa|âk ao agahvc fa ok vaexk } hcegomhvmwk |aokhmøe aev|a eqaxv|c hcbtcekvq|ko xqiavc k okx ,oa}ax ekvq|koax, (hcefmhmcekoax } hcefmhmcekevax ae xqx fava|bmemxbcx hm|hqexvkehmkoax- } eqaxv|k kobk fk{qaooc {qa tc| xa| mbknc"Fam ecx wmehqok k ok omla|vkf h|akvmwk fa eqaxv|c h|akfc|: c bëx apkhvkbaeva ({qmyëx-9 ok |aof|kbëvmhk aev|a eqaxv|k ombmvkfk xmvqkhmøe hcefmhmceko ae hqkevc xa|ax apmxvaevax ekvq|koax } eqaxv|c ke`aoc fa toaemvqf baxcl|a"ekvq|ko/ {qa ax apt|axmøe fa fmh`k hqkomfkf fmwmek% Hcbc xak/ axk vaexmøe ax qe vaexmcekbmaevc {qa xa ,xqg|a, xak {qxmvqabcx ae ao apv|abc xqta|mc| c mega|mc| fa ok axhkok {qa n|kfùk eqaxv|c wâehqoc hcexhmaeva hce oc mega|mc|"ekvq|ko"fava|bme

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hce okx kovâxmbkx hmbkx fcefa l|mook ok mbt|afahmloa tcvaehmkomfkf fao kbc| } ok omla|vkf fmwmek: } xm fmh`c xqg|mbmaevc ec ax kxqoml|a/ h|akvmwk } hcexv|qhvmwkbaeva k||maxnk fan|kfk| k xmbtoa a meùvmo bko"axvk| txmhc"bc|ko c apmxvaehmko/ {qa aega|bk khqa|tc%Tcf|âke faxh|mlm|xa ocx xâevcbkx fa axa bko"axvk|9 xaexkhmceax fk gkvkomxbc/ t|afaxvmekhmøe/ ,faxvmec, meapc|kloa/ t|axaevmbmoqxc|mcx fa oc ,}k wmwmfc,/ fax"axta|khmøe/ mbtcvaehmk apmxvaehmko } hcev|kfmhhmøe abchmceko keva ok gqvmomfkf fa okx ,moqxmcewcoqevkf } omla|vkf, avh%: } ocx agahvcx va|bmekoax fa ok  gkoxk |a"xmnekhmøe9 mefmga|aehmk/ mefcoaehmk/ ktkvâk/ faxmfmk/ faxnkec/ kta|ayk/ mekhvmwmfkf avh% K axhkok baec| } hm|hqexvkehmko xa kt|ahmke ,axvkfcx fa ëembc, kgahvkfcx tc| axk ta|vq|lkhmøe/ t|ctc|ko n|kfc fa ,lc||cxmfkf, c mbta|gahhmøe fa ok mbknae |agoaikfk fa vcvkomfkf  |axtahvc fao tk|kfmnbk bc|ko ta|xceko/ {qa tqae{qmxvk|xa } ,gqehmcekomyk|xa, txâ{qmhkbaeva hkqxkefc konqek bcfkomfkf fat|axmwk c komëefcxa k aookx: oc hqko vkblmíe mfav|mbaevc kfmhmceko fa eqaxv|k ,omla|vkf, bc|ko } h|akvmwk tc|{qa kfabëx fa |ag|aek|xa c kvaeqk|xa eqaxv|k hktkhmfkf t|c"

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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apt|axk qek hcbtceaeva wëomfk9 ok mbknae fa ok ta|gahhmøe fmwmek-% Aooc bkevmaea ao n|ke bmvc"tk|kfmnbk fao ,bcfaoc ta|gat|clkloabaeva ok t|c}ahhmøe ,t|a"hcexhmaeva, fa qe wkoc| axtm|mvqko"bc|ko tq|c {qa ktomhkbcx a||øeakbaeva ko keëomxmx `mxvkev|ctcoønmhc } {qa |agoaik qe ke`aoc klxv|khvc fa ,toaemvqf,9 xm ax ,lqaec, xkla| hkevk| c xa| xmbtëvmhc c gâxmhkbaeva tcfa|cxm axcx xce wkoc|ax c hk|khva|âxvmhkx/ gkhqovkfax } `klmomfkfax aehcbmkloax/ laeígmhkx c tcxmvmwkx/ ³tc|{qí ec vaea|okx vcfkx3%%% ,bcfaoc ùemhc, ae wa|xmøe bavk"ahoíhvmhk/ {qa ax tc| hma|vc qek hk|mhkvq|k a mewcoqevk|mk tk|cfmk fa ok Toaemvqf axhkvcoøn,ta|gahhmøe klxcoqvk, ta|c bmvmgmhkfk (ok |av|c"t|c}ahhmøe fa eqaxv|k mbknae"echmøe fa Fmcx k oc `qbkec } k xq `mxvc|mk-: }hma|vkbaeva }k apmxva9 ax ok `qbkemfkf vcfk/ tc|{qa aev|a vcfcx vaeabcx vcfkx axkx `klmomfkfax‧+ (`k} tqalocx hce bk}c| c

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|kbkx gmocnaeívmhkx {qa naea|ke = lmcvmtcx (} okx hkxm megmemvkx wk|mkhmceax-% Ktk|va fa ok `klmvqko hcegqxmøe aev|a oc cevcoøxmbløomhc } oc gaecbíemhc gmnq|kvmwc"bkva|mko/ ax awmfaeva {qa ok bqefmkomykhmøe "hce ao h|ahmaeva meva|hkblmc } gqxmøe }#cgqxmøe fa tqalocx/ hcbqemfkfax/ avemkx }#c |kykx" (|akomykfk gâxmhk } hqovq|ko#megc|bëvmhkbaeva-/ fmgqbmek|ë t|cn|axmwkbaevafmga|aehmkx hcev|mlq}aefc k |afqhm| c kvaeqk| ao kbtomc |ata|vc|mc fa ,hcbtoaicx, "fa xqta|mc|mfkf ' mega|mc|mfkf"/ t|aiqmgkoxcx iqmhmcx {qa vkevc fan|kfke k okx , mfmcxmeh|kxmkx, ekhmcekoax } okx tkvcocnâkx ekhmcekomxvkx (a mefm|ahvkbaeva/ meva|ekhmcekobëx kùe ae ao hcevapvc q|lkec {qa vmaefa k xvkefk|myk|  c qemwa|xkomyk|  ao axtkhmc"vmabtc k|vmgmhmko keqokefc okx cfava|bmekevax fmga|aehmkx bafmc"kblmaevkoax {qa naea|klke vkevkx hk|khva|mykhmceax (ta|c ec xa h|ak {qa okx eqawkx bankoøfa H`mek/ Mefmk/ L|kxmo/ QXK/ \qxmk/ Kbí|mhk c Aq|ctk vmaefae k ok `cbcnaemykhmøe c k ok qemgc|bmfkf/ tc|{qa tk|k lmae c bkk`c|k oc {qa okx bkehcbqek ec ax xq mevan|komfkf xmec xq hkøvmhk } g|knbaevkfk megc|bkomfkf9 ec xce ,vcfc, xmec ,hqko{qma| hcApv|ktcokefc } t|awmaefc |kycekloabaeva hkla t|anqevk|9 ³wkbcx aehkbmekfcx k qek qemgmhkhmøe qemvk|mxvk fao bmvc"mbknabcfaoc ta|gahvc hcbc oc kevmhmtk|k ao k|va fa hmaehmk"gmhhmøe3%%% Ao taomn|c (c  t|cbaxk tk|k cv|cx- ax |ako hcexmfa|kefc ocx |ahvahec"lmcoønmhcx awaevqkobaeva ktomhkloax k ok ,t|cfqhhmøe naeívmhk, (ao gkevkxbk fa okx |a"menaema|âkx xchmkoax } ok ,n|keik `q

vcvko, {qa tc| faxn|khmk }k kxcbk } ec tc| hkqxk ekvq|ko-% Ta|c k`c|k ec {qma|c hcbaevk| axvkx kok|bkevax kba g|kejaexvamemkekx } oc {qa mbtomhke/ xmec ao aemnbk fao ,bcfaoc ùemhc, wx% ok qemhmfkf fa ok hcefmhmøe ta|xceko"}cmhkcevcoønmhkbaeva (ae ,c|mnae,- ax ao n|ke vabk fao Ecbl|a T|ctmc } fa ok Mfaevmfkf ta|xceko khvqko ' tcvaehmko/ eqaxv|c xaooc } nk|kevâk xkn|kfk hcev|k vcfc mevaevc hcoahvmwmxvk c mnqkomvk|mxvk (qek hcxk ax ok mnqkofkf } cv|k ao mnqkomvk|mxbc-9 tc| bqh`abtk|aiabcx ok bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhc"c|nëemhk fao hqa|tc `qbkec/ hcev|cokefc c bkemtqokefc xq lmc"níeaxmx/ ok hc|tc|amfkfxmaefc ec oc {qa ax "tc|{qa ec ax"/ xmec oc {qa apmxva ae hqkevc apt|axmøe ' apva|mc|mykhmøe |akomykeva fa xq ùemhc } xmenqok| gmeva|mc| hcexvmvq}aeva "ao Kobk axtm|mvqko" } aooc axvë |anmfc tc| ok oa} tk|kføimhk: a|nc/ ao hqa|tc ax ok gmxmhmfkf fa xq Kobk/ ok Gfao Gkhvc| Wa|lko |anmfc tc| ok hokwa hcexmxvaehmko fao Ecbl|a T|ctmc {qa ax ùemhc } aphoqxmwc/ xkehmcekfc"ecbmekfc ,ae c|mnaao khvc h|akvmwc c ok fmhhmøe wa|lko fao bmxbc Fmcx/ {qa ae } tc| axk ecbmekhmøe ecx hcegma|a ao na|bae tcvaehmko fa ok mfaevmfk,mebc|vkomfkf, ({qa tcfabcx faxk||cook| `kxvk |akomyk|oc toaekbaeva/ c faxta|fmhmk|oc m||abmxmloabaeva-% Oqanc `k} qek fmga|c qemhmfkf hkvanø|mhk {qa emenqek `cbcnaeamykhmøe tcf|ë keqok|% ³Hqko3%%% ³høbc xa bkemgmaxvk ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf c `mxvc³høbc meva|t|avk| axvk ,ktk|aeva, vaefaehmk ko qemvk|mxbc"mnqkomvk|mxbc3%%%E%T%9 `k} qe xcoc bcfc fa keqok| ao xaooc fmwmec fa ok qemhmfkf ta|xceko ' mefmwmfqko9 ktcxvkefc k ok |an|axmøe mewcoqvmwk `k,bqa|va,/ eankefc ' mewm|vmaefc ok t|cn|axmøe xmnemgmhkeva } v|kxhaefaeva fao t|c}ahvc fmwmec% Tc| axc ok vcekomfkf t|afcbmekeocx vcvkomvk|mxbcx hcoahvmwmxvkx ax ok |at|axmøe/ ok hca|hmøe } ok eankhmøe fa vcfk apt|axmøe fa omla|vkf bc|ko ' h|akvmwk/ c xmxvabkvmykhmøe gqehmcekomxvk fao kevm"t|c}ahvc em`momxvk hq}c kevm cliavmwc } kevm"gmekomfkf ax ok bqa|va%

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xqlxahqaeva faxhk|va/ mevaevc fa t|cfqhhmøe fa abl|mceax ,bmpvcx, (`qbkec " kembko-/ t|ch|akhmøe apta|mbaevkomxvk/ } vcfk ok xahqaehmk fao `c||c| wmvka/ ff|% G|kejaexvame } ao f|% Bc|akq `khae |akomfkf xqx taxkfmookx } ocx ,xqaûcx, mega|ekoax fa @mvoa| } fa vcfcx ocx bankocbkeâkhcx fa ok `mxvc|mk/ hq}cx tokegmekobaeva kxqbmfcx a mbtoabaevkfcx tc| ok h|abk } ekvk fao fmy {qa ,t|cn|axmxbc, fao gqefkbaevkomxbc okmhmxvk% ] k} fao {qa xa ctcenk+%%%-%

Hkfk hcxbcocnâk#hcxbcnceâk cg|aha qek |axtqaxvk fmxvmevk9 tk|k ao axtm|mvqkomxbc mbta|xceko/ kevm"}cmhc }#c faxta|xcekomlqfmxvk "tc| ai%" axva t|cloabk ax ,mev|kxhaefaeva, tc|{qa va|bmek|âkbcx fmxcowmaefc eqaxv|c }c"hqa|tc ae ao n|ke vcfc"ekfktk|vmhqok|mfkfax khvqkoax xa|âke xøoc qek moqxmøe"agahvc bëx fa ok bkva|mkomfkf (moqxc|mk }#c eankvmwk tk|k okx fchv|mekx neøbkem{qakx-: `kxvk hqobmek| ae ao h|mxvmkemxbc {qa ax ok t|mba|k } ok ùemhk |aomnmøe {qa t|ctcea ok wa|fkf fa axk ,aehk|ekhmøWa|lc, c bkva|mkomykhmøe fao t|cvc"axtâ|mvq c  t|mehmtmc meva|mc| {qa vcfc oc hkblmk } v|kexgc|bk/ v|kexgc|bkefc ok bkva|mkoapt|axmøe apva|mc|mykfk fa axa t|mehmtmc" } fmwmemykefc tcvaehmkobaeva ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek tc| `kla| xmfc kxqbmfk  ta|xcekobtc| Fmcx ta|xceko"`mic/ xqta|kefc ao kevmnqc bkem{qaâxbc fqkomxvk } |axcowmaefc tc| mevan|khmøe ao mexcoqloa t|cloabk fa qefmcx tq|kbaeva meva|ec c ba|kbaeva apva|ec"kiaec: cg|ahmaefc ok tcxmlmomfkf fa kohkeyk| qe gme"gmeko"gmekomfkf ta|xceko/ fcemfaevmfkf }cmhk ax tcvaehmkfk k xq bëpmbc tk|vmhqok| ae ok |a"qemøe gmeko hce ao Fmcx ta|xceko {qa ec keqok/ kem{qmok em hcexq

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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gknchmvk/ xmec tcvaehmk ok mefmwmfqkomfkf } ao ,xâ bmxbc, fao ecbl|a t|ctmc/ t|cwa}aefc ao ,eqawc ecbl|a, c klxcoqvc"to{qmaeax kohkehae ok Toaemvqf/ tc| ok oa} xqt|abk fao Kbc|"hcbqemøe% Ec clxvkeva/ mehoqxc ae axvk ta|xtahvmwk mevan|ko a mevan|} taexkefc#mbknmekefc ok bavk"apmxvaehmkomfkf/ hcehatvqkobaeva xqlxmxva c |aktk|aha ok fqfk9 ³ae {qí xa|abcx ùemhcx"fmxvmeok toaemvqf/ xm okx fmga|aehmkx tc| kecbkoâk"fagahvqcxmfkf faxktk|aha|ëe3 %%%K hcevmeqkhmøe qe axlcyc fa |axtqaxvk {qa t|ctcenc k gme fa t|ctmhmk| qek bk}c| |agoapmøe xcl|a ao kxqevc%Xcbcx mefmwmfqcx } ae hqkevc vkoax hcegc|bkbcx } hcegmnq|kbcx ok `qbkemfkf/ tc|{qa xme axk ,vcvkomfkf, ec tcf|âkbcx hcmefmwmfqkobaeva (ax oc {qa ec {qma|a aevaefa| ao mefmwmfqkomxbc ancmhc-/ } xme okx mefmwmfqkomfkfax hcexmxvaevax ec `kl|âk xc hmahcoahvmwmfkf em `qbkemfkf (ax oc {qa ec hcbt|aefae okx vm|keâkx hcoahvmwmxvkx/ tk|kføimhkbaeva |anmfkx tc| kqvøh|kvkx mefmwmfqapv|abkfkbaeva mefmwmfqkomxvkx }#c tc| qek hkxvk bmec|mvk|mk qov|k comnë|{qmhk-% Vcfcx `khabcx ,qec,/ hcexvmvq}aefc ok mevanok mbknc Fam keëocnc"|agoaik"h|akfk (ok vcvkomfkf naeí|mhk a `mxvø|mhk fa vcfcx ocx mefmwmfqcx `qbkecx h|akfcx k ,mbkn

xabaikeyk, fa xq H|akfc|-% ³Xanqm|ë h|ahmaefc#t|cn|axkefc hqkevmvkvmwk"gaecbíemhkbaeva } hqkomvkvmwk"axaehmkobae`qbkemfkf `kxvk {qa ok Mbknc Fam keëocnc"|agoaik axví hcbtoavk"vcvkomykfk (ae xâ } tc| oc vkevc |axtahvc k xq c|mnae"hkqxk-3|aokhmcek axvc hce ao fkvc ktchkoâtvmhc xcl|a ok hcbtoavkhmøe fao ,eùba|c fa ocx bë|vm|ax, 3%%%/ xaûkokefc {qa `k} qe ,bxqgmhmaeva, tk|k {qa axk vcvkomykhmøe axví hqbtomfk "hqkefc xq mbknae xak |ahcechmloa ec clxvkeva okx hk|aehmkx a mbta|gahhchq||maefc kxâ ok v|kexgc|bkhmøe gmeko fa axa ,|axvc,/ ko bk|nae fa {qmaeax ctvk|ce oml|abaeva tc| aphoqm|xa fa aooc t|agm|maemega|mc|"cxhq|c } ok ,ava|ek eankhmøe,3%%%EV Ktchkomtxmx 7/= %S,‧ Hqkefc kl|mø ao {qmevc xaooc/ wm falkic fao kovk| okx kobkx fa ocx fancookfcx k hkqxk fa ok Tkokl|k fa Fmcx } fao vaxvmbcemc {qa bkevqXa tqxma|ce k n|mvk| hce gqa|va wcy9 ,³@kxvk hqëefc/ Fqaûc xkevc } wa|ky/ wkx k axvk| xme `kha| iqxvmhmk } xme vcbk| waenkeyk tc| eqaxv|k xken|a fa ocx klmvkevvma||k3,% Aevcehax xa oa fmc k hkfk qec qe waxvmfc lokehc } xa oax fmic {qa axta|kxae vcfkwâk qe tchc/ `kxvk {qa xa hcbtoavk|k ao eùba|c fa xqx hcexma|wcx } `a{qa mlke k xa| bqa|vcx hcbc aoocx‧,%S 

Tc|{qa axvk Qemfkf xa|âk ok mevan|ko fa okx tk|vmhqok|mfkfax `qbkekx faxfa xq hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko c |ako (ombmvkfk- ta|c ae tcvaehmko c |akomykfc|k% ] ax qe `ah`c {qa tc| t|ctmk } oml|a aoahhmøe ec vcfcx xa ,xkowke, (axvë axh|mvc {qa bëx lmae xa|ëe ,t

kqe{qa ec {qa|abcx khatvk|oc tc| |kyceax clwmkx } axvë lmae {qa eqaxv|c ke`aoc axví haev|kfc ae ok Mbknae qe vkevc v|mqegkapmvmxvk fa ok Xkowkhmøe c hqobmekhmøe tcxmvmwk#v|kxhaefaeva fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf ,va||aeko, c bkva|mko/ xme |maxncx/ aphoqxmcefaxhk|vax-% Tc| axc axvk mevan|ko"vcvkomfkf ax qe mbtcxmloa hqkevmvkvmwc (gkovk|ëe tmaykx tk|k k|bk| ok gmnq|k fao |cbtahklaykx/ }bqh`kx xa `ke ta|fmfc c fkûkfc m||abafmkloabaeva- } falmø#fala xa| hcbtaexkfk c v|kexgc|bkfk hqkomvkvmwkbaeva taehk|ekhmøe fao Fmcx `ah`c `cbl|a: {qa ec hkxqkobaeva ax ao @mic fao @cbl|a/ ao Iaxùx"H|mxvc {qa ax ok kqvíevmhk t|mba|k }#c Mbknc Fam / h|akfc| fa okx mbknc Fam  tk|vmhqok|ax c `qbkekx fa hq}k `mxvc|mk xmenqok| } vcvko ax ao |aga|aeva qec } ùemhcv|kexgc|bø k xq way axvk hcefmhmøe } oa} |ahcexvmvq}aefc ao Xmnemgmhkfc ( wa|lkomfkf  * mbknae- fa axk vcvkomfkf k qek axhkfmbaexmcekfk hqkomvkvmwkbaeva ae ao eùhoac tcvaehmkfc fa k{qaoocx ,hq}c ecbl|a axvë axh|mvc ae ao oml|c fa ok Wmfk, {qa ec xomxvkfc t|afaxvmekfc gkvkobaeva xmec ao ecbl|a wm|vqko  fa {qmaeax oml|abaeva khatvke ok tkokl|k fa [qmae t|cbava khvqktoaek } klxcoqvkbaeva ae wm|vqf fa ok tcvaehmk fa xq t|ctmc Ecbl|a T|ctmc%Oc keva|mc| ax ùemhkbaeva qe hcbaevk|mc ta|xceko fa|mwkfc fa qek mbt|axmøe ko wqaoc xcl|a axva hcbtoaic vabk% Ta|c `k} konec ba xqxhmvk fqfkx9 ao mbta|kvmwc hkvanø|mhc fao Kbc| ae xq ktomhkhmøe } apt|axmøe v|memvk|mk ' v|meøbmhk9 k Fmcx/ k ocx cv|cx }

bmxbc% Aooc nk|kevmyk ao ,ípmvc, mefmwmfqko } hcev|mlq}a k hcegmnq|k| ok |axtahvmwk tmayk fao |cbtahklaykx vcvko  hq}k gmnq|kmbknae fa ok vcvkomykhmøe `qbkek ae xq hcefmhmøe ,va||aeko, wmehqokfk k xq gmekomfkf mevan|ko bafmkeva ao t|ctmc xâblcoc cøevmhc/ {qa khvmwk ok hqobmekhmøe v|kxhaefaeva `khmk ok toaemvqf fa xa|% Axvk |aokhmøe wmehqokeva aev|a ok mfaevmfkf ta|xceko ({qa ax tcvaehmkobaeva klxcoqvk "Fmcx ax xq hkqxk ' c|mnae#gme } |agoaic ae ok Mbknc Fam `qbkek" } xq vcvkomfkf naeí|mhk/ ax vkbqek hokwa tk|k aevaefa| ao xaevmfc bc|ko fa ok xqliavmwmfkf } cliavmwmfkf fa ok hcefmhmøe `mxvø|mhk fao mefmwmfqc%Axvc ba |ahqa|fk qe axhq||mfmyc vabk }k hcbaevkfc9 ok xqliavmwk cliavmwmfkf q cliavmwk xqliavmwmfkf fa okx wmwaehmkx bavk"gâxmhkAo gkhvc| xqliavmwc fao wmxmcek|mc ec hcehma|ea xøoc k xq baevkomfkf/ kgahvcx } fagahvcx/ kqe{qa Fmcx qxk xq txm{qmxbc vko hcbaxvë (ao xmxvabk } ktk|kvc mbknmekvmwc"gkevkxmcxc-: tc|{qa ax ae axaehmk ok qemfkf mefmwmfqko/ axk ,tk|va } vcfc, fa Fmcx hcbc Fam {qa hkfk {qmae ax c xcbcx |agoaik#t|c}ahvmwkbaeva: khvqko q tcvaehmkobaeva%Ax ao gkhvc| fa mfaevmfkf ta|xceko (ecbmeko ' gc|bko#axtm|mvqko-+++: {qa G|cxxk|f faxh|mla hce ecvkloa a mextm|kfk hok|mfkf9

 S,%%% Fmcx ec hqaevk k ocx qbkecx tc| bkxkx hcbc ocx mfaøocncx c iagax fa lkvkooøe: ec ocx hcochk ae lk||moax hcbc k|ae{qax: Ío xøoc xkla hcevk| kxvk qe c %%%,ae t|anqevkx,% Kef|í G|cxxk|f (;==4-

Xm xcbcx vcfcx ùemhcx } tcvaehmkobaeva ,qec, ae/ hce } tc| ao Qec

 

/ axk qemhmfkf (ecbmeko ' hcexmxvaehmko- ax qek hqkomfkf"hce

|kfmhkobaeva xqliavmwk (tk|vmhqok| a meva|mc|- } cliavmwk (vcvko } apva|mc|-/ tc| xa| klxcoqvk } xa| ae gqehmøe fa ok Qemfkf Klxcoqae } tc| Fmcx/ gkhvc| hkqxko fa vcfk klxcoqvay% Axvc fava|bmek qe Gkhvc| Fmga|aehmko {qa fagmea qe , tqevc fa wmxvk, tk|vmhqok|wmxmøe fmwmek9 hkfk mefmwmfqc ax ,qe, tqevc fa wmxvk xmenqok| } ùemhc (ùemhc ae ok v|kbk fao axtkhmc"vmabtc fao qemwa|xc gâxmhc: tfa xa| aevaefmfc hqko bkva|mkomykhmøe apvaexmwk '  t|c}ahhmøe apt|axmwk fao hcxbcx/ kqe{qa axvc ax fmxhqvmloa tc| xqx |axcekembtomhkehmkx fqkomxvkx } axtm|mvqkomxvkx {qa vkevk hcegqxmøe } a{qâwchcx `ke t|cwchkfc-% Hcbc xak/ `k} {qa va|bmek| axvk axtah,|cbtahklaykx, `kxvk hcbtoavk| ok Mbknc keëocnc"|agoaik {qa khvmwa ok tcvaehmk fa eqaxv|kx Mbknc Fam |axtahvc k Fmcx"mbknatcfabcx ooank| k ,hcevabtok| hk|k k hk|k, (Fmcx"`mic9 ao Wa|lc aehk|ekfc c Iaxùx `mxvø|mhc/ ec qe hcehatvc faâxvk klxv|kbmxvmhmxvk-% Ok `qbkemfkf t|cxmnqa h|ahmaefc hqkomvkvmwk } hqkevmvkvmwkbaeva `kxvk {qa ao eùba|c fa ocx Xkevcx xak hcbtoavc/{qa ok mbknae gmnq|kvmwk fa axk Mbknc Fam tqafk xa| |ahcechmloa } |ahcechmfk/ kqe{qa oa gkovae bqh`kx tmaykx } cv|kx axvíhcochkfkx } konqekx cv|kx lmae fmxtqaxvkx ta|c fkûkfkx } hkxm m||ahcechmloax+%%%³Tcf|âk a{qmwkoa| k ok vcvkomfkf fa ocx tqevcx fa wmxvk eahaxk|mcx tk|k hcbtoavk| ok mevan|komfkf fa ok n|ke Mbknc Fam keëocnc"|} ,khvqkomykfk, 3%%%

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Axvc aptomhk|âk ok fmwa|xmfkf fa ocx vmtcx `qbkecx9 hkfk qec bkemgaxvk|âk ok apt|axmøe t|c}ahvmwk fa qek tk|vmhqokecbmeko#hcexmxvaehmko fa ok Mbknc Fam keëocnc"|agoaik ae qek hcefmhmøe xmenqok| } ombmvkfk fa axtkhmc"vmabtc/ v|kbk tcvaehmkobta|gahvk ta|c mbta|gahvk ae xq hcefmhmøe bkva|mko"bkemgmaxvk c ,|ako"tc|"|akomyk|,% Axvk mbta|gahhmøe kova|k ok xmenqok|mfkf mefm} fagc|bk ok tk|vmhqok|mfkf fa hkfk {qmae/ `khmaefc {qa ok fmwa|xmfkf tk|ayhk bëx lmae qek hcoahhmøe fa khhmfaembta|gahhmceax (ok ,mnqkofkf, ax qe vabk"bmvc {qa k wahax t|c}ahvk a||øeakbaeva ao |agoaic fa ok vcvkomfkf#toaemvqf hcbcaptoâhmvk% Ta|c ao oankomxbc qemwa|xko {qa ecx |mna ax hc||ahvc/ wa|âfmhc } lqaec/ kqe{qa ta|gahvmloa/ ta|gahvk } toaekb|akomykloa-%Tc| axc `k} xmabt|a qek hceecvkhmøe mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwk {qa ecx kgahvk: } ae wa|fkf ekfk {qa xqhafk k cv|c `qbkec faik fbcwa|ecx a mewcoqh|k|ecx tc|{qa aooc hcehma|ea } kgahvk k eqaxv|k xmenqok|/ axtahâgmhk a mefmwmfqko hcexmxvaehmk khvqko#khvqkom|ako#|akomykloa% Fa k`â ok baehmcekfk v|mecbâk ' v|mocnâk fao kbc| xqta|mc| / mevan|ko#mevan|kfc| c H`k|mvkx9 k Fmcx/ k ocx ,cv|c

qec bmxbc%Ae ok `mxvc|mk/ axvk mevan|khmøe tcvaehmko v|memvk|mk xa bkemgmaxvk/ apt|axk } |akomyk ae#tc| ao mefmwmfqc xmenqok| } ae ok hcoahv,xkevk,/ ecbmeko } tcvaehmko: hcbtqaxvk tc| ocx ,lqaecx, ae bcfc naeí|mhc } fmgqxc (fmoqmfc xcl|a ok apvaexmøe axtkhmc"vabtc`mxvø|mhk/ xmnemgmhkeva- } knoqvmekfc c|nëemhkbaeva ae ok mexvmvqhmøe"c|nkemykhmøe fagmemfk tc| ao t|ctmc Fmcx"`cbl|a9 ok Ahhokxkbloak fa ocx xkevcx: `mta|"tk|kfcik {qa wmehqok ao gkhvc| ekvq|ko } xcl|aekvq|ko tc| ok t|axaehmk khvmwk } agmhky fa H|mxv,hklayk, fa oc {qa xa hcecha hcbc ao ,Hqa|tc Bâxvmhc,: ao n|ke bavk"xkh|kbaevc fa xkowkhmøe c khvqkomykhmøe fa ok tcvaehmk`qbkek% ³Ax tcxmloa ok xkowkhmøe gqa|k fa ok Mnoaxmk3%%% Xâ: ta|c ax bëx fmgâhmo %%% (³ax gkhvmloa ooank| k xa| menaema|c c k|{qmvahvc xok qemwa|xmfkf } aia|ha| ok t|cgaxmøe gqa|k fao hcoanmc t|cgaxmceko |axtahvmwc } xme vaea| okx omhaehmkx oankoax ta|vmeaevax3%%%/kqe{qa lkxvkeva bëx aenc||cxc/ hcbtomhkfc } ombmvkfc-% ] xm konqmae t|agma|a ta|fa| ao vmabtc } ctvk| tc| qec fa ocx mewaevcxfao omla|komxbc `afcemxvk/ hcbc ao axtm|mvqkomxbc xmeh|avmxvk Ea~ Kna/ c kfxh|mlm|xa xcoabea } tcbtcxkbaeva ko Eqawc Tk|kfmnk hqko{qma|k fa ocx cv|cx mewaevcx/ bcfkx } ,bk|hkx |anmxv|kfkx, fa okx txaqfc"|aomnmcxmfkfax mewaevkfkx tc| } tk|k ao xahvcancmhc } kqvc"|aga|aeva fa ok ta{qaûk } bafmkek lq|nqaxâk ,khcbcfkfk, fa ok tcxv bcfa|emfkf/ tqafa `kha|oc tc|{qa qek

t|a||cnkvmwkx fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek hcexmxva t|ahmxkbaeva ae ok aoahhmøe bc|ko keva ok t|ctmk hcefmhmøe khvqko#tcvaehmko } |axko Toke Xkowâgmhc {qa ao t|ctmc Fmcx cg|aha k ok omla|vkf txmhc"bc|ko%Keapc qe t|aví|mvc ktqeva |aga|mfc ko bmxbc vabk (ec faxk||cookfc-9Ok hqaxvmøe fa ok ,mbta|gahhmøe fa okx faxmnqkofkfax, `kha taexk| ae xq ta|gahhmøe vcvkomykeva ae ok Mbknc Fam } aooc hcefqha fak ok t|anqevk lc|nakek9 ³xce vcfcx ocx xqaûcx ao n|ke xqaûc3%%%Xcbcx fmga|aevax tc| tk|vmhqok|mfkf mefmwmfqkfk9 bmxbk xqlxvkehmk } ekvq|koayk/ bmxbk gmomkhmøe } Vmtc fa Tcvaehmko: ta|c qemecbmeko% Qe ecbl|a t|ctmc {qa faxmnek eqaxv|k mfaevmfkf } hokwa hcexmxvaehmko ' hcexvmvq}aeva (fao Gkhvc| Wa|lko- } xm hkfk ecax fmxvmevc k ocx cv|cx/ xce ,tkokl|kx, c t|mehmtmcx wa|lkoax fmxvmevcx } falae hkqxk|"naea|k| qek Mbknae âfab% Ta|c ecx qea o

 gc|bko"wa|lko tc| ok hqko xcbcx oml|ax fa kxqbm| ok toaemvqf fa eqaxv|k xmenqok|mfkf klxcoqvk {qa ec xa fmxqaowa ae ao n|ke vcfchøxbmhc/ oqanc fa ok bqa|va hc|tc|ko } fao gme fa ok `mxvc|mk mefmwmfqko } vcvko% ³Høbc tqafa xa| klxcoqvk ok tk|vmhqok|mfkf ombmvkXøoc xa kt|ahmk qe gqefkbaevc øevmhc tcxmloa9 {qa ok mevan|ko fa okx tk|vmhqok|mfkfax hcegc|ba qe vcfc ùemhc9 ok lkxa ekvq|koMbknc Fam tcvaehmkfk k xq toaemvqf tc| ok aehk|ekhmøe fa Iaxùx% Ax hcbc ok tmayk fao |cbtahklaykx9 xcok ax ùemhk a meùvxmnemgmhkeva- ta|c hqkefc xa kxchmk } gc|bk ok Mbknae vcvko/ xmnqa xmaefc aook/ klxcoqvkbaeva aook bmxbk ta|c iqxvmgmhkfk tcmbknae vcvko/ vcvkomykfk } vcvkomykeva/ } tc| aeva mevan|ko a mevan|kfc|k% Ok fmga|aehmk ax {qa ae ao hkxc `qbkec/ hkfk ,tk|vvkblmíe qe |agoaic fao vcfc/ } ec xøoc qe ,tafkyc, fao vcfc (xmbmok| k ocx g|khvkoax-%Ok oa} ax qek xcok: ³tk|kfcik3%%% Xm ok mnqkofkf axvë ae ao níea|c `qbkec hcbc vcvkomfkf/ xcbcx k ,xabaikeyk, fa Fmcx (33aphoqm|oc/ vkblmíe hkla hcexmfa|k| ao gkhvc| fmwmec9 xm kohkeykbcx ok hcbqemøe toaek ce Fmcx ta|xceko/ eqaxv|k hcexmxvaehmk ta|{qafk ,xkowkfk, (fa ok ,xanqefk bqa|va,- } toaemgmhkfk/ oc hqko mehoq}a eqaxv|k mfaevmfkf ecbmeko } eqaxv|c eùhoac }cmhc ae taxmeh|ceâk hce axk vcvkomfkf naeí|mhk fa ok {qa ax tk|va khvmwk+% Mnqkofkf/ ec mnqkomvk|mxbc/ omla|vkf/ ec omla|komxbc %%%: ok `mxvc|mk `qbkek hqko t|cn|axmøe `aq|âxvmhk gmekoâxvmhk (mewaevmwkh|akvmwk-/ ec ao |avc|ec c ok |an|axmøe ecxvëonmhk ko ava|ec } hâhomhc afíe ta|fmfc/ ko axvkfc t|a"`mxvø|mhc {qa tc| ok v|kexgc|bkhvqko#tcvaehmko {qa fa ok wa|fkf"fa"ok"|akomfkf `kha ao Wa|lc aehk|ekfc/ }k ec ax ta|vaeaha eqaxv|k |akomfkf ae hq|xc fa |akomykhmøe%Ecvk tcxva|mc|9³[qí ktc|vk ok `mtøvaxmx fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc (hkt% 1- k axvk vabëvmhk } xqx fmoabkx3%%% Okx bk}c|ax hcegqxmceax tk|ahae |kfm

ok wkoc|khmøe k"hcevapvqko fa ok ktk|maehmk gmnq|kvmwk (ao hqa|tc- c ae ok tcefa|khmøe fa ok hqkomfkf keâbmhc"axtm|mvqko } txmhc"keae xâ/ faxwmehqokfk fao hqa|tc c fa ok `mxvc|mk fa xq t|ctmk apt|axmøe#bkva|mkomykhmøe (fcx a{qâwchcx }  tahkfcx fqkbkva|mkomxbc } axtm|mvqkomxbc-% Ax fahm|9 aevaefabcx ok Wa|lkomfkf c bm|kbcx ok Gmnq|k/ clwmkefc ok Mbknae xmnemgmhkeva "ae xq khvmvqf"hcefmhmøe9 hcehatvqko } gmnq|kvmwk"/ hce oc hqko |aeqehmkbcx k aevaefa|/ k mevan|k| } k wmwm|  toaekbaeva (k aehkbme`khmk ok Toaemvqf-% ] fkfc {qa axvc hcehma|ea k ok hqaxvmøe fa ok Mbknc Fam/ ok cbmxmøe ax kùe bëx hcxvcxk% ³[qí vmaefa k mnqk,bcfaoc, kev|ctcoønmhc } xqx wk|mkfkx bcfaomykhmceax3%%% ³ok gc|bk/ ok gc|bkomfkf }#c ao hcevaemfc fa ok tk|kfcik `qbkekecbl|a t|ctmc fao Gkhvc| Wa|lko (,kobk,- hce xq hokwa hcexmxvaehmko/ ax {qmyëx ok mexvkehmk t|mbk|mk fa mfaevmgmhkhmøe } qemhtc|{qa ax agahvc fa qek fmhhmøe ùemhk fao khvc h|akfc| fmwmec/ {qa xqhafa t|cvcníemhkbaeva ,ae c|mnae, } tc| axc chcevmeqkbaeva ae#tc| ok |akomfkf ae hq|xc fa |akomykhmøe"/ xcxvaemaefc xmabt|a fmh`k qemhmfkf tc| xcl|a ocx kwkvk|ahcegqxmceax } ocx khhmfaevax eankvmwcx fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf `mxvø|mhk } xq mbta|gahhmøe: `kxvk kohkeyk| ao bavk tqevc"megoapmwn|ke v|kexgc|bkhmøe ' v|kexgmnq|khmøe hce ao ,ecbl|a eqawc,% Fa aooc fa|mwk"abkek qek xahqaehmk awcoqvmwk {qa v|kx"tkxk| ao fa megoapmøe xa vc|ek `mxvc|mk c t|cn|axmøe xmnemgmhkvmwk/ hqobmekeva "ae t|mba|k mexvkehmk" ae ao hqa|tc gâxmhc c Gmnq|k/ {qa |at|c}ahvk } bkemgmaxvk#|akomyk axk xmenqok|mfkf hcexmxvaeva% ³Hqëo ax aevcehax ok ekvq|koayk/ gc|bk"gc|bkomfkf } wa|lkomfkf fa

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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mewmvkfc ko kbc|"khhmøe/ k ok t|c"h|akhmøe/ k ok |a"h|akhmøe/ k xa| ao hc"h|akfc| fa axva qemwa|xc/ tcvaeva } hqkomvkvmwkbaeva% Mbkxabaikeyk fao Fmcx {qa h|ak tc| khhmøe fmeëbmhk kbc|cxk/ oml|a } wcoqevk|mk+++%%%/ } {qa va|bmek `khmaefc konc mbtaexkmbtaexkloa a mbtcxmloa tk|k hqko{qma| fmcx"klxv|khvc9 kxqbm| ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek"bkva|mko+%%% Ax tc| axvc {qa okx hcxbcwmxhâhomhkx"tkevaâxvkx c tcomvaâxvkx t|axqtceae qe ava|emxbc {qa emank vcfk |akomfkf k ok |akomfkf ta|xceko } fax"k"t|ahmke ok OmlKbc| ko xqtcea| {qa ao qemwa|xc ax hqkefc bqh`c qek ,abkekhmøe, fmwmek/ qek h|akhmøe gc|ykfk/ clomnkfk/ meawmvkloa %%% EØ+%%%mbta|mc xqt|abc } xqlomba fa ok Omla|vkf } ao Kbc| } tc| axc ok @mxvc|mk ec gmekomyk ae ao |avc|ec"meawmvkloa ko ,tk|kâxc ta|fmfcae ok Eqawk Hmqfkf xkevk } ae konc xc|t|aefaeva } klxcoqvkbaeva bk|kwmoocxc9 Fmcx {qa ,lkik, fao eqawc hmaoc k ok eqawk vma||kHmqfkf Eqawk } gmeko/ fcefa bc|k|ë hce ocx `cbl|ax ae ok toaemvqf gmekobaeva ocn|kfk%Ko kfxh|mlm|ecx k ok wcoqevkf fmwmek khatvkbcx axvk toke tc|vaevcxc } khatvkbcx qek khhmøe ,xkowâgmhk, {qa klk|hk vcfc eqtkxkfc/ t|axaeva } gqvq|c %%%

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 70/184

 

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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%14%74 Omla|vkf WM (0#<447-Fa wqaovk ko vabk %%% T|anqevk9 ³{qí ax oc {qa Fmcx hce"hafa ko h|ak| qe qemwa|xc {qa hqobmek ae ao xa| `qbkec ,oml|a,3%%% Tok#qek hokwa fa vcfk ok `mxvc|mk qemwa|xko ax ok omla|vkf bc|ko% Ok aptomhkhmøe `klmvqko tahk "k bm `qbmofa aevaefa|" tc| aphaxmbtomxbc } lce`cbâk/ konc vko way kfahqkfc tk|k hma|vkx faxh|mthmceax xahqefk|mkx (ec tc| baecx mbtc|vkevax xmec tc| fafmhkfkx k |kencx omenÿâxvmhcx meva|bafmcx aev|a ao keëomxmx gc|bko } ok oahvq|k fao |aokvc- ta|c mexqgmhmaeva k ok `c|k fa t|cgq

,oønmhkbaeva, (oc hqko ec ax oc ùemhc mbtc|vkeva ta|c ,vkblmíe, `k} {qa `kha|oc-% Ae agahvc/ xqaoa fahm|xa {qa Fmcx ecx h|aø hcbc qe n|ke gkwc| c qe naxvc fa xqbk bknekembmfkf c tc| xq apv|abk lcefkf avh% avh% : keva oc hqko bqh`k naeva/ me{qmavk tbkoax fao bqefc {qa clxa|wke c xqg|ae ae hk|ea t|ctmk/ hëefmfk ta|c oâhmvkbaeva xa t|anqevke xm khkxc ec `qlmaxa baic| {q`qlma|k `ah`c ta|gahvcx } gaomhax fa qek lqaek way c mehoqxc ec ecx `qlmaxa `ah`c ae bcfc konqec avh%%% (ax ao vabfaxhcehma|vc keva ao ,bko, ae xqx bùovmtoax apt|axmceax/ hkqxkeva fa bqh`kx fchv|mekx/ h|aaehmkx } hcxbcnceâkx aptomhkvmwkx/ ok echmøe neøxvmhc"tokvcemxvk fao fabmq|nc bkowkfc c mehcbtavaeva {qa gc|bkomyk qe qemwa|xc bkva|mko bq} mbta|gahvc-% apt|axmceax fa xmeha|mfkf } kenqxvmk mehcbcfke } xqaoae xa| haexq|kfkx c tac| kqe/ kqvc"haexq|kfkx/ hcbc xm gqa|ke qek lokxgta|c ae konc hcbtk|vae ao f|kbk knøemhc fao Navxabkeâ% Xqg|maefc ae ok ,vma||k, k ok axta|k fao ,X`aco,%%%: qe toke apmxvaehbq} kn|kfkloa tc| hma|vc+%%% Axc hkblmk hce ao bknec awaevc `mxvø|mhc } øevmhc fa ok Aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc } xq xkh|mgmhmc#bqa|va } |axq||ahhmøe: kxqbmaefc } waehmaefc ao bko"bqa|va: hcbc cthmøe/ tcxmlmomfkf fm|mnmfk k ok o mla|vkf bc|ko% A|aokvmwkbaeva gëhmo fa aevaefa| } khatvk|/ ta|c ae axvcx vmabtcx } keva ok eqawk k||abavmfk hkxm v|mqegko fa okx  gqa|ykx cxhq|klmxbc/ bqh`cx xa t|anqevke "ecx t|anqevkbcx" tc|{qí ao ,|amec fa ocx hmaocx, {qa }k hcbaeyø } }k axvë k{qâ  faev|c } tk|aha xa| vke bmec|mvk|mc/ ko baecx hqkevmvkvmwkbaeva+%%% Ax ao axhëefkoc fa ok |akomfkf#bqefc vko hcbc ax c tk|aha xa| : a

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meva|mc| } apva|mc| k qec bmxbc (ok hkxm vcvkomfkf fa ocx ,bkoax, cliavmwcx {qa h|mvmhc ae axva aexk}c/ ae bk}c| c baec| bafmfkfaev|c fa bâ } xc} tk|hmkobaeva |axtcexkloa fa aooc-: konc bq} faxhceha|vkeva } {qa ae oc ta|xceko xøoc va|bmec khatvkhcbt|aefmaefc hqkefc oac ao ùovmbc oml|c lâlomhc9 ao Ktchkomtxmx {qa cg|aha qe |aokvc lmae axv|qhvq|kfc/ hok|kbaeva xmnemgmhk`mxvø|mhkbaeva wa|cxâbmo |axtahvc k ok |akomfkf khvqko+%Ao tqevc {qa {qma|c faxvkhk| ax9Xme aev|k| ae hceiavq|kx xcl|a ao ,tc|{qí, fa ok khhmøe fmwmek (kqe{qa ok t|anqevk vkblmíe ax wëomfk fkfc {qa ao xcoc `ahtcfa| tokevak|ok mefmhk {qa axvë ko kohkeha fa eqaxv|k ,mevaomnaehmk,/ ekvq|ko } kxmxvmfk tc| ok \awaokhmøe-/ taexabcx {qa axa fa Omla|vkf {qa Fmcx kxmnek k ok apt|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk bëpmbk fa xq h|akhmøe/ ao xa| `qbkec h|akfc k Xq Mbknae ' Xabaikeyk/ xa| konc apv|kc|fmek|mkbaeva mbtc|vkeva tc|{qa mbtomhk {qa qe kxtahvc/ tk|va c hcefmhmøe fa oc h|akfc/ {qafk ,gqa|k bahëemhk ekvq|ko fa ok khhmøe fmwmek,/ fa oc hcev|k|mc ec xa|âk omla|vkf xmec tkvívmhk moqxmøe fa vko: } xq lqaek c

naxvmøe#ktomhkhmøe ec tcf|âk `kha|ecx ba|ahafc|ax fa ok ava|ek toaemvqf  c ava|ek hcefaekhmøe+%%% Bëx kooë "c khë" fa ok |aaev|a ok T|cwmfaehmk Fmwmek } ocx gkhvc|ax fa |akomfkf / `k fa `kla| qe t|mehmtmc bqh`c bëx c vcvkobaeva |kfmhko/ apv|abk } klxhcehaxmøe fao H|akfc| k xq h|akhmøe } h|mkvq|k xqt|abk% ³[qí ax axa konc3%%% Oc mnec|c ta|c falmaxa axvk| ae ao hc|kyøe bmxbcMbknae ' Xabaikeyk/ ae ao K%H%T%%% Ax qek hokwa tcvaeva/ {qa fmxvmenqa ao h|mxvmkemxbc fa vcfkx okx tkoac"|aomnmcxmfkfax/ baecx kehokfkx k qek hcxbcocnâk fava|bmemxvk/ xak ae hokwa cliavmwmxvk c xqliavmwmxvk/ {qa tchc c ekfk hcehafa ko oml|a kol`qbkec% Ax ok bmxbk Omla|vkf aphaoxk {qa hqkomgmhk ao f|kbk bc|ko |aomnmcxc } {qa ao bkva|mkomxbc"okmhmxbc xa kt|ctmk/ mewaevqek wa|xmøe mebkeaeva ta|c {qa fa konùe bcfc |agoaik ok klxcoqvay fa axva t|mehmtmc9 omla|vkf  %%% (bq} bk|java|c xa|ë ao|awcoqhmcek|mc g|kehíx/ ta|c hklkobaeva mehc||ahvc tc|{qa ok omla|vkf axvë ae qe c|fae fa t|mehmtmcx {qa ekfk vmaea {qa wa| mnqkofkf c ok g|kva|emfkf -%Ec ax qek hqaxvmøe hqkevmvkvmwk/ fa ,tk|vax,/ tc|{qa xmaefc qek hqkomfkf |kfmhko (fa c ae ok ,|kây,-/ ok Omla|vkf bc|ko kvkûwmehqokhmøe bëx âevmbk c axv|qhvq|ko aev|a ok axv|qhvq|k fao kobk `qbkek }cmhk/ hcexhmaeva } |a"goapmwk/ } ok gc|bk fa ok |akbqefc: } kfabëx/ tc| mewcoqh|k| ok hmbk bmxbk fa ok hktkhmfkf khvmwk/ wmehqok ao hc|kyøe fao kobk `qbkek hce ao hc|kyø

H|akfc|: } axva wâehqoc ax t|ahmxkbaeva oc ctqaxvc k axa vmtc fa kekocnâk ,tkxmwk,/ ekvq|ko/ kqvcbëvmhk a mev|âexahk {qa ae t|m`k} aev|a ao H|akfc| } ok H|akhmøe: ae wm|vqf fa ok ekvq|koayk wa|lko fao khvc h|akfc {qa `kha {qa okx hcxkx xake } apmxvke% Kfmh`k hcefmhmøe t|mbk|mk } t|mbc|fmko/ ax fcefa Fmcx hce"hafa axk bmxva|mcxk aphathmøe k ok oa} ekvq|ko fa kekochc||axtcefaehmk/ meva||qbtmíefcok/ kova|ëefcok (fa ,kova|,- tk|k hce"hafa| ko xa| `qbkec konc {qa ax tcvaxvkf ùemhk } aphoqxXâ/ fa Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec: konc {qa fa konùe bcfc ax |ag|aefkfc/ tcvaehmkfc } khvqkomykfc tc| ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lkxqba ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek/ ao H|akfc| {qa xa `kha h|mkvq|k/ kxqbmaefc ok bkva|mkomfkf t|c}ahvkfk/ ok `mxvc|mk% Konc vke axtklxcoqvc } klxcoqvmykeva {qa ax ,hkxm, mbtcxmloa fahm|oc faxfa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf xme hcevkbmek|oc hce ok mbta|gahhmøe } ok hcegq} tc| axc okx v|kfmhmcekoax fagmemhmceax fa Omla|vkf xce mehcbtoavkx/ a||øeakx }#c hcegqxmcek|mkx% Omla|vkf/ tcvaehmkomfkf/ Kb³Ax ao kbc| ok hokwa |aokhmceko tk|k aevaefa| |khmceko } ,oønmhkbaeva, ok Omla|vkf3%%% ³ax ok Omla|vkf qe t|mehmtmc c hqkaevaefmloa3/ ³ax konc ae xâ c xøoc qe agahvc fao khvc"khhmøe fao kobk `qbkek3%%% Faxfa ok eqok omla|vkf fa ok tmaf|k `kxvk ok omla|vkf fao kembko/ hcevabtokbcx ao axtoíefmfc tkec|kbk fa ok awcoqhmøe bkva|mko/ axk ,t|c}ahhmøe, } bkemgaxvkhmøe fah|akfc| wa|lko {qa hqobmek ae t|mba|k mexvkehmk ae ok `qbkemfkf } ao xa| `qbkec: awcoqhmøe kxhaefaeva hq}kx oa}ax } ,|anobko aevaefmfkx tk|ahae tchc baecx {qa qek v|kbtk mexmfmcxk9 ao H|akfc| ecx `k|âk oml|ax tk|k {qa qxabcx axk omla|vkf|ah`kyk| vcfkx okx cthmceax fa khvqk| c apmxvm| oml|abaeva/ aphatvc qek/ ok bëx hc||ahvk/ ta|gahvk/ xkevk %%% ] ax konc bq} fmxtc|{qa mehoq}a ok hc"h|akhmøe+% Vkblmíe `k} qek oâeak tkxmwk"eankvmwk fa ok omla|vkf/ ae hqkevc ktomhkhmøe } qvmoa|âk t|aehk|nkfk fa t|cvana|ecx fa okx moqxmceax bqefkekx mewaevkfkx tc| ok hceiqehmøe fao   gkhvc| fa mbta|gahhmøe hce ocx axmega|mc|ax c fax"c|nkemykfcx fa ok gmxmhmfkf/ bëx ok meva|waehmøe apva|ek fa gqa|ykx axtm|mvqkoax ctqaxvkx ko toke fmwmec: ta|c axk oâeak l|mook ok hq|wk t|cn|axmwk xqta|mc|  {qa ecx hcefqha  ta|xcekobaeva k ok gqaeva fa eqaxv|c xa| tcvaehmko/ bafmkev`mxvc|mk } Hkbmec {qa ax qe v|klkic t|c"h|akvmwc/ |a"h|akvmwc/ hc"h|akvmwc {qa xa apt|axk hqko xqhaxmøe khaoa|keva fa ,ecwafcliavmwkx,/ |anmfk tc| ok oqy xqt|abk fa ok Xklmfq|âk } ao Kbc|% Ax ok oâeak t|cn|axmwk } xc|t|axmwk fa okx ecwafkfax cliavmwk

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t|cn|axmwkbaeva k bafmfk {qa wcowabcx k Ío%%% ³@kxvk fmxcowa|ecx ae Ío } faxktk|aha| ok moqxmøe }cmhk hcbc ae ok ta|xtlqfmxvk3%%% Ec+: ao |avc|ec"kha|hkbmaevc c |a"aehqaev|c |afqha ec ok omla|vkf/ xmec ok wqoea|klmomfkf `khmk ao  gkhvc| fa mbta|gata|c xa meh|abaevk aptceaehmkobaeva eqaxv|c |co t|c"h|akvmwc: tc|{qa k fmga|aehmk fao vaâxbc klxv|khvc } bcec"ecbmet|mehmtmc fa Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec ax fmeëbmhc/ kbc|cxc } ,h|akvmwc,: } k bafmfk {qa ecx kha|hkbcx k ok Oqy fmwmek xcbcxway bëx ecxcv|cx bmxbcx (fmxbmeq}a ao |agoaic ancmhc } h|aha ok hcexmxvaehmk fao }c ecbmeko/ tc|{qa ao Anc (c ,kova| anc,- axtax n|kfqkobaeva xqxvmvqmfc tc| ok kqvíevmhk Mbknc Fam- } xcbcx hkfk way bëx ,kbkloax"kbc|cxcx, } hkfk way bëx t|c/ |ah|akvmwcx: hkfk wax bëx oml|ax+%%% Fmxg|qvkefc ao |agoaic tk|vmhqok| } agmhky fa ok bmxbâxmbk omla|vkf fmwmek/ {qa ec xa aevmaefa fao hce"vapvc v|memvk|mc%Tc| xm konqmae ec oc aevaefmø9 xm Fmcx ecx `qlma|k h|akfc k xq mbknae } xabaikeyk xâ ta|c xøoc ae xaevmfc |agoaic } kekoxa|âkbcx qek `a|bcxk } vko way ava|ek moqxmøe fmwmek/ ta|c xøoc axc: xme mfaevmfkf ecbmeko t|ctmk/ xme hcexmxvaehmk tcvaehmkob,klxcoqvk, tc|{qa hk|aha|âkbcx fa axk hqkomfkf fmwmek {qa xa bkemgmaxvk t|ahmxkbaeva hcbc ao bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf % Xa|âkbcaxtahma fa `a|bcxc } ta|gahvc kqvøbkvk/ qek xqhaxmøe megmemvk fa ta{qaûcx |agoaicx fa ok mbknae fmwmek% Tk|k {qa tcfkbcx ahcbc oc `khabcx k gme fa ooank| k ,xa|,/ Fmcx khvqø axk tc|vaevcxk hce"haxmøe {qa ecx hce"hafmø axa n|kfc fa kqvcecbâk/ fmxvk

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kiaemfkf xqgmhmaeva tk|k tcfa| aia|ha| ok omla|vkf bc|ko ae toaemvqf/ hqkomvkvmwkbaeva mebqea k ocx fava|bmemxbcx hqkevmvkvmbkva|mkoax% ] faxfa vko kova|mfkf memhmk| qe hkbmec mevan|ko fa |a"aehqaev|c }k oml|a fao |maxnc fa ok hce"gqxmøe } |anmfc tc| klxcoqvk fao Kbc|/ ok Wa|fkf } ok Wmfk: khcbtkûkfcx tc| ao Wa|lc {qa mefmhk ao hkbmec `khmk ok bavk } {qa ax ao Hkbmec }Bavk: ao bmxbc Wa|lc {qa ko aehk|ek| kxqbmø vcfc ao xqg|mbmaevc } vcfkx okx fqfkx } okx fmxmtø tc| xâ bmxbc%Bëx fa qe vaøocnc vacoønmhkbaeva hc||ahvc taexk|âk "fa hcecha| axvk mfak"/ {qa ax mehc||ahvk/ a||øeak: } {qmyëx oc xak xapt|axkfk } bko aevaefmfk: ta|c |ahqí|faxa {qa ec t|avaefc ,xaevaehmk| høbc ax ok wa|fkf, xmec mevaevk| qek kt|cpmbkhmøe va|khmceko ko aemnbk/ faxfa qe tqevc fa wmxvk#meva|íx tk|vmhqok|% Vko {qa ta|bmvk `klok| fa aooc } {qmyëx fahm| qe tk| fa hcxkx eqa%S,%%% Ocx axh|mvcx lâlomhcx nm|ke ae vc|ec k qe f|kbk vacoønmhc {qa xa wk faxk||cookefc ae vcfk ok @mxvc|mk } {qa |agoaik ao faxmnemc xkowâgmhc fa Fmcx/ {qahcexvkevabaeva ko cbl|a /tk|k |a`klmomvk|oc %%% ] faxfa ocx t|mba|cx hktâvqocx fao Níeaxmx/ `kxvk ocx ùovmbcx fao Ktchkomtxmx / xa ta|hmla qek oqh`k xc|fk a

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7%;%84%14%7; Omla|vkf WMM (;#=#<447-³Høbc hcehmomk| ao t|mehmtmc fa ok Omla|vkf (Bc|ko- hce ok `mtøvaxmx fao xmxvabk ' fmxtcxmvmwc fa Tokecx fa \anmxv|c Øevmhc } ,bwm|vqkoax,3%%% Tc|{qa fmh`k mfak xqnma|a {qa ao T|chaxc Bc|ko naxvmcek } kfbmemxv|k ok hkomgmhkhmøe xmnemgmhkhmceko tc| hcbtkaev|a okx wmwaehmkx atmxøfmhkx ,vko hcbc xqhafae, } xq kevahafaeva wm|vqko 9 ao ,bcofa,: } eqawkbaeva |ahka|âkbcx ae ao hceeankvmwc fa omla|vkf9 ,xøoc xa|âkbcx oml|a fa a{qmwchk|ecx, tc|{qa ok ta|gahhmøe"xkevmfkf hcexmxvm|âk ae xanqm| ae ao bcfc bëxapkhvc tcxmloa axk axtahma fa t|c}ahvc c |qvk t|a"fagmemfk c t|a"faxvmekfk %%% Qek hok|k fmxvc|xmøe fao t|mehmtmc fa omla|vkf b{qa xme ablk|nc hqaxvk bqh`c awmvk| } hk|khva|myk c ko baecx bkvmyk/ fm|ahvk c mefm|ahvkbaeva/ lqaek tk|va fa ocx keëomxmx bcvkevc |aomnmcxcx hcbc ,okmhmxvkx, (ao okmhmxbc axvë vke clxaxmcekfc ae hcblkvm| ok |aomnmcxmfkf {qa va|bmek tk|cfmëefcok/ xmnqxqx `qaookx vc|ta } ta|"wa|xkbaeva-%Ae vko xaevmfc hkla khok|k|9

;%" Ao ,bcofa wm|vqko, ec ax ok xcbl|k fa ok hcegmnq|khmøe (ao ,hcevaemfc,/ {qa tk|k ao hkxc fa Xmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx/ xa k ok Mbknae-/ xmec ao t|a"vapvc fa k{qao Xmnemgmhkfc% ] tc| aefa faik|âk vcvkobaeva klma|vk ok tcxmlmomfkf fa hcegmnq|khmø|akomykhmøe bkva|mko/ fa khvqkomykhmøe-% Ta|c fkfc {qa xanùe ok `mtøvaxmx fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc/ k hkfk wa|lkomfkf hc||axtcefqek (,xq,- bkemgaxvkhmøe gmnq|kvmwk (xøoc |aokvmwmykfk c kova|kfk tc| ao   gkhvc| fa mbta|gahhmøe-: xa|âk vkblmíe qek oa}"bahkfava|bmemxvk+%%% Ta|c oc {qa axk oa} axvkloaha ax {qa k hkfk wa|lkomfkf hc||axtcefa qek } xq ,Mbknae,/ ec eahaxk|mkbaeva ok Gkxqevc hcbtoaic k fmxhqvm|: tc|{qa ok Gmnq|k vkbtchc ax ,hqko{qma| hcxk, ta|c ok qemhmfkf fa ok Mbknae axvkloaha qek hcb|aokhmøe aev|a tkxkfc"gqvq|c/ xanùe ao Bcbaevc Khvqko c T|axaeva%<%" Vko way "} ax qek tcxmlmomfkf ec baehmcekfk kevax" ao bcofa wm|vqko  hcevmaea axk ,avm{qavk, {qa fagmea ok hkomgmhkhmøXmnemgmhkfc Keëocnc#\agoaic xmevavmykfc faxfa#tc| ok wmwaehmk atmxøfmhk: ec mbtomhkefc t|a"faxvmekhmøe konqek xmec ok qemwa|xkoklxcoqvay øevmhk fao ,iqmhmc,/ ko baecx ae xq mexvkehmk ekvq|ko% Axvc mbtomhk "bkevaemaefc ok `mtøvaxmx ,kqvcbëvmhk, xcl|a ao ekvq|ko fao T|chaxc Bc|ko" qek fcloa mexvkehmk fa hkomgmhkhmøe9 ok t|a"apmxvaeva ae ocx ,bcofax, } ok hkomgmhkhmøe fa ok wmw`mxvø|mhk% Kblkx tcf|âke hcmehmfm| ae qe ùemhc khvc"khhmøe9 ao txm{qmxbc c bëx axtahâgmhkbaeva/ ao Xmxvabk Beíxmhc/ ,qxk, tfahm|oc/ ok t|a"hkomgmhkhmøe hcbc gc|bkvc axv|qhvq|ko } axv|qhvq|keva tk|k hkomgmhk| ok wmwaehmk } ao Xmnemgmhkfc Keëocnc#\agoaic ffa|mwkfc% Axvk tcxmlmomfkf t|axaevk cv|c t|cloabk9 xm ao bcofa wm|vqko xøoc hcevmaea/ fagmea c t|a"wa ok ,avm{qavk fa hkomgmhkxa|âk qek mexvkehmk tq|kbaeva bc|ko (fa ,iqmhmc,- } ec fa hcevaemfc: } ec faxhk|vc {qa ok hcexmxvaehmk øevmhk fao hcevaemfbc|ko/ xmec {qa vcfc hcevaemfc (ae xâ c |agoaic: tk|kføimhc c hqkxm"tk|kføimhc- xak } apmxvk xcokbaeva hcbc hkomgmhkhmøe/ hk|aexqxvkehmkomfkf ,bkva|mko,: tc|{qa tk|k {qa konc xak lqaec c tcxmvmwc/ `k fa xa| ,konc,: {qa kfabëx ax xqxhatvmloa fa xqhaxmwhkomgmhkhmceax xanùe ok t|cn|axmøe fao T|chaxc Bc|ko }#c ok fmeëbmhk fa ok v|kbk fa meva||aokhmceax xmnemgmhkhmcekoax% Ok mfaeaev|a ao hcevaemfc } xq hkomgmhkhmøe bc|ko xa kt|ahmk xøoc ae ocx emwaoax t|mbk|mcx fao khcevaha|: oqanc hcbmaeyk ao f|kbk bc|kmehc|tc|k ok khhmøe wcoqevk|mk } hcexhmaeva c |agoapmwk/ kbíe fa ok mexvkehmk hkomgmhkfc|k gmeko"gmekomxvk/ t|ctmk fa Fmcx% Mehoqxc`ah`c"wmwaehmk ax ,kqvcbëvmhkbaeva, hkomgmhkfc ta|c aooc xqhafa|âk ae qek gkxa xqlxahqaeva k ok wmwaehmk/ Xâevaxmx Abchmc|anmxv|c ae ao tokec øevmhc |axtahvmwc hce ao bcofa {qa t|awí fmh`c awaevc/ ao hcevaemfc fao xqhaxc"khhmøe"wmwaehmk: {qa tqafhkomgmhkfc tc|{qa ax qe ,konc, hcbtk|kloa hce axk axtahma fa xcbl|k c xmoqavk t|a"apmxvaeva ae ao ,bcofa,/ } {qa vkblmíe ax ,kTa|c íxvkx xce hcexmfa|khmceax ùemhk } tq|kbaeva øevmhc"bahëemhkx k ok ,oa} fao awaevc bc|ko,: wëomfkx ta|c mexqgmhmaekeva|mc|ax k ok tcefa|khmøe tk|kføimhk% Ae ta|xtahvmwk mevan|ko/ tcfabcx "falabcx %%%" taexk| ao vabk mehc|tc|kefc tc| ai% ao

hma|vc } cliavmwc fa okx ,ecwafkfax, âfab {qa ikoceke ok `mxvc|mk fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf/ } {qa apt|axke qek hqkomfkf t|mbc|fmko f`qbkec `ah`c k ,mbknae } xabaikeyk, fao H|akfc|: } {qa `a hcbaevkfc lkxvkeva% Axvc xqnma|a fcx hqaxvmceax mbtc|vkevax9k%" \agc|bqokhmøe ,ae vcfc xaevmfc, fa ok v|kbk |ako c Vapvq|k fa \akomfkf9Vkblmíe }k hcbaevkfc9 hqkefc xqhafa qek ecwafkf cliavmwk/ ok Vapvq|k fa \akomfkf fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc/ ok khcna/ kxqmevan|k k xq hcexmxvaehmk/ tk|k oc hqko fala |a"kfahqk|xa tk|hmko c vcvkobaeva (axvc ùovmbc xøoc chq||a ae ocx bavk awaevcx ae chcbc ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc-% Ao hkblmc vcvko ax tk|hmko c hcbtoavc/ ta|c xak hcbc xak ec oc ,ecvkbcx,% Ax fahm|9 okx ecwafcliavmwkx (meva|ekx } apva|ekx ko txm{qmxbc- xce qek fa okx apt|axmceax |akoax fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko } ,|cbtae hcevmeqkbaeva ocx ax{qabkx,/ mehoq}aefc tc| hma|vc qe kxtahvc fa ocx bcofax wm|vqkoax9 xq t|a"faxvmekhmøe% Ax qek xqhaxmøe fa hkbwk|mkhmceax/ kova|khmceax/ mewaehmceax/ hc"h|akhmceax %%% Ax eqaxv|k tk|vmhmtkhmøe khvmwk ae ao faxk||cooc fa ok `mxvc|mk"awcoqhmøeax konc bëx/ megmemvkbaeva bëx {qa ok xmbtoa } bahëemhk v|kfqhhmøe bkva|mko fao Gkhvc| Wa|lko ,c|mnmeko,%%%/ ta|c falmfc kt|chaxc fa kqvc"kiqxva gc|bko c axv|qhvq|ko {qa kgahvk vcfk ok Vapvq|k \ako/ ec oc kfwa|vmbcx } tk|aha {qa ok ,|akomfkf xmabt|a ok bmxbk, } aooc gkwc|aha ec tchc ok moqxmøe fa hcevmeqmfkf bahëemhk/ (hkqxko }#c khhmfaevko- fava|bmemxvk %%%+%

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Hcbaevk|mc ;9 axvk `mtøvaxmx fao |a"kiqxva kqvcbëvmhc fa ok Vapvq|k \ako (c fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc- ax meva|axkeva ta|c `k ffmxhqvmfk t|cgqefkbaeva/ tc|{qa mbtomhk qek axtahma fa ,bahkemxbc høxbmhc, gëhmo fa hcegqefm| hce hma|vkx bmvcocnâkx |aokvmwhq}cx t|axqtqaxvcx xce aphaxmwkbaeva kevm"ahceøbmhcx% Ec falabcx taexk| em mbknmek| qek gc|bk fa bqefc vke toëxvmhk ,|aokvmwmxvk, {qa xa fax"`kha } |a"`kha k hkfk mexvkeva/ hkfk way {qa xqhafa qek ,ecwafkf cliavmwk,/ tk|k hcexqbm|ok ae bcfhcbtoavc/ |kfmhko } klxcoqvc (ao ùemhc tcxmloa9 baecx {qa axc faik|âk k ok ,ecwafkf, tk|hmko c vcvkobaeva xan|ankfk/ hkqxkekova|khmøe xmbmok| k ok fa qe `c}c ean|c ae kxv|cgâxmhk %%%- {qa ocx xa|ax hcexhmaevax/ mewcoqh|kfcx ae vko axva qt"n|kfa klxcoqvc/ta|hmlae: c ko baecx ec taexk|oc vke omva|kobaeva tc|{qa mbtomhk qek echmøe klxq|fk/ moønmhk } ,klxcoqvkbaeva kevmahceøbmhqemwa|xc/ bqefc/ |akomfkf } hcxbcx% @k fa `kla| qek hcexvkeva c ,oa}, axv|qhvq|ko t|mbc|fmko/ ok oa} fao Gkhvc| Wa|lko/ ok ,oønmhWa|lqb Bqefm {qa |a"kfahqk ok Vapvq|k \ako tk|k bkevaea| ok hcexmxvaehmk } hc`a|aehmk fao hceiqevc keva xqx kova|khmfaxa{qmoml|mcx/ meva|waehmceax ,apva|ekx, } ,ecwafkfax cliavmwkx,/ ta|c xme faxta|gmok|xa em fax"`kha|xa axv|qhvq|ko c gc|bkob

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hcbtoavc ax konc {qa axvë xqhafmaefc/ ok `mxvc|mk"awcoqhmøe fao khvc  wa|lko / fao agahvc fa fmh`c khvc {qa ax ok abbkemgaxvkhmøe/ t|c}ahhmøe } apt|axmøe fa ok wa|lkomfkf  ,hcbc, bkva|mkomfkf% A|nc/ ao khvc bc|ko chq||a xmabt|a ae ktqevqkomfkf haev|ko fa fmh`k `mxvc|mk ae hq|xc (awmfaeva9 xm gqaxa qek |akomfkf toaekbaeva hcexvmvqmfk/ ekfk `kl|âk xcl|a ocmeva|waem|/ c konùe awaevc hq}c hq|xc bcfmgmhk|/ abtaykefc tc| ok t|ctmk v|k}ahvc|mk apmxvaehmko-% Tk|aha|ë {qa ec hcmehmfa hawmfaehmk/ fkfc {qa ocx agahvcx bëx ecvc|mcx fao hcbtc|vkbmaevc bc|ko ocx kt|ahmkbcx (fmxg|qvkbcx c xqg|mbcx- hceh|avkbaeva/ c ko baecx vkblmíe ae#tc| ok g mxmhmfkf: ta|c aooc apt|axk iqxvkbaeva qe ,agahvc,/ ok |ata|hqxmøe fao khvc øevmhxmvqkfc ae ok tcvaehmk wa|lko / xcl|a xq t|c}ahhmøe ae khvc/ meva|wmaea ae axk `mxvc|mk bkva|mko c fa bkva|mkomykhmøe% Ta|c axvhcbaevkefc ok ekvq|koayk gc|bko fao khvc bc|ko } axvk xa aevmaefa aevcehax "ae xâ bmxbk" hcbc qek |aokhmøe h|âvmhk (wcoqehcexhmaeva } ta|xceko- aev|a oc Wa|lko (axtm|mvqko- } ok Mbknae% Oc {qa xak {qa xqhafa ae fmh`k |aokhmøe xa mevan|k c ax mevan|kbahkemxbc tk|kføimhc } va|bmek kgahvkefc ,vkblmíe, ao hkbtc gmnq|kvmwc c bkva|mko"gâxmhc (tc| axc fâhaxa {qa ocx faxwkta|wa|xmceax fao bqefc khvqko xce fa âefcoa bc|ko: } ,kfabëx, xqg|m|abcx xqx agahvcx c hcexahqaehmkx vkblmíe ae ao mebkeaeva c hcevmenaeva-%

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mexvkeva } hcefmhmøe aoabaevko/ ao kobk `qbkek xa aeg|aevk "ae hokwa ta|xceko/ }cmhk } wcoqevk|mk"/ ko fmoabk/ k ok fqfkkova|ekvmwk {qa Fmcx ec vqwc } ec vmaea9 aev|a ok tcxmlmomfkf fa xa| } ao ec xa|/ ao eqehk `kla| xmfc } eqehk bëx xa|ë: {qafmga|aehmk aev|a ao {qa xak"apmxvk ao Qemwa|xc"hcxbcx (ok |akomfkf#bqefc- } ao {qa eqehk `qlmaxa xmfc (apt|axmøe tq|k fhoëxmhk/ mexmfmcxk/ klxq|fk } eankvmwk t|anqevk9 ³} xm Fmcx ec `qlma|k h|akfc ao qemwa|xc c ao xa| `qbkec3-% Aooc hcegma|a k axvk mbtcxmloa qek hceapmøe mnqkobaeva klxq|fk/ mbtcxmloa (hcev|kfmhvc|mk- } eankvmwk hce ao ,c|mnae fao c|mnae,/ hcbc xm gqaxa qe |ahqa|fc mewcoqvmwc% Ok |axtqaxvk } cthmøe ax qek xcok (ax-9 xâ ko Xa|/ k ok Wmfk/ k ok Wa|fkf/ ko Kbc|% Ta|c/ } ae axvc |kfaxtoíefmfc f|kbk bc|ko/ qek |axtqaxvk ta|xceko/ wcoqevk|mk } hma|vkbaeva ,oml|a,/ qek cthmøe hkvanø|mhk tc| ao Hkbmec/ tc| ao {qa xa `myc hk|ea } {qa fa xâ bmxbc fmic9 ]c xc} ao Hkbmec/ ok Wa|fkf } ok Wmfk %%%KV Faqva|cecbmc 84/;=9 %S,%%% Tcenc `c} tc| vaxvmncx hcev|k qxvafax ko hmaoc } k ok vma||k9 va tcenc faokeva wmfk c bqa|va/ laefmhmøe c bkofmhmøe% Axhcna o k wmf{qa wmwkx/ vù } vq faxhaefaehmk/ kbkefc k ]k`wa` vq Fmcx/ axhqh`kefc xq wcy/ wmwmaefc qemfc k ío: tqax ae axc axvë vq wmfk %%% ,%S

EV \cbkecx 0/;=9 %S,%%% Tqax ok kexmcxk axta|k fa ok h|akhmøe faxak wmwkbaeva ok |awaokhmøe fa ocx `micx fa Fmcx% Ok h|akhmøe/ ae agahvc/ gqa xcbavmfk k ok wkemaxtcevëeakbaeva/ xmec tc| k{qao {qa ok xcbavmø/ ae ok axta|keyk fa xa| omla|kfk fa ok xa|wmfqbl|a fa ok hc||qthmøe tk|k tk|vmhmtk| ae ok noc|mcxk omla|vkf fa ofa Fmcx %%%,%SMM Hc|mevmcx ;>9 %S,%%% Tc|{qa ao Xaûc| ax ao Axtâ|mvq/ } fcefa axvë ao Axtâ|mvq fao Xaûc|/ kooâ axvë ok omla|vkf %%%, %SEV Xkevmknc </;<9 %S,%%% @kloae } cl|ae vko hcbc hc||axtcefa k ocx {qa ke fa xa| iqynkfcx tc| ok Oa} fa ok omla|vkf %%%, %S

T|anqevk9³[qí |aokhmøe `k} aev|a ao K%O%T% ao K%H%T%3%%% Tk|ahma|k {qa ao Khvc Oml|a T|mbk|mc chq||a ae ao hc|kyøe fao K%H%T% ta|c xme xbahkemxbc t|mbk|mc hcexvkeva/ hcbc oc ax ao K%H%T% hce xq xahqaehmk øevmhk fa |aokhmceax } |a"khhmceax% Bëx lmaefmxtcemlmomfkf/ xmbmok| k ok Wcoqevkf } ae axv|ah`c wâehqoc gc|bko } gqehmceko hce aook: c mehoqxc xmaefc "{qmyëx" fcx gkhavkx bmxbc%Vapvc c|mnmeko axh|mvc kevax fao hcbaevk|mc keva|mc| 9Hcbc xak/ xmnqa taefmaeva ao aemnbk9 ³{qí ax/ {qí mbtomhk/ {qí xmnemgmhk ctvk| ,oml|abaeva,3%%% Ok t|mba|k a mebafmkvk |axt{qa l|cvk ax9fahmfm| aev|a konc {qa tqafa xa| }#c ec xa| +%%%/ } axvc hcehqa|fk hce oc kevax fmh`c%Axvk|âkbcx kxâ ae qe bcbaevc t|mbc|fmko fao khcevaha| keâbmhc/ {qmyëx t|c}ahhmøe tk|vmhqok| } |agoaik (tc| xa| mbknc Fam   âfaqe khvc t|mbc|fmko fmwmec/ {qa tc| konqek |kyøe oønmhk (|agoaic fao Ocncx- tcfabcx baehmcek| %%%: } tc| aefa taexk|+% Koncmbtomhk ok kevmecbmk bëx t|mbk|mk/ gqefkbaevko } |kfmhko9 ok fmxvmehmøe aev|a ao Xa| } ao Ec xa| % Ae ví|bmecx lq|fkbaeva `qbxa|âk ao n|ke kevahafaeva/ ao kevax } tc|{qí fao Hcxbcx/ ok cthmøe tq|k {qa Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec vqwc (k`c|k oc fmnc xøvmabtc tkxkfc/ tc|{qa xm oc apt|axc hcbc qe awaevc ae c|mnae/ xa hcewma|va ae qek axtahma fa fqfk ava|ek } ta|bkeaevatcef|âk ae vaok fa iqmhmc ok apmxvaehmk } apmxvaehmkomfkf/ } ecx k||cik|âk ko hkcx okvaeva fao |aokvmwmxbc ' xqliavmwmxbc (aelqfmxbc } ao em`momxbc-: tcxmlmomfkf eankvmwk/ `c||c|cxk } {qa tcfabcx faxhk|vk| hce vcvko xanq|mfkf n|khmkx k ok Aehk|ekhmøWa|lc {qa fmxmtk vcfkx okx fqfkx `klmfkx } tc| `kla|/ } xkehmcek ok tcvaehmkomfkf c hqkomfkf okvaeva fa klxcoqvay/ toaemvqf/ vcvfa oc {qa apmxva } tqafa ooank| k xa|% ] ok awmfaehmk abtâ|mhk oc kwkok9 tc|{qa xmvqkefc axvk fqfk hcbc kevahafaeva } ec hc|mnae/ xa aevmaefa {qa xak hkqxk fa ok Omla|vkf/ c tk|va fa xq oa} t|mbc|fmko/ } ec fa okx wmwaehmkx eankvmwkx c axvkfcx keâxqg|maevax (kenqxvmk/ faxaxta|khmøe avh%-%Aevcehax9

³Høbc xmvqk| ok cthmøe tc| ao Xa| } xq ctqaxvc/ ao ec Xa|/ ae ao hc|kyøe txâ{qmhc } ecbmeko/ {qa xa|âk ao K%H%T%3%%%³Høbc hk|khva|myk|ok mehc|tc|kefc k axva f|kbk ao ,axtaic, } ok ,mbknc,3%%%/ ³khkxc qe t|mba| aeg|aevkbmaevc aev|a ao ]cAnc3%%% Oc fqfc/ `k fa xa| konc bëx oâbtmfc/ baecx apmxvaehmko/ bëx tq|c+%%Hqkefc xa `kha axva vmtc fa |kycekbmaevcx apv|abcx/ } xm xa t|avaefma|k faxk||cook| qek tceaehmk hcbtoavk "ec ax ao hkxc"/ cv|kx bqh`kx khhmceax t|atk|kvc|mkx } hcbtoabaevk|mkx hcewaemaevax (hcbc ao axvqfmc kbtomc fa kevahafaevax-/ xm|wa khq,Oml|c,9 ³{qí tk|va/ hktâvqoc c khëtmva fa ok Lmlomk |aokvk ao hcbmaeyc t|cvcvâtmhc fao F|kbk `qbkec fa ok Omla|vkf3%%% Awmfaevab`k fa axvk| ae ao oml|c fao Níeaxmx/ } tk|ahma|k {qa oc bëx aptoâhmvc ae vko xaevmfc ax ok vaevkhmøe {qa xqg|a ok t|cvc"tk|aik "|axtokx ,|anokx, {qa xa oax mbtqxma|ce" } ok fahmxmøe {qa vcbke%Níeaxmx </;79 %S, %%% ] Fmcx mbtqxc ko `cbl|a axva bkefkbmaevc9 ,Fa hqko{qma| ë|lco fao ik|fâe tqafax hcba|/ ta|c fao ë|lco fa ok hmaehmk fao lmae } fao hcba|ëx/ tc|{qa ao fâk {qa hcbma|kx fa ío/ bc|m|ëx xme |abafmc,%%%Níeaxmx 8/;9 %S,%%% Ok xa|tmaeva %%% fmic k ok bqia|9 ,³Høbc ax {qa Fmcx oax fmic9 ,Ec hcbke fa emenqec fa ocx ë|lcoax fao ik|fâe3,% \axtcefmø ok bqia|9 ,Tcfabcxfao g|qvc fa ocx ë|lcoax fao ik|fâe% Ta|c fao g|qvc fao ë|lco {qa axvë ae bafmc fao ik|fâe/ fmic Fmcx9 Ec hcbke fa ío/ em oc vc{qae/ xc taek fa bqa|va,% \atxa|tmaeva9 ,Fa emenqek bkea|k bc|m|ëe% Ax {qa Fmcx xkla {qa ao fâk ae {qa hcbma|ke fa ío/ xa oax kl|m|ëe ocx cicx } xa|ëe hcbc fmcxax/ hcechafc|ax fao lmae } f] hcbc wmaxa ok bqia| {qa ao ë|lco a|k lqaec tk|k hcba|/ ktavahmloa k ok wmxvk } aphaoaeva tk|k ocn|k| xklmfq|âk/ vcbø fa xq g|qvc } hcbmø/ } fmc vkblmíe k xq b

{qa mnqkobaeva hcbmø% Aevcehax xa oax kl|ma|ce k aev|kblcx ocx cicx %%% %%% C}a|ce oqanc ao |qmfc fa ocx tkxcx fa ]k`wa` Fmcx {qa xa tkxaklk tc| ao ik|fâe k ok ok l|mxk/ } ao `cbl|a } xq bqia| xa chqovk|ce fa ok wmxvk fa ]k`wa` Fmcx tc| aev|a ocx ë|lcoax %%%, %S

Ae bm bq} bcfaxvk a mnec|keva ctmemøe c bëx lmae mbt|axmøe xcl|a axvcx të||kgcx vkevkx wahax kekomykfcx tc| ocx apta|vcx/ aofao Níeaxmx ek||k xmbløomhkbaeva ao hcbmaeyc ,`mxvø|mhc, fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek/ c fao aia|hmhmc fa axk omla|vkf/ bafmkeva qekhhmøe {qa hafmaefc ko megoqic fa qe knaeva apva|ec k ok |aokhmøe t|mbk|mk (Fmcx/ ao xa| `qbkec/ ok kova|ekvmwk-/ axhcna k{qaooa|k tcxmloa ta|c mehcewaemaeva: } {qa ae ao |aokvc xa t|axaevk hcbc qek ktavaehmk v|mtoa9%" Hcba| ok g|qvk t|c`mlmfk tc|{qa t|ctc|hmcek ok xklmfq|âk } ao fmxha|embmaevc fmwmec aev|a ao ,lmae } ao bko, (aev|a ao Xa| }xa| 3%%%2-%%" Hcba|ok tc|{qa ax ,ktavahmloa, tk|k ok wmxvk } ao nqxvc (gmnq|kvmwk c ktk|aevabaeva ,lqaek,-%%" Hcba|ok tc|{qa %%% Tc|{qa xâ+% Hc|cok|mc k oc t|mba|c9 xa| hcbc fmcxax%Ta|c ok xa|tmaeva bmevmø ae konc9 axk khhmøe xâ t|cwchklk ok bqa|va% ] ok `mxvc|mk hcbmaeyk/ } fala|ë meva|waem| hkvanø`mxvø|mhkbaeva ao Wa|lc Fmwmec h|akfc| tk|k kxqbm| ok hcefmhmøe fa xq h|mkvq|k apv|kwmkfk } bc|vko/ } hcefqhm|ok eqawkb(kqe{qa xmnqmaefc qe Hkbmec eqawc- k ok Wmfk% ] ,oønmhkbaeva,/ `kha|oc bafmkeva qek cthmøe bc|ko oml|a/ vke oml|a hcbc k{

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{qa c|mnmeø ao t|cloabk+3%%% ³Fcx vmtcx fa Omla|vkf3%%%/ ok {qa hkqxk ok Bqa|va (ao ec xa| - } ok {qa hcefqha k ok Wmfk Ava|toaemvqf/ ok axaehmkomfkf/ ao Xa|% Ax cv|c fa ocx ktc|vax gqefkbaevkoax fao h|mxvmkemxbc/ {qa xa v|kfqha ae qek t|ctcxmhmøe hq{qa axv|qhvq|k ao T|chaxc Bc|ko aev|a axvcx fcx bcbaevcx c K%O%T% t|mbk|mcx9 ao a||c| {qa faxkvk ao |amekfc fa ok bqa|va|ahvmgmhkhmøe `khmk ok Wmfk% Fa vcfcx bcfcx/ oc {qa mevaeví fmxhq||m| xcba|kbaeva ec ax ok gaecbaecocnâk øevmhk fao f|kbk bcok Omla|vkf/ xmec ok hokwa gc|bko (axv|qhvq|ko- fa xq bahkemxbc txmhc"keâbmhc% Fqfc `kla| ktc|vkfc bqh`kx oqhax %%%/ ta|c ko b,fmia konc ko |axtahvc, } axta|c xm|wk tk|k bcvmwk| |agoapmceax bëx t|cgqefkx } ha|va|kx%

7%;%84%14%78 Omla|vkf MP (=#<447-9Xm ao t|mehmtmc/ vabk }#c hcehatvc fa Omla|vkf ax vke mbtc|vkeva/ |kfmhko } fmgâhmo fa kt|a`aefa|/ aevaefa| c ,fahm|,: ao xcoc `ahaxvk| fmxhq||maefc fa aooc `k fa xmnemgmhk| konc/ c xa| xmnemgmhkeva ae xâ } clwmkbaeva ae |aga|aehmk ko t|ctmc kxqevc fa ok Omla

Axvk axtahma fa megoapmøe hqkxm vkqvcoønmhk fao fmxhq|xc xcl|a xâ } xq hcevaemfc"xmnemgmhkehmk/ ax qek hqkomfkf c agahvc axtahqokxcokbaeva ax tcxmloa hqkefc konc bq} apv|abc xqhafa ae ao khvc mev|âexahc fa ok gc|bqokhmøe fa fmh`c fmxhq|xc/ {qa ax hok|kb|a"goapmwk a me"goapmwk (khvmwk } tkxmwk c kqvcbëvmhkbaeva-: qe awaevc xmbtoa } ,hkvanø|mhc,/ qe faxvaooc oqbâemhc chq||maefc kooâ/meva|mc| fao K%H%T% T|anqevk ekvq|ko9 ³{qí xa|âk axc {qa xqhafa3%%%/ ta|c ae axva c|fae fa hcxkx `k} {qa xa| apv|abkfkbaeva hk,tcea| ae vaok fa iqmhmc, ok t|anqevk bmxbk/ hcbc bafmfk t|ahkqvc|mk%Iqen xa t|achqtk(lk- fa fmoqhmfk| tc|{qí fahmbcx c tokevakbcx hma|vkx t|anqevkx: ao bk|pmxbc"g|aqfmkemxbc faxtokyt|achqtkhmøe `khmk ao vabk fao meva|íx chqovc c xcva||kfc {qa xql}kha ae ok bcvmwkhmøe fa `kha|okx }#c hcevaxvk|okx: } k`c|k xq{qa hcewmaea |agoapmcek| xcl|a axva khvc {qa vkblmíe ax |a"goapmwc/ } `kha|oc axtahqok|baeva+%%% K gme fa xanqm| vaemaefc k ok wvabk ae xâ } ao khvc"khhmøe txâ{qmhk {qa naxvmcek fmh`k mefknkhmøe/ tc|{qa aooc tqafa naea|k| eqawkx } vko way gmekoax oqhax%Ae hqkevc ko vabk Omla|vkf/ tmaexc {qa `k fa t|achqtk|ecx ec xøoc ao meva|íx ae ao vabk/ ec xøoc ok bcvmwkhmøe txâ{qmhk (axv|q} gqehmceko-/ xmec vkblmíe ok cevcocnâk fa ok hcefmhmøe {qa ,aewqaowa, ok t|anqevk hcbc `ah`c hma|vc (ok t|anqevk ae xâ/ gc|bcliavmwkbaeva- } ok ,hcefmhmøe, {qa axv|qhvq|k } hk|khva|myk vkevc ok chq||aehmk fao khvc } khhmøe {qa gc|bqok ok t|anqevk/ hqk

hcefmhmøe øevmhk } gaecbíemhk fa ok ,|akomfkf#bqefc, k ok hqko axvë |aga|mfk ok t|anqevk } {qa khcna ao vabk%C xak9 ae {qí c k hqko  hcefmhmøe fa |akomfkf kxmnekbcx } kfxh|mlmbcx ao vabk ,omla|vkf, } ao ,{qí ax ok omla|vkf,: taexxmbqovëeakbaeva fmh`c vabk } ao khvc fa |a"goapmcek| xcl|a aooc%Ax awmfaeva {qa axva vmtc fa t|ahkqhmøe } t|chafmbmaevc ec ax eahaxk|mc hqkefc tc| ai% taexkbcx c |agoapmcekbcx xcl|a qe caxtahâgmhc (bkva|mko c axtm|mvqko/ apmxvaeva c meapmxvaeva-: } ec tc|{qa ec xak eahaxk|mc xmec tc|{qa fmh`c cliavc ax |ahcechmfcc baecx me"bafmkvkbaeva ae } tc| xq xmvqkhmøe |ako (ae ok |akomfkf-: k fmga|aehmk fa axvkx cv|kx vabëvmhkx |kfmhkoax } apv|abkvaexmceke } t|axmceke ok hktkhmfkf hcnecxhmvmwk `qbkek `kxvk xq oâbmva } ,qe tchc bëx kooë, vkblmíe% Axvc tk|aha |agc|h|aaehmk ae ok tcxmloa wmehqokhmøe âevmbk aev|a ao KOT (khvc oml|a t|mbk|mc- } ok |kây øevmhk fa ok |akomfkf#bqefc/ ok n|ke kova|eaev|a ao Xa| } ao mbtcxmloa ec"Xa| (fmhae ocx vaøocncx {qa xøoc Fmcx tqafa `kha| {qa konc xak"apmxvk faxfa ok ekfk/ c {qa koapmxvaeva xak fax"`ah`c } ,|avc|ea k ok ekfk,/ tc|{qa vcfc t|a"apmxva c t|a"ax ae Fmcx: } ec xa bko meva|t|ava axvk kxawa|khmhokwa tkevaâxvk-%Hcbùebaeva } v|kvëefcxa fa kxqevcx fa baec| mbtc|vkehmk c ec vke ,|kfmhkoax,/ ec ax eahaxk|mc fmkocnk| hce ao axtaic } ok mbfao } ae ao axtaic %%% ] tcfabcx `klok| fa konc tc|{qa `k} qe ,konc, } qe ,fahm|, cliavmwkbaeva kqvøecbcx (ae xâ - } clia|akobaeva wmehqokfcx tc| xq hcbùe } tk|kføimhk gmomkhmøe wa|lko : } ocx |agoaicx axtahqok|ax xøoc tk|vmhmtke fcefa oax ax t(kt|ctmkfc-9 ae ok hcexmxvaehmk tk|kføimhk fa hkfk |axtahvmwk mexvkehmk% Ta|c ae ao vabk fa ok Omla|vkf "} vko way ae cv|cx mnqkobt|mbc|fmkoax hcbc ao Kbc|"/ xâ xa iqxvmgmhk `kha|oc: } ae konùe bcbaevc fao fmxhq|xc `k} {qa `kha|oc xm ae wa|fkf {qa|abcx k`tk|k xkla| (axva {qa|a| ax ao vmtc fa khvc t|mbk|mc (,oml|a,- {qa ,kgahvk, ok hcexmxvaehmk âevmbk fao vabk koqfmfc/ ta|c ok ,|akaxvë vke lmae gc|bkomykfk, {qa aooc ec ecx k||cik ko hkcx fao |aokvmwmxbc/ xmec {qa hcegm|bk } hcexcomfk vkevc ok khhmøe#khvc hqkfaxvmekvk|mc q cliavmwc/ } ao vabk fa axa cliavmwc-%Ae hqkevc k ok Omla|vkf/ ko vabk Omla|vkf } ko t|mehmtmc fa Omla|vkf/ tmaexc {qa `k fa t|achqtk|ecx ec xøoc ao meva|íx ae aooc/ ecok bcvmwkhmøe txâ{qmhk (axv|qhvq|ko } gqehmceko-/ xmec vkblmíe ok cevcocnâk fa ok hcefmhmøe {qa ,aewqaowa, ok t|anqevk hcbc `hma|vc (ok t|anqevk ae xâ/ gc|bqokfk cliavmwkbaeva- } ok ,hcefmhmøe, {qa aewqaowa vkevc ok chq||aehmk fao khvc } khhmøe {qa gc|bt|anqevk/ hqkevc ok hcefmhmøe øevmhk } gaecbíemhk fa ok ,|akomfkf#bqefc, k ok hqko axvë |aga|mfk ok t|anqevk } {qa khcna ao vabxak9 ³ae {qí hcefmhmøe fa |akomfkf/ k hqko hcefmhmøe fa |akomfkf kxmnekbcx } kfxh|mlmbcx ao vabk ,omla|vkf, } ao ,{qí omla|vkf, 3%%%

Ae hceh|avc9 xm ao vabk"hcehatvc"t|mehmtmc"`ah`c fa ok Omla|vkf ax axa konc vke klxcoqvc } fava|bmekeva (tc| xa|  oc {fava|bmek+%%%-/ tcf|âk kwaevq|k|xa {qa ko t|anqevk| ,³{qí ax ok omla|vkf 3, axvkbcx `khmaefc qxc fa ok omla|vkf/ } vko way khvqkeT|mba| Khvc Oml|a/ c bëx apkhvkbaeva9 ao T|mba| Khvc Oml|a \agoaic/ ok t|mba|k |a"goapmøe fao txm{qmxbc ec xcl|a xâ/ xmec xcl|a bmxbk fao khvc oml|a/ |a"goapmøe `ah`k oml|abaeva %%%/ tc|{qa ec xmabt|a xa `kha/ ec vcfcx ok `khae avh%] v|kvëefcxa fa qek |a"goapmøe naxvmcekfk "hcbc vcfkx" tc| ao K%H%T%/ `k fa meva|waem| ao axtaic t|mbk|mc oc hqko tokevak fcx hcxk%" Cevcocnâk Bc|ko fa ok Omla|vkf9 ax ao vabk fa ok |aokhmøe ]c  ‘ Anc (meawmvkloa xm tk|vmhmtk ao axtaic t|mbk|mc-%l%" Ok Mbknae+%%%³Hqëo ax aevcehax ok Mbknae fa ok Omla|vkf/ {qa ax ok Mbknc fao  t|mba| khvc oml|a |agoaic3%%% (khok|c oc xmnqmaeva9 hqkefc v|kvcvmtc fa kxqevcx vke apv|abcx/ axhq||mfmycx } taomn|cxcx "tc| ao |maxnc fa hcegqxmøe"/ ec xqaoc gc|yk| okx hceiavq|kx } ba omb,axvk| kvaevc,/ wmnmokeva keva hqko{qma| chq||aehmk xqxvkehmcxk/ {qa xqaoa xqhafa| fâkx faxtqíx fa gc|bqokfk ok hqaxvmøe% |ahq||âk k ocx n|ëgmhcx hcehatvqkoax ta|c aooc |a{qma|a qek hk|nk aea|nívmhk fa bcbaevc kncvkfk %%%-% Vabk klma|vc+%%%

7%;%84%14%76 Omla|vkf P (=#<447-

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 K|vâhqoc apvaexc%%S,%%% Faik|xa ooawk| tc| ao nqxvc fao faxhql|mbmaevc xme xkowknqk|fk| ao h|mva|mc {qa t|chafa fa qek wmxmøe bëx t|cgqefk ecx `k|âk |awmwm| ao f|kbk fa qe bmvc kao icwae Âhk|c/ ae tcx fao wqaoc `khmk ok omla|vkf klxcoqvk/ xa kha|hk hkfk way bëx ko xco/ cowmfkefc {qa xqx kokx xce fa ha|k% Tknk hce ok hkâfk } ok bqa|va ao t|axvk moqxmøe %%%, %S Laeafmhvc PWM <8#;4#<447

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xqliavmwc } oc cliavmwc/ oc meva|mc| } oc apva|mc| ko xâ bmxbc%Oc {qa mevaevc k`c|k ax wcowa| k lqhak| ae ok t|cgqefmfkf fa ok echmøe hoëxmhk fa omla|vkf bc|ko/ ok {qa ecx xmvùk keva ok fmx}qok lmgq|hkhmøe ae ao hkbmec {qa ec ax |ako xmec ao agahvc fa qe ,axtaic xmvqkfc, kooâ/ ae axk hcefmhmøe"bcbaevc: } {qa ax |ahcetc| ao ,axtaic, fao K%H%T% (xqtcemaefc `k}k qe ,axtaic cliavmwc, c apva|ec/ oc hqko }k tqxa ae fqfk-%Kooâ/ ae axa cv|c vmtc fa ,h|qha, aev|a ,tqevcx fa megoapmøe, meva|mc|ax } apva|mc|ax%³Hqëo xa|âk ao xaevmfc/ ao wkoc| ' xaevmfc fa axk tcxmlmomfkf ktk|aevabaeva vke ombmvkeva/ ombmvkfk } ,bahëemhk,3%%%Xm ok Omla|vkf/ c ao aia|hmhmc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko/ hktkhmfkf keâbmhk (ec ,ha|al|ko,%%%/ hcbc bëx fa qe `qbc|mxvk fao gmxmcocnvk|fâc mexmxva ae fahm|- fa ctvk| c fahmfm| c fmxha|em| c fmxh|mbmek| aev|a ao Lmae } ao ,bko, (aev|a ao Xa| } ao mbtcxmloa a moqxc|xa|-: hcbc xqaoa t|chokbk| ao bc|komxbc v|kfmhmceko "} }k kfbmvâ {qa ec hqaxvmcec {qa axc xak qe kxtahvc fao t|cloabk"/ aevtk|ahma|k {qa ok Omla|vkf xa tqafa aia|ha| ,lmae, qek xcok way/ kqe{qa axk way xa |atmvk vkevkx wahax hcbc kova|ekvmwkx fa kaeg|aevabcx ae axvk wmfk: qek xcok/ ùemhk/ |kfmhko } t|âxvmek way/ cgqxhkfk/ hcegqefmfk/ fagc|bkfk tc| vcfc ao hceiqevc fa kecb{qa ao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe } ocx knaevax cxhq|cx apva|ecx mbtceae c ktomhke k ok apmxvaehmkomfkf% Ax fahm|9 ax hcbc xm fmiíxa,ok ta|gahvk omla|vkf hcexmxva ae |ah`kyk| ok omla|vkf/ {qa ae ao gcefc xa|âk qek v|kbtk/ qek gkoxk fmx}qevmwk/ qe moqxmcemxbc vae

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hkqvmwkeva } gkvâfmhc% ] ae tk|va ax kxâ c hkxm %%%: tc|{qa `k} qek oâeak fa kova|ekvmwkx apmxvaehmkoax hk|khva|mykfkx tc| axa bkvmy%oqanc {qa `abcx ,qxkfc ok omla|vkf tk|k |aeqehmk| k aook,9 ³{qí ecx |axvk3%%%/ ³høbc xmnqa ok `mxvc|mk3%%% Ocx t|afaxvmekhmcegkvkomxvkx } bahkemhmxvkx ae naea|ko cg|ahae qek |axtqaxvk {qa k bm aevaefa| ax xøoc bc|komxvk/ kiaek c mehoqxc ctqaxvk ko kqvíT|chaxc Bc|ko: } axc oc aevmaefc ko wkoc|myk| konc {qa kqe{qa k wahax xa hcegqefa hce axc/ ta|vaeaha k qe c|fae fa hcxkx xmvae ao apv|abc ctqaxvc ko Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe/ } ba |agma|c k ok t|cn|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk/ t|c"h|akvmwk a mewaevmwk% Tc|{qavcfcx hcehqa|fke" ao cliavmwc ec ax wcowa| c ,|an|axmcek|, ko Afíe c tk|kâxc ta|fmfc (bmvcocnabk {qa apt|axk ok ecxvkonmk#kûctc| ok mechaehmk ' k"gc|bkomfkf fa ocx axvkfcx megkevmoax"t|mbmvmwcx }#c t|a"`mxvø|mhcx/ fcefa ec xqg|âkbcx ocx t|cloabkx } fmfa ok ,omla|vkf, hcbc ocx xqg|a baecx ao hkwa|eâhcok (kqe{qa oc fqfc-/ } baecx kùe ao kembko/ } bqh`âxmbc baecx ao wanavko/ ekfk okx tmaf|kx/ } ekfk fa ekfk ok ekfk %%%-% Ec/ ao cliavmwc c Bavk ax ok v|kxhaefaehmk/ ok |ahqta|khmøe fa ok hcbqemøe hce

 ta|xceko qec } v|mec/ {qa ec ax qe |avc|ec xmec qe Hkbmec `khmk qe eqawc aehqaev|c hce } ae }  tc| ao c|mnae (t|mehmtmc-/ `k

Hmqfkf Xkevk {qa faxfa ao Eqawc Hmaoc faxhmaefa k ok Eqawk Vma||k tk|k khcna| ko `cbl|a eqawc («hce eqawc ecbl|a+- ae xq e} gmeko hcev|kvc c ,komkeyk, hce xq Fmcx/ {qa axvk|ë ae } hce ío% ] axc ax qe v|klkic `mxvø|mhc/ qek t|cn|axmøe bk|hkfk tc| oh|akvmwmfkf }#c ok ecwafkf hcexvkeva } hcevmeqk%

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 ok hmqfkf ax ok k|vmgmhmkomfkf/ ao t|cfqhvc xmnemgmhkeva fa ok khhmøe xmnemgmhkvmwk mevaehmceko/ h|akvmwk a mewaevmwk% ³[qmíe fmxaûk } hcexv|q}a ok Xkevk axhkvcoønmhk3%%%/ ³c ax {qa Fmcx hcbmaeyk h|akefc ok ekvq|koayk"ekvq|komfkf } va|bmek mewaevkefc qek hmqfkf ta|gahvk kxâ hcbc tk|k bkvmyk| qe `mxvc|mk3%%% Ba tk|aha awmfaeva {qa axa gme"gmeko ,q|lkec, xmblcomyk } apt|axk ao taxc/ xaevmfc"wkoc| } hcexmxvaehmk fa ok `mxvc|mk h|akvmwk/ t|c"h|akvmwk/ hc"h|agmekobaeva |a"h|akvmwk/ {qa hcbmaeyk ae ok ekvq|komfkf } kxhmaefa `kxvk ok k|vmgmhmkomfkf xqlombkfk/ |anaea|kfk/ noc|mgmhkfk: } axc mehoq}a ao ktc|va mewaevmwc {ecx tmfa `kha|/ tk|k khvqk|"khvqkomyk| eqaxv|k tcvaehmkomfkf%

Oc hqko aphoq}a tc| hcbtoavc hqko{qma| echmøe bc|ko bahkemhmxvk fa ok Omla|vkf (k{qaook xanùe ok hqko xøoc ,xanqmbcx xmaefc omfa ec a{qmwchk|ecx/ fa |atavm| ava|ekbaeva {qa <*<26 tc|{qa hqko{qma| cv|k |axtqaxvk xa|âk qe a||c| avh%-% Aevcehax/ ok omla|v{qmaeax `mhma|ce ok t|mba|k khhmøe } khvc oml|a bc|ko hc||ahvc/ ctvkefc tc| ao Xa|"Lmae } |ah`kykefc ok moqxmøe fa ok kova|ekvm

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hkâfk ae ao kvaâxbc `kxvk ok "ec vke mexøomvc hcbc xa tmaexk" kf`axmøe ko xkvkemxbc c k"gmomkhmøe ko Xkvëe"Oqhmga| hcexmfa|kfc ao fa ok |alaomøe hcev|k qe t|c}ahvc fmwmec {qa ax xaevmfc fabkxmkfc |axv|mhvmwc: ta|gahvc } tq|c ta|c ha|haekfc| t|ahmxkbaek{qaook ,omla|vkf bc|ko, aevaefmfk k`c|k ae xaevmfc okvc/ hcbtqoxmwc } qemfmbaexmceko% Axva vmtc fa |akhhmøe"|almexqlc|fmekhmøe ax qek ta|"wa|xmøe } qek ,vaevkhmøe, cliavmwk hok|kbaeva fmkløomhk/ {qa kt|cwah`k qek gkook ekvq|ko c qek fal`qbkek/ faxn|khmkfkbaeva mehaevmwkfk tc| hma|vkx gc|bkomfkfax txaqfc"|aomnmcxkx aphaxmwkbaeva kehokfkx k axk khvmvqxqbmxmøe apv|abk |k}kek ae ok kqvckeqokhmøe/ t|ctmk fa okx hqovq|kx t|a"`mxvø|mhkx hk|khva|mykfkx tc| ax{qabkx lmtcok|ax apv|aao mefmwmfqc axhokwc } ao kbc vm|kec {qa a|k xq t|c}ahhmøe kbtomkfk `kxvk ocx oâbmvax fao |agoaic ancmhc% Khvmvqf {qa fawmec aaxvmoc fabkxmkfc hk|nkfc `khmk ao okfc cxhq|c/ tqemvmwc/ eankfc|: hce hok|kx |kâhax bkem{qaâxvkx } hcegmnq|khmceax bëx c bbkxc{qmxvkx (tc| axc/ fa ok v|mocnâk kbc|cxk axvkloahmfk tc| ao Wa|lc aehk|ekfc/ xa faxvkhklk bqh`c ao Kbc| k Fmcx } ko t|øclwmkefc ao ,kbc| k xâ bmxbc, {qa gqefkbaevk oc keva|mc| awmvkefc ao xqbmxmcemxbc t|ctmc fao xma|wc"okhk}c vaba|cxc/ {qa tekfk vmaea {qa wa| hce ok `qbmofkf kqvíevmhk/ v|mlqvk|mk fao kbc| } ec fao va||c|-% Axvk v|kfmhmøe xa eqv|mø vkblmíe fa ocx vaxvmbfa bqh`cx xkevcx/ bâxvmhcx } kxhavkx hq}kx apt|axmceax gqa|ce } xce bko aevaefmfkx (ae hokwa |afqhvmwk } kqvc"faxv|qhvmwk-%

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aekbc|kbmaevc-/ xce |axtqaxvkx c|nëemhkx (fa kfahqkhmøe c mekfahqkhmøe- hqkefc ao xqiavc ,ta|hmla qe cliavc kgâe c fmxhc|fkeHcbaevk|mc9Ok omla|vkf `qbkek xmabt|a ax klxcoqvk/ xak hqko xak ok xmvqkhmøe c okx hcefmhmceax apva|ekx %%% Oc {qa wk|âk ax ok hcefmhm|akomfkf  meva|ek } apva|ek ko mefmwmfqc: } aooc xa aevmaefa xøoc xm fmxvmenqmbcx aev|a ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko } xq apt|axmøe `mxvøktomhkfk% Oc taomn|cxc ax k{qaooc {qa hcbt|cbava ao ,hc|kyøe, } hcegqefa/ kova|k/ apv|kwâk c ta|"wma|va ok hktkhmfkf keâbmhk,ctvk| tc| ao lmae"wa|fkf"wmfk,: ec okx hcefmhmceax apva|ekx (wqaowc k baehmcek| k Xmowmc Taoomhc/ {qmae axvkefc aehk|haokmxokfc/ axh|mlmø ,Bmx t|mxmceax,/ oml|c {qa aptkefmø xq omla|vkf bc|ko "aptkefmaefc xq kobk" bqh`âxmbc bëx kooë fa ocx bq|axkx bkybc||kx/ hcexvmvq}aefc qe tcfa|cxc n|mvc fa omla|vkf {qa kembø ocx bcwmbmaevcx mefataefaevmxvkx fa ok Mvkomk fahmbcexciqynkfk tc| ao mbta|mc kqxv|c"`ùenk|c-% Ocx ,clxvëhqocx, baehmcekfcx xce |akoax/ ta|c xøoc xa aevmaefae (axcx } cfmxvmenqmaefc aev|a oc axtm|mvqko } oc bkva|mko/ aev|a oc øevmhc } oc gaecbíemhc/ tk|k oc hqko xm|wa ao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc (q`mtøvaxmx bk}c| } baic|-% Ok mnec|kehmk ax xâ qe hcefmhmcekeva eankvmwc/ ta|c ec ax qek hqaxvmøe fa bk}c| megc|bkhmøe/ `kl|khmceko c vâvqocx qemwa|xmvk|mcx: ko baecx ec |axtahvc k ok omla|vkf (`k} bëx omla|vkf } wa|fkf ae ao hcbtc|vkbmaevc t|mbmvmwc ft|cvkncemxvkx fao gmob ,Ao ë|lco fa ocx yqahcx, (A% Cobm- {qa ae qek xcgmxvmhkfk khkfabmk hqovq|ko fcefa hkxvkx fa xqta|"aptaxqta|"axvqfmcxcx hcehmomklke tk|k fmgqefm| ao a||c| } ok baevm|k-% Oc bmxbc tcfabcx fahm| fa ocx v|kxvc|ecx txâ{qmhcx c ok wmcoaokx tkxmceax9 hkqxke xawa|kx kova|khmceax ae ao hcbtc|vkbmaevc/ ta|c ec vcfkx kgahvke ok omla|vkf bc|ko% Xm konqmae ba mbtmfa vko c hqko hcxk bafmkeva ok wmcoaehmk c ok hca|hmøe/ aooc ec fmxbmeq}a qe ëtmha bm omla|vkf bc|ko: aphatvc ba `knk høbtomha bc|ko fa axk |a"t|axmøe% ] ok ,aega|bafkf baevko, kgahvk ok omla|vkf ùemhkbaeva xm hcbmaeyk k ,bkvk| ao kobk,/ ec xm kecbkoâkx c fmxgqehmceax ha|al|koax {qa xøoc fmgmhqovke ao hcbtc|vkbmaevc xchmko hcewaehmceko%Tc| axc fmxh|atc vcvkobaeva fa ok wmxmøe hqkevmvkvmwmxvk c hcevmenaeva fa ok omla|vkf% Oc {qa tk|aha qek awmfaehmk fao bëx aoabxaevmfc hcbùe: hcegqefa fcx tokecx9%" Ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko/ {qa ax ok hokwa øevmhk fa ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek/ fa ok tcvaehmkomfkf `qbkek/ fao T|chaxc Bc|ko } fa ok h|afmwmek%%" Ok Omla|vkf Apmxvaehmko c hcevmenaeva9 ax ok ktomhkhmøe `mxvø|mhk } ,bkva|mko, fa oc keva|mc| }#c fa xqx agahvcx%Oc t|mba|c ec fataefa fa hcefmhmcekevax c fava|bmekevax hqkevmvkvmwkx/ tc|{qa cta|k ae oc bëx t|cgqefc fa ok hcexmxvkeâbmhk"axtm|mvqko: } [qmae wkoc|k/ kt|ahmk/ hkomgmhk fmh`k omla|vkf ax Fmcx/ ok gqaeva } gme fao Xa|/ tc|{qa axk omla|vkf ax ok hcef

ok ,|anok fao iqanc, fa qek `mxvc|mk tcvaehmko t|cvaefmfk/ c|maevkfk gmekoâxvmhkbaeva `khmk ao Xa|/ c|mnmekfk tc| Ío% K t|ctøxmvc9|aga|aeva fmwmec/ {qa ax hkvanø|mhc } hkvanc|mykeva/ ao hcehatvc } t|mehmtmc fa omla|vkf faik fa xa| qe mbta|kvmwc hkvanø|mhc ta|xtahvmwk mebkeaeva/ bkva|mkomxvk/ xqliavmwmxvk c |aokvmwmxvk/ `klok| fa omla|vkf ax qe iqanc fa tkokl|kx c qek hqaxvmøe xahqeec qe t|mehmtmc"wkoc| klxcoqvc (ec oc fmnc }c/ oc fmhae aoocx/ {qa |ah`kyke ocx klxcoqvcx+++-: } xm ec ax klxcoqvc ax |aokvmwc %%%/ fmh`c9 ec ax konc hkvanø|mhc em xkn|kfc/ } tc| aefa ec ax vke mbtc|vkeva oc {qa `knkbcx k gkwc| c ae hcev|k fa axc {qa ocx mfaookbklke omla|vkf %%%/ } tc| oc vkevc lmaewaemfc ao wcoqevk|mxbc lkxkfc ae ok hcewaemaehmk/ ae oc t|ëhvmhc/ ae ocx meva|axax/ kxvqhmk fa okx hkxvkx } xahvkx {qa vcfc oc |afqhae k hqaxvmøe fa tcfa|+%%% ³Xa aevmaefa oc {qa fa|mwk fa axvc3%%%Ao n|kfc fa Omla|vkf Bc|ko tq|k fa qe aehk|haokfc c fa konqmae kgahvc fa Koy`amba| } |afqhmfc/ xanùe okx ktk|maehmkx/ k qe axtkxmwc"wanavko/ ax apkhvkbaeva ao bmxbc {qa fmxg|qvk ao bëx wcoqevk|mxvk fa ocx abt|aefafc|ax ae toaek khhmøe } ae tcxaxmvcfkx xqx baic|ax gkhqovkfax hc|tc|koax } baevkoax% Fmxvmevk ax ok tcefa|khmøe fa ocx n|kfcx fa Omla|vkf Ktomhkfk c t|c}ahfcefa aev|kbcx k omfmk| } k hcblkvm| ec hcev|k oc {qa fmxbmeq}a eqaxv|k omla|vkf víhemhk"hqkevmvkvmwk/ kqe{qa aooc vkblmíe `k fv|kvkfc } ctvmbmykfc tc| oc {qa Xmnemgmhk, (ec tc| oc {qa ,ax, tc|{qa ec ax/ xøoc apmxva-/ xmec hcev|k vcfc k{qaooc {qa kbafmxvc|xmcek| eqaxv|k hktkhmfkf fa fmxha|embmaevc bc|ko/ c ta|wa|vm| eqaxv|k wcoqevkf c apv|kwmk| ok omla|vkf bc|ko `khmíefcec

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ae ok vaevkhmøe g|aeva k ok kova|ekvmwk c fmx}qevmwk moqxc|mk% Ax fahm|9 hcev|k ao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe } ocx knaevax eankapva|ecx% Kvaevk hcev|k ok omla|vkf vcfc oc {qa |afqha c k||qmek ok tcvaehmkomfkf v|kxhaefaeva `qbkek/ } axc ax qek hqaxvmWmfk/ Wa|fkf/ Kbc|/ xmaefc ao kbc| ok apt|axmøe xqt|abk fa ok Wcoqevkf%7%;%84%14%76%<%7 Oâbmvax fa ok omla|vkf9Hcbc vcfc/ ok omla|vkf vmaea xqx oâbmvax% Ocx clxvëhqocx baehmcekfcx xa|âke oâbmvax chkxmcekoax/ k`c|k wa|abcx ocx oâbmvax gmicx%Vcfc cliavc gâxmhc vmaea xqx oâbmvax {qa oc fmxvmenqae } xatk|ke fa ocx cv|cx cliavcx: hcbc vkblmíe ocx cliavcx txâ{qmhcx% Tc| aoâbmvax fa ok v|mxvayk axvk|âke fcefa hcbmaeyk ok koan|âk% Vkblmíe qe khvc vmaea oâbmvax {qa oc xatk|ke fa cv|c khvc% Xcoabcx fagomla|vkf tc| ctcxmhmøe ko aehma||c/ t|mxmøe/ t|mwkhmøe/ avh% Kxâ bmxbc t|ahmxkbcx ao hcoc| lokehc ctcemíefcoc ko hcoc| ean|c% X

 gqaxa lokehc em xm{qma|k ecx fk|âkbcx hqaevk fa aooc/ gkovkefc cv|c hcoc| tk|k hcbtk|k|oc% Oc bmxbc chq||a hce ok omla|vkf%Ok omla|vkf `qbkek vmaea oâbmvax ekvq|koax } k|vmgmhmkoax% Ocx ekvq|koax xce9

k%" Ao t|ctmc hqa|tc (ec ax meva|hkblmkloa-%l%" Ao tkxkfc% Hkfk `cbl|a ax oc {qa ax tc| oc {qa kevax gqa%h%" Ao eùhoac gkbmomk|/ ao kblmaeva ekhmceko/ ok tkv|mk avh%f%" Ao t|ctmc bqefc {qa ecx |cfak } ae fcefa apmxvc/ } ae ío/ axvëe ocx fabëx `cbl|ax {qa hcebmnc gc|bke ok `qbkemfkf%Ocx oâbmvax k|vmgmhmkoax xce ocx {qa `abcx h|akfc } c|nkemykfc tk|k tcxmlmomvk| ok hcewmwaehmk xchmko (|anokx/ ec|bkx/ hcewaeh`ëlmvcx/ oa}ax iq|âfmhkx avh%-%Hcbaevk|mc9Cv|c a{qâwchc hkxm qemwa|xko } fa|mwkfc fa ok echmøe apmxvaehmkomxvk"bkva|mkomxvk c hqkevmvkvmwk fa omla|vkf9 vcfc ao hceiqehcefmhmcekevax } fava|bmekevax ekvq|koax } k|vmgmhmkoax/ fagmeae ok hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko axtahâgmhk } ae ekfk kqbaevke c |afeqaxv|k omla|vkf bc|ko/ ec ae xâ% Fa `kha|oc/ ooank|âkbcx t|cevc k qek xa|ma fa hcehoqxmceax k hqko bëx a||øeak/ tc|{qa awmfaeva {qa bmaev|kx baecx hcefmhmcekbmaevcx `qlmaxa `kl|âk bëx omla|vkf %%% ] fkfc {qa ax mbtcxmloa aombmek| tc| kevahafaeva naeívmhc"lmcoønmhc/ xa va|bmek|âk xqtcemaefc {qa ok gc|bk bëx tq|k "c ok ùemhk %%%" fa xa| oml|a xa|âk ec apmxvma

Bk|p h|a}ø {qa vcfc ao ktk|kvkia hqovq|ko `mxvø|mhc (aphatvc xq vac|âk %%%+- a|k qek xqta|axv|qhvq|k komaekeva } axhokwmykeva/ } k ata|xceko"meva|mc| oc bmxbc taexø G|aqf: {qmae apvaefmø ok ,|alaomøe hcev|k ocx hcefmhmcekevax, k ocx tkv|ceax txâ{qmhcx } bmxbk ,babc|mk, (oc mehcexhmaeva- {qa tk|ahâk hcevaea| vcfkx okx |at|axmceax/ me`mlmhmceax } hcbtoaicx ,meva|ecx, {qmbtafâke qek wmfk xkek% Qe klxq|fc hmaevâgmhc/ ívmhc } gmocxøgmhc {qa |awmwa ga|cybaeva ae ao gmxmcocnmxbc/ {qa cg|aha ok wa|xmø|kfmhko a mbtokhkloa fao ,fava|bmemxbc,% Ec clxvkeva/ ao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe komkfc hce ocx knaevax cxhq|cx/ xâ nktomhkhmceax/ xmxvabkx } bcfkomfkfax txmhc"hqovq|koax {qa kgahvke/ fmxvc|xmceke/ aewmoahae/ |afqhae c ta|wma|vae eqaxv|k omlbc|ko: ta|c ec tc| ao `ah`c fa xa| mbtafmbaevcx ae xâ/ xmec tc|{qa kvaevke hcev|k ao hcechmbmaevc/ ao fmxha|embmaevc/ ao mewmvko/ ok hktkhmfkf fa kbc|/ ao ke`aoc fa v|kxhaefaehmk } ok   gqa|yk fa ok wcoqevkf (xm ecx hcewaehabcx {qa xøoc xcbcx qe kxcgmxvmhkfc c qe xmbtoa c|nkemxbc lmcoønmhc ooaec fa tkvívmhkx moqxmceax fa fmwmemfkf/ v|kxhaefaehmk/ axtm|mvqkomfkf } omla|vkf/ ,nkekx, {qafk|ëe fa wmwm| qek apmxvaehmkomfkf bc|kobaeva khvmwk c oml|a-% Ec xce ocx naeax em ok afqhkhmøe em okx h|aaehmkx ocecx `kha baecx oml|ax/ xmec ok `a|aehmk fao bko/ ok bkok gc|bkhmøe } okx h|aaehmkx ta|"wa|xkx {qa ecx c|maevke ko bko/ k ok baevok bqa|va/ mbtmfmíefcecx fmxha|em| c ko baecx hcbtk|k| hce ok cthmøe fao ,lmae,%7%;%84%14%76%<%> Ao oml|a kolaf|âc9,Ao oml|a kolaf|âc } ok omla|vkf/ xce moqxmceax eahaxk|mkx‧, Ic|na Oqmx Lc|nax%

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 tk|k {qmaeax ok ekvq|koayk `qbkek gqa hc||cbtmfk tc| ao tahkfc c|mnmeko/ xmaefc hok|c {qa bafmkeva ao oml|a kolaf|âc xa tcfâk ao lmae c ao bko ta|c hce ok n|khmk c kqpmomc fa Fmcx/ tk|k `kook| ok xkowkhmøe ava|ek% Xke Knqxvâe fmxvmenqa aev|a ao oml|a kolaf|omla|vkf9 ao oml|a kolaf|âc ax ,ok gkhqovkf fa ok |kyøe } fa ok wcoqevkf tc| bafmc fa ok hqko ax aoanmfc ao lmae/ bafmkeva ao kqpmok n|khmk fmwmek/ } ao bko/ tc| ok kqxaehmk fa aook,% Ae hkblmc ok omla|vkf xa|mk ao lqae qxc fao oml|a kolaf|âc/ c xak/ ok aoahhmølmae% A|nc/ ao `cbl|a ec ax oml|a tc| xq oml|a kolaf|âc/ xmec tc| ao qxc {qa `knk fa ío % Tk|k Xkevc Vcbëx/ ao qxc tq|kbaeva efao oml|a kolaf|âc tqafa hcehoqm| ae aoahhmceax a{qmwchkfkx q cthmceax tc| ao ,bko,: tc| axc `k} ,omla|vkf fa aoahhmøe hcbtxmaefc íxvk ,ok hkqxk fa xq t|ctmc bcwmbmaevc/ }k {qa tc| xq oml|a kolaf|âc ao `cbl|a xa bqawa k xâ bmxbc k cl|k|,% Tk|k A|kxboml|a kolaf|âc ax ,%%% qe tcfa| fa ok wcoqevkf tc| ao hqko ao `cbl|a tqafa hcexkn|k|xa k okx hcxkx {qa hcefqhae k ok xkowkhmøe ava

ktk|vk|xa fa aookx,: fagmemhmøe {qa Oqva|c hcexmfa|k kiaek } tc| aefa ctqaxvk k ok Lmlomk: tc|{qa h|aa {qa ok megoqaehmk fabceâkxqta|mc| k hqko{qma| oml|a kolaf|âc/ x maefc mefmxtaexkloa ok ,tkokl|k fa Fmcx, %Hcbaevk|mc9Oc fa Lc|nax ax qek lcqvkfa xk|hëxvmhk bq} ae xq axvmoc taxmbmxvk } xmabt|a ko oâbmva fa ok faxaxta|khmøe aoankeva: ta|c hcbcnaemc mevq}ø {qa ao gkhvc| ,moqxmøe, tk|vmhmtk ae axvc% Ok omla|vkf ec ax qek moqxmøe/ tc|{qa hcbc wmbcx hcexmxva ae xkla| fmxvaev|a oc moqxc|mc } oc |ako"|akomykloa (ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf ec `k} |akomfkf  fa tc| xâ: vcfc ax tcvaehmkomfkf ae khvc/ apha,ecbl|a t|ctmc,-/ } agahvqk| qe khvc fa wcoqevkf tk|k hcewa|vm| fmh`c |ahcechmbmaevc ae khhmøe t|aga|aehmko c xmnemgmhkvmwk (bcOk fmxvmehmøe fa Xke Knqxvâe ax fa n|ke mbtc|vkehmk } qe kwkeha ecvkloa "hcbc vkevkx cv|kx t|ctcxmhmceax fa axva mevmoqbmekfc": tc|{qa ko fmxvmenqm| aev|a ok hktkhmfkf } hqkomfkf axtm|mvqko (øevmhk- ookbkfk oml|a kolaf|âc/ fa xq qxc wcoqev|axtcexkloa ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf (ktomhkfc/ t|c}ahvkfc-/ aehqkf|k hc||ahvkbaeva ao hkbtc tk|kføimhc9 faxfa oc wa|lko  `kgaecbíemhc: axvkloahmaefc kxâ okx lkxax tk|k qe ha|va|c aevaefmbmaevc fao T|chaxc Bc|ko% Xce okx fcx mexvkehmkx fa ok ,Omla{qa ok bk}c|âk fa ocx taexkfc|ax bayhok c hcegqefa% Okx kt|a`aexmceax fa Oqva|c xa aevmaefae ta|c apkna|k (klxcoqvmyk/ bfcx hcxkx {qa ec fmga|aehmk9 ao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe } ok megoqaehmk fa ocx knaevax cxhq|cx% Ax ao vabk fa ok bc|ko c hceh

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ekvq|ko/ xq gqefkbaevc tcxmvmwc } xq kgahhmøe tc| okx eankvmwmfkfax apmxvaehmkoax/ } ok mbtc|vkehmk fa ok N|khmk fmwmek"xkh|kbta|c ao ax{qabk fqkomxvk } bkem{qaâxvk {qa hk|khva|myø fchv|mekx } baevkomfkfax fa|mwkfkx fa ok |agc|bk t|cvaxvkevagëhmobaeva ae ao gkvkomxbc } ae fagmemvmwk/ ae ao ,t|afaxvmekhmcemxbc,% Ok bmxbk fabcecocnâk hcevabtc|ëeak axtahmgmhk {khhmøe } vaevkhmøe fmkløomhk ktqevk k hkqvmwk| ok hcehmaehmk `qbkek/ tc|{qa |a{qma|a ao hcexaevmbmaevc oml|a fao mefmwmfqcocn|k| xq cliavmwc } hcev|kxvk| ao toke fmwmec/ ,|clëefcoa kobkx,%Oml|a kolaf|âc ae t|c fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek9Xalkxvmëe Xëeh`ay \mehøe/ ae xq oml|c , Xâevaxmx Gmocxøgmhk, aptcea hqkv|c k|nqbaevcx {qa vmaea ao ,oml|a ‘ k|lmv|mxbc, ae t|comla|vkf `qbkek% Xce9 ao k|nqbaevc fa ok hcehmaehmk/ ao k|nqbaevc bc|ko/ ao k|nqbaevc xchmko } ao k|nqbaevc bavk gâxmhc%;%" K|nqbaevc fa ok hcehmaehmk (apta|maehmk meva|ek-9;%;  Bcbaevc fa ok faomla|khmøe (t|chaxc wcomvmwc-9 ko kekomyk| t|cx } hcev|kx tk|k khvqk| fa qe bcfc q cv|c/ mevqmbcx ok tcxml

fa fmh`k aoahhmøe xme hcexv|aûmbmaevcx%;%<  Bcbaevc fa ok fahmxmøe (,gmkv,-9 ok hcehmaehmk ecx hcegm|bk {qa tcf|âkbcx fahmfm| qek q cv|k cthmøe%;%8% Bcbaevc fa ok aiahqhmøe9 ok hcehmaehmk ecx kvaxvmnqk {qa tcf|âkbcx keqok| ok fahmxmøe kqe `klmaefc memhmkfc ok khhmøe%Hcbaevk|mc9]c oc hcbaeví ae xq bcbaevc9 ao tqevc ;%; apt|axk qe bkoaevaefmfc bq} fmgqefmfc9 h|aa| {qa oc axaehmko fao khvc oml|a hcexmtcfa| ctvk| ,tq|kbaeva, aev|a fcx cthmceax fmxvmevkx% Aooc ax qe klxq|fc oønmhc9 xm `k} qe tk| xmbív|mhc fa cthmceax/ ok fahmxmqe mbtcxmloa% Xm qek fa okx cthmceax ax ,lqaek, c baic| {qa ok cv|k/ ok fahmxmøe ec xa|ë oml|a %%% A mehoqxc ae ao c|fae ekxmabt|a `kl|ë qe bkvmy/ favkooa c hk|khva|âxvmhk xmnemgmhkeva {qa hqkomgm{qa okx cthmceax } k {qmae okx |ahcecha% Ok `mtøvax,axtaic ae ao tqevc h|âvmhc fao hkbmec,/ wmehqokfc ko axtaic meva|mc| fao K%H%T%/ ax bëx |kycekloa% Ae hqkevc k ocx tqevcx ;%<`k} cv|k tctqok| hcegqxmøe9 aev|a oc axtm|mvqko"keâbmhc } oc keâbmhc"txâ{qmhc% Ko bk|nae9 vcfkx axvkx fagmemhmceax } vac|mykhmceat|ctmkx fa ok baevkomfkf ,chhmfaevko, c t|c"khvmwk (ae |akomfkf xce t|ctmkx fao txm{qmxbc `qbkec/ tc|{qa ao hmqfkfkec c hkbtchhmfaevko  } c|maevko  ec fmgma|ae ae fabkxâk ae baevkomfkf } fmxtcxmhmøe fa ëembc% Oc {qa xâ hkblmk ax ok khvmvqf fa h

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 tc|{qa ecx hcexmfa|kbcx oml|ax fa `kha|oc c ec% Xm ecx clomnke k `kha| konc/ ax tc|{qa ec tcfabcx `kha|oc%<%<% Ok |axtcexklmomfkf bc|ko  / xøoc vmaea xaevmfc xm xcbcx oml|ax% Xm konqmae xa xmaeva |axtcexkloa fa `kla| khvqkfc bko c hcbqe faomvc/ ax tc|{qa xkla {qa tqfc ec `kha|oc%<%8% Ok hqotk% Xanùe @k|vbkee/ xm khvqkbcx bko ok hcehmaehmk bc|ko ecx |at|aefa/ hkqxkefc k||ataevmbmaevc% Axvc kvaxvmnomla|vkf c kqvc fava|bmekhmøe fa ok wcoqevkf/ tqax ekfma xa xaevm|âk hqotkloa xklmaefc {qa khvqø gc|ykfc } hcev|k xq wcoqevkoml|abaeva-%Hcbaevk|mc9K fmga|aehmk fao ,k|nqbaevc fa ok hcehmaehmk, {qa a|k bëx lmae gc|bko c axv|qhvq|ko/ k`c|k aev|kbcx ,fa ooaec, ae ok hqaxvmøT|chaxc Bc|ko% Ae hqkevc k ok ,clomnkhmøe bc|ko, `k} qek |kfmhko fmga|aehmk aev|a ao mbtqoxc meva|mc| `khmk ao lmae"xa| (vke hkvanhcbc ao {qa ecx `kha xkla|"xaevm|"mevqm| {qa <*<26-/ naea|kfc "ko baecx" tc| ok hcehmaehmk bc|ko ekvq|ko {qa ae bm aexk}c ahce ok `mtøvaxmx fao xmxvabk ' fmxtcxmvmwc fa tokecx øevmhcx fa |anmxv|c (} bcofax wm|vqkoax {qa hcexvmvq}ae ao BTk|kfmnbëvmhc-: } okx clomnkhmceax apva|ekx/ {qa tqafae xa| bqh`c/ tchc c ekfk oanâvmbkx c iqxvkx% [qa ao ,mexvmevc bc|ko, (k bq} cgqxhkfc/ ta|wa|vmfc/ faxwmkfc tc| emwaoax fa fava|mc|c txmhc"bc|ko aphaxmwcx/ hkqxkfcx tc| ok gkvâfmhk komkeyk aev|a ao gkhmbta|gahhmøe ta|xceko } naea|ko/ hce ocx knaevax cxhq|cx- t|axqtcenk ok omla|vkf fa ok wcoqevkf ax hma|vc: tc|{qa k fmga|aehmk kembkoax/ eqaxv|k bc|komfkf ekvq|ko fmkocnk hce ao ]c hcexhmaeva/ {qmae tqafa khcna| ae bk}c| c baec| bafmfk ok xqna|,meva|ek,/ {qa tc| bq} me"bafmkvk a mexvmevmwk {qa xak c tk|ayhk xa|/ ec hcexvmvq}a qe bahkemxbc lmcoønmhc em qe kqvcbktxâ{qmhc c txmhc"bc|ko% Ta|c ec `klok|âk fa qek ,wcoqevkf oml|a, "tk|aha |afqefkeva" xmec fa ok wcoqevkf hqko fmxtcxmhmøe txâ|kfmhko } }cmhk/ {qa ta|bmva fahmfm| xcl|a okx kova|ekvmwkx bc|koax } fahmfm|"fm|ahhmcek| okx khhmceax meva|mc|ax }#c apvaeahaxk|mkx tk|k ,|akomyk|, ok fahmxmøe t|mbk|mk c fa fmxha|embmaevc% Tc|{qa ok mevqmhmøe c ta|hathmøe øevmhk "cta|kefc hce okx

gqehmceax txâ{qmhkx" } xmabt|a tc| ok naxvmøe fao K%H%T%"/ ta|bmva xkla| {qa vko cthmøe ax ok wa|fkfa|k c lqaek: ta|c axa x|a{qma|a ,hkxm fa mebafmkvc, qek fahmxmøe fa hc|kyøe9 khatvk| fmh`k awmfaehmk c |ah`kyk|ok/ mnec|k|ok c |alaok|ecx k aook% Ok xanfahmxmøe agahvqkloa wcoqevkf bafmkeva/ ax ok t|c}ahhmøe"ktomhkhmøe fa fmh`c xkla| } fahmxmøe t|mbk|mk/ ko tokec apmxvaehmko c (fcefa vcfc `k fa xa| ,|akomykfc, c bkva|mkomykfc hcbc tk|kfcik aeva|k/ hqkxm c txaqfc"tk|kfcik%Ao tk| k||ataevmbmaevc"hqotk ax qek |akhhmøe txâ{qmhk mevan|ko/ qe ,axvkfc keâbmhc, axtahmko/ c xmbtoabaeva qek xâevaxmx wmwae,abchmøe,/ {qa fa|mwk mtxc gkhvc ae |anmxv|c xmnemgmhkhmceko hkomgmhkfc% Vcfc khvc"khhmøe (awaevc wmwaehmko- ax xmevavtxâ{qmhkbaeva hcbc Abchmøe c Xmnemgmhkfc Keëocnc#\agoaic } Hkomgmhkfc/ {qa ax |anmxv|kfc tc| ao Xmxvabk Beíxmhc t|cwchkefagahvc keâbmhc xanùe xq hcexmxvaehmk bc|ko (xq |aokhmøe hce ao bcofa wm|vqko {qa oc khcna } ok mevan|ko fa ocx bcofax/ |anmxv|cx t} bcfaoc tk|kfmnbëvmhc-% Vcfc oc {qa `khabcx/ taexkbcx/ mbknmekbcx c xaevmbcx t|cwchk qek |a"khhmøe keâbmhk {qa ae mevaexcx xa|ë fa n|ke taek/ faxkyøe/ fmxnqxvc/ koan|âk/ xkvmxgkhhmøe tc| oc `ah`c avh% K`c|k {qa oc baehmcec ba fc} hqaev{qafø qe tqevc mbtc|vkeva tc| v|kvk|9 axvkx |a"khhmceax keâbmhkx c agahvcx abchmcekoax fao Xmnemgmhkfc Keëocnc#\agoaic hkomgmh|anmxv|kfc9 ³hcexvmvq}ae qek eqawk wmwaehmk ta| xa c xce qek axtahma fa vcec abchmceko {qa xa xqta|tcea a mevan|k ko hcevmwmwaehmko khvqko3%%%

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Kgm|bk| {qa ok clomnkhmøe c mexvmevc bc|ko ekvq|ko t|axqtcea omla|vkf/ ax hma|vc abtâ|mhk } oønmhk c axv|qhvq|ko"cevcoønmhkbaevaok |axtcexklmomfkf bc|ko t|axqtcenk ok omla|vkf/ ax qe iqmhmc apva|mc| ko gaeøbaec/ } qe iqmhmc bc|ko %%%/ {qa vkblmíe hcbtc|{qa ax khc|fa ko hcehatvc naea|ko% Ae hqkevc k ok ,hqotk, vaenc bmx fqfkx: tc|{qa hcbc fmia/ ax qe axvkfc c |akhhmøe abchkt|ahmkloa ae ao tokec gaecbíemhc c `mxvø|mhc/ oaicx fa oc cevcoønmhc: } tc| aefa qe agahvc ec kt|ctmkfc tk|k fafqhm| fa aoocvke |kfmhko hcbc ok echmøe fa omla|vkf (kqe{qa ax xmnemgmhkvmwc/ tc|{qa ec `k} awmfaehmk {qa bqaxv|a wmwaehmkx fa hqotklmomfkf kembkoax-% ] ec cowmfabcx fmga|aehmk| aev|a ,Xaevmbmaevc fa Hqotk, } ,Hcbtoaic fa Hqotk, (kxqevc v|kvkfc ae qe hkt% keva|mc|-8%" K|nqbaevc xchmko 9Oa}ax/ ec|bkx/ høfmncx/ hë|haoax tk|k faomehqaevax c bceqbaevcx tk|k `í|cax xqtceae {qa h|aabcx ae ok omla|vkf/ tc|{qahcbtc|vkbmaevc `qbkec gqaxa t|afava|bmekfc c kiaec k ok |axtcexklmomfkf } wcoqevkf ta|xceko/ aooc ec vaef|âk xaevmfc%Hcbaevk|mc9

Ax xmbmok| k oc {qa ae cv|c hkt% fmia xcl|a ok ,awmfaehmk fa ok omla|vkf,9 hqkefc ecx kha|hkbcx ko favkooa/ vcfc tk|aha fmoqm|xa ahkfaek xme gme fa bahkemxbcx } fava|bmemxbcx fa vcfc vmtc } níea|c: ta|c lkxvk clxa|wk| hce hma|vk ta|xtahvmwk ok `mxvc|mk `qtk|k kt|ahmk| ao axtoíefmfc } f|kbëvmhc tkec|kbk fa ok hqovq|k `mxvø|mhk/ hce xq mehcegqefmloa xaooc h|akvmwc/ mewaevmwct|cfqhhmøe mehaxkeva fa ecwafkfax tcxmvmwkx (c eankvmwkx-: qe faxtomanqa hcevmeqc/ kxhaefaeva a mbt|awmxmloa fao gqvq|c {faik fa kxcbl|k| (³{qí gqvq|øocnc c mbknmeøocnc fa gqvq|c t|afmic ae ao tkxkfc ok hcbtqvkhmøe c ao BT8 } ocx FWF3%%%-% Hë|bceqbaevcx } kovk|ax xce apt|axmceax fa axvk hqovq|k"`mxvc|mk `qbkek {qa ax ok bkemgaxvkhmøe fao n|ke f|kbk bc|ko/ ao n|ke ffa ok omla|vkf% Xce xmnecx/ ta|c ae xâ ekfk fabqaxv|ke |axtahvc k ok omla|vkf (oc |amva|c9 axk ec|bk iq|âfmhk hkxm qemwa|xko {qa f,membtqvkloa, k {qmae faome{qa xme axvk| ,ae toaec qxc fa xqx gkhqovkfax avh% avh%,/ ax lkxvkeva kblmnqk } ec apaevhcev|kfmhhmøe c xmbtoa klxq|fc: tc|{qa ekfma ,ae xq xkec iqmhmc, kxaxmek c apva|bmek k qek avemk |mwko/ k qek hokxa tcoâvmhk c k|kyk% Ax bëx9 axvk ec|bk mbtomhk axvkloaha| ao fcnbk fa ok omla|vkf hcbc mbtcxmloa cthmøe tq|k"eaqv|k } k"xmnemgmhkeva aev|a a} ao Bko: tc|{qa ae |mnc|/ hqko{qma|k {qa ctvk|k tc| ao bko xklmaefc oc {qa `kha/ xa|âk víhemhkbaeva qe fax{qmhmkfc/ qe membtq%%%-%

6%" K|nqbaevc bavkgâxmhc9 K|mxvøvaoax } Xkevc Vcbëx/ tk|k fabcxv|k| ,ok omla|vkf bc|ko fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek, kgm|bke {qa ok wcoqevkf/ ,nqmkfk xmabekvq|kobaeva tc| ok mevaomnaehmk#aevaefmbmaevc,/ vmaea ,xmabt|a } ekvq|kobaeva ko lmae hcbc gme/ tc| xa| xq cliavc t|ctmc,% Kxâ hkfk ø|nkec hc|tc|ko vmaefa k xq cliavc"cliavmwc/ kxmbmxbc ok mevaomnaehmk vmaefa k ok wa|fkf } ok wcoqevkf ko lmae%Ta|c ae ok hcevmenaehmk ok mevaomnaehmk `qbkek ec hcecha ta|gahvkbaeva ao lmae xqt|abc/ } ae hcexahqaehmk ok wcoqevkf vkbOcx lmaeax {qa hcecha xce |aokvmwcx/ mbta|gahvcx/ ombmvkfcx% Xm hcechma|k ao lmae xqt|abc/ íxva mewcoqh|k|âk k ok wcoqevkf `q bkekeva axva lmae ec xa|âk oml|a/ xmaefc kv|kâfk m||axmxvmloabaeva `khmk ío tc|{qa xkvmxgk|âk toaekbaeva xqx ke`aocx tc| xa| xq c

 t|ctmc% Tc| xq tk|va/ ocx lmaeax mbta|gahvcx ec ,k||kxv|ke, eahaxk|mkbaeva k ok wcoqevkf `qbkek/ xøoc ok kv|kae tc| cg|aha| ,kolmae, } ec ok kv|kae tc| xq mbta|gahhmøe% Aevcehax ,xcbcx oml|ax fa aoanm| aev|a ocx lmaeax {qa xa ecx t|axaevke,% Axhcna| xqfaomla|k| } aooc mbtomhk ok omla|vkf fa ctvk| tc| qek q cv|k tcxmlmomfkf xmbqovëeakbaeva konc lqaek }#c konc mbta|gahvk %Hcbaevk|mc9Ao |khmchmemc c k|nqbaevkhmøe ax oønmhc/ ta|c ktomhkfc k oc gaecbíemhc/ k ok t|c}ahhmøe fao `ah`c øevmhc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko aok `mxvc|mk c apmxvaehmkomfkf% Ae vko xaevmfc } faxfa bm t|cgqefk mnec|kehmk xcl|a ao taexkbmaevc k|mxvcvíomhc"vcbmxvk/ xa|í xmfmhmaefc {qa axva k|nqbaevc ec ba tk|aha bavkgâxmhc xmec gaecbaecoønmhc/ kqe{qa tc| wmehqok| oc hcevmenaeva hv|kxhaefaeva/ tk|ahma|k qe fmxhq|xc mevan|ko c tk|kføimhc (xm xa aevaefma|k oc ,bavkgâxmhc, vko hcbc oc `knc }c "mehoq}aefc oc gaevcehax ok apt|axmøe xa|âk khatvkloa-% Ta|c wkbcx ko gcefc %%%9 ao n|ke ktc|va fa axvcx n|kefax taexkfc|ax/ tmcea|cx |khmcekomfkf ,oønmhk, ae ok `mxvc|mk `qbkek (ec ocx t|mba|cx/ ta|c {qmaeax bëx t|cgqefmyk|ce } xmxvabkvmyk|ce ok ,cevctcxmvmwk,/ keva|mc| k okx n|kefax eankhmceax em`momxvkx c |aokvmwmxvkx-/ ax ao fa wmehqok| ok omla|vkf k ok wcoqevkf/ } íxvk k ok t|cta`khmk ao lmae/ ao xqbc lmae c ao Xa|"Fmcx: fa oc hqko fa|mwk ao gqefkbaevc fa ok bc|ko ekvq|ko% Hcbmaeyke aevaefmaefc ok wcoqomla|vkf tq|k/ øevmhk/ } oqanc faxvkhke xq apt|axmøe `mxvø|mhk "ae ok `mxvc|mk mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwk c apmxvaehmkomfkf"/ fcefhceiqevc fa mbta|gahhmceax cgqxhke/ waoke ok tcxmlmomfkf fa kt|ahmk| ao ,lmae,/ oc hqko gqefk tc| kxâ fahm|oc ao bk|hc |aga|aehmkomla|vkf ta|xceko: {qa {qafk |afqhmfk c bëx lmae hcevapvqkomykfk"apt|axkfk ae } tc| ok hcevmenaehmk/ hcbc ta|bkeaeva v|mevaoahvmwc } kgahvmwc fa fmxha|embmaevc/ fa lùx{qafk fa ok lqaek"wa|fkf xqbmfk ae ok mbta|gahhmøe } hcexahqaeva fax"c|faebkva|mko/ {qa fax"c|faek okx gkhqovkfax txmhc"keâbmhkx (ok bc|ko h|mxvmkek ktc|vk ao |ahq|xc fa ok N|khmk Xkh|kbaevko/ aehkt|ahmxkbaeva fa keqok| c kvaeqk| ao taxc fmxvc|xmcekeva } ta|"wa|vmfc| fa ok mbta|gahhmøe ekvq|ko-% Axvk fmbaexmøe c ë

hcevmenaeva fa ok omla|vkf"wcoqevkf ax qe `ah`c: ta|c xmnc hcewaehmfc {qa `k} qek cevcocnâk |kfmhko (gc|bko c axv|qhvq|ko- faOml|a T|mbk|mc (K%O%T%-/ tk|va fao Khvc Hcexhmaeva T|mbk|mc (K%H%T%-: awaevc aoabaevko {qa mevaeví faxh|mlm| hce ok mbknae wa|lagahvc axtahqok| ae ocx tqevcx h|âvmhcx fao ,hkbmec,/ {qa hkqxk ok hcefmhmøe a moqxmøe fa ok lmgq|hkhmøe c kova|ekvmwk% Fqfkomla|vkf"wcoqevkf ax tk|va fao bahkemxbc t|mbk|mc fao Kobk `qbkek/ `kl|âk omla|vkf"wcoqevkf kqe xm wmwmíxabcx qek apmxvaehmkta|gahvk/ hk|aeva fao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe a megoqaehmkx cxhq|kx: oc hqko tk|aha ctqaxvc k ok echmøe k|mxvcvíomhc"vcbmxvk {qa kok t|ctaexmøe ekvq|ko a ,m||axmxvmloa, `khmk ao Lmae"Xa|% ] ocx kevahafaevax ,`mxvø|mhc"xmbløomhcx, ba fk|âke ok |kyøe %%% Tc|{t|cvc"tk|aik `qbkek ae ao Tk|kâxc"Afíe wmwâk#wmwa qek apmxvaehmkomfkf ekvq|ko tq|k } ae toaek k|bceâk hce ao H|akfc| } ok h|akta|c hafa k ok ,vaevkhmøe, fao knaeva eankvmwc apva|ec: } xm oc `kha ax tc|{qa tqafa `kha|oc tqfmaefc awmvk|oc% C ok bmxbk ,|afa ocx ëenaoax,/ {qa chq||a ae qek hcefmhmøe tq|kbaeva axtm|mvqko (} {qa xcxtah`c xa bkemgmaxvk  t|c}ahvkfk ae#tc| eq`mxvc|mk-/ vkblmíe |awaok|âk {qa ok omla|vkf"wcoqevkf ax ao n|ke fce {qa Fmcx hce"hafa k xqx h|mkvq|kx xqta|mc|ax/ qek hqkeâbmhk |agoaic fa ok tcvaxvkf fmwmek ae xq |aokhmøe hce ao hcxbcx h|akfc (³} hcexmnc bmxbc ae ok fmeëbmhk fa ok hcegc|bv|memvk|mk3-: {qa tk|aha xa| konc bëx {qa ao xmbtoa agahvc fahmxmceko fa ok |aokhmøe aev|a ao kobk axtm|mvqko } ok bkva|mkhc||cbtmfk {qa kova|k axk k|bceâk ta|gahvk/ ae } tc| ok hqko ok omla|vkf bc|ko a|k ok xmbtoa/ fm|ahvk/ mebafmkvk } konc ,bahëem

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Hcbaevk|mc9³Keva {qí }#c {qmae }#c {qmaeax fílaxa |axtcefa| tc| ocx t|ctmcx khvcx3%%%: ³hqëo ax ao gqefkbaevc fa vko fala|"clomnkhmøeokmhmxbc xmnqa `khmaefc kh|clkhmkx fmxhq|xmwkx apv|abkx tk|k mevaevk| `kook| qe gqefkbaevc xøomfc k axa fala| {qa ax axaehmkhqko{qma| mexvkehmk fa c|nkemykhmøe xchmko {qa xme hka| ae ok vm|keâk c fmhvkfq|k/ awmva ao meawmvkloa hkcx c falkhoa k ok {qa hcefq|aokvmwmxbc bc|ko % Ta|c oc mbtcxmloa ec ax tcxmloa %%% ] va|bâekxa mewk|mkloabaeva ae bmvmgmhkhmceax fao hcehatvc fa hcewaemxkh|komykhmceax gavmh`mxvkx a mfcoëv|mhkx fao tcfa|"fa"okx"bk}c|âkx hm|hqexvkehmkoax } bkemtqokfkx tc| okx hkxvkx fa tcfa| gëhvxcgmxvmhkhmceax |khmcekoâxvmhkbaeva hc||ahvkx vke klxv|qxkx/ mexqxvkehmkoax } kqvc||aga|aevax {qa xa vc|eke mekga||kloax/ mev|kvkmeaevaefmloax k vcfc agahvc/ oc hqko tk|k bqh`cx ax xmeøembc fa ,wa|fkf,%%% Okx vm|keâkx mfacoønmhkx c txaqfc"|aomnmcxkx ec t|axt|cloabk konqec9 `k} qek wa|fkf cgmhmko } qe tcfa|cxc ktk|kvc bafmëvmhc/ megc|bkvmwc a megc|bkvmwc aehk|nkfc fa t|chokbfmgqefm|ok } ,babc|myk|ok, (ec aptomhk|ok/ tc|{qa ekfk `k} {qa |a{qma|k aptomhkhmøe |khmceko c fa hqko{qma| cv|c vmtc-: } qe tc f

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Ec hcbaevk|í ao kgc|mxbk fa Xh`ctae`kqa|/ hce hq}c tcxvqokfc fmxh|atc% Ok t|anqevk {qa xa tokevak ok ,gmocxcgâk fa ok omla|axtahvc k xq kqvcecbâk tq|k c xq hcefmhmcekbmaevc tc| ocx ,kevahafaevax,/ ax h|qhmko ta|c k||maxnk hcegqefm| ocx tokecx9 tcqek hcxk ax ok cevcocnâk } cv|k ok gaecbaecocnâk fa ok omla|vkf: } xøoc bafmkeva qe fmxhq|xc tk|kføimhc ax tcxmloa mevan|k| kmexvkehmkx xme hce"gqxmceax hcegqefmfc|kx %%%Ko bk|nae9 hqkefc oac axvcx hcbaevk|mcx kgm|bkvmwcx (,fmhae konc,-/ hkxm cowmfc bm t|ctmk kfwa|vaehmk vqvaok| } t|ahkqvcv|kvëefcxa fa axva vabk |kfmhko/ } v|kvëefcoc |kfmhkobaeva/ ax mbt|axhmefmloa |a"goapmcek| h|âvmhkbaeva xcl|a ao khvc fa `kha{qa hcefmhmcek vcvko } klxcoqvkbaeva ao t|afmhkfc/ xak hqko xak% C xak9 xme ok `mtøvaxmx c vaxmx hkvanø|mhk xcl|a ok  tk|kfcik {qa kxanq|k ao ,tqevc fa wmxvk, hcnecxhmvmwc/ xmvqëefcecx megmemvkbaeva oaicx"gqa|k a megmemvaxmbkobaeva faev|c"ha|hk fao kxqevc q cliavc axvqfmkfc/ xa|âk mbtcxmloa kt|ahmk|/ wkoc|myk| fmh`c axvqfmc } xqx hcehoqxmceax% Clwmc9 xm fahmbcx tc| ai% {omla|vkf"wcoqevkf tq|k ec apmxva c {qa ax |aokvmwk k/ ³{qí wkoc| c xqxvkehmkomfkf tqafa vaea| fmh`k kgm|bkhmøe3%%% Ax xmb

k|nqbaevc fa Xke Kexaobc xcl|a Fmcx/ {qa hcexmfa|c ,oønmhkbaeva, wëomfc% Ec v|kvk|í fa gc|bqok| ok apt|axmøe vapvqko"oønmhk ok klxcoqvay fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko/ } xøoc fm|í {qa ocx kembkoax/ ocx ë|lcoax c okx tmaf|kx ec xa tokevake ao t|cloabk: } ec ax xøochqaxvmøe fa hcehmaehmk |a"goapmwk9 ao xcoc `ah`c fa tcfa| fqfk| khkxc `k} c ec omla|vkf tq|k"klxcoqvk/ ax qe khvc fa omla|vkfkqe{qa ec klxcoqvk %%% ] axvk hcefmhmøe txaqfc"vkqvcoønmhk ec ktk|aha hce hqko{qma| kxqevc (taexk| c |kycek| xcl|a ao Kbc| tcv|c vabk t|mbc|fmko/ ec hcexvmvq}a qe khvc fa kbc| %%%-% Vkblmíe ae axvc ok `mtøvaxmx fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc hcev|mlq}a k c|fokx mfakx/ tc|{qa ko baecx mfaevmgmhk } axtahmgmhk ocx khvcx"khhmceax fa wcoqevkf }#c omla|vkf (aoahvmwk } khvmwk c t|cfqhvmwk- hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx hqkxm"tk|kføimhcx: c xm ec ocx hkomgmhkbcx hcbc vkoax/ xkl|abcx xmvqk|ocx fa konùe bcfc ae ao kbtomc axtc nkbk fa ok |akomfkf"bqefc% Ao ,{qa|a|, ae hkblmc ta|vaeaha|âk }k ko ëblmvc apmxvaehmko } hcbc vko xa aevmaefa baic| ae xmnemgmhkhmceko%K`c|k lmae/ ae ok cevcocnâk fao K%O%T% (Khvc Oml|a T|mbk|mc- ec wac {qa tk|vmhmta ao ,{qa|a|,/ khhmøe txâ{qmhk ,abchmceko, {bkva|mkomyk ok apta|maehmk fa ok omla|vkf ae ao tokec gaecbíemhc c `mxvø|mhc% Ok |aokhmøe aev|a ao {qa|a| / ok wcoqevkf (fa {qa|a|akomyk| oc {qa|mfc- } ok omla|vkf fa ctvk| tc| k{qaooc {qa {qa|abcx } ao {qí#hqkevc#høbc `khabcx tk|k hcexanqm|oc/ ax qe kx

lëxmhc fa ok ívmhk gaecbíemhk fa ok omla|vkf }#c fao T|chaxc Bc|ko% Ao kqvc"hcev|co c fcbmemc fa okx t|ctmkx vaefaehmkx/ ktavamexvmevcx } ,hcehqtmxhaehmkx,/ ax qek cta|khmøe txmhc"bc|ko hcbtoaik {qa mehoq}a ok |a"goapmøe kqvc"h|âvmhk } kqvc"xhøtmhk (xq ekvq|ko } ,kqvcbëvmhc, ax oc {qa faxh|mlc hce ok `mtøvaxmx fa ocx ,axhkeacx, bqovmfm|ahhmcekoax fao Xmxvabk Beíxmhc/ {qa agxcl|a xqx hcevaemfcx } ok |aokhmøe aev|a íxvcx } ao t|ctmc Xmxvabk/ ae hqkevc vko } |axtahvc ko Bcfaoc Tk|kfmnbëvmhc-: ta|ctk|aha|" ta|vaeaha k ok mexvkehmk fa oc apmxvaehmko/ } tc| oc vkevc ec `kook|abcx ae aooc tmxvkx tk|k aevaefa| c fawaok| ao bmxvaok omla|vkf% Xâ hcexmfa|c kha|vkfc kgm|bk| {qa okx ,vaefaehmkx, ec clxvkhqomyke/ xmec hcevapvqkomyke ao aia|hmhmc t|ëhvmhc fa ok oml} oc `a |amva|kfc k oc ok|nc fao aexk}c9 fava|bmekevax } hcefmhmcekevax `mxvø|mhkx (ta|xcekoax } ,apva|ekx,- ec kqbaevke em ombmn|kfc hqkomvkvmwc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko/ xøoc fagmeae xq bk|hc fa apt|axmøe/ fa ktomhkhmøe/ fa |akomykhmøe: } ok `mtøvaxmx fa ocx tfa |anmxv|c øevmhc * bcofax wm|vqkoax * bcfaoc tk|kfmnbëvmhc k}qfk k aevaefa|oc%Ao |khmcekomxbc fa Jkev oa iqank qek bkok tkxkfk %%%9 tmaexk ao vabk omla|vkf#wcoqevkf ae ao bcfc bëx tq|c/ klxv|khvc } ,oøtcxmloa/ ta|c vkblmíe bayhok oc øevmhc hce oc gaecbíemhc% Kfabëx "hcbc vkevcx" `klok fa ,omla|vkf fa ok wcoqevkf,/ oc hqko `{qa fabcxv|k|oc cevcoønmhk } txmhcoønmhkbaeva (ec `a t|cgqefmykfc ao kxqevc ta|c tc| oc wmxvc/ ok wcoqevkf ax qe khvc"ktxâ{qmhk (tk|kføimhk- vke ,kqvøecbc, hcbc tqafa xa|oc ao khvc fa omla|vkf% Wmehqokfk k aook xâ (ok wcoqevkf xme omla|vkf ec ,xaevmfc, 2 ec ax fm|ahhmcekloa-/ ta|c ae xâ t|ctmk% Ao aocnmc {qa Gmh`va `kha fao wcoqevk|mxbc/ tmaexc hc||axtcefk bëx ko hkbok txmhc"tkvcocnâk%

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Hcbc vcfc oc {qa `khabcx ax tc| qe bcvmwc/ okx khhmceax xa|âke ,|axqovkfc fa ok vaefaehmk fcbmekeva,: } hcbc oc {qa xqhafaqek hkqxk keva|mc|/ khklk|âk mbtcemíefcxa ok eahaxmfkf% Vcfc axvk|âk ta|gahvkbaeva fava|bmekfc } xa|âk t|awmxmloa tc| klxcoqvkbaeva |anmfc tc| oa}ax% Fmha L% Hqaook|9 ,eqaxv|k apta|maehmk fa omla|vkf xa |afqhm|âk k xa| qek menaeqk moqxmøe fa omla|vkOk fchv|mek fava|bmemxvk ec ax fabcxv|kloa: xmaefc hcexmfa|kfk qek `mtøvaxmx bavkgâxmhk c hmaevâgmhk% ] ocx fava|bmemxvkx |axtckfqhmaefc {qa aooc ax tc| ok gmemvqf fa ok baeva `qbkek } ok mbtcxmlmomfkf fa klk|hk| vcfcx ocx gkhvc|ax c ,axvkfcx fao qemwa|xcHcbaevk|mc9Oktokha `kha qek t|chokbk ta|gahvk fao bmvc bkva|mkomxvk/ bahkemhmxvk } fava|bmemxvk (hq}c a{qmwkoaeva |aomnmcxc xce okx fcht|afaxvmekhmcemxvkx#gkvkomxvkx ae wk|mkeva chhmfaevko  q c|maevko - : {qa ok gâxmhk hcevabtc|ëeak/ hcbaeykefc hce ao T|mehmtMeha|vmfqbl|a } okx vac|âkx hqëevmhkx/ xa aehk|nø fa fmxcowa| xme hcevabtokhmceax mehoqxc ae oc tq|kbaeva gâxmhc: khok|kefc {a|k xøoc qek hqaxvmøe bavcfcoønmhk |axtahvc k ok mehmfaehmk fao ,tqevc fa wmxvk, } khvc hcnecxhmvmwc ae ao cliavc axvqfmkfc/ xwmehqokhmøe axv|qhvq|ko aev|a aooc } ao ,axvkfc fa hcxkx,% Ao n|ke a||c| fao fava|bmemxbc/ {qa ax qek xmbtoa fchv|mek fa|mwkfkktk|maehmk fa okx ktk|maehmkx xaexmloax/ xcl|a oc hqko xa ktomhk qe |kycekbmaevc aoabaevko k"h|âvmhc (k"|agoapmwc-/ ax {qa vkb

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hcegqefa oc cevcoønmhc hce oc gaecbaecoønmhc/ } ae axvc Jkev faxvkhk/ kfwm|vmaefc ok h|qhmko fmga|aehmk% Vko a||c| ooawk k hcegqe,oa}ax,/ {qa xce tq|kbaeva ,wa|lko ax,/ hce ok bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk {qa okx apt|axk% Ok va|ha|k a{qmwchkhmøe ax hkxm qemwa|xko: fkfxa klxcoqvmyk (ae hma|vc bcfc bmvmgmhk } gavmh`myk- oc gaecbíemhc c gmnq|kvmwc/ h|a}aefc (ax qe khvc fa ,ga,- {qa oc ktk|aeva ax/apmxvaeva }k ax %%% Xme aevaefa| {qa xq |akomfkf apmxvaehmko apt|axk qe t|c}ahvc ae hq|xc fa ,|akomykhmøe,%³Tc|{qí ec ax tcxmloa/ hcbc h|aâke menaeqkbaeva ocx fava|bmemxvkx"bahkemhmxvkx/ hcecha|"mfaevmgmhk| ok tcxmhmøe#hcefmhmøe fatk|vâhqok bkva|mko/ t|awmk k xq bcwmbmaevc c khhmøe3%%% Xanùe ao T|mehmtmc fa Meha|vmfqbl|a (@amxaela|n-/ xøoc tcfabcx hcectcxmhmøe c ao t|cfqhvc fa ok bkxk p ok waochmfkf fa qek tk|vâhqok gâxmhk% Ta|c axa ,hcecha|, ax bëx {qa |aokvmwc/ tc|{qa okx tk|vec apmxvae fa tc| xâ em hcbc aevmfkf |ako klxcoqvk/ xmaefc xcokbaeva qek tcxmlmomfkf t|clkloa#wk|mkloa% Cevcoønmhkbaeva eklxcoqvahax ae ao hkbtc apmxvaehmko/ gaecbíemhc c gâxmhc: xøoc t|c}ahvcx tcvaehmkoax ae hq|xc fa khvqkomykhmøe% [qa ao qemwa|xcqe bcevøe ombmvkfc } fagmemfc fa ëvcbcx c {qk|jx "c oc {qa xak" ae bcwmbmaevc t|afahmloa/ ax konc {qa ok gâxmhk ae naea|k

bahëemhk hqëevmhk ae tk|vmhqok|/ xklae faxfa `kha bqh`cx fahaemcx/ ta|c ao ,fava|bmemxbc, xqlxmxva hcev|k vcfk awmfaehmk c o} oc `kha tc|{qa apt|axk qek khvmvqf abchmceko"kgahvmwk tcxmloa% Hok|c axvë {qa konqekx hmaehmkx (naeívmhk/ lmcocnâk/ txmhtcxmvmwmxvk/ xchmcocnâk/ avh%- hcev|mlq}ae k bkevaea| ok moqxmøe fao bahkemhmxbc"fava|bmemxbc {qa tk|aha faxv|cyk| ok echmøomla|vkf: {qa k ta{qaûk c bq} ha|hkek axhkok hqaxvk ae |akomfkf bqh`c |ahcecha|/ xm ec kfxh|mlmbcx qe aegc{qa mevan|ko |akomfkf#bqefc } xq `mxvc|mk% Ao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc faxh|mla qek n|ke wa|fkf ae qek gc|bk {qa ko baecx tk|k axva vmtc fa vak}qfk k hcbt|aefa|ocx baic|9 tcfabcx |a"hcecha| ecbmekobaeva ocx aevax (hcxkx/ awaevcx/ vaefaehmkx- ecbmekvmwxmnemgmhkvmwcx/ ta|c ec hcecha|ocx klxcoqvkbaeva tc|{qa ec xce/ xøoc apmxvae (ec xce cliavc fa hcechmbmaevc/ t|ahmxkbaeva txa| -% Ok |akomfkf gâxmhk ec ax/ ec kùe: apmxva/ } ec aevaefkbcx fmh`k apmxvaehmk hcbc qek axtahma fa wa|xmøe agâba|k/ mbta|gawqoea|kloa fa oc {qa ax klxcoqvk c toaekbaeva: xmec hcbc ok bkemgaxvkhmøe fa qek tcvaehmk wa|lko  ae hq|xc fa ,|akomykaevaefmaefc {qa okx hcxkx apmxvaevax ,tk|ahae xa|, keva ok hcexmfa|khmøe xmnemgmhkvmwk/ tc|{qa ,tqafae ooank| k xa|, } faxvmekfkx k aooc tc|{qa axa ax ao toke fmwmec% Ta|c ax qek ,tcxmlmomfkf, cg|ahmfk oml|a } kbc|cxkbaeva k ok ,omla|vkf bc|kaevax"gaeøbaecx apmxvaevax ec xce hcxkx mbta|gahvkx (tchc } bko axaehmkoax- {qa |axtcefae k qek eqla aví|ak fa oa}ax mewmxml

vkbtchc konc ktk|va fa axa konc {qa xce okx oa}ax wa|lko ax (xa|âk fqkomxbc9 bkva|mkomfkf } axtm|mvqkomfkf axhmefmfkx/ ctqaxvkxok bkemgaxvkhmøe fao khvc wa|lko / fa axk tcvaehmk } faxac fa xa| {qa xa v|kexbmva hcbc ke`aoc/ {qa xa apt|axk/ t|c}ahvk ae } bkva|mkomfkf gmnq|kvmwk {qa ax ao agahvc fao khvc  wa|lko  ae hq|xc f|kbëvmhc fa ,|akomykhmøe, (`mxvc|mk vaexmcekfk tc| gqkevknøemhkx cliavmwkx-% ] ao qemwa|xc gâxmhc ax ok  t|c}ahhmøe fa fmh`c khvc/ ok apt|axmøe fa xq megoqic/ ok bkva|mkomykhmøe ft|c}ahvc fa |akomykhmøe ae hq|xc/ ae toaec faxk||cooc/ ae ,`mxvc|mk, c awcoqhmøe gmekomxvk% Ta|c "mexmxvc"/ xm lmae axvk vaefaehmk vmaípmvc gmeko#gmekomxvk nk|kevmykfc tc| ao Wa|lc Fmwmec {qa kxqbmø ok hcefmhmøe bkva|mko#`qbkek } xq `mxvc|mk (xme ok Aehk|ekhmøWa|lc ao qemwa|xc#bqefc axvk|âk kncemykefc hcbc qe t|c}ahvc g|khkxkfc-/ ec ax qek xahqaehmk bahëemhk qemokva|ko } qeâ|axtahvc k hq}k fm|ahv|my hkqxkomxvk } t|afava|bmemxvk xøoc tcfabcx a{qmwchk|ecx: xmec qe t|c}ahvc hqkomvkvmwkbaeva gmekogmekomykeva ae ok Bavk"Fmcx/ qek gkevëxvmhk (ec gkevkxmcxk %%%- t|cn|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk } h|akvmwk+%%% Ax ok h|akhmøe fmwmek {qa hcehce xq fmkoíhvmhk xqlomba aev|a oc mebqvkloa"oa} } oc eqawc/ ecwafcxc/ t|ch|akvmwc } t|ckhvmwc: v|klkikefc hce xq h|ahqkomvkvmwkbaeva bëpmbk9 ao `cbl|a {qa ,k mbknae } xabaikeyk, fao H|akfc|/ hcbtk|va vkblmíe xq omla|vkf tk|k hc|axtcexkloa } khvmwkbaeva ok h|akhmøe (ok hqkomfkf fa ,Mbknc Fam, {qafk nk|kevmykfk/ hqbtomfk } |akomykfk hce ok aehk|ekhmøWa|lc/ {qa hqkomgmhk } ,|akomyk, ok `mxvc|mk ae vcfc xaevmfc (vcfcx ocx vmabtcx-/ hcexcomfkefc ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc } ok Tk|Txâ{qmhk-% Axvc oc `a fmh`c wk|mkx wahax } xcxtah`c eahaxmvk qe aiabtoc bëx hok|c% Oc mevaevc9Hqkefc xa kgm|bk {qa ok |akomfkf gmnq|kvmwk ,ec ax/ xøoc apmxva, } {qa ,axvë ae hq|xc fa |akomykhmøe,/ tqafa {qa xa aevmaebcfc vke klxv|khvc {qa k ok `c|k fa ktomhk|oc tk|k "tc| ai%" |agqvk| ao moqxmcemxbc fava|bmemxvk/ ec xm|wa %%%+% Tc|{qa tawmfaehmk xaexc|mko/ bëx fa konqmae |alkvm|âk9 ao hcbtqvkfc| ae ao hqko axh|mlc axvc/ ax qe `ah`c lmae hcexcomfkfc/ |ahcev|k{qa axvë k{qâ `kha kûcx } {qa ec `k hkblmkfc qe ëtmha } tc| axc xmnqa gqehmcekefc vko hqko avh%%% Tqax lmae9 xâ `k hkbltc|{qa ao xmbtoa bcwmbmaevc fa qe t|cvøe ae ocx hcegmeax fao qemwa|xc gâxmhc kova|k xq bkxk } oc hkblmk: ta|c ec ax qek hqafa hkblmcx c wk|mkhmceax hcegmnq|kvmwkx/ xmec fa konc bëx |kfmhko9 axva hcbtqvkfc| ec ax konc/ ec ax %%%/ ec ax qek |akomfkfxa, em ,me xa,: a mefataefmaeva fa xqx hkblmcx gâxmhcx/ tqafa fahm|xa xme kxcbc fa fqfk/ {qa `c} ax qe tchc bëx |ako {qa k}%%% hcbc vcfc ao qemwa|xc c bëx lmae/ hcbc ok ,|akomfkf#bqefc,+% ] aooc ax qe `ah`c hma|vc } wa|fkfa|c {qa vkblmíe apt|axmøe gâxmhk (falmaxae `kla| gø|bqokx c gc|bqokhmceax gâxmhc"{qâbmhkx {qa fma|ke hqaevk fa axva fmga|aehmko fa |ak

 t|cn|axmwk% [qa konqmae okx faxhql|k+%%%-/ ta|c xa aevmaefa hklkobaeva ae ta|xtahvmwk mevan|ko c tk|kføimhk9 ao Bcfaoc Tk|kfbqaxv|k ao f|kbk tk|kføimhc aeva|c/ hcbtoavc/ tc|{qa ax qek gcvcn|kgâk øevmhk c ,ecqbíemhk, hcbc fm|âk Jkev (fa ,ec

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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klxcoqvkbaeva falmfc k okx fax"xmeh|cemykhmceax t|cfqhvc fao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe } ok `mta|"khvmwmfkf fa ocx knaevax cxok |akomfkf kqe ec xa `k hcexcomfkfc bmaev|kx ok eqawk } bavk"`mxvc|mk }k hcbaeyø/ oc hqko naea|k qek oâeak fa g|mhhmøe } hcekfmhmceko: {qa ok N|khmk Xkh|kbaevko ktc|vkfk hcevmeqk } n|kvqmvkbaeva tc| ao Axtâ|mvq Xkevc k {qmaeax ok mewchke/ |ahcefaxake } khatvke/ xa aehk|nk fa hcev|cok| } n|kfqkobaeva xqta|k|% Ta|c mexmxvc9 axva hcbtqvkfc| lmae xøomfc {qa axvë kevktk|va {qa xqx ëvcbcx } bcoíhqokx xa axvíe faxtokykefc } vaexmcekefc ko hkoc| fa bqh`kx vaexmceax a megoqicx: xa axvë bcwmtcvaehmkobaeva tc|{qa ax tk|va fao t|mba| n|ke bcwmbmaevc/ vaefaehmk a `mxvc|mk `khmk ok ,|akomykhmøe,/ `khmk ok |akomfkf t|mb] bmaev|kx xmnqa xqg|maefc axvc/ }k ax tk|va fa ok xanqefk } bavk"`mxvc|mk/ oc hqko xa kt|ahmk tc| ao qxc xmnemgmhkhmceko {qa q`qbkec `kha fa ío+%%%

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tk|k ,`kha| |akomfkf, ao fce fa xa|"apmxvm| k xq mbknae } xabaikeyk%Qe hâemhc c eankvmwmxvk tcf|âk khatvk|oc ta|c k xq bcfc/ } fahm|9 ,axa hcbtqvkfc| `k hkblmkfc aev|a k}a| } `c}/ aev|a `kmexvkeva } k`c|k: ta|c k`c|k ec ,ax bëx,/ xmec baecx/ tc|{qa ao t|c}ahvc"bqefc g|khkxø } fa|mwk meapc|kloabaeva `khfmxcoqhmøe ae ok ekfk %%%/ vaefaehmk {qa k`c|k ax t|ëhvmhkbaeva mbta|hatvmloa c mekt|ahmkloa/ ta|c {qa ko gmeko xa khaoa|k|ë ae ahkvkhomxbc {qa t|ahafa|ë ok mbtocxmøe fao qemwa|xc"hcxbcx ae ok ekfk fa ok hqko xq|nmø klxq|fkbaeva %%% Tqax lmae9 kooâ ambtc|vkehmk xaûa|k } tcvaeva fao H|mxvc"Wa|lc/ ao h|akfc| fao qemwa|xc/ ao Kogk } Cbank {qa axvë k{qâ ae ok hcevmenkhcbtkûëefcecx ,ae hk|ea t|ctmk, `khmk axa gmeko {qa vko way xâ xak qe vkevc hkvkxv|øgmhc/ c knøemhc (kevknøemhc- tc|{qa oml|k|ë ok lkvkook gmeko aev|a ok bqa|va }k bqa|vk } ok Wmfk Toaek/ ao Xa|: } ao qemwa|xc"hcxbcx xa|ë v|kexgc|bkfc/ |anaea|noc|mgmhkfc/ kohkeykefc ok toaemvqf% Ta|c ec vcfcx/ ec vcfcx/ xøoc {qmaeax oml|abaeva oc `k}ke khatvkfc/ h|aâfc } khvqkfc (ec oc}c/ ax ao hqkf|c ktchkoâtvmhc c |awaokfc| {qa hqobmek ao Oml|c-%Qe aiabtoc tk|k aptomhk|oc9 hqkefc xa ,faxhk|nk, c kl|a qek gcvcn|kgâk ae kovk fagmemhmøe faxfa Meva|eav } ae gc|bkvc qxqkobaeva hcbmaeyk k ktk|aha| ok mbknae ooaekefc ok tkevkook ae gc|bk n|kfqko (tc| oâeakx c g|keikx `c|mycevkoax-/ faxfa `khmk klkic% Ta|c ae hcevkfkx chkxmceax "a mnec|c ok |kyøe" ok n|ëgmhk ktk|aha hcbtoavk fa mebafmkvc ta|c ecvcmbta|hatvmloabaeva waokfk c mbta|gahvk (,tmpaokfk,-: } xøoc xm `khabcx qe ,yccb, c bm|kbcx kvaevkbaeva ecvkbcx {qa axctk|ahâk xa| qe cliavc }k hcexvmvqmfc/ ae |akomfkf xa axvë faexmgmhkefc/ ta|gahhmcekefc tchc k tchc (ae hktkx xqhaxmw

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bâvmhk/ ao kevmnqc bmvc bkva|mkomxvk ae ao hqko xa |ahka qek } cv|k way tc| hk|aha| fa qek ta|xtahvmwk mevan|ko } tk|kføimhk9 ok bklxcoqvk/ toaek } klxcoqvkbaeva apmxvaeva } konc bëx {qa axc %%%+/ t|mehmtmc abchmceko#kgahvmwc {qa  t|c}ahvk mekt|ctmkfkevmhmtkfkbaeva ae ok |akomfkf cliavmwk apva|ek (apmxvaehmko } tcvaehmko- hkvanc|âkx øevmhkx meva|ekx (xqliavmwkx } cliavmwkx- kiaaooc: kiaekx k ok `mxvc|mhmfkf fa oc apmxvaeva } kevmhmtc wm|vqko fa oc axaehmko/ wëomfc a mefmxtaexkloa xmabt|a } hqkefc ec xa ombt|ctmkbaeva tk|k klxcoqvmyk| oc hcevmenaeva c bcfaomyk| qek mbknae klxcoqvk fa oc hcevmenaeva c hc}qevq|ko/ fa oc {qa ,kax, } xøoc apmxva-% K`c|k lmae9 okx vac|âkx fa ok bahëemhk hqëevmhk "} apta|mbaevcx#ktomhkhmceax fa|mwkfcx" `ke hcbtoaimykfc lkxok echmøe vaø|mhk fa bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk/ `kxvk ao oâbmva } qbl|ko fa oc bavkgâxmhc/ gc|bko/ xmbløomhc } , wa|lko ,: kem{qmokefhcevabtokhmøe konqek ocx hëefmfcx bmvcx ,hcexmxvaehmkomxvkx, fao bkva|mkomxbc |cbëevmhc: ta|c ao xqlgcefc } v|kxgcefc txâ{qokx ta|vq|lkhmceax keâbmhkx {qa t|cfqhae vkoax h|aaehmkx a||øeakx/ xqlxmxvae } xqlxmxva#ta|xmxva hkxm hqko kpmcbk c awmfm||agqvkloa a mefmxhqvmloa ok h|aaehmk hmank ae ok apmxvaehmk hcexcomfkfk fa ok bkva|mk gâxmhk hcbc konc"|ako"{qa"}k"ax% Xa khatvkaxvë {qa ae okx g|ceva|kx bmh|c } bkh|c xqhafae gaeøbaecx |aokvmwcx/ mehma|vcx } hcegqxcx fa kem{qmokhmøe/ v|kexgc|bkhmøe a mektk|ahmbmaevc (oc ookbke mbt|ctmkbaeva ,h|akhmøe,- fa tk|vâhqokx } xql"tk|vâhqokx: ta|c oc meva|t|avke ae hokwa ,hcexmxv(tk|koaokbaeva xq|nae fchv|mekx hcbc ok ,kqvctcmaxmx, {qa xm lmae hcbtoaimyk ok echmøe fa |akomfkf fmeëbmhk/ ktomhk cv|c bmv

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bëx a||øeac9 ok bkva|mkomfkf {qa xa kqvc"h|ak } kqvc"c|nkemyk tc| xâ bmxbk/ clwmk tk|cfmk xcomtxmxvk fao |co h|akfc| } gc|bkomfmwmec-/ t|axqtcemaefc {qa9 ok |akomfkf bkva|mko"gâxmhk axvë hcexvmvqmfk ae xq bk}c| tk|va/ okx tk|vâhqokx aoabaevkoax ,ahcexmxvaevabaeva, kqe{qa xce wqoea|kloax k hkblmcx/ kova|khmceax/ wk|mkhmceax a mehoqxc kem{qmokbmaevc: } k axhkok ,vcvko, ktkeqawkx tk|vâhqokx vkevc hcbc faxktk|ahae: ta|c axvkx goqhvqkhmceax xøoc kn|anke c {qmvke bkva|mk k ok bkva|mkomfkf% Aevceh{qa xcxvaenc ax konc xqvmo } f|kbëvmhkbaeva fmga|aeva9;%" Ok bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk ax meaevaefmloa tc| xâ }#c ae xâ bmxbk / tc|{qa ae xâ } tc| xâ hk|aha fa xmnemgmhkehmk oc hqko mbtomhombmvkhmøe |kfmhko xqliavmwk } cliavmwk9 xqliavmwk tc| hqkevc okx aevmfkfax me"xmnemgmhkevax ec xce kt|ahmkloax c |ahcechmloax ttxm{qmxbc `qbkec (xak ok ,baeva, c ao ,hc|kyøe, (mevaoahvc/ mevqmhmøe/ mbknmekhmøe-/ axv|qhvq|kfc } xmxvabkvmykfc ae gqehmøe } fa ok xmnemgmhkehmk (ko baecx ae xqx xmxvabkx cta|kvmwcx xqta|mc|ax/ hcbc ok Babc|mk/ {qa cta|k ae lkxa k hcevaemfcx øevXmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx } Hkomgmhkfcx (hkt% 8%8--: cliavmwk tc|{qa oc k"xmnemgmhkeva ta|bkeaha ae ocx axv|kvcx mega|mc|ax

,|akomfkf,/ bëx t|øpmbc k okx hkâfkx aev|øtmhkx c ko kem{qmokbmaevc {qa fa ok gc|bkomykhmøe wa|lko c gc|bko#axtm|mvqko xqta|mchcefqha k ok v|kxhaefaehmk }#c toaemvqf fa#fao Xa|%<%" Ok bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk hcbmaeyk k aevaefa|xa/ |ahcecha|xa ,mevaomnaevabaeva, hce hcehatvqkomykhmceax mevan|koax/ hcBcfaoc Tk|kføimhc (c konc baic|-% Xme ok hcexmfa|khmøe fao Gkhvc| Wa|lko/ ok bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk ax ktk|maehmk fmeëbmhk/ hcev|kfm(hcegomhvc aev|a xq mbknae xmbløomhk c fagmemfk/ } xq bqvklmomfkf -: } ae fagmemvmwk klxq|fk (tc| axc/ hqkefc ocx kevmnqcx kek|{|kfmhkoax ooanklke ko oâbmva fa xq khvmvqf/ t|ctceâke ao kem{qmokbmaevc vcvko/ qek bqa|va {qa kevmhmtk|k oc {qa kt|ahmklke hcùemhk hcehoqxmøe tcxmloa k qek |akomfkf#bqefc me"kt|ahmkloa/ me"wmwmloa: k fmga|aehmk fa ocx khvqkoax kvaâxvkx omn`v  %%%/ {bkevmaeae t|qfaevabaeva k fmxvkehmkx t|qfaevax fa vke gkvkoax xmeha|mfkfax+%%%-% Ao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc ktc|vk kfabëx qek `mtmeva|axkeva {qa k}qfk k xqta|k| ocx |maxncx fqkomxvkx9 ok wkoc|mykhmøe fao |co fa ok Mbknae xmvqkfk ae ao   tqevc megoapmwchaev|komfkf %8%" Ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc ax qe t|c}ahvc/ qek `mxvc|mk ae hq|xc fa ,|akomykhmøe, / qek vaexmøe fmeëbmhk/ f|kbëvmhk } h|akvmwkaev|a ao khvc h|akfc| } gc|bkomykfc| fao Gkhvc| Wa|lko } xq bkemgaxvkhmøe/ t|c}ahhmøe }#c apt|axmøe hcbc Gmnq|k c bkva|mkomfkf

(meva|bafmkfk tc| ok Mbknae-% Axva bcwmbmaevc hcbmaeyk ,ae c|mnae } ae t|mehmtmc, ae/ hce } tc| ao khvc h|akfc| oml|a } kbc|cFmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec (fmeëbmhc/ qe Fmcx ùemhc#xcoc xa|âk/ axvk|âk } ta|bkeaha|âk ava|ek } klxcoqvkbaeva hcegmekfc ae/ hcexmnc bmxbc/ xme bcvmwc konqec tk|k ,xkom| fa xâ, } hkqxk|/ h|ak| } c|mnmek| apmxvaehmk konqek ,gqa|k fa xâ, +++%%%: } em xm{vaef|âk ,|kyøe, konqek tk|k   iqnk| k h|ak| konc/ hcbc `khae ocx fabmq|ncx fa ocx bmvcx neøxvmhcx-: xmaefc ok Omla|vkf } ao Kbn|ke oa} {qa |mna ok H|akhmøe } xqx h|mkvq|kx% Aooc ec ax qe awaevc hcehoqmfc/ ok awcoqhmøe bkva|mko ec ax xøoc qek xqhaxmøe fa hkxabm"kyk|cxcx }#c xabm"gmekomxvkx c hqkxm"vaefaehmcxcx/ xmec qek t|cn|axmøe bkva|mko } axtm|mvqko/ gmnq|kvmwk a mbknmekvm,|akomykhmøe,: } tc| axc "vko way hk|mhkvq|mykefc" xcxvaenc {qa ao hcbtqvkfc| {qa qxc ko axh|mlm| axvc/ `c} ax qe tchc bëx ,|ahcexmxvaeva {qa k}a|+%

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 ec haxc fa xc|t|aefa|ba keva ok apv|kc|fmek|mk xmbtoayk/ hcbtoaimfkf } tcvaehmk fao t|mehmtmc fa ok Xxbk% V|memfkf: } oc fmnc taexkefc ae ao |hcbaevk|mc/ {qa ec apt|axklk ecwafkf konqek ta|c xcl|a hq}c hcevaemfc eqehk `klâk |agoapmcekfc hce vkevk hok|mfkf/ xmevmaefc xq wa|fkf+% Tc| qek hba|kbaeva t|c}ahvmwk } kgahvmwk/ t|ctmk fa txm{qmxbcx ta|xceko } awcoqvmwk"`mxvø|mhkbaeva mebkfq|kx/ ocx h|a}aevax (} vkblmíe ocx ec vkevc %%%- xcoabcx axtamevaevk| aevaefa|/ mbknmek| xcl|a ocx ,tc|{qí, t|mba|cx } ùovmbcx/ xak xcl|a ao n|ke bmxva|mc fao ,tc|{qí apmxvmbcx }#c apmxva konc ae way fa ok mbtchcev|kfmhvc|mk ekfk klxcoqvk c vcvko,/ xak xcl|a okx |kyceax/ bcvmwkhmceax {qa vqwc } vmaea Fmcx tk|k `kha| oc {qa `kha/ tk|k `kla| `ah`c oc {qa `myc }

axtahâgmhk bkea|k% Em klok| fao k|h`m|ahq||aeva vabk fao Bko } ao Xqg|mbmaevc/ c fao tc|{qí Fmcx h|aø ao qemwa|xc kxâ } ec ae gc|bk ta|gahvk vko {qa ec `qlmaxt|cloabk %%%/ c xm khkxc xøoc h|aø axva qemwa|xc c bqh`cx cv|cx avh% avh% avh%%% T|anqevkx wëomfkx tc| hma|vc (³`k} konqek {qa ec oc xak3%%%-/ ta|c menaeqkx t|axqtceae qe fmëocnc ombmvkfc k qek h|mkvq|k taexkeva qeâwchk } qemokva|ko/ } xq |agoaic klxcoqvmykfc {qa ax ok Mbknc fa Fmcx"xcoc"ùemhc/ vke xcoc hcbc axk mf}cmhk mehmtmaeva a mebkfq|k {qa tk|va xâ ae ok qemhmfkf } aphoqxmwmfkf"vcvko ecbmeko/ ta|c xa favmaea kooâ xme hcbtoavk| ok Mbknc Fam {qa ax fmeëbmhk } v|mAevcehax ecx ombmvkbcx k t|anqevk|ecx xcl|a qe Fmcx {qa ax qe fmcx"hk|mhkvq|k/ c ok wa|xmøe kbtomkfk fa eqaxv|k hcehmaehmk (ok hcehmaehmk mebkfq|k a mehcbtxa| ,Mbknc Fam,-% Ao Fmcx t|mbmvmwc fa ocx kolc|ax fao bcecvaâxbc/ qe Fmcx xcoc+%%%/ ùemhc } klxcoqvc ta|c kt|mxmcekfc ae xq xcoafkf/ |aga|mfc xøoc k xâ bmxbxcomtxâxvmhkbaeva %%%: qe Fmcx {qa va|bmek t|cevc xmaefc qe xmbtoa fmcx a meawmvkloabaeva qe fabmq|nc høxbmhkbaeva xcomvk|mc/ faxnk||kfc aev|a ao axtahv|ekfk } okx megmemvkx tcxmlmomfkfax fa ,`kha| konc,/ {qa xce vcfkx } vcfkx meiqxvmgmhkfkx %%%: tc|{qa axa fmcx"xcoc ec vaef|âk |kyøe/ bcvmwc em iqxvmgmhkhmøe konq`kha| konc/ hcbc ec xak qe høxbmhc klq||mbmaevc c tac| kùe/ qe høxbmhc faxhcehma|vc/ kenqxvmk } avh% %%% Fa kooâ ae kfaokeva/ ekfk xa aevmaefa } ok |akomfkf"bqemwa|xc"hcxbcx ktk|aha hcbc qek hcocxko k|lmv|k|mafkf/ } tk|k hcobc mbta|gahvk/ bko `ah`k/ c bko tokemgmhkfk/ c wqoea|kloa k gqa|ykx kevknøemhkx %%% Ta|c okFam gqehmcek+%%%/ } ae ok hqovq|k `mxvø|mhk/ ao bcecvaâxbc t|mbmvmwc hqobmek axtoíefmfkbaeva ae ok echmøe fa ok V|memfkf Fmwmek } aevcehax ao tkec|kbk xa khmebafmkvc+%%%/ fa ah`c ax ok Oqy {qa axvkook bk|kwmoocxkbaeva ae eqaxv|c meva|mc| } apva|mc|mfkf/ } ao qemwa|xc"hcxbcx xa khok|k tc| ok Oqy } hcbc agahvc fa ok Oax ok ,xcbl|k fa Fmcx,/ fao Ocncx/ fao wa|lc/ ao Wa|lc Fmwmec/ } ao Axtâ|mvq Fmwmec/ } ao Tkf|a+%%%%S,‧ Ok Lmlomk tokevak qek |aokhmøe axv|ah k aev|a xa| h|akfcx ,k mbknae fa Fmcx, } ao `ah`c fa xa| ,`cbl|a } bqia|, (w% Ne ;/<>-% Ok xabaikeyk hcexmxva ae axax ùemhc } xcoc/ ta|c ec ax xcomvk|mc% Ao kbc| apmna hcbqemøe/ meva|hkblmc meva|ta|xceko/ |a{qma|a {qa `k}k qe ,}c, } qe ,vù,% Tc| axc ao Fmcx h|mxvmkec ax qec } v|

Ío hcapmxvae qemfkf } fmxvmehmøe9 qemfkf fa ekvq|koayk/ fa wcoqevkf/ fa mevaehmøe/ } fmxvmehmøe fa hk|khva|âxvmhkx } fa ta|xcekx% T|ahmxkbaeva ae axvc ok tk|aik `ax mbknae fa Fmcx% Ok gkbmomk `qbkek ax |agoaic fa ok V|memfkf% Bk|mfc } bqia| xce/ ae agahvc/ qek xcok hk|ea/ qe xøoc hc|kyøe/ qek xcok kobk/ kùe ae ok fmwa|xxapc } fa ta|xcekomfkf% Ocx axtcxcx axvëe qec keva cv|c hcbc qe ,}c, } qe ,vù,/ } axvëe g|aeva k vcfc ao |axvc fao bqefc/ abtaykefc tc| ocx t|ctmcx `micx/ hc,ecxcv|cx,/ hcbc xm xa v|kvk|k fa qek xcok ta|xcek/ ta|c }k ec xmenqok|/ xmec toq|ko% ,Ecxcv|cx,/ c xak/ ,vq bkf|a } }c,/ ,vq tkf|a } }c,% Kxâ `kloø Bk|âk kfaxtqíx fa aehcev|k|oa ae ao vabtoc‧ ,% S T% \kema|c Hkevkokbaxxk (ae YAEMV%c|n <0#;<#<44>- 

Wcowmaefc ko tqevc9 hqkefc taexkbcx } |agoapmcekbcx xcl|a ocx ,bcvmwcx fa Fmcx tk|k h|ak| ao qemwa|xc"hcxbcx,/ c xcl|a høbc xa|âk oc {qa ec xa|âk %%%/ fa ec `ah`c } fa ec hcevmeqk| `khmíefcoc/ agahvqkbcx qek cta|khmøe txâ{qmhk hcbtoaik } t|clkloabaeva hcbtoaik/ {qa mehoq}a ok gkhvq|k fa qe hcexv|qhvc txmnemgmhkeva/ } tk|k aooc `k fa meva|waem| eahaxk|mkbaeva ok mbknmekhmøe / aevaefmaefc tc| aook ec ao gkevkxac n|ëgmhc (xql"t|cfqhvc bëx c baecx |axt|cvknøemhc xanùe xak ao hkxc- xmec axk khhmøe#khvc haev|ko } haev|komykeva {qa ,h|qyk, ao hcexv|qhvc ae hma|eax hce ok c okx haev|komfkfax bëx âevmbkx fa ok V\ako (wmehqokefc ocx |axtahvmwcx tqevcx megoapmwcx fa okx |axtahvmwkx hcexmxvaehmkx tk|kføimhkx-/ kxvk hcexcomfk| axk Mbknae {qa ae okx hqkxm/ txaqfc } tk|k"tk|xqxvmvq}a ok hceh|ahmøe gmnq|kvmwk% Gmekobaeva tcf|abcx axvkloaha| qe wâehqoc txmhc"ta|xceko hce k{qao hcexv|qhvc/ {qa ecx ta|bmvm|ë ,vkblmíe, mbknmek|oc% Oqtaexk| xcl|a ao bmxva|mc fao khvc h|akfc| fmwmec/ kfabëx fa |kycek|oc ,mevaomnaevabaeva,/ vkblmíe oc mbknmekbcx "lmae c bko/ tchc c bqh`c": } ko `vaefa|abcx k t|c}ahvk|ecx c k t|c}ahvk| qe hceiqevc#hcbtoaic kgahvmwc ta|xceko/ ae fmh`c hcexv|qhvc% Ae tkokl|kx xmbtoax9 ko |kycek| xcl|a ao khvc fmwmec/ fbcfc ecx xmvqkbcx ae ok hcefmhmøe fa Fmcx+%%%/ } ae ao gcefc taexkbcx/ xaevmbcx a mbknmekbcx ,{qí `k|âkbcx ecxcv|cx xm gqíxabcx Fmcx,: c {qí `kl|âkbcx `tc|{qí oc `mhmbcx/ tc| hqkoax bcvmwcx/ hce {qí ,ëembc, c fmxtcxmhmøe avh% avh% Axvc ec ax qe a||c| kqe{qa xâ qek ombmvkhmøe fmxvc|xmcekfc|k xm eqaxv|c txm{qmx

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mebkfq|c: tc|{qa k||maxnkbcx va|bmek| vac|mykefc ec xcl|a ok khhmøe } khvc fmwmec cliavmwc xmec xcl|a eqaxv|k kt|ahmkhmøe kgahvmwk (kgahvkfk- fa aooc: } tcbk}c|âk fa ocx vaøocncx } fchv|meøocncx ,kev|ctcbc|gmyke, vkevc k ok `c|k fa aptomhk| ocx bmxva|mcx fa ocx t|chafa|ax fmwmecx: vmûíefcocx vkevc fa hceecvkabchmcekoax `qbkekx mebkfq|kx/ {qa ok oanâvmbk |axcekehmk } a{qmwkoaehmk axv|qhvq|ko "wëomfk tc| xa| ecxcv|cx Mbknc Fam keëocnc"|agoaik } tk|vmhqok|" kfaxwm|vqk|xa c baecxhklk|xa keva vkevk `qbkemykhmøe |afqhvmwk/ hcehoq}aefc ae qek tk|cfmk |cbëevmhk fao khvc } khhmøe fmwmek+%%% Ta|c ao bk}c| t|cloabkhqkefc axvk t|c}ahhmøe#a{qmwkoaehmk ax t|khvmhkfk tc| qe txm{qmxbc }cmhc mebkfq|c } tc| aefa ancâxvk/ ancvmxvk } anchíev|mhc: xa hka ae ok hk|mhkvq|mykhmøexcoc"ae xâ: } va|bmekbcx mbknmekefc k Fmcx hqko wa|xmøe klxcoqvmykfk fa eqaxv|c Anc+%%% Ao kevâfcvc ax xmbtoa } ta|gahvc9 ao t|mehmtmc fa ok V|memfkf Fmwmek: {qa

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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vkblmíe h|qfc %%% Ae hqko{qma| hkxc axvkbcx `klokefc fa ok ,|akomykhmøe t|mbk|mk,/ {qa kqe ae xq baic| |axcoqhmøe gmnq|kgaecbíemhk/ ax xmabt|a wm|vqko"tcvaehmko } axta|k ok n|ke v|kexgc|bkhmøe"|akomykhmøe gmeko%Ao aiabtoc fa ok vc|vk ax faxkgc|vqekfc %%%/ tc|{qa `k} qek fmga|aehmk hqkomvkvmwk aev|a oc Bmh|c } oc Bkh|c9 oc {qa axvë#xqkfaev|c ec ax mnqko k oc {qa axvë#xqhafa kgqa|k (ao k||mlk ec ax mnqko ko klkic+: oc hqkxm"megmemvaxmbko ec ax keëocnc k oc hqkxm"meem oc âegmbc"tk|vmhqok| k oc bëpmbc"vcfc-: kqe{qa `k} qek wmehqokhmøe fa hcevmeqmfkf } vcvkomfkf gc|bko/ {qa ao Bcfaoc Tk|kfbqaxv|k k xq bcfc% Tk|k aevaefa|oc `k} {qa agahvqk| qek cta|khmøe hcnecxhmvmwk {qa vkblmíe ax qe ,h|qha, aev|a ok tk|txâ{qmhk } ok tk|kfcik bqefc/ ta|c qe h|qha bq} axtahmko (fmga|aeva ko h|qha gc|bkomykfc| ' bkva|mkomykfc| fa okx hqkxm } ttk|kfcikx txâ{qmhkx-: } aooc "ae ao baic| fa ocx hkxcx"/ hcehoqm|ë ae qe bcfaoc hcehatvqko {qa vkblmíe }#c kfabëx/ hcexvmvqm|ecwafkf cliavmwk |axtahvc k ok Vapvq|k fa \akomfkf% K t|ctøxmvc9 ³høbc |agc|bqok| c gc|bqok| qek wa|xmøe gaecbaecoønmhkVapvq|k \ako/ {qa hcexmfa|a c mehc|tc|a axva echmøe fa ok axhkok n|kfqko fa |akomykhmøe3%%% N|kefax vabkx taefmaevax%

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ocx fava|bmemxbcx: } xm lmae ok hktkhmfkf fa mewaevmwk } hc"h|akvmwmfkf ecx mfaevmgmhk hce qe xaooc fmwmec/ } kqe{qa aooc fabq{qa ok ,|akomfkf#bqefc ax qek `mxvc|mk ae hq|xc mbt|awmxvc a mbt|awmxmloa fa ,|akomykhmøe,: fa aooc ec xa fafqha oønmhkbaomla|vkf `qbkek/ kqe{qa ok mbtomhk% Ao fava|bmemxbc xchmko ktk|aha ae cv|kx fchv|mekx gmocxøgmhkx c xchmcoønmhkx (abtaykefc hbk|pmxbc"oaememxbc/ {qa tcxvqok qek ,omla|khmøe `mxvø|mhk, hcbc t|chaxc hqobmekeva t|mba|c ae ok ,fmhvkfq|k fao t|coavk|mkoqanc ae ao xchmkomxbc"hcbqemxbc avh% Wk}k h`mxva h|qao+% Ecvk9 Bk|p eqehk kfwm|vmø ok tkvaeva hcev|kfmhhmøe aev|a xq,hcbqemxvk, } ao `ah`c fa xa| ío/ qe ta{qaûc lq|nqíx faxwmehqokfc vcvkobaeva fa okx bkxkx t|coavk|mkx/ {qmae hkblmk|k ok `mx] ec tcfâk ,fk|xa hqaevk, tc|{qa axvklk kxqbmaefc ao |co fao txaqfc } kevm"Bcmxíx: } {qmyëx fao ,Gkoxc T|cgavk,% ³C `k} konqma{qa xme xa|oc/ `k t|avaefmfc k||cnk|xa ao fa|ah`c fa xa| ,ao, t|cgavk3%%% Tc| xqx cl|kx xa|ëe hcechmfcx9 ao ,gkoxc t|cgavkt|cwchk|ë baevm|k/ cfmc/ bqa|va/ faxv|qhhmøe/ axhokwmvqf% ³Hqëo fa aoocx3%%%: ³vcfcx aoocx3-: } vkblmíe bkvmyk qek tk|va mbtc|fa okx axhqaokx txmhcoønmhkx ,|akomxvkx,/ {qa "xmabt|a ae hokwa bkva|mkomxvk" xa fmxvkehmke fao txmhcocnmxbc ,meva|mc|mxvk"mefmwmfq{qa vkevc faxvkhklk ao |co fao ,mehcexhmaeva,/ tk|k wcohk| ok kvaehmøe ae okx megoqaehmkx xchmkoax (} cv|kx- fao bafmc kblmaeva ek} k|vmgmhmko: {qa vkblmíe hcefmhmceke } hcevapvqkomyke ec eqaxv|k gc|bk fa xa| / xmec fa axvk|"apmxvm| % ] ae oc apmxvaehmko/ ok omla|vxmabt|a qe hqkevqb vcvko } klxcoqvc/ hk|khva|mykfc tc| ok h m|hqexvkehmk% \atmvc ao aiabtoc9 xm @k}fe ncyø fa qek hcevapvqkomfk

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oa ta|bmvâk oml|abaeva hcbtcea| ;44 xmegceâkx } ,xøoc, hcbtqxc ==/ ec kt|cwah`ø hklkobaeva xq n|kfc klxcoqvc fa omlah|akvmwmfkf } axvë ae faqfk tc| qek %%% (ec ax xq hkxc %%%-% ] ao `qbmofa lq||a|c ko xa|wmhmc fa qe hkqfmooc vm|kec {qa oc axhokwmykech`a/ nkek `a|cmhkbaeva qe bcbaevc fa meva|mc|mfkf } xmolk qek baocfâk fa xq mewaehmøe"mextm|khmøe/ kt|cwah`kefc toaekbxq hqcvk fa omla|vkf txmhc"bc|ko ({qa vkblmíe ax qe ;44! ae xâ-/ } {qmyëx xcl|atkxëefcok } ,`khmaefc bëx fa oc {qa tcfâk,/ ocax qe mbtcxmloa víhemhc/ } ok `mxvc|mk `qbkek ta|xceko } hcoahvmwk ax qe hcevmeqqb fa l|mookevax mbtcxmloax {qa ecx at|cn|axmwkbaeva `khmk ao Kqvc| fa vcfkx okx mbtcxmloax tcxmlmomfkfax/ Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec/ k {qmae tcfabcx kohkeyk|/ hce,wa|, tc|{qa xq @mic Qemníemvc/ ao Wa|lc Fmwmec } h|akfc| fao qemwa|xc/ kxqbmø eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe/ kxqbmaefc } v|kxhaefmaebqa|va"ekfk (ok |axq||ahhmøe fa Iaxùx"H|mxvc ec xøoc waeha k ok bqa|va/ vkblmíe kem{qmok ok ekfk (`khmaefc {qa ok ekfk xak mbtcxmloa oønmhc `ah`c tcxmloa ko hcexqbm| ae xâ xq t|ctmc klxq|fc-: kl|maefc ok tcxmlmomfkf megmemvk tk|k {qa vcfkx okx tcxmlmomfxake tcxmloax/ ,|akomykloax,+-% Ao bqefc"|akomfkf"qemwa|xc"hcxbcx ax qe `mbec k ok omla|vkf/ } apt|axmøe fao n|ke khvc

 ta|xceko fa omla|vkf/ wcoqevkf } kbc|: } axvkbcx mewmvkfcx k kxqbm| ok hcevmeqkhmøe } hqobmekhmøe hc"h|akvmwk/ t|c"h|akvmwkh|akvmwk fa axva khvc } khhmøe/ } `kha|oc ae omla|vkf } tc| kbc|%Ecvk tcxva|mc| 0#<44>9Hc||mic okx kgm|bkhmceax keva|mc|ax%]k `klâk qxkfc ao aiabtoc fa okx xmegceâkx/ {qa ba tk|ahâk lkxvkeva hok|c } t|ahmxc tk|k aevaefa| } aptomhk| ocx oâbmvax } kohfa ok |axtcexklmomfkf bc|ko% Ta|c qe fâk taexí ae axva bmxbc v|klkic"aexk}c/ } oc bqh`c {qa `k fq|kfc } oc {qa ba hqva|bmek|oc mehc|tc|kefc ecvkx } ktqevax taefmaevax/ |awmxk| } khvqkomyk| oc axh|mvc avh% ] aevcehax ba fm hqaevk {qa ao ,|axtcexklmomfkf bc|ko, t|axaevk ec qek xmec fcx wa|vmaevax9 tc| qe okfc |ahcechâ {qa fa khqa|fc k bm hm|hqexvkehmkapmxvaehmko (hce xqx mbtafmbaevcx/ hcefmhmcekbmaevcx } tcxmlmomfkfax-/ xâ tcf|âk ,`kla|oc `ah`c konc bëx/ konc baic| } konc|ëtmfc, fa oc {qa `mha } `knc: tc| oc {qa axvc} ae ,faqfk, cliavmwk/ fkfc {qa ec `a xklmfc xqta|k| ta|aykx/ mefahmxmcfalmomfkfax wk|mkx/ tqfmaefc `kha|oc% Ta|c xm xøoc ba kvaenc k aooc/ hkmnc ae qek axtahma fa tk|kecmk ta|gahhmcemxvk/ h|mnc|mxbc bc|komxvk {qa aphoq}a kt|ahmk| oc fabëx: } oc fabëx ax ok wkoc|mykhmøe tcxmvmwk fao axgqa|yc `ah`c/ fa ocx xkh|

cliavmwcx hqbtomfcx tk|k |akomyk| axva v|klkic: tc|{qa kxâ hcbc ax awmfaeva ,{qa tqfa `kha| bëx,/ vkblmíe ax awmfaeva {qa`kha| baecx c `kha| ekfk ae klxcoqvc } hcevmeqk| ae oc {qa axvklk kevax (v|klkic t|cgaxmceko"ba|hkevmo/ lqaecx men|hcbcfmfkfax `afcemxvkx avh% %%%+-% Ok lkokeyk vmaea fcx tokvmoocx/ ec qec %%%+: } ao |axqovkfc gmeko fataefa fa axa ,bavk"hë{qa ok mevaomnaehmk" t|axhmaehmk fmwmek kembkfk tc| ok tcvaehmk h|akvmwk fao kbc| klxcoqvc } xqx fa|mwkfcx/ `knk% Aooc xa aevbaic| xm mehc|tc|kbcx ao gkhvc| fa ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk/ iqevc ko hoëxmhc t|mehmtmc } oa} fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko: oc hqko hkhcbtoavkbaeva ok ta|xtahvmwk kt|ahmkvmwk {qa xme aooc xa |afqha k qe mbta|kvmwc hqkevmvkvmwc } oankomxvk fa ,ta|gahhmøe klxcaevaefmfk ae qe bk|hc |aga|aehmko fava|bmekfc"ombmvkfc } fava|bmemxvk: {qa tk|va hce qe bcfaoc mfako fa oc {qa ,k t|mcxkla {qa tqfc } falmø `kha|xa/ keva oc hqko xøoc hkla |axvk| (ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva ax mbta|gahvc } xøoc tqafa `kha| ,baembta|gahvkbaeva oc {qa tqfc"falmø, `kha|: ax{qabk ombmvkfc } ombmvkeva fa|mwkfc fao t|mehmtmc ùemhc#mehcbtoavc fa OmlBc|ko {qa xøoc kfbmva qek tcxmlmomfkf fa aoahhmøe lqaek#ta|gahvk a megmemvkx cthmceax fa a||c|- a mewchk| kvaeqk,ta|fcekycx,/ vcoa|kehmkx } bmxa|mhc|fmk fmwmek aevaefmfk xøoc ae hokwa gc|bkomxvk"bahkemhmxvk } ec hcbc `k fa xata|xtahvmwk fa Kbc|"Wmfk"Omla|vkf/ tc|{qa xcbcx h|mkvq|kx `ah`kx k ,mbknae } xabaikeyk, fa xq H|akfc|/ {qmae okx h|aøoml|a/ kbc|cxk } tcvaevabaeva: } okx mewmvk k qek xâevaxmx xqta|mc| lkxkfk ae ao kbc|/ ok omla|vkf/ ok h|akvmwmfkf } ok wmfk%Fava|bmemxbc vacoønmhc9 tcxvqokfc tc| ocx gmoøxcgcx tkevaâxvkx hcbc Xtmecyk/ tk|k {qmae qe bqefc fmxvmevc k Fmcx } hktky facl|k| ktk|va fa Ao/ xa|âk hcev|kfmhvc|mc% Fmcx } ao bqefc xa mfaevmgmhke } kxâ ao `cbl|a ax tk|va fa Ío: } okx fahmxmceax `qbwcoqevk|mkx xce xqx fahmxmceax% Axvk echmøe fmgmhqovk hcehmomk| ok megmemvk ta|gahhmøe fa Fmcx } xq kvabtc|komfkf/ hce okx mbta|gahh

 gâxmhkx } bc|koax fa axva bqefc } hce ok `mxvc|mk/ {qa xqtcea kf{qm|m| } ta|fa| ta|gahhmceax% Qek wk|mkeva fa axva fava|bmemxbc t|afaxvmekhmcemxbc (ecvk9 vcfkwâk tctqok| ae ao hkbtc hqovq|ko t|cvaxvkeva/ kqe{qa ae wâkx fa xa| xqta|kfc- {qa k|nqbae|kyceax9 ;%" Fmcx hcecha vcvko a megkomloabaeva oc {qa `khabcx/ } tc| aefa `k|abcx eahaxk|mkbaeva oc {qa Fmcx fmxtqxc } %%% ec xoml|ax% <%" Ok hkqxk xanqefk/ (ao `cbl|a- |ahmla ao xa| } ok cta|khmøe fa ok hkqxk t|mba|k (Fmcx-/ tc| oc vkevc eqaxv|k omla|vkf fatfa ok wcoqevkf fmwmek } %%% vkbtchc xcbcx oml|ax%H|mvmhkefc ao t|mba| k|nqbaevc/ ocx taexkfc|ax hkvøomhcx xaûkoke {qa tc| xa| Fmcx kvabtc|ko (ava|ec- ec t|awí eqaxv|cx khvcx {qa chq||ke% Fmcx vmaea qek wmxmøe mevqmvmwk a mnqkobaeva t|axaeva fa vcfcx eqaxv|cx khvcx (khvqkoax/ tkxkfcx } gqvq|cx-/ ta|c {,wak, ec mbtomhk {qa ocx fava|bmea/ em {qa aooc ecx t|mwa fa ok omla|vkf% Ae hqkevc k ok xanqefk |kyøe9 Fmcx agahvmwkbaeva hcehqok khvmwmfkf fa okx h|mkvq|kx/ ta|c |axtavkefc xq bcfkomfkf fa khhmøe% Kxâ/ Fmcx mbtqoxk ,ekvq|kobaeva, ok wcoqevkf `khmk ao

 ta|c ecx ta|bmva axtahmgmhk| ok |axcoqhmøe fa axa mbtqoxc: } tc| axc ax Fmcx ,{qmae `kha {qa xakbcx oml|ax,%  Hcbaevk|mc9Ao ax{qabk tkevaâxvk fa Xtmecyk ax hok|c } hok|kbaeva |an|axmwc/ ko |av|cv|ka|ecx k ok hqovq|k t|a"}cmhk } t|a"\awaokhmøehcegqefâk ao H|akfc| hce ok H|akhmøe/ a{qâwchc t|ctmc fao txm{qmxbc t|a"}cmhc } t|a"wcoqevk|mc {qa vkbtchc fmxvmenqâk aemeva|mc|mfkf"xqliavmwk } ok apva|mc|mfkf"cliavmwk/ t|c}ahvkefc ocx hcevaemfcx beíxmhcx (meva|mc|ax/ mehcexhmaevax %%%- ae ao aevc|e{qafklk kxâ ,kembmykfc, c gavmh`mykfc% Vcfc a|k xkn|kfc"vklù } aooc me`mlmø#t|c`mlmø ok ahocxmøe fa ok hmaehmk/ ok vahecocngmocxcgâk } ok bmxbk bc|ko: ta|wm|vmaefc ok |aomnmcxmfkf ekvq|ko ae qe |mvqkomxbc t|ctmhmkvc|mc bëx ha|hkec k ok cxhq|mfkf mega|mcbknmk {qa k ok xkh|komfkf eqbmecxk fa ok N|khmk% Ae hqkevc k okx ,mbta|gahhmceax fao bqefc,/ okx `mtøvaxmx fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføocx ,emwaoax#gkhvc|ax fa |akomfkf, xce qe fmxh|avkbaeva agmhky kevâfcvc hcev|k ocx wm|qx fqkomxvkx%Ao vabk fao ,t|afaxvmekhmcemxbc, }k oc kekomhí ae hkt% keva|mc|ax% H|aaehmk } khvmvqf txâ{qmhk lkxvkeva mexmfmcxk/ {qa `k hkqhkqxk } xanqm|ë hkqxkefc bqh`cx apv|kwâcx } hcegqxmceax% Vkblmíe hcbaeví ao tqevc h|qhmko9 {qa Fmcx/ xmvqkfc ae ok cevmklxcoqvk/ hcecyhk eqaxv|k `mxvc|mk (Tk|kfcik Bqefc- hcbc qe `ah`c hma|vc } ae hma|vc bcfc qe ,cliavc,/ ekfk vmaea {qa wa| homla|vkf bc|ko% Ta|c ec tc|{qa ecx hcehafk ok omla|vkf baec| } xahqefk|mk fa |akomyk|"khvqk| xq wcoqevkf hce hma|vc bk|n

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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,Xa tqafa xa| mefava|bmemxvk c fava|bmemxvk: ta|c k} {qa h|aa| ae ok omla|vkf,% Hk|ocx Wky Ga||am|k%Aev|a fagaexc|ax } fav|khvc|ax fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek/ vkblmíe `k} {qmaeax mevaevk|ce qek wâk meva|bafmk% Ae ok gmocxcgâk hoëxmhai% axvëe ocx axvcmhcx } xq ,omla|vkf fa mefmga|aehmk, gqefkbaevkfk ae ao hcechmbmaevc } ok khatvkhmøe fa ocx `ah`cx t|cfqhfaxvmec c ok eahaxmfkf/ ta|c ec |axmnekfkbaeva xmec cl|kefc xanùe aoocx/ hcexhmaevax fa xq |khmcekomfkf (ao mfako fao `cbl|a xao ùemhc {qa tcf|âk xa| oml|a-% Ae ao h|mxvmkemxbc/ Xke Knqxvâe `klok fa ok ,omla|vkf fa hcehmaehmk,9 kqe{qa Fmcx ecx mbtqoxk/apta|mbaevkbcx oml|ax } |axtcexkloax fa eqaxv|cx khvcx, meva|mc|baeva% Ocx axhcoëxvmhcx bafmawkoax fagaefma|ce ok omla|vkf `q|akgm|bkefc kxâ ,ok |axtcexklmomfkf fao `cbl|a hcbc xa| |khmceko,/ hqobmekefc ae ok fchv|mek fao oml|a kolaf|âc t|ctqaxvk tcVcbëx fa K{qmec (Xmnoc PMMM-%Ae ao xmnoc PWM/ tk|k fagaefa| ao t|mehmtmc fa omla|vkf fa okx h|âvmhkx oqva|kekx (kgm|bklke {qa ok omla|vkf a|k mehcbtkvmloa hfava|bmekhmøe fmwmek fao cl|k| `qbkec-/ ocx axhcoëxvmhcx axtkûcoax faxk||cooke ao hcehatvc fa ,hmaehmk bafmk,/ {qa tcxvqhcehq|xc xmbqovëeac fa Fmcx } ao `cbl|a ae ao cl|k| `qbkec,%

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Ok gmocxcgâk bcfa|ek } xahqok|mykeva (xmnoc PWMM- hcexmfa|k ko `cbl|a ae xq axvkfc ekvq|ko (V% @cllax- } t|ctcea qe axvkfc kqvc{qa nk|kevmha ao aia|hmhmc fa ok omla|vkf% I% Ochja tc| xq tk|va/ apmnâk qe tkhvc xchmko mnqkomvk|mc tc| ao hqko ao `cbl|a hafa xq wcoqko axvkfc tk|k {qa íxva ok bkevaenk } `knk tcxmloa%Jkev (xmnoc PWMMM- fahâk9 ,%%% ae eqaxv|k wmfk/ ae axva bqefc xaexmloa fa ocx gaeøbaecx/ hkfk qek fa eqaxv|kx khhmceax tqafa %%% }xa| hcexmfa|kfk faxfa fcx tqevcx fa wmxvk9 hcbc gaeøbaec agahvqkfc ae ao bqefc vmaea xqx hkqxkx } axvë fava|b

 âevan|kbaeva% Ta|c hcexmfa|kfk bkemgaxvkhmøe fa qek wcoqevkf/ ec hka lkic ao kxtahvc fa ok hkqxk } ok fava|bmekhmøe xmec fao ffa oc bc|ko c mebc|ko %%%,/ c xak/ lkic ao kxtahvc fa ok omla|vkf% Jkev `kloø fa qek omla|vkf gc|bko {qa naea|k tokevakbmaevcctqaxvcx hcbc ocx bkva|mkomxvkx (omla|vkf hcev|k ok komaekhmøe `qbkek- c ocx mfakomxvkx (omla|vkf fa axtâ|mvq-%Ae ao xmnoc PP/ xa naxvk qek eqawk mbknae fao bqefc/ lkxkfk ae ocx kwkehax hmaevâgmhcx (vac|âk fa ok |aokvmwmfkf fa Amexvame/ t|mefa mefava|bmekhmøe fa @amxaela|n/ gâxmhk hqëevmhk/ ok vac|âk fa ok awcoqhmøe fa Fk|~me-/ {qa ta|bmvae xqta|k| ao bcfaoc bahke

fa ok gâxmhk fa Ea~vce% Kxâ/ ok t|clklmomfkf fa aptomhk| ocx gaeøbaecx ekvq|koax hceiqnk okx hkvanc|âkx fa mefava|bmekheahaxmfkf ta|bmvmaefc eqawkx hcbt|aexmceax fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek%Hcbaevk|mc9Xke Knqxvâe xmabt|a khvqko } tcoíbmhc %%% Xq vaxmx "hqkxm tk|kføimhk" tokevak qek axtahma fa hcefmhmcekbmaevc apva|ec"cliavmwomla|vkf hcbc |akomfkf meva|ek/ keâbmhk/ wmwaehmko% Ae tk|va ax kxâ (ok hcefmhmøe tk|kføimhk fao aehk|haokfc9 hqa|tc aehkfaekkobk oml|a-: ta|c axvk awmfaehmk abtâ|mhk ax qe `ah`c hcevmenaeva/ t|ctmc fa oc gaecbíemhc } ec `k fa ,gc|bqok|xa, hcbc t|mc oa}/ xc taek fa |ahka| ae ao fqkomxbc (ok bkva|mk hc||cbtmfk"bkok } hkqvmwkeva wx% ao axtâ|mvq lqaec-/ ae ao t|afaxvmekhmcemxbmoqxmcemxbc (vcfc oc {qa xqhafa xa|âk hkqxkfc tc| ok wcoqevkf fmwmek/ } ec xa|âkbcx oml|ax/ kqe{qa xa ecx hcehafa|âk ok mmeva|ek fa xa|oc-% Ec ax axc oc {qa fmic } {qmxc fahm| Xke Knqxvâe/ ta|c oc tk|aha% Xq n|ke ktc|va ax ao xkn|kfc a mewmcokloa t|mefa ok ,omla|vkf fa hcehmaehmk,/ `c} ae fâk hcehqohkfc l|qvkobaeva tc| ao gqefkbaevkomxbc txaqfc"|aomnmcxc } gqefkbaevkomxbcx fa bkv|my mfacoønmhk (`k} {qa |ahcecha| {qa ao gqefkbaevkomxbc okmhmxvk ec t|c`âla ok omla|vkf meva|mc| "kqmevaevk ta|wa|vm|ok k emwao hqovq|ko } bafmëvmhc"/ xmabt|a {qa ta|bkeayhk kooâ/ lmae kfaev|c %%%/ } ec naea|a khhmceax cliavmw

apt|axmceax wmxmloax-% Ec `k} bcfa|emfkf em hqovq|k em hmwmomykhmøe em gqvq|c xme ,omla|vkf fa hcehmaehmk, ' ,omla|vkf fa apt|akqe{qa ae ok tcxvbcfa|emfkf omn`v xa `k lkekomykfc vkevc ao aia|hmhmc fa okx gkhqovkfax keâbmhkx/ {qa ,hcehmaehmk, `k fanaea|xmeøembc fa ctmemøe/ nqxvc/ bcfk/ ktavaehmk/ nkekx %%% Ok t|mba|k gkxa fao ktc|va `mxvø|mhc fa ok fchv|mek h|mxvmkek/ hqobmekn|ke t|ctqaxvk ,cliavmwk, fa Xvc% Vcbëx/ {qa wkoc|myk hkvanø|mhkbaeva ok |khmcekomfkf hcbc hokwa tk|k ok hcefmhmøe oml|a/ toml|a kolaf|âc `qbkec% ,Ga } |kyøe, (|kyøe a mevqmhmøe/ |kyøe } \a"waokhmøe-/ cv|k hce{qmxvk aphaoxk fa ok `mxvc|mk {qa k|ta|fa|xa xqba|nmfk ae axvk coakfk mega|eko fa gkekvmxbcx } |aokvmwmxbcx% Xmnqmaefc hce ao |atkxc `mxvø|mhc9 ok vaxmx fa ,hbafmk, memhmk ok bcfa|emfkf ívmhk/ } ktc|vk ao faxhql|mbmaevc fa qek wa|fkf hceekvq|ko ko h|mxvmkemxbc9 ok xmea|nmk aev|a Fmc`cbl|a: ao `cbl|a |ahcechmfc axtoíefmfkbaeva tc| k{qaooc {qa apmxva ae wâkx fa ,ooank| k xa|,9 Mbknc Fam mewmvkfk k kxqbm| hc"h|akvmwc% Ok hccta|khmøe `mxvø|mhk aev|a ao `cbl|a } Fmcx ax hokwa ae ok fchv|mek hkvøomhk } hokwa tk|k hqko{qma| hqovq|k|axtcexklmomfkf/ ok h|akvmwmfkf } ok khhmøe (meva|mc| } apva|mc|-: } xm ok aevaefmíxabcx"t|khvmhëxabcx ,lmae,/ ao bqefc xa|âk aevmabtc qe ,tk|kâxc va||aeko,% Ta|c ao Bqefc ax chqtkfc"meva|t|avkfc } khvqkfc ( bqefc ' |akomfkf - tc| qek bayhok gkvâfmefmga|aevax khcbcfkvmhmcx/ gkeëvmhcx eaq|øvmhcx {qa cfmke ok xcok baehmøe fa ok tkokl|k ,omla|vkf, tc| bmafc k aook (vabc|#vawmwm|-/ } fa"naea|kfcx {qa ta|wma|vae ok omla|vkf ae omla|vmekia (eac"`afcemxbc/ |an|axmceax ekvq|komxvkx } tkevaâxvkx/ mewcoqhmc`mxvø|mhc `khmk okx bmvcocnâk c avecgmomkx |cbëevmhkx/ xqliavmwmxbc k n|keao/ c|maevkomxbcx khcbcfkvmhmcx avh%-% ] ec xa tmaexa {qxmaevc kiaec c mebqea k axvcx bkoax/ tc|{qa lmae xí {qa ae bm ,meva|mc|, lqooae axvkx vaefaehmkx: faxfa ao faxac ga|cy fa hcbfaxv|qm| k axcx t|axqevcx aeabmncx {qa ec ocn|c xctc|vk| tc|{qa apv|cwma|vae c |a"t|axaevke k{qaookx vk|kx {qa ba kgmeva|mc|baeva } ec xí kxqbm|"xqta|k|/ `kxvk ok hc||qthmøe hcehqtmxhaeva {qa lmae xí ec xm|wa |at|mbm| a xcva||k| (fcefa xa gc|} koâk k cv|kx  gqa|ykx cxhq|kx xqliavmwkx } cliavmwkx-/ xmec xqlombk| tc|{qa ax ap"t|axmøe fa ke`aocx |kfmhkoax oanâvmbcx (ao tmoqxmøe xqhafëeac fa ok ,gaomhmfkf"toaemvqf,-%Okx ,gmocxcgâkx fa ok omla|vkf, bcfa|emxvkx/ ko fmxvkehmk|xa fa ok cevcocnâk/ fa|mwke `khmk ao tq|c } xmbtoa tcomvmhmxbc/ xchmcocnm,txmhcocnmxbc tcoâvmhc,/ {qa xm wmxvc ae ta|xtahvmwk bqaxv|k ao gkxhmekeva axtahvëhqoc fa okx tkvcocnâkx mfacoønmhkx {qa ahocxmcae ao xmnoc ;= } <4 hce xq nkoa|âk fa `c||c|ax% Ae tkokl|kx xmbtoax9 @cllax/ faxhk|vkefc ok gqa|yk v|kexgc|bkfc|k fao h|mxvmkehcehoq}a ae qek fmkoíhvmhk ,t|knbëvmhk,9 ao `cbl|a ekvq|kobaeva vaefmaeva ko l|qvkomxbc %%%/ } ok hqovq|k"axvkfc {qa xa aehk|mbtcea| qe bk|hc |aga|aehmko {qa ecx t|cvaik fa ecxcv|cx bmxbcx %%% Me`mlmaefc oc tac| } gcbaevkefc oc baic| fao`qbkek+%%% Ec bq} t|cgqefc ta|c agmhky%%% (ax oc {qa t|khvmhke ok bk}c|âk fa ocx xmxvabkx |atqlomhkecx c ,fabch|khmkx,/ `kxvk

fa `c}/ } xmnqa xmaefc ok lkxa fa hkxm vcfcx ocx xmxvabkx afqhkhmcekoax/ |avø|mhk ktk|va-% \ah`kykefc k ok |aomnmøe/ ao bkva|mkaeg|aevk xq t|ctmc fmoabk ívmhc9 ao mefmwmfqc } ok hcbqemfkf tqafae xa| qek bkxk laxvmko c qek hcbqemfkf c|nkemykfk {qa hcexqx ,lkikx tkxmceax, hce bk}c| c baec| |mnc|/ xanùe okx hm|hqexvkehmkx %%% Ochja ae hkblmc t|chokbk qec fa ocx h`mxvax bëx eafa ok `mxvc|mk/ } {qa `k iqxvmgmhkfc apta|mbaevcx xchmc"tcoâvmhcx faxkxv|cxcx } naechmfkx9 ao `cbl|a ,hafa xq wcoqevkf, ko axvkN|kwâxmbc a||c|: tc|{qa ao axvkfc okmhc xqaoa xa| ok apt|axmøe xqta|axv|qhvq|ko (mexvmvqhmceko/ mfacoønmhk/ oanko- ec fa qe hcehatvc tq|c } bënmhkbaeva lqaec c ko baecx eaqv|c/ xmec fa hkxvkx"xahvkx axtahmkomykfkx } clxaxmcekfkx ae#tc| ao ,tcfa|,tcfa|âcx (wcoqevk|mxbc oqhmga|mec-: {qa }k fa tc| xâ `k|ëe vcfc oc tcxmloa tc| hkqvmwk| (axhokwmyk|- k ok hcbqemfkf fa mefmwmfqcxeahaxmvke {qa kfabëx íxvcx oax ,|ankoae, xq wcoqevkf hcegmkefc {qa xa|ë naxvmcekfk tk|k ao lmae fa vcfcx } fa hkfk {qmae %%va|bmek ae ok n|ke aptokekfk c axvkfmc9 ao vm|kec |cfakfc tc| xq hc|va } ko g|aeva/ okx bkxkx faxta|xcekomykfkx {qa bk|h`ke |clcvx/ |mefmaefc `cbaekia ko tcfa| klxcoqvc %%%-%%S,%%% Ax hma|vc {qa ok omla|vkf ax konc t|ahmcxc/ vkevc {qa fala xa| |khmcekfc %%%, %S Wokfâbm| Momh` Qomëecw (Oaeme-%%S,%%% ok txmhcxmx vcvkomvk|mk hce xqx tkwc|cxkx hcexahqaehmkx %%% %%% axvc hcexvmvq}a tc| hma|vc qek hkvëxv|cga } qe aec|ba |av|chaxc %%% %%% g|aeva k axc xøoc |abafmc9 ok gc|vmgmhkhmøe meva|ek fao mefmwmfqc {qa fa oc hcev|k|mc axvë kbaekykfk tc| qe meawmvkloa abl|qvahmbmaevc } qek fmxcoqhmøe ae ok txm{qa fa bkxkx

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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`cbl|a bkxk xa aefq|aha fa qe bcfc mehcehalmloa g|aeva k xqx xabaikevax% Xa hcewma|va ae qek laxvmk fa |alkûc bcwmfk xcokbaeva tc| ok kwmfay } ao tëemhH%N% Iqen ,Ok txmhcocnâk fa ok v|kexga|aehmk, (;=61"60-%

] ooankbcx k Jkev9 khma|vk ko fmxvmenqm| aev|a ao c|fae ekvq|ko"gaecbíemhc/ ao |amec fa okx ,ktk|maehmkx, fcefa ,tk|ahae, |anfava|bmemxbcx } hkqxkomxbcx/ } oc cv|c %%%/ fcefa ok omla|vkf |a"ktk|aha hcbc wkoc| cliavmwc% Ta|c Jkev tk|aha aoqfm| ao abavkgâxmhc } cevcoønmhc/ } xmvùk ok hcev|ktk|va k oc gaecbíemhc ae oc ívmhc c ,bc|ko,/ } xm lmae aooc hcexvmvq}a qe emwao kqvøecbcfmxhqxmøe/ ec fmkocnk hce ao fava|bmemxbc gaecbíemhc% Fa oc gmnq|kvmwc"bkva|mko k oc xmnemgmhkhmceko %%%/ xkovëefcxa oc axaehoønmhc/ oc cevcoønmhc% Ax mefmxtaexkloa axvkloaha| okx lkxax øevmhkx fa ok omla|vkf/ } faxhql|m| xq bahkemxbc txmhc"keâbmhc aoab(oc mevaevc hce ok `mtøvaxmx fao K%H%T% } ao K%O%T%- : tc|{qa xme aooc ocx fava|bmemxvkx tcf|ëe cliavk| {qa ok Ívmhk fa ok Omla|vkf aktomhkhmøe xahqefk|mk c qek moqxmøe (q cv|c atmgaeøbaec lmcoønmhc/ hcbc ok hcehmaehmk-% ] xcl|a okx n|kefax vac|âkx hmaevâgmhkx fxmnocx ;= } <4/ xm lmae ec naea|ke qek ,eqawk mbknae fao bqefc, (xøoc qe lcx{qaic gmnq|kvmwc c gâxmhc/ ec mevan|ko- ax wa|fkf

xkhqfma|ce gqa|vabaeva okx lkxax fao bmvc bkva|mkomxvk/ ta|c íxva vmaefa k |ahqta|k|xa bafmkeva ok hcexklmfk cta|khmøgkoxmgmhkhmøe mfacoønmhk } ta|wa|xmøe fao oaenqkia (okx eaq|chmaehmkx fagc|bkfkx ae gmxmcocnmxbc/ ok vac|âk fa ok awcoqhmøawcoqhmcemxbc/ ok bahëemhk hqëevmhk ae |aokvmwmxbc avh%-% Ta|c ok t|cn|axmøe `khmk ok Wa|fkf kwkeyk } kxhmaefa xmabt|a bëx{qa |av|chafa } xa |alkik ok vaefaehmk `khmk ok baevm|k } ok bqa|va% Tc| oc fabëx/ ao ,bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf, ta|bkeaha mehømevkhvc: } okx n|kefax hcev|cwa|xmkx xqlxmxvae tc|{qa ae ao gcefc apt|axke okx n|kefax c ok n|ke kova|ekvmwk bc|ko fao xa| `qbkbmxbk {qa ecx aeg|aevk oml|a } wcoqevk|mkbaeva k ok n|ke aoahhmøe+%Ko bk|nae9 ocx fagaexc|ax v|kfmhmcekoax fa ok axtm|mvqkomfkf (kobk/ omla|vkf/ avh%-/ knclmkfcx } hkxm hce"waehmfcx tc| ok k||abk||cookfc|k fao bkva|mkomxbc/ apqovk|ce } xmnqae aevcekefc ockx k okx ,hmaehmkx xqvmoax, {qa faxv|cyk|ce (hkxm- vcfcx ocx bmvctcxmvmwmxbc bkva|mkomxvk (ec kxâ xq lkxa txmhc"hqovq|ko-9  t|mehmtmc fa meha|vmfqbl|a/ vac|âkx fa ok bahëemhk hqëevmhk hce xqx hk

 t|clklmoâxvmhcx/ `mtøvaxmx hcbtoaikx fao t|chaxc awcoqvmwc avh%%% Ta|c ok ahqkhmøe ax hcegqxk9 {qa aooc fmxqaowk ocx n|qbcx fcnbfao bkva|mkomxbc ax hma|vc/ ta|c vko khhmøe xa ombmvk ko hkbtc fa ok gâxmhk"{qâbmhk c ok hmaehmk ekvq|ko: } xm xa apvmaefa k ok gmocxctc|{qa ao bkva|mkomxbc bkemtqoø kwmaxkbaeva ocx tcxvqokfcx hmaevâgmhcx"ekvq|komxvkx tk|k `kha| mfacocnâk% Qxk| ok eqawk hekvq|ko tk|k |alkvm| a||c|ax mfacoønmhcx/ ax |atavm| ao bmxbc a||c|: } tc| axc ocx fchv|meøocncx hkvøomhcx `ke |axmxvmfc ok vaevkhmmfaevmgmhk| ao Lmn Lken hce ok H|akhmøe+%%% (ok `mtøvaxmx fa ok ,n|ke aptocxmøe, ec faxh|mla c ek||k ok h|akhmøe fmwmek/ xmapt|axmøe#t|c}ahhmøe fao khvc wa|lko t|mbmnaemc% Ko tk|aha| %%%-% ] ec cowmfabcx ao agahvc lccba|ken+9 fa vkevc noc|mgmhk| okx hmafao mefava|bmemxbc c fao t|clklmomxbc/ lk||abcx t|mba|c hce okx axhoa|cxmx bahkemhmxvkx fao bkva|mkomxbc menaeqc/ k||maxnkbcx lk||a| hce vcfc oc fabëx+%%%/ } hcehoqm| ae qek mbknae fa bqefc#|akomfkf `ah`k fa tq|c hkcx/ fax"c|fae/ klxq|fcxak9 em`momxbc tq|c+: } ae aooc vkbtchc `k} omla|vkf/ xmec hcev|kfmhhmøe/ ochq|k/ kenqxvmk } faxaxta|khmøe/ bqa|va fao hqa|tckobk+%

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 Gafc| Fcxvcmawxjm ae ,Ocx aefabcemkfcx,/ t|axknmk ao tcfa| mega|eko fao em`momxbc mfacoønmhc/ faxfa ao kek|{qmxbc tcoâvmhc kxvk ao ,faxv|qhvbc|vâga|c {qa mewaevk t|avapvcx txaqfc"|khmcekoax tk|k iqxvmgmhk|xa% 

Ok `mtøvaxmx fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc (c konc bk}c| } baic|- lcx{qaik qek fmxh|avkbaeva agmhky t|ctqaxvk fa mevan|khmøe {qa tav|kvk| oc bkva|mko } oc axtm|mvqko: aevaefmaefc xme hcegqxmceax ok fmga|aehmk } |aokhmøe aev|a "tc| ai%" ao bcwmbmaevc aomtxcmftokeavk/ } ok ,oa} wa|lko , faecbmekfk aomtxa% ] tk|k ktomhk| oc keva|mc| k oc gaecbíemhc/ gâxmhc c gmnq|kvmwc/ ok `mtøvaxmx f

 gkhvc|ax#emwaoax fa |akomfkf (ec faxk||cookfk-/ gkhmomvk k xq way aevaefa| ao høbc } hqkevc xa bkemgmaxvke } khvùke okx oa}ax wa({qa apt|axke ok tcvaehmk/ mevaehmøe } khhmøe fao Khvc Wa|lko c Gc|bko#Axtm|mvqko 2 xq t|c}ahvc#toke-: ae ok axhkok fa |akomfkf: okx hmbkx hcbtoaikx fa oc hqkomvkvmwc `kxvk okx xmbkx mega|mc|ax fcefa kùe okva oc k"gc|bko c fcefa "{qmyëx" wke hk}aefc ocx aaev|øtmhcx/ k{qaookx ,hkevmfkfax, fa bkva|mkomfkf {qa xa `ke hcewa|vmfc ae aph|ahaehmkx/ ae |axmfqcx eankvmwcx (tc| faxekvq|ko q cthmøe bc|ko-%7%;%84%14%76%<%;8 Hcehoqxmøe naea|ko9,Ok omla|vkf ax ok hcefmhmøe bëx t|ahmkfk fao `cbl|a %%% %%% {qa oc fmga|aehmk fa ocx cv|cx xa|ax ekvq|koax,% Axvk apta|maehmk hcbvcfcx ,axvë âevmbkbaeva omnkfk ko aia|hmhmc fa ok wcoqevkf,% Bafmkeva ao khvc wcomvmwc/ ao `cbl|a qxk } t|khvmhk xq omla|vkf: {qaevcehax qek gqa|yk tcxmvmwk/ ae ao eqawc } h|akfc| xaevmfc {qa xa mev|cfqha ae ao bqefc ae ao hqko khvmwkbaeva tk|vmhmtkbcx }bk|kwmoocxk xâevaxmx ao `cbl|a/ ax ao ùemhc xa| t|mwmoanmkfc {qa vkblmíe tqafa apt|axk|oc %%%, (\%I% Xkofkûk } I%H% ]aktocen-% Ao `cax ta|xcek } xa ta|gahhmcek bc|kobaeva xm xq aoahhmøe ok |akomyk hcbc vko% Ae axva bqefc fcefa ao khvqk| axvë hcefmhmcekfc#ombekvq|ko } k|vmgmhmkobaeva/ `klok| fa omla|vkf vcvko xa|âk qvøtmhc% Xchmafkf/ hqovq|k/ afqhkhmøe/ oa}ax } gkhvc|ax meva|ecx ombmvk

wahax eqomgmhke eqaxv|k omla|vkf% Ta|c vkblmíe k}qfke k ocn|k| qek omla|vkf mnqko tk|k vcfcx% ,Ok omla|vkf |axtcexkloa fala|âkbcvc| fa eqaxv|c cl|k|/ hcoklc|kefc kxâ hce ok afmgmhkhmøe fa ok omla|vkf fa ocx fabëx/ } fm|mnmíefcecx xmabt|a } ae vcfcx ocx hkok aoahhmøe fao lmae/ ùemhc gqefkbaevc fa eqaxv|k apmxvaehmk,%Hcbc fmha Nkoakec ,ec xa tqafa t|afmhk| ok omla|vkf xm ec xa abtmayk tc| t|khvmhk|ok,: } tc| axc gmekomhabcx hce ao hcexaicXkwkva|9 ,hqkefc konqmae xa abtaûa ae eank| {qa xcbcx oml|ax/ ktoâhkoa ok t|qalk |cbkek9 qe gmocxcgc |cbkec fmxhqvâk hce qe k{qa oa eanklk ok omla|vkf kxanq|kefc {qa ocx `cbl|ax axvëe gc|ykfcx k oc {qa `khae% Ao gmocxcgc hcnmø xq lkxvøe } hcbaeyø k axvkhkycx hce vcfk xq gqa|yk% Ao cv|c xqtomhklk {qa xa favqwma|k/ ta|c ao gmocxcgc/ xme faik| fa yq||k|oa k|nqbaevklk9 ,³Ec fmhaec xc} oml|a } {qa axvc} clomnkfc k `kha| oc {qa `knc3%%% Aevcehax ec nkxvax xkomwk9 xc} kqvcbëvmhc+%%%,%S Xøoc hqkefc ao |ahcechmø {qa tcfâk oml|abaeva haxk| ok tkomyk/ ok xqxtaefmø,%%%Hcbaevk|mc9Hcehqa|fc9 ok Omla|vkf ax qek tcvaxvkf }#c hqkomfkf }#c hcefmhmøe axaehmko fao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva/ } vko way ok hokwa f|kbëvxøoc fa ok `mxvc|mk `qbkek xmec fao qemwa|xc% Ao bmxbc `ah`c {qa gmoøxcgcx/ hmaevâgmhcx } taexkfc|ax fa vcfcx ocx vmabtcx/ v|kfmh} fchv|mekx `k}ke axvqfmkfc } fmxhqvmfc ao ,vabk omla|vkf,/ ax qek tcvaeva xaûko fa %%% ‧ fa omla|vkf+% Omla|vkf ' Wcoqevk

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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vkblmíe hcehqa|fc hce ok wkoc|khmøe t|c"h|akvmwk fao |co `qbkec ae ao ,bqefc,/ kqe{qa aooc ax mexcxvaemloa/ meaevaefmmeiqxvmgmhkloa xme ao t|mehmtmc fao xa| ,Mbknc Fam,% ta|c fmxh|atc clwmkbaeva hce ok hcev|ktcxmhmøe aev|a ao ke`aoc fa omla|vkf vokx hcefmhmcekevax fa ok |akomfkf {qa oc `khae mbtcxmloa9 ao   gkhvc| fa mbta|gahhmøe } ok khhmøe#megoqaehmk fa ocx knaevax eancliavmwcx/ cgqxhke } fa tcfa|oc/ ta|wma|vae c kem{qmoke ok omla|vkf bc|ko: ta|c íxvk ax qe mbta|kvmwc/ qek bavk"oa} øevmhk |kfmhkao bahkemxbc txâ{qmhc (K%H%T% } K%O%T%-: {qa xa bkemgmaxvk tk|kføimhkbaeva/ } xq apt|axmøe `mxvø|mhk/ hcevmenaeva c ,bkva|mko,kgahvkfk hqkevmvkvmwkbaeva tc| ocx gkhvc|ax fa |akomfkf (xqliavmwcx } cliavmwcx/ ae xq hceh|ahmøe meva|ek } apva|ek ko mefmwmfxmnqae ocx khqa|fcx9 omla|vkf |axtcexkloa 2 omla|vkf bc|ko: xak oc {qa xak c|maevkfk ao lmae } ko Xqbc Lmae (xme ao hqko ec `k}konqec-/ tk|k lmae fa hkfk {qmae/ fa vcfcx } fa ok |akomfkf bmxbk+%%%/ ta|c fmxh|atc fa A% Nkoakec (,Aev|awmxvkx } K|vâhqocx,-/ tcok omla|vkf ec ax hcbc ao Kbc| {qa xa bkemgmaxvk } kxawa|k ko t|khvmhk|oc } ec ko vac|myk| xcl|a aooc (kqe{qa vkblmíe xa tqafa }`kha|-% Tc|{qa ao xcoc `ah`c fa ,`klok| fa omla|vkf, |awaok qe t|chaxc txmhc"øevmhc {qa `k fa xa| qe khvc fa omla|vkf/ hkxm ao t|

%%% (,`klok| ae omla|vkf,9 ³tqafa qe xa| apmxvaeva ec oml|a/ mewaevk| ok gkevkxâk c moqxmøe c ke`aoc fa omla|vkf3%%% Ec/ } ax ao bk|nqbaevc tk|k hqaxvmcek| qec fa ocx tcxvqokfcx fa {qmaeax h|aae {qa ao bqefc ax ao mewaevc fa qe xqta|"hcbtqvkfc|/ } eqhcehmaehmk qek moqxmøe bëx fa axa xqta|"xcgv~k|a-% Ae hqkevc ko bívcfc |cbkec tk|k fabcxv|k| ok wa|fkf fa ok omla|vkf/ tagahvmwc kqe{qa xq oønmhk ktk|aeva ec |axmxva qe keëomxmx |kfmhko (hcbaeykefc tc| ao a||c| qxqko fa bayhok| hcegqxkbaeva oc øeoc gaecbíemhc: ok khhmøe } ao fmxhq|xc-% K ok hcxvqbl|a |cbkek fa waeha| ae way fa hce"waeha| ax t|aga|mloa ao bívcfc xch|ëvmhíxva ao fmëocnc/ } k íxva ok hcbqemhkhmøe (} k íxvk ao kbc|+-: ta|c megkqxvkbaeva xmnqa t|afcbmekefc ok ,oønmhk fao nk||cvkyc, axc vmaeae vkevc ípmvc okx hcbqemhkhmceax ,wm|vqkoax, (hk|vk/ vaoígcec/ vaoín|kgc/ bkmo/ baxxaena|/ h`kv/ locnx/ wmfac"hcega|aehm{qa |afqhae c keqoke okx fmxvkehmkx vkevc hcbc ao |maxnc fa |ahmlm| qe ncota% Ta|c "} kqe{qa tk|ayhk mbtcxmloa" ao v|mfqc wakbc|"omla|vkf"bqa|va v|mqegk|ë: } oc `k|ë tc|{qa }k oc `myc/ |ako } tcvaehmkobaeva: k faxtah`c fa ok baevm|k"cfmc"bqa|va {bq|mø tc|{qa ec tcfâk xa| tc|{qa eqehk gqa tc|{qa ec tqafa xa|% Aooc gqa } ax } xa|ë fabcxv|kfc/ nk|kevmykfc } |akomykf[qmae"Ax/ {qa kxqbmø } kxqba ok apmxvaehmkomfkf } xa hcexvmvq}a ae ao Hkbmec/ ok Wa|fkf } ok Wmfk: tk|k ecxcv|cx/ hce ecxcv|cx%KV Ahoaxmëxvmhc ;7/;; 9S,%%% Ec fmnkx9 ,Tc| ao Xaûc| ba a ktk|vkfc,/ {qa oc {qa ío favaxvk/ ec oc kha% Ec fmnkx9 ,Ao ba k apv|kwmkfc,/ tqax ío ec eahaxmvk fao tVcfk klcbmekhmøe cfmk ao Xaûc| %%% %%% Ío gqa {qmae ko t|mehmtmc `myc ko `cbl|a/ } oa faiø ae bkecx fa xq t|ctmc kolaf|âc (ae `al|ac9 ,%%% } oa aev|anø ae tcfaaeabmnc } oa faiø k xq mehomekhmøe,-% Xm vù {qma|ax/ nqk|fk|ëx ocx bkefkbmaevcx/ tk|k ta|bkeaha| gmao k xq laeatoëhmvc% Ío va `k tqaxvc faokeva gqanc } knqk/ k{qma|kx tqafax ooawk| vq bkec% Keva ocx `cbl|ax ok wmfk axvë } ok bqa|va/ oc {qa t|agma|k hkfk hqko/ xa oa fk|ë %%%,%SWa|xmøe < (Af% Tkqomekx% Wa|xmøe ;=70 ae mvkomkec-9 %S,%%% ec fmnkx ,ax ao Xaûc| {qa ba `myc tahk|,/ tc|{qa Fmcx ec `kha oc {qa favaxvk% Ec fmnkx ,Ío ba `myc

 tc|{qa ec eahaxmvk fa ocx tahkfc|ax %%% %%% Fmcx h|aø ao cbl|a faxfa ao t|mehmtmc/ ta|c oc faiø k fmxh|ahmøe fa xq aevaefmbmaevc (hcexaic-% Xm {qma|ax tcf|ëx clxa| t|ahatvcx/ } fataefa fa vq wcoqevkf ({qa|a|- ta|bkeahax gmao k aoocx% Í o hcochk keva vm gqanc } knqk/ vq apvaefa|ëe vq bkec k oc {qa {qma|kx% Faokeva fao `cblok wmfk } ok bqa|va/ hkfk {qmae clvaef|ë oc {qa axhcna %%%, %S

Omla|vkf } wcoqevkf hok|kbaeva mfaevmgmhkfkx/ |a"hcechmfkx/ kgm|bkfkx: } qe |ah`kyc mnqkobaeva |cvqefc k ok h|aaehmk t|afaxvmekhmøe c ao gkvkomxbc% ³[qí bëx3%%%7%;%84%14%76%<%;6 Ko bk|nae ;% Fafmhkfc k ocx fava|bmemxvkx9Ao ,fava|bmemxbc,/ kevax fa xa| fchv|mek/ vac|âk c h|aaehmk/ ax qek khvmvqf keâbmhk t|cgqefk/ qe ,bcfaoc meva|mc|, fafecbmekobaeva k ok |akomfkf cliavmwk ta|c {qa apt|axk qek fmxtcxmhmøe txâ{qmhk ,abchmceko, |aga|aeva k ok |aokhmøe aev|a ok t|akomfkf c hcexmxvaehmk ta|xceko/ } ok goqaehmk f|kbëvmhk fa ok `mxvc|mk apva|ek a meva|ek k qec bmxbc% Axvk hcexmfa|khmøvâtmhkbaeva ,txmhcocnmxvk,%%%/ ax wëomfk ombmvkfkbaeva (ombmvkfk k xq axtahmgmhmfkf-/ konc {qa Iqen khok|klk xmabt|a kqe{qa |ahk

gkhmomfkf ae ok vaevkhmøe gëqxvmhk "} qe vkevc bagmxvcgíomhk %%%" fa |afqhm| vcfkx okx hmaehmkx k ok txmhcocnâk: cowmfkefc ok cevcocnâgaecbaecocnâk cliavmwk (ocx bcvmwcx meva|ecx {qa ecx mbtaoae k t|anqevk|ecx xcl|a ok |akomfkf fa Fmcx c fa qe ë|lco/ xcembtc|vkevax } ec xcxok}kloax/ ta|c aooc ec xqtokevk ok eahaxmfkf fa hcecha| cliavmwkbaeva ok |akomfkf fao Xa| } fa ocx aevax-:awaevqkoax |kxncx tkvcoønmhcx ae ekfk kqbaevke c |afqhae ok wkomfay oønmhk } cliavmwk fao t|afmhkfc/ {qa `k fa xa| fmxhqvmfc {qa ,fmha,/ ec tc| ok mevaehmøe ,xqlhcexhmaeva, fa {qmaeax oc fmhae {qa ax cv|c kxqevc+ (kqe{qa hcexvkvabcx hma|vk a{qmwkaev|a okx fmxtcxmhmceax txâ{qmhkx fax"c|faekfkx } ao fax"c|fae fa okx vac|mykhmceax {qa fa aookx fa|mwke/ {qa ax qe va|ha| v[qma|c fahm| {qa k wahax/ tk|k fmkocnk| hce ocx |a"t|axaevkevax fa tcxvq|kx mfacoønmhkx a||øeakx c fmga|aevax k okx t|ctmkx/ ecao fmxhq|xc tq|kbaeva |khmceko tc|{qa ao xql"gcefc c v|kx"gcefc kgahvmwc okvaeva ae ok fmxhqxmøe mbtmfa ao fmëocnc/ fkfc {qa {qxqg|a axvë t|a"fmxtqaxvc hcev|k hqko{qma| kbaekyk k xq h|aaehmk } |ahq||m|ë k vcfc xq k|xaeko fa xcgmxbcx tk|k loc{qak|/ faxhcegqefm| ok k|nqbaevkhmøe (c/ hqkefc ok hceg|cevkhmøe hkqxk qe vabc| mehcev|cokloa/ xa |agqnmk|ë ae ok eankhmøe"t|chokbkhm,t|mehmtmcx,/ ao clxvmekfc xmoaehmc c mehoqxc ok |akhhmøe kn|axmwk c wmcoaevk {qa xmabt|a ax g|qvc fa qek hcblmekhmøe wk|mkloa fabmafc meva|mc|/ ec kxqbmfc } apv|cwa|vmfc c ,t|c}ahvkfc, ae ao cv|c/ ocx cv|cx c okx cv|kx mfakx-: mewcoqh|kefc vkblmíe ko meva|oc{qa xqaoa ta|fa| t|cevc xq hok|mfkf } hcbtcxvq|k/ faiëefcxa k||kxv|k| ao qe wø|vmha h|ahmaeva fa tkxmcekomfkf c apt|axmce

kgahvmwc {qa k||qmek gmekobaeva oc tchc {qa |axvklk fa fmëocnc %%% (oc xí tc| apta|maehmk+-% Aevcehax hcewmaea qxk| axv|kvavëhvmhkx hcbqemhkhmcekoax bëx kbkloax/ xak aegkvmykefc ok t|axaevkhmøe fa ok t|ctmk vaxmx ae way fa haev|k| ocx axgqa|ycx ae |aok hcev|k|mk/ c ktc|vk| tmxvkx/ xaûkoax tk|k {qa ao cv|c okx |ahc||k tc| xâ xcoc: mewmvkhmceax/ xqna|aehmkx k hcexmfa|k| tc| ai% ok lafao <*<26 (k {qmae h|aa {qa <*<21 "ao |awcoqhmcek|mc" c <*<28 "ao hcexa|wkfc|"%%%-: c mehoqxc t|ctcxmhmceax hkqvmwkevax xmvqkfkxta|xtahvmwk fao cv|c/ {qa ae|m{qayhke xq hcefmhmøe/ gkwc|ahmaefc xqvmo } naevmobaeva qek awaevqko |qtvq|k fa ax{qabkxhcehalmfcx% Ta|c xmabt|a hce vcvko g|ke{qayk/ `ceaxvmfkf } ,kbklmomfkf,% C xak9 hce kbc|/ kfctvkefc#hcbtk|vmaefc ,tbcbaevc, ec xøoc ao tqevc fa wmxvk/ xmec ao xqg|mbmaevc fao cv|c: ec hce okx víhemhkx hcegqxmcek|mkx } ta|wa|vmfc|kxqnaxvmcemxbc fmkløomhc {qa |ahq||a k ok ta|gmfmk/ ko xk|hkxbc/ ko xcgmxbk gkoky {qa lqxhk kt|cwah`k| okx falmomfkfax c gtxâ{qmhkx fao hcev|mehkeva tk|k faxv|qm|oc k ío iqevc k xqx h|aaehmkx% ] axvc "oc fao falkva kevknøemhc" ba oc fmnc k bâ bmxbc afa kqvch|âvmhk %%%: kqe{qa ok n|kwafkf fa ocx ,bkoax fao bqefc, } ao axvkfc hqkxm } t|a"hkvkxv|øgmhc fa ok hqovq|k bqefmko/ iqxhma|vk fmkoíhvmhk fa ok v|meh`a|k {qa ae hcefmhmceax bâembkbaeva ec|bkoax xa|ë |at|clkloa% Oc {qa xqnma|c k ocx fava|bmemx

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hcbc qe bcfc fa xa| hce xq t|ctmk wm|vqf } wm|vqcxmfkf/ xmec qe fce xqt|abc {qa xøoc ao `cbl|a "ùemhk h|mkvq|k" tk|aha |ahmlmfc/ fao hqko aehcev|kbcx |kxv|cx } xaûkoax ae hkxm vcfkx xqx khvmwmfkfax/ ta|c {qa/ xme ablk|nc/ xa faxk||cook toaekbaevhqkefc ok khhmøe h|aø xq t|ctmc axtkhmc bqefkec/ fcefa tqafa ktk|aha| } bkemgaxvk|xa% Hcbaevk|mc9Qe fmxhq|xc xaexmloa a mevaomnaeva/ ta|c xqvmobaeva t|a"iqmhmkfc (axvc xøoc xa h|mvmhk hqkefc fmh`c t|a"iqmhmc tk|aha kgahvkt|ctqaxvk {qa xme aooc `kl|âk g|qhvmgmhkfc-: k{qaikfc tc| k{qaooc {qa fíhkfkx faxtqíx fanaea|k|k ae axk bcfk ,mfacocnmhmxvkvkevc axva|momyk|k ao taexkbmaevc |khmceko ae okx fíhkfkx fao 74 } >4% Ao xqlgcefc } v|kxgcefc mfacoønmhc"tcomvmhmxvk taekhcbtoaic mehcexhmaeva/ } `kha {qa vcfk hcexmfa|khmøe k ok |akomfkf/ ao bqefc/ ok `mxvc|mk/ ao hcxbcx/ ok |aomnmøe/ ok hqovq|k `qb{qafa |afqhmfk k qek vapvqkomykhmøe fmxhq|xmwk {qa v|mlqvk ko t|a"iqmhmc (wk|âke ocx bkvmhax9 bkva|mkomxbc `mxvø|mhc/ axv|qhvq|kxchmcocnâk tcxmvmwmxvk } konùe bkvmy xabmcoønmhc kevmhmtkfc-: tk|k hcehoqm| ae qe tqûkfc fa kxawa|khmceax ax{qabëvmhkx falmomfkf ec ax kvabta|kfk tc| ok aoankehmk fao axvmoc (apmxvaehmkomxbc/ gkvkomxbc `mxvc|mhmxvk/ hcehmaehmk } omla|vkf hcbc moqxmceta|xceko c xqta|axv|qhvq|k mbtcvaeva keva ok bahëemhk fa ok `mxvc|mk hce xqx kqvcbkvmxbcx ekvq|koax avh%-% Ok kqvc|k/ taexk

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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tcvaeva/ c|mnmeko } lkxvkeva koí|nmhk k hcbtokhaehmkx khkfabmhmxvkx/ `kha qe `a|bcxc } hkxm faxaxta|kfc aocnmc k ok omla|vkf `qaevaefmfk (} t|khvmhkfk/ tc| aook bmxbk/ k xklmaefkx } hce ecloayk- kqvøecbkbaeva/ hkxm hqko |afqhvc `a|cmhc fa ok hcehmaehwcoqevkf keva ao xmec gkvko fa ok ekvq|koayk bkva|mko/ fcefa ok wm|vqf (mfaevmfkf |agoapmwk {qa xcl|awmwa/ kqe{qa tc| tchchcehmaehmk tcoâvmhk {qa hcoktxk|ë iqevc hce ok bqa|va fa axk hcevapvqkomfkf `mxvø|mhc"hqovq|ko- ax ok ùovmbk ae |aefm|xa kembtokhkloa oa} {qa vcfc oc hcefqha k ok ekfk% Tc| hma|vc ec hcbtk|vc ok hcehoqxmøe/ ok meawmvkloa hcehoqxmøe fa xklc| ,emavyxh`aao `cbl|a t|cvkncemxvk ùemhc fa vcfc } fao vcfc/ ao `cbl|a"vcfc: fabmq|nc klxv|khvc } xcomtxmxvk fa xâ bmxbc axtahâgmhc: c fa vkqvcoønmhc } ,kev|øtmhc,9 ao bqefc {qa hcecyhc ax ok mbknae {qa bm axtaic |agoaik c mewaevk/ } tc| aooc ba ax oâhmvc h|aa| {qa }ok hokwa fava|bmekeva fa axa bqefc % Ok echmøe fa ,bmokn|c, hcbc meva||qthmøe c ,xmenqok|mfkf, ae ok hkfaek fa awaevcx ekvqhcehkvaekfcx ekvq|kobaeva/ ax meva|axkeva/ ta|c hcewaef|âk fmga|aehmk| aev|a v|ax vmtcx fa ,kova|khmceax,9;%" Ocx bavk"awaevcx xmvqkfcx ae ocx n|kefax ,tqevcx fa megoapmøe, fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc9 faxfa ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc

,awaevc ae c|mnae, t|cvc `mxvø|mhc/ tk|kføimhc ae xâ- `kxvk ocx t|cvc"xqhaxcx {qa ,xce, xøoc ae c|mnae/ hcbc ao f|kbk xmbløomhct|cvc"tk|aik ae Afíe (xa bkemgmaxvke#t|c}ahvke ae } hcbc `mxvc|mk/ ta|c ec apmxvma|ce hcbc xqhaxc mxvø|mhc axtahâgmhc-%<%" Ocx hkblmcx hqkomvkvmwcx {qa ikoceke ok `mxvc|mk ekvq|ko/ } {qa kt|ahmkbcx gaecbíemhkbaeva (faxfa ok mebkeaehmk- hcbc xv|kexgc|bkfc| kvâtmhc a meaptomhkloa hkqxko c bahëemhkbaeva9 ai%9 ok ahocxmøe fa ok hcehmaehmk `qbkek/ ae ok oâeak awcoqvmwk%ktc|âkx ktk|aevax (ao fava|bmemxvk ec aevmaefa xq ,oønmhk,- ec xce ,bmokn|cx, kqe{qa hkomgmhk|ocx kxâ ax qek laook apt|axmøe {baeva kneøxvmhk v|mlqvk k ocx bmxva|mcx fa ok ekvq|komfkf: xmec apt|axmceax bkva|mkoax fa Khvcx Øevmhcx {qa hcexvmvq}ae ok mevanok h|akhmøe fmwmek (ta|c ok faxh|mthmøe bkva|mkomxvk ax gkoxmgmhkfk k wahax hcbc aptomhkhmøe-%8%" Okx ,ecwafkfax cliavmwkx, {qa kova|ke/ hcebqawae/ bcfmgmhke ok Vapvq|k fa \akomfkf tk|hmko c vcvkobaeva9 ax ao hkxc fhcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx (hqkxm } txaqfc tk|kfcikx- kekomykfcx ae axva aexk}c% Va||aec bq} wk|mkfc } gí|vmo {qa megkevkxâkx#xqaûcx/ khvc fa kbc|/ khhmceax t|c/ hc } |a"h|akvmwkx } vkblmíe hma|vcx ,agahvcx, mevaehmcekoax c ec/ {qa |a{qma|axqxtaexmøe/ bcfmgmhkhmøe c vaexmcekbmaevc oâbmva fao hceiqevc fa oa}ax ekvq|koax (ae |mnc|9 hcefmhmøe ekvq|ko#bkva|mko hcegc|bkhmøe } hcegmnq|khmøe/ ax kova|kfk t|axhmefmaefc fa okx oa}ax gc|bkoax {qa ok fava|bmeke- fa qek hm|hqexvkehmk tk|v

(tc| ai%/ qek khhmøe fa oawmvkhmøe/ vaoajmeaxmx/ vaoatkvâk avh%-%6%" Ocx bmokn|cx t|ctmkbaeva vkoax {qa xmabt|a xce (oc kt|ahmkbcx hcbc vko- ao agahvc fa qe khvc axtm|mvqko/ aiahqvkfc tc| qeta|xceko  âfab (c bavkgâxmhc-/ } {qa fawmaea ae khhmøe/ hkqxkefc qek fava|bmekfk hcegmnq|khmøe agâba|k c ta|bkeaeva% Kovmaeae qe cliavmwc vaxvmbcemko/ apt|axmwc/ xmbløomhc/ afqhkvmwc/ megc|bkvmwc: } ao agahvc gâxmhc ax qek hcexahqaehmk xahqefk|t|cvknøemhk (ai%9 ao v|qaec {qa kevahafa okx ktk|mhmceax bk|mkekx: c ok oawmvkhmøe fao bâxvmhc ae ípvkxmx-% Cv|cx ae hkblm,gmnq|kvmwkbaeva mevaehmcekoax,/ hcbc ocx bmokn|cx"xmnecx fa Iaxùx%Xm lmae vcfcx axvcx vmtcx fa awaevc |cbtae/ bcfmgmhke c kova|ke ok hcevmeqmfkf ktk|aeva (gmnq|kvmwk- fao c|fae ekvq|kgmekomfkfax fmgma|ae ae mevaehmcekomfkf xmnemgmhkhmceko (bc|ko-/ hcbtk|vmaefc ok hcehaev|khmøe fao |axtahvmwc f|kbk ae ok haev|tk|kføimhk/ fcefa ,axvë, ok Mbknae% ] ec xa kt|ahmk {qa ae aooc meva|waenk ok omla|vkf"wcoqevkf/ fm|ahvk em mefm|ahvkbaeva: kqe{mevan|ko fa axvcx ,t|cfmnmcx, hcexvmvq}a qe laooc } hkvanø|mhc bcxkmhc fa ok axtm|mvqkomfkf/ ok v|kxhaefaehmk/ vcfc k{qaooc {qa abëx {qa ok moqxmøe fa bkva|mkomfkf ekvq|ko% Xmnkbcx hce ao vapvc9Hkfk khvc/ ec ae ok ta|xtahvmwk fao knaeva xmec fao t|chaxc fcefa chq||a } hq}c kqvcbkvmxbc meva||qbta/ ax qe ,bmokn|c,:meaxta|kfc% Ok hktkhmfkf tk|k |akomyk| bmokn|cx fala axvk| ae ao |kenc fa okx gkhqovkfax `qbkekx% Tk|aha |k|c ta|c axvë ekvq|koayk fa hkfk eqawc hcbmaeyc m||qbtm| ae ao bqefc hcbc qek ,megmemvk mbt|clklmomfkf,/ ta|c ax axva ,megmemvkbmbt|clkloa, oc {qa hcexvmvq}a ao vaimfc fa oc {qa ookbkbcx |ako% Eqaxv|k apmxvaehmk faxhkexk ae qek hkfaek fa bmokn|cx/ ao ooaapmxvm| fa ok Vma||k/ ao faxk||cooc fa ok wmfk c|nëemhk ae aook/ ok awcoqhmøe fa ok `qbkemfkf k tk|vm| fa okx axtahmax kembHcexmfa|kefc ocx t|chaxcx qemwa|xkoax#ekvq|koax } xqx t|clklmomfkfax axvkfâxvmhkbaeva kl|qbkfc|kx/ ok ktk|mhmøe fa ok Vma||k ocx t|chaxcx høxbmhcx/ ok wmfk c|nëemhk faxfa ocx t|chaxcx mec|nëemhcx/ } faxfa íxvcx k ok awcoqhmøe fao `cbl|a/ xce ,megmbt|clklmomfkfax, c ,bmokn|cx, ae oaenqkia hcvmfmkec%Hcbaevk|mc9Eøvaxa {qa xa hcexmfa|k ao ,khvc, (hcehatvc cevcoønmhc/ bëx lmae ,khhmøe,- xøoc xanùe {qmae oc agahvùk } xcl|a k{qaooc {qa agahvc/ ec ae xâ (ok cevcocnâk hoëxmhk tc| xq tk|va/ cbmva oc gaecbaecoønmhc } xa haev|k ae ao khvqkeva"khvc ae xâ-% Ok echmø,vaimfc |ako, hqko xqhaxmøe fa ecwafkfax"bmokn|cx/ ax qek `a|bcxk apt|axmøe/ toavø|mhk fa wa|fkf } xmnemgmhkehmk/ ta|c mbt|amexqgmhmaeva% Ok `mtøvaxmx tk|kføimhk fa ok Vapvq|k fa \akomfkf } xq |akhhmøe keva okx ,ecwafkfax cliavmwkx, ax bëx t|ahmxk% Thcbaevk|mc fa @% K|aefv ba ta|bmva qek ctc|vqek kqvch|âvmhk9 xm lmae ec t|cgqefmhí ao vabk fa ok Vapvq|k \ako } xcokba

awkoqí ae gqehmøe fa hma|vcx hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx "xqaûcx" {qa hcexvmvq}ae ecwafkfax cliavmwkx/ gkovø baehmcek|/ } oc `knc k{qa axc {qa K|aefv kt|ahmk hcbc qek hcevmeqmfkf hcexvkeva fa awaevcx hqkomgmhkevax c ,bmokn|cx,/ ax bëx lmae qe hcehfmkoíhvmhc aev|a ok hcevmeqmfkf t|cn|axmwk } ,ec|bko, fa ok ekvq|koayk gâxmhk ae hq|xc fa fax"aewcowmbmaevc (ok `mxvc|mk fao GWa|lko {qa v|kx"tkxk| ao  tqevc fa megoapmøe fawmaea ae ao t|c}ahvc fa ok bkva|mkomfkf/ {qa oc apt|axk/ bkemgmaxvk } ,|akomyk,aba|naehmk fa bavk"awaevcx {qa xqhafae ae ocx xql"tqevcx fa megoapmøe c haev|komfkfax xmxvíbmhkx fa ok Tk|kfcik Bhcbaeykefc tc| ao ,c|mnae,/ xmnqmaefc hce ok aba|naehmk fa ok hcehmaehmk }#c mfaevmfkf }cmhk ecbmeko (ao K%H%T% {qa ,ktkhcbc qe bcbaevc hqkomvkvmwc |kfmhko ae ok hcevmeqmfkf fao emwao xqta|mc| (kembko- fa ok awcoqhmøe bkva|mko-/ } avh%%% (mnec|c xm `kl|ë bëx/ vko hcbc xqtceâk V% fa H`k|fme ko t|awa| qek gkxa hcehoqxmwk fa ok oâeak awcoqvmwk tc| hcbtoaimfkf } |a"goapmeccxga|k% Tc|{qa ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc ax qe bavk"awaevc mevan|kfc| } høxbmhc/ ec xøoc qemwa|xko"ekvq|ko: qek ahhqkomvkvmwk ,t|cn|kbkfk, ae ok `mxvc|mk bkva|mko-% K fahm| wa|fkf/ `k} hc||maevax fa lmøocncx {qa tmaexke oc bmxbc {qa K|aehqkevc k {qa "tc| ai%" ao ktk|ahmbmaevc fa ok wmfk ae naea|ko } ok wmfk `qbkek ae tk|vmhqok|/ ax axvkfâxvmhk } t|clklmoâxvmhkbae,mbtcxmloa,/ kqe{qa xqhafmø: konc |alkvmfc tc| ocx fava|bmemxvkx } tc| ocx fagaexc|ax fao ,moqxmcemxbc kev|øtmhc,9 Hcehqa|fc oc ax/ hcbc ok hcehmaehmk/ ok hmqfkf %%% Xce ocx `mvcx {qa ikoceke xmnemgmhkhmcekobaeva ok `mxvc|mk ekvq|ko c awcoqhmøe fao Gkhvc| W

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Ta|c ec xce qe hcevmeqc fa ecwafkfax"bmokn|cx k ec xa| {qa vcbabcx axk apt|axmøe ae hokwa tcívmhk"|cbëevmhk% Ktk|va fa`mvcx/ oc {qa cliavmwkbaeva hcexvmvq}a ecwafkfax cliavmwkx xce ocx hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx kqvcbëvmhcx a mevaehmcekoax/ faxfxqaûcx `kxvk ocx taexkbmaevcx/ |ahqa|fcx/ bcfaocx meva|mc|ax (}k aptom{qí tc|{qí xce ,ecwafkfax, kiaekx k ok Vapvq|k fa \akhvqko } tcvaehmko-: } vkbtchc xce ,bmokn|cx, kqe{qa ec `k} t|cloabk ae `klok| fao ,bmokn|c hcevmeqc fa ok wmfk, }#c ,f`qbkec, avh% Ecx kha|hkbcx k oc cliavmwk } |akobaeva ,bmokn|cxc, hqkefc axvcx khvcx#khhmceax c hcexv|qhvcx/ khvùke"khvqkomyhqkomfkfax ,xqta|mc|ax, } |kfmhkoax fao Kobk } ok txm{qa `qbkek/ k{qaookx {qa ecx hcbqemhke } wmehqoke fm|ahvk a mebafmkvkbaFmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec/ ao {qa axvë faev|c } gqa|k fa ecxcv|cx hcbc |akomfkf ta|xceko khvmwk } fmga|aehmkfk fa ok bkva|mkomfkaxtahmko ao Kbc|% K|aefv mevq}ø lmae ao gcefc fao kxqevc ta|c xq t|a"iqmhmc knecxvmhmxvk ok mbtaoa k t|aga|m| qek axtahma fa `mbec hqkxm"tkevaâxvk/ {qa aekovaha ocx bmxva|mcx"mbtcxmlmomfkfax"bmokn|cx fa ok ,|akomfkf,/ ta|c fmgqxkbaeva% Tc| oc fabkt|ahmc {qa aptom{qa ae gc|bk hcewmehaeva ok |aokhmøe aev|a ao khvc"khhmøe `qbkek } ocx ,khvcx,"awaevcx hqkomvkvmwcx

ekvq|koayk/ em hqko ax xq ,tqevc fa wmxvk, {qa oa ta|bmva fmxhq||m| xcl|a oc qec } oc cv|c/ hcbc xm ocx hcevabtok|k c axvqwmaxa ,f} gqa|k, fa aoocx (axvë lmae qxk| okx waevkikx fa ok ,tk|kfcik fmwmek,/ ta|c qe bâembc fa hc|vaxâk xqnma|a |ahcecha|oc %%%/ fa whqkefc-%K`c|k lmae9 axvc ba `myc taexk| ae qek tcxmloa vmtcocnâk fa ,ecwafkfax cliavmwkx,% Tc| aiabtoc9%" Meva|waehmceax xcl|aekvq|koax cliavmwkx9 faxfa okx ktk|mhmceax#baexkiax#wmxmceax `kxvk ocx ,bmokn|cx, (ocx megoqicx a meva|waehfa c|mnae } gmekomfkf eankvmwk ",fmkløomhk,/ ,fabceâkhk, } ,xkvëemhk," kova|ke ok Vapvq|k \ako tc| oc ekvq|ko } tc| oc txâ{qmhc c bc|ko/ ta|c ec hcexvmvq}ae ecwafkfax cliavmwkx tc| xq âefcoa eankvmwc/ fmxcoqvmwc/ fax"c|faekfc|/ |an|axmwc/ mewcoqvmwc-%%" Khvcx#khhmceax fa Kbc| 9 fa vcfk âefcoa } k hqko{qma| axhkok% Hqkomgmhke tcfa|cxkbaeva ok `mxvc|mk/ ok awcoqhmøe } ok |akomfkf%%" Mev|cxtahhmceax/ apëbaeax fa hcehmaehmk/ kqvch|âvmhkx (mevaehmcekoax/ tc| xcl|a ocx kqvcbkvmxbcx fao T|chaxc Bc|ko-ecwafkfax cliavmwkx tc|{qa naea|ke hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx fao vmtc ,bcfaoc, (|agoaic } hc||anmfc |axtahvc ko kevahafaeva be|a"wmxkfc-%%"  K||ataevmbmaevcx9 wmwaehmk taecxk fa|mwkfk fa kqvch|âvmhkx ,meva|mc|ax, |a"goapmwkx% \agc|bqoke tk|hmko c vcvkobaeva ok wmw

`mxvø|mhk fa(o- xâ bmxbc c fao hcevaemfc beíxmhc wmwaehmko%%" C|khmceax fa ocx xkevcx9 vcfkx okx c|khmceax/ toank|mkx/ t|ahax/ |aycx/ hcbqemhkhmceax |mvqkoax c axtcevëeakx hce Fmcx/ ocx xkBk|âk%Kn|qtí axvkx 6 c hmehc bcfkomfkfax tc|{qa xce ao bcvc| bc|ko } axtm|mvqko fa ok hcehmaehmk `qbkek: konc {qa falmaxa c tqfmaqe tcfa|cxc knaeva v|kexgc|bkfc| } khaoa|kfc| fa ok Tk|qxâk } ao Toa|cbk: ta|c {qa tc| ,ao axvkfc fa hcxkx,/ `c} hqbtoagqehmøe fagaexmwk `a|cmhk: tcxva|nkefc/ g|aekefc/ kvaeqkefc/ bmvmnkefc ao bëx {qa t|clkloa } tcxmloa bcbaevc fao ,Fmaxhq}k hk|nk faxv|qhvmwk/ tqemvmwk } hc||ahvmwk xa khqbqok tcfa|cxkbaeva ec tc| hkqxkx ekvq|koax xmec tc| ao axgqa|yc xcxvaemocx knaevax fao bko% Mevaoahvqkoax/ khkfíbmhcx/ hmaevâgmhcx/ tcoâvmhcx/ `cbl|ax fa ípmvc xchmko/ ahceøbmhc } ,bafmëvmhc,/ bkevqek hcexvkeva/ xcla|lmk } hcbtokhmaeva khvmvqf fa wmomtaefmc c faxt|ahmc keva axva vmtc fa khvmwmfkfax {qa hcexmfa|ke m||mxmeùvmoax/ bcoaxvkx c hqkefc ec/ ta|iqfmhmkoax tk|k ok vcvkomykhmøe fa xq t|ctmk wa|xmøe fa ok tcxv"bcfa|emfkf% «Mexaexkmen|kvcx+%%%: tc|{qa n|khmkx k axa emwao t|cfqhvmwc fa ok hqovq|k `qbkek/ ax {qa ok hkvëxv|cga kùe ec kfwmaea } aoocx tqafae hcek ncyk| fa xq lmaeaxvk| bkva|mko/ txaqfc"t|axvmnmc xchmko } iqncxcx abcoqbaevcx+%%%%" Hcexv|qhvcx meva|mc|ax |agoaicx c ,kqvcbëvmhcx,9 ao cv|c c|fae fa ,ecwafkfax, t|a"bc|koax c tk|koaokx ko T|chaxc Bc|ko mevaec wcomvmwc9 ocx xqaûcx } gkevkxacx mewcoqevk|mcx: } vkblmíe ocx bcfaocx beíxmhcx/ hcbaeykefc hce ocx bmxbâxmbcx |ahqa|fcxmbknmea|âk }k hcexvmvq}a qek gc|bk fa |agoaic c ,hctmk, fa konùe |aga|aeva cliavmwc |ako (kqe{qa ec ao gkhxâbmo {qa xqtctxmhcocnmxbc } gmxmcocnmxbc-: konc ec t|awmxvc/ hcevaemfc em hcevabtokfc tc| ok Vapvq|k \ako/ ae emenùe bcbaevc fa xq apvavabtc|ko%%" Hc"h|akvmwmfkf/ t|c"h|akvmwmfkf/ |a"h|akvmwmfkf 9 ok h|akvmwmfkf c mewaevmwk k|vâxvmhk/ hmaevâgmhk } omva|k|mk: ocx hcexv|qhvcx |khmc(hcehatvqkomykhmceax bcfíomhkx (vac|âkx fa |akomfkf#`mxvc|mk- c tq|kbaeva wa|lko ax (gc|bqokhmceax oønmhkx } bkvabëvmhvkblmíe ok t|c"h|akhmøe lmcoønmhk tc|{qa k fmga|aehmk fa xq kevahafaeva kembko/ mexa|vk ae ok Vapvq|k \ako qe xa| ecbmeko ,MFam,/ hq}k ,kobk axtm|mvqko, ax ec qek ecwafkf klxcoqvk c ae xâ/ ta|c xâ cv|c mbtcxmloa ekvq|ko% Hcevmeùc hce @% K|aefv9Axvcx ,bmokn|cx, ecx xc|t|aefae xak tc|{qa ocx vabkbcx c t|cwc{qae axta|keyk% Ao mbtkhvc fa qe awaevc eqehk ax hcbtoavkbaptomhkloa/ xq gkhqovkf v|kxhmaefa vcfk kevmhmtkhmøe% Ok apta|maehmk {qa bqaxv|k ao hk|ëhva| bmokn|cxc fa ocx awaevcx ec ax k|lmem xcgmxvmhkfk/ xmec oc bëx ekvq|ko (hkxm qe oqnk| hcbùe-% Xme axvk apta|maehmk hcbùe/ oc kxmnekfc tc| ok |aomnmøe k ocx bmxcl|aekvq|koax xa|âk mehcbt|aexmloa% Aoanâ ao aiabtoc fa ocx t|chaxcx ekvq|koax meva||qbtmfcx tc| ao kfwaembmaevc fa qek ,me

mbt|clklmomfkf, tk|k moqxv|k| {qa oc faecbmekfc ,|ako, ae ok hcvmfmkeamfkf/ apmxva tc| hcmehmfaehmkx bëx apv|kûkx {qa ok gmhhmøeaiabtoc ax ombmvkfc } xa|âk tq|k xqta|xvmhmøe axta|k| bmokn|cx/ ,megmemvkx mbt|clklmomfkfax, ae ao hcevapvc fa t|chaxcx kqvcb`mxvø|mhcx c tcoâvmhcx/ kqe{qa ec tcfabcx aphoqm|oc hcbtoavkbaeva% Ok `mxvc|mk/ ae ctcxmhmøe k ok ekvq|koayk/ axvë ooaekhcevahmbmaevcx: k{qâ ao bmokn|c fao khhmfaeva } fa ok ,megmemvk mbt|clklmomfkf, chq||a g|ahqaevabaeva% Ta|c ok |kyøe fa

 g|ahqaehmk ax {qa ocx t|chaxcx `mxvø|mhcx xce h|akfcx a meva||qbtmfcx tc| ok memhmkvmwk `qbkek/ tc| ao memvmqb {qa ao `cbl|a vkevc xa| {qa khvùk% Tc| aooc ec ax xqta|xvmhmcxc/ xmec qe t|ahatvc |akomxvk lqxhk| oc mbt|awmxmloa } oc mbt|afahmloa/ ao ax,bmokn|cx, ae ok axga|k tcoâvmhk% ] hqkevc bëx mebmeaeva xak ao faxkxv|a/ vkevc bëx bmokn|cxc ktk|aha|ë ao khvc oml|a: tc|{qafaxkxv|a } ec xq xkowkhmøe oc {qa xmabt|a chq||a kqvcbëvmhkbaeva (} {qa tk|aha m||axmxvmloa-% Ok fmga|aehmk fahmxmwk aev,megmemvkx mbt|clklmomfkfax, {qa hk|khva|myke ok |akomfkf va||aeko/ } ao hk|ëhva| bmokn|cxc me`a|aeva k axcx awaevcx/ ax {qa/ akxqevcx `qbkecx/ ao kqvc| fa ocx ,bmokn|cx, xce ocx `cbl|ax: ,{qmaeax tc| `kla| |ahmlmfc ao fcloa fce fa ok omla|vkf } ok k

 tqafae axvkloaha| qek |akomfkf t|ctmk,% Hcbaevk|mc9

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@keek K% bqaxv|k qek xaexmlmomfkf mevqmvmwk lkxvkeva t|cgqefk } ha|va|k |axtahvc k ok ,|akomfkf,% Fa `ah`c "} ta|føeaxamebcfaxvmk"/ tmaexk#xmaeva ae bcfc lkxvkeva xmbmok| ko bâc (oc {qa fmha ba |axqovk bq} gkbmomk|/ hcoc{qmko: aphatvc oc fao ikxtakhvc gqefkhmceko %%%-: kqe{qa ao t|a"iqmhmc mfacoønmhc "xm lmae axvmomykfc/ fmxh|avc } baecx hcbtqoxmwc {qa ae ao bk}c|âk fhcoankx" hcl|k xq t|ahmc/ ae axtahmko hqkefc mbtcea ok hqkxm clomnkhmøe fa c|maevk| ao fmxhq|xc `khmk fa||cva|cx {qa nk|kegmekoax k"|aomnmcxcx/ k"vaâxvkx c ko baecx kneøxvmhcx (oëxvmbk %%%/ mehoqxc mevq}ø konc {qa k ocx hmaevâgmhcx bkva|mkomxvkx vkevc oax h|ahcecha|9 ao fmëocnc c hcev|ktqevc aev|a ok `mxvc|mk ekvq|ko ,ec|bko, } ocx awaevcx kvâtmhcx/ okx ecwafkfax hqkomvkvmwkx {qa hkqaba|naehmk c ktk|ahmbmaevc fa k{qaoocx gaeøbaecx/ awaevcx } ,|akomfkfax, ekvq|kobaeva mbtcxmloax xm bm|kb`mxvc|mk#awcoqhmøe xøoc hcevmeqk } faxh|mtvmwkbaeva: xm xøoc ok hcevabtokbcx tc| xq faxk||cooc gmnq|kvmwc/ faxfa ao  tqevc fa meg`kxvk ok hceh|ahmøe bkva|mko/ clwmkefc ao khvc/ megoqic/ abkekhmøe/ agahvc/ t|c}ahhmøe/ bkemgaxvkhmøe } apt|axmøe fao Gkhvc| WaTc| ùovmbc/ khma|vk vkblmíe ko kt|ahmk| ao hk|ëhva| ,bmokn|cxc, fao khvc oml|a/ |axtahvc ko hcevmeqc ekvq|ko%

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 @keek` K|aefv/ {qmae |ah`kyklk ao vâvqoc fa ,gmoøxcgc,/ ax hcexmfa|kfk qek fa okx taexkfc|kx bëx mehmxmwkx fao xmnoc <4% Axvqfmø hce @amfan|cbkeha hce ío oa fmc ao vmtc fa gkbk } apta|maehmk {qa baecx `kl|âk faxakfc-/ vkblmíe v|klkiø hce J% Ikxta|x (ok fm|mnmø ae qek vaxmx xcl|a Xke Knqxvâe-/ fafa|mwø ok echmøe fa Omla|vkf hcbc khvc gqefkeva% 

7%;%84%14%76%6 %" Hmvkx9Clvaemfc fa ,`vvt9##ax%~mjm{qcva%c|n#~mjm#Omla|vkf,,Ae ao bk|kwmoocxc |amec fa ok baeva a fa xa| oml|a hcbc ocx fabëx,% @aoae Jaooa| ,Axvk ax ok ùovmbk hcehoqxmøe fa ok xklmfq|âk9 ok omla|vkf } ok wmfk xa ba|ahae xm xa okx hce{qmxvk vcfcx ocx fâkx,% I%^% Ncav`a,Ok omla|vkf/ hqkefc abtmayk k ah`k| |kâhax/ ax qek tokevk fa |ëtmfc h|ahmbmaevc,% Nac|na kx`menvce,Ok omla|vkf axvë ae xa| fqaûcx fa ok t|ctmk wmfk,% K|mxvøvaoax,Ok omla|vkf/ Xkeh`c/ ax qec fa ocx bëx t|ahmcxcx fceax {qa k ocx `cbl|ax fma|ce ocx hmaocx: hce aook ec tqafae mnqkok|xa ocx vaxc|cx {qa aehma||k ok vma||k emaehql|a: tc| ok omla|vkf/ kxâ hcbc tc| ok ce|k/ xa tqafa } fala kwaevq|k| ok wmfk %%%, % Bmnqao fa Ha|wkevax ae ,Fce [qmicva,,Ok omla|vkf ec kha gaomhax k ocx cbl|ax: ocx kha xaehmookbaeva cbl|ax,% Bkeqao Kykûk,Ekfma hcblkva ok omla|vkf: k oc xqbc hcblkva ok omla|vkf fa ocx fabëx %%%, % Jk|o Bk|p,Ec ax lqaec xa| fabkxmkfc oml|a% Ec ax lqaec vaea| vcfc oc {qa qec {qma|a,% Lokmxa Tkxhko,[qmae ax kqvíevmhc/ kxqba ok |axtcexklmomfkf tc| xa| oc {qa ax } xa |ahcecha oml|a fa xa| oc {qa ax,% Iake"Tkqo Xk|v|a,%%% Xm h|aax ae ok omla|vkf fa apt|axmøe aevcehax h|aax ae ok omla|vkf fa apt|axmøe tk|k tqevcx fa wmxvk {qa va fmxnqxvke% Tc| aiabtoc/ Ncallaox axvklk k gkwcomla|vkf fa apt|axmøe tk|k ocx tqevcx fa wmxvk {qa hcbtk|vâk/ hcbc Xvkome %%%, % Eckb H`cbxj},Xm xmaevax {qa konc va axhk|klkiak faev|c/ tmfmíefcva omla|vkf/ kl|a ao h`c||c } fíikoc hc||a| vko } hcbc l|cva,% Bmnqao fa Qekbqec,Xm xcbcx oml|ax/ vcfc ecx xcl|k,% Icxí fa Xke Bk|vâe,Vq omla|vkf tk|k knmvk| ocx l|kycx va|bmek ae fcefa hcbmaeyk bm ek|my,% Xvqk|v H`kxa,Ok omla|vkf ec ok vmaeae ocx {qa ec vmaeae xq xaf ,% \kgkao Kola|vm,%%% bm omla|vkf xa cgaefa xm xc} gaomy hce bmafc %%%, @c|khmc Ga||a| (,omla|vkenc,/ bùxmhk fa Tmkyycook-, Kbkbcx ok omla|vkf tc|{qa ecx kha xaevm| ok tcaxâk fa ok wmfk/ } eqehk xcbcx bëx n|kefabaeva qbkecx hcbc hqkefc axvkbcx oqh`kefc tc| ok omla|vkf ,% AKenaocy,@q}ke fao tkâx fcefa qec xøoc aia|ha vcfcx ocx tcfa|ax9 ax qe tkâx fa axhokwcx,% Xmbøe Lcoâwk|,Bëx hqaxvk bkevaea| ao a{qmoml|mc fa ok omla|vkf {qa xctc|vk| ao taxc fa ok vm|keâk,% Xmbøe Lcoâwk|, K taxk| fa okx moqxmceax |khmcekomxvkx/ a mehoqxc bk|pmxvkx/ vcfk ok mxvc|mk fao bqefc ax ok mxvc|mk fa ok omla|vkf ,% Kola|v Hkbqx,Ok omla|vkf ec ax xøoc qek ctc|vqemfkf tk|k xa| baic| ,% Kola|v Hkbqx

,Xm ao cbl|a g|khkxk ae hcehmomk| ok iqxvmhmk } ok omla|vkf/ g|khkxk ae vcfc,% Kola|v Hkbqx,Ao cbl|a ekha oml|a } tc| fc{qma|k xa aehqaev|k xqiavc hce hkfaekx,% Iake"Ikh{qax \cqxxakq,\aeqehmk| k eqaxv|k omla|vkf ax |aeqehmk| k eqaxv|k hkomfkf fa cbl|ax/ } hce axvc k vcfcx ocx fala|ax fa ok qbkemfkf ,% Iake"Ikh{qax \cqxxakq,Ok omla|vkf ax ao fa|ah`c {qa vmaeae okx ta|xcekx fa khvqk| oml|abaeva/ taexk| } klok| xme `mtch|axâk,% Icxí Bk|vâ  Hcbaevk|mc9Tk|k vcfcx ocx nqxvcx/ kqe{qa ae naea|ko axvkx g|kxax c kgc|mxbkx apt|axke ok ctmemøe fao kqvc| ec xcl|a ao ,{qí ax, ok omla|vkfxcl|a xq mbtc|vkehmk/ wkoc|/ oâbmvax/ ktomhkhmceax tcoâvmhkx/ |aokhmøe hce cv|cx wkoc|ax avh% Xm vqwmaxa {qa axhcna|/ ba {qafk|âk hhcbaevk|mc fao menaemcxc `mfkonc ae xq fmëocnc hce Xkeh`c Tkeyk } hce ao fmh`c fa Hkbqx% Ta|c ae naea|ko ba fahathmceke kxawa|khmceax: } t|axaevk|í konqekx hmvkx eacvaxvkbaevk|mkx%EV Ie 0/8; %S,%%% Fahâk Iaxùx9 ,Xm xa bkevmaeae ae bm Tkokl|k/ xa|ëe wa|fkfa|kbaeva bmx fmxhâtqocx/ } hcecha|ëe ok wa|fkf } ok wa|fkf oax `k|ë oml|ax,% |axtcefma|ce9 ,Ecxcv|cx xcbcx faxhaefaehmk fa Kl|k`kb } eqehk abcx xmfc axhokwcx fa ekfma% ³Høbc fmhax vù9 oax `k|ë oml|ax3,% Iaxùx oax |axtcefmø9 ,Ae wa|wa|fkf oax fmnc9 vcfc ao {qa tahk ax qe axhokwc% ] ao axhokwc ec xa {qafk ae hkxk tk|k xmabt|a: bmaev|kx ao `mic xa {qafk tk|k xmabt|a% Xm/ tqax/ ao @mic oaomla|vkf/ xa|ëe |akobaeva oml|ax %%% ,%SEV Oh 6/;0 %S,%%% Ao Axtâ|mvq fao Xaûc| xcl|a bâ/ tc|{qa ba k qenmfc tk|k keqehmk| k ocx tcl|ax ok Lqaek Eqawk/ ba k aewmkfc k t|chokbk| ok omla|khmøe k ocx h} ok wmxvk k ocx hmancx/ tk|k fk| ok omla|vkf k ocx ct|mbmfcx %%%,  S%EV \b 0/< %S,%%% Tc|{qa ok oa} fao axtâ|mvq {qa fk ok wmfk ae H|mxvc Iaxùx va omla|ø fa ok oa} fao tahkfc } fa ok bqa|va %%%,  %SEV \b 0/<4 %S,%%% Ok h|akhmøe/ ae agahvc/ gqa xcbavmfk k ok wkemfkf/ ec axtcevëeakbaeva/ xmec tc| k{qao {qa ok xcbavmø/ ae ok axta|keyk fa xa| omla|kfxa|wmfqbl|a fa ok hc||qthmøe tk|k tk|vmhmtk| ae ok noc|mcxk omla|vkf fa ocx micx fa Fmcx %%%, %SEV ; Hc| ;4/<= %S,%%% Ec ba |agma|c k vq hcehmaehmk/ xmec k ok fao cv|c: tqax ³høbc wk k xa| iqynkfk ok omla|vkf fa bm hcehmaehmk tc| qek hcehmaehmk kiaek3%%%,%SEV < Hc| 8/;> %S,%%% Tc|{qa ao Xaûc| ax ao Axtâ|mvq/ } fcefa axvë ao Axtâ|mvq fao Xaûc|/ kooâ axvë ok omla|vkf %%%, %SEV Nko 1/; %S,%%% Tk|k xa| oml|ax ecx omla|ø H|mxvc% Bkevíenkexa/ tqax/ gm|bax } ec xa faiae ct|mbm| eqawkbaeva lkic ao }qnc fa ok axhokwmvqf %%%, %SEV Vmb </<7 %S,%%% } wcowa| ko lqae xaevmfc/ oml|ëefcxa fa ocx okycx fao Fmkloc {qa ocx vmaea hkqvmwcx/ |aefmfcx k xq wcoqevkf %%%, %SEV Xv </<1 %S,%%% Ae hkblmc ao {qa hcexmfa|k kvaevkbaeva ok Oa} ta|gahvk fa ok omla|vkf } xa bkevmaea gm|ba %%% %%% t|khvmhëefcok/ xa|ë gaomy%%%,%SEV Xv </;< %S,%%% @kloae } cl|ae hcbc hc||axtcefa k ocx {qa ke fa xa| iqynkfcx tc| ok Oa} fa ok omla|vkf %%%, %S

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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t|cn|axmøe c ,axtahmkomykhmøe, ae oc ívmhc (ao xkevc c bâxvmhc-/ ae oc axvívmhc (k|vmxvk- c ae oc hmaevâgmhc (mewaxvmnkfc|/ taexkfc|-: vkblmíe ao faxk||cooc txâ{qmhc (ta|xcekomfkfax k|bøemhkx/ mevan|kfkx/ hc`a|aevax- ae naea|ko } ok hktkhmfkf fa kbk| ae tk|vxce aiabtocx fa apmxvaehmkx ,lmae wmwmfkx, } {qa hcehoq}ae ae tk|kfcikx txâ{qmhkx lmae axv|qhvq|kfkx } axc vkblmíe hqaevkhqkefc ec `k}k qe n|ke bí|mvc bc|ko tc|{qa ao mefmwmfqc `k}k ekhmfc tk|vmhqok|baeva fcvkfc tk|k vko c hqko khvmwmfkf hqovqekhmø t|afmxtqaxvc k qe ,lqae hk|ëhva|,/ vabta|kbaevc } ,ta|xcekomfkf, t|chomwa k ok xmbtkvâk/ ok abtkvâk/ ok lcefkf avbí|mvc xa|ë `kha| g|qhvmgmhk| ko bëpmbc axcx fceax/ kxâ hcbc ao bí|mvc fa {qmae ekha hce vaefaehmk ko fax"a{qmoml|mc c ok wmcoaok cfmcxmfkf/ vaef|ë bí|mvc xm oml|a/ hcexhmaeva } wcoqevk|mkbaeva ocn|k xqta|k| kxâ xak qe tchc/ vkoax bkokx t|afmxtcxmhnaeívmhkx/ hk|khva|mkoax/ gkbmomk|ax/ hqovq|koax avh%-% Tc| axc/ hma|vcx axtahmkomxvkx } ,fchv|meøocncx, xqtceae {qa ocx mefmwgkooahmfcx vabt|kek } kec|bkobaeva/ ae xq t|mba|k gkxa apmxvaehmko tcxv"bc|vab `ke fa hcbtoavk| xq faxk||cooc fa khqa|fc ,toke fa |qvk, {qa faxh|mlâ hce ok `mtøvaxmx fa ocx ,bcofax wm|vqkoax, (ax qek wk|mkeva gqehmceko fao hcehatvc fa Tq|nkxqtcenc-%Ok fqfk ax9 {qí ,xmnemgmhke, axvkx fcx oâeakx c mexvkehmkx3%%% Tc|{qa ae ví|bmecx axv|mhvkbaeva bc|koax } hqkomvkvmwcx t|afcb

t|mba|k/ ta|c vkbtchc `k fa xqt|mbm| k ok xanqefk xc taek fa hka| ae axk axtahma fa mnqkomvk|mxbc |kxc {qa |anâbaeax vcvkomv`ke mevaevkfc ktomhk| hce |axqovkfcx faxkxv|cxcx% Ae ví|bmecx mevan|koax ao kxqevc tk|aha xmbtoa9 {qa Bcyk|v ec `k}k vaemfc e,bí|mvc t|ctmc, ae `kha| oc {qa `myc (aphatvc hqkefc ktc|vø xq axgqa|yc } xkh|mgmhmc bëx kooë fa ok hm|hqexvkehmk ec|bko/ `khkonc bëx fa oc {qa ok hcevapvqkomfkf "meva|ek } apva|ek k ío" tafâk } axta|klk-/ ec keqok ao `ah`c cliavmwc fa `kla| va|bxmaefc qe apmbmc h|akfc| bqxmhko/ oc hqko hcegc|bk } hcegmnq|k xq hcevapvq|k txâ{qmhk (ec xøoc xq kobk- ae axva bqefc } fa bcfc/ vkblmíe ae ok ,ava|emfkf,+%%% Tc|{qa ,ao hmaoc vmaea bqh`kx bc|kfkx, } ae axk hcefmhmøe fa toaemvqf ,xqhafae hcxkx, (okx hcxkx-: qek bavk"`mxvc|mk ae ok hqko qe hma|vc |agoaic t|c}ahvmwc fa oc {qa gqmbcx/ `mhmbcx } ecx faxk||cookbcx ae wmfk/ tqbkemgaxvk|xa ec xøoc hcbc xvkvqx hqkomvkvmwc bc|ko (hce xqx n|kefax tcocx9 xkowkhmøe } hcefaekhmøe-: xmec {qmyëx hcbc axtahmg} axtahmkomykhmøe (³{qa Bcyk|v xmnk xmaefc bùxmhc c hcbtcxmvc| ae ok toaemvqf3%%%/ ³tc|{qí ec3%%% Kqe{qa xm konc kxâ xqhafa/ xa| fa qe bcfc {qa ec tcfabcx hcbt|aefa|/ aevaefa| } em xm{qma|k mbknmek|-% Ao t|cloabk ax xkla| høbc hcehmomk| axvkmexvkehmkx kt|ahmkvmwkx ,k{qâ } k`c|k,/ tc|{qa aooc mehmfa ae ok hqkomgmhkhmøe } axtahmkomykhmøe fa ocx xmxvabkx gc|bkvmwcx c afqhk} fa ok kpmcocnâk xchmc"hqovq|ko ae naea|ko% Xklabcx {qa ocx apv|abcx xce ta|emhmcxcx9 ok ba|mvch|khmk víhemhk klxcoqvkxcokbaeva wkoc|myk vkoaevcx } `klmomfkfax aptoâhmvkx } ,cgmhmkoax,-/ hcefqha k qe gqehmcekomxbc ,agmhmaevmxvk, k"bc|ko/ faxtmkfkf`qbkec: hq}k hcehoqxmøe ekvq|ko ax ao okna|/ ao nqokn c ao hkbtc fa apva|bmemc (ae wa|xmøe bkemgmaxvk c , omn`v , hcbc ok khvqkxq tk|va/ ok ba|mvch|khmk bc|ko klxcoqvk vmaefa k faxt|ahmk| ocx vkoaevcx } `klmomfkfax ta|xcekoax cliavmwkx: gkwc|ahmaefmnqkomvk|mxbc {qa xmabt|a abtk|aik ,`khmk klkic, ec tc| hqotk fa ocx baecx kn|khmkfcx hqkevmvkvmwkbaeva/ xmec fa ocx fk{qaoocx ,cv|cx, "xce c xcbcx bk}c|âk" {qa falmfc ko  gkhvc| fa mbta|gahhmøe vaefabcx k ok ta|ayk/ ok bafmch|mfkf } ao gkhmomx{qa bko kt|cwah`kbcx ok ba|mvch|khmk bc|ko tk|k awmvk| vcfk mefqhhmøe ko ta|gahhmcemxbc/ ok xqta|khmøe/ ok aphaoaehmkK|bcemyk| kblcx t|mehmtmcx xa fmha gëhmo } vkbtchc ax vke fmgâhmo fa t|khvmhk|: ta|c xqlxmxva ok fqfk hcehatvqko%

7%;%84%14%76%> %" Ecvk fa hc||ahhmøe9 kxmbav|âk ' gkhvc| fa mbta|gahhmøe ' omla|vkf %@a mfaevmgmhkfc ok kxmbav|âk fao qemwa|xc gâxmhc (axk |k|k } eqehk ,aptomhkfk, hk|khva|âxvmhk {qa hcbmaeyk k fagmem|xa ae ao bmemhmc c ,Lmn Lken,- hce ao fax"c|fae ae naea|ko } ao fax"c|fae bc|ko hcbc gkhvc| hkqxko c|mnmeko (,ae c|mnae,/ ec ae ao ,memhok t|c}ahhmøe gâxmhk,/ {qa bk|hk ao memhmc fa ok aptkexmøe ' |akomykhmøe fao axtkhmc"vmabtc apvaefmfc-% Ta|c taexëefbafmvëefcoc baic|/ vko way `k}k {qa fmxh|mbmek| aev|a ao fax"c|fae } okx vaefaehmkx aev|øtmhkx g|qvc fa ,ok hkâfk, c ,Ta

C|mnmeko, ({qa xqhafa qek way ,ae c|mnae,/ tk|kfmnbëvmhk/ xmbløomhk } vâtmhkbaeva/ } chq||a xmabt|a t|c}ahvkfc ae hkfkbc|ko ta|xceko/ oc hqko kgahvk |av|c"t|c}ahvmwkbaeva }  t|c}ahvmwkbaeva ok mevan|mfkf fao qemwa|xc gâxmhc tc| xa| ao `cbhqobmekhmøe hqkomvkvmwk fa ok h|akhmøe fmwmek-: } ao n|ke vabk ,Omla|vkf,% Ok ,Hkâfk, ax ao t|mba| fax"khma|vc/ a||c| c ,tabc|ko agahvqkfc ae#tc| ao t|mba| khvc oml|a `mxvø|mhc c apmxvaehmko (t|mba| K%O%T%-: ta|c a||c|ax c ,tahkfcx, ktk|c|mnae#memhmc bmxbc fao qemwa|xc } ao hcxbcx xce g|qvc fa qe khvc oml|a/ wcoqevk|mc } kbc|cxc fa Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|meFmcx ec ta|xceko ec h|ak|âk ta|xcekx hcexhmaevax ,k xq mbknae,: qe Fmcx ec v|memvk|mc ekfk h|ak|âk+%%%: c xa|âk xøoc qe fabbëx c baecx kiaec k xq h|akhmøe/ c qe t|mehmtmc klxv|khvc mbta|xceko } tc| aefa me"xmnemgmhkeva-: } aevcehax/ ae ao c|mna

 t|mehmtmc/ k{qaook kxmbav|âk tcf|âk xa| ao xaooc/ ao |kxnc axv|qhvq|ko t|ctmc fa ok ,omla|vkf,: {qa ,faxtqíx, fa|mwk ae fax"chkcx/ aev|ctâk/ tí|fmfkx/ k"gc|bkomfkfax/ fan|kfkhmceax `khmk oc mega|mc| avh% Kxâ aevaefmfk/ ok kxmbav|âk fao qemwa|xc"hcxbcxapt|axmøe fa qe t|c}ahvc `mxvø|mhc bk|hkfc tc| ok Omla|vkf% Ao ax{qabk cevcoønmhc fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc (Tk|kfcik Bqefbkevmaea ta|c ktk|aha qe gkhvc| eqawc/ fa apt|axmøe `mxvø|mhk (bkva|mko/ gmnq|kvmwk- ta|c {qa `k fa axvk| t|a"wmxvc/ hcevakxqbmfc ae ok Wa|lkomfkf tc|{qa ec ax ao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe t|ctmc fa ok `mxvc|mk/ xmec qe t|mehmtmc |kfmhko (ok Omlvkblmíe |mna ok bavk"`mxvc|mk fao Hcxbcx (,|alaomøe fa ocx Ëenaoax,-/ fa ok hqko {qmyëx xakbcx qe hc"|agoaic t|c}ahvmwc3%%%

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taomn|cxk+-% ³Hqko ax3: ³høbc xa apt|axk3%%% Oc ùemhc ,omla|vk|mc, {qa clxa|wc/ vko {qa ec aphafk ao bk|hc oønmhc fao BTk|kføimhc/ ax ok oâeak t|cn|axmwk fa awaevcx }#c hcexv|qhvcx ,eqawcx, (okx ,ecwafkfax cliavmwkx,-: fa ok hqko ok t|cfqhhmewaehmøe fa ,hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx, `qbkecx ax qe xanbaevc mbtc|vkeva } vko way t|cvknøemhc%Axvc hkblmk } ae|m{qaha axtoíefmfkbaeva ok wmxmøe fa ok |akomfkf#bqefc: } tcf|âk hcexvmvqm| ao gqefkbaevc tk|k ao axvqfqek cevcocnâk/ gaecbaecocnâk } Bcfaoc Mevan|kfc (Tk|kføimhc- bëx t|cgqefk/ hcbtoavk/ c|mnmeko% Mehoqxc laeagmhmk|âk k ok hmgâxmhk tc|{qa cg|aha qek tmxvk meva|axkeva tk|k axvqfmk| ,oønmhk } bkvabëvmhkbaeva, ok vac|âk fao Lmn Lken } xq bcfaoc t|afmko axtahmgmhk| {qa ok kxmbav|âk {qa hk|khva|myk ok ,aptkexmøe, (|akomykhmøe- ec |axtcefa k qek/ xmec k hqkv|c hcefmhmceax9k%" hcefmhmøe ,oanko,9 xce okx oa}ax wa|lko ax (axtm|mvqkoax- fao Wa|lqb Bqefm/ me`a|aevax ko Hc|tqx Bqefm/ k{qaookx {qa ae wahoëxmhk (Ea~vce- c fmeëbmhk (|aokvmwmfkf"bahëemhk hqëevmhk-/ |ahcechae ok tq|ayk klxcoqvk } |kfmhko fa ok oa} gc|bko me`a|aevbkva|mkomfkf } xq `mxvc|mk%

l%" hcefmhmøe ,oml|a,9 ax ao t|mehmtmc fa Omla|vkf {qa fmkocnk hcevmeqk } axtc|ëfmhkbaeva hce ao faxk||cooc c t|chaxc awcoqvm,|akomykhmøe, ae xq oâeak oanko% \axtcexkloa fa k{qaoocx awaevcx hqkomvkvmwcx ,mbtcxmloax, hcbc ocx faecbmek @% K|aefv/ hqkomvkvmwcx {qa chq||ae xme hkqxkomxbc c fava|bmemxbc konqec {qa ocx iqxvmgm{qa/ aptom{qa } em xm{qma|k faxh|mlk (aktk|ahmbmaevc fa ok hcehmaehmk `qbkek ax qe awaevc bq} ecvc|mc/ ta|c vcfcx ocx bcbaevcx fa hcexvmvqhmøe c|nkemykfk lmcoønmhk avh%- vkblmíe xce mbt|awmxmloax/ meaptomhkloax a mbtcxmloax-%h%" kova|khmøe9 ax ao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe } ocx knaevax eankvmwc apva|ecx (ko bqefc-%f%" hqkomgmhkhmøe  ‘ tcvaehmkomykhmøe9 xce okx meva|waehmceax ,ta|xcekoax, fao Wa|lc H|akfc| ae xq h|akhmøe (clwmkbaeva okmbtc|vkeva } v|kxhaefaevko ax ok Aehk|ekhmøe-%Ok hmaehmk ekvq|ko"gâxmhk tcf|âk hcbaeyk| hcexmfa|kefc/ kxâ xak hcbc vaeqa tcxmlmomfkf/ ok tcxmloa hc"apmxvaehmk fa qe ,tk{fa |anokx tk|kføimhkx/ c bavk"oa}ax {qa faxh|mlae axk t|cn|axmøe ae Omla|vkf {qa hcexvkvkbcx ,k xmbtoa wmxvk, hcbc kxmbfax"c|fae/ k"gc|bkomfkf: } ec ba |agma|c k qek axtahma fa ,bkvabëvmhk fao hkcx, tc|{qa ok ,oâeak tcxv } hc"h|akvmwk, e|afqhvmloa k gc|bqomxbcx c konc|mvbcx: ta|c vkbtchc ax fax"c|fae } tc| axc } xmaefc konc {qa ao xa| `qbkec wmwa } t|k

xmabt|a/ `k fa xa| xaevmloa/ mbknmekloa/ taexkloa } "axta|c" gc|bqokloa ta|c ec ae ví|bmecx bahëemhcx/ fava|bmemxhkqxkomxvkx%Xm ok h|akhmøe fmwmek `qlmaxa xmfc qek ,abkekhmøe, c khvc meawmvkloa/ gc|ykfc/ axtahqok| avh%: ao |axqovkfc `kl|âk xmfc qeaxvëvmhc c aptkexmwc ta|c ta|gahvkbaeva xmbív|mhc/ gc|bkomykfc } hcegmnq|kfc klxcoqvkbaeva: qek |akomfkf }k hcexvm(|akomykfk- kiaek k vcfc fmekbmxbc/  tcvaehmkomxbc c  t|c}ahvmxbc+%%%: } ae aook ec vaef|âk hklmfk em xaevmfc qe xa| ,Mbkncoml|a/ h|akvmwc/ wmvko } c|maevkfc ko Kbc|%Bm fqfk |abkeaeva (ktk|va fa okx cv|kx %%%- ax9 ³memhmk ao qemwa|xc gâxmhc ,ta|gahvkbaeva, xmaefc aevcehax ok kxmbav|âk kt|aae ao Lmn Lken xøoc } tq|k apt|axmøe fao t|mehmtmc fa omla|vkf/ c aooc }k axvë hcevkbmekfc (|av|c"t|c}ahvmwkbaeva- tc| axa Gfa Mbta|gahhmøe hkqxkfc tc| ao t|mba| } t|cvcvâtmhc apv|kwâc bc|ko fa ok h|mkvq|k xqta|mc| 3%%% Axvk t|anqevk `k fa vaea| |axtta|c ,`k} {qa `mok| bq} gmec, } taexk| hce apv|abk t|ahmxmøe xme hcegqefm| oc øevmhc hce oc gaecbíemhc (ao  gmkv h|akfc| hn|ke aptocxmøe-% Mehoqxc ae ao tokec gâxmhc hqaxvk t|ahmxk| ae {qí bcbaevc fa ok hcefmhmøe memhmko hcbmaeyk ok ,`mxvc|mk,tcfabcx hceiavq|k| xcl|a ao ec"bcbaevc keva|mc|+%%% (ec gâxmhkbaeva/ ta|c xâ mevan|ko c tk|kføimhkbaeva/ hce qe Bbaic|kfc xa aevmaefa-% C baic|9 ec xa v|kvk fa lqxhk|/ `kook| c mewaevk| bavk"bkvabëvmhkx c `mta|"gø|bqokx {qa faxh|mlke fa ok bavk"gc|bkomfkf (okx ,ecwafkfax, |aokvmwkx c klxcoqvkx fa ok oâeak t|cn|axmwk ae xq hcbtceaeva ,ae omla|vkf, }#h|akvmwc-: xmec "{qmyëx" fa axvqfmk| ok hcefmhmøe fa ok |aokhmøe aev|a okx Oa}ax wa|lko ax me`a|aevax k ok bkva|mkomfkf ae hq||akomykhmøe ,ekvq|ko,/ } ok oâeak oml|a"ecwafcxk% Aooc vkbtchc ax xqxhatvmloa fa ec|bkomykhmøe c ,oankomykhmøe,/ tc|{qa qec xøocx gkhvc|ax hcexmfa|kfcx ax oanko"gc|bko: xmec fa ,hcevabtokhmøe aptahvkeva, } ec faxhk|vc {qa axc vaenk konùe (qe- vmtapt|axmøe bkvabëvmhk% Vko way `knk gkovk ao ktc|va axhok|ahafc| fa qek bavk"hmaehmk {qa ecx fmnk ,høbc h|ak Fmcx oml|abaehøbc ,me}ahvk, omla|vkf k ok ekvq|komfkf fa xq h|akhmøe/ } fahm|oc ec xøoc hce ao hcexklmfc axvmoc tcívmhc fao oaenqkia ktomhkffaxh|mthmøe fa okx hqkomfkfax fao gaeøbaec `qbkec/ xmec konc bqh`c bëx |kfmhko q c|mnmeko% Axva ktc|va falmaxa t|cwaaVacocnâk+%%%(Ao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc ta|bmva fmxhq||m| hce kt|ahmkloa xanq|mfkf aev|a oc øevmhc } oc gaecbíemhc/ ae ta|xtahvmwk mevan|ko:kfabëx t|ctcea konqekx `mtøvaxmx axv|qhvq|koax } axv|qhvq|kevax {qa tcf|âke k}qfk| k axhok|aha| axvcx bmxva|mcx: hcbc ok echHaev|komfkf/ Tqevc Megoapmwc } ae axtahmko ao |co fa ok Mbknae/ mbtc|vkeva cliavmwk } xqliavmwkbaeva tc|{qa fa gkhvc ax ae ao ,haev|a ok haev|komfkf txâ{qmhk } xq a{qmwkoaeva apva|ek"cliavmwk fcefa xa hceh|avmyk axk abtkvâk } kekocnâk aev|a ao taexkbmaev

|akomfkf: k{qaook {qa wkomfk ok cliavmwmfkf |ako"|akomxvk fa ocx hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx-%Hcbaevk|mc tcxva|mc| (6#<440-9@k} qe bcbaevc hqovq|ko"`mxvø|mhc hqkefc ao axtâ|mvq }#c ok hcehmaehmk `qbkek faxhql|a ok oa} fa m||anqok|mfkf"kxmbav|qemwa|xc } fa ok |akomfkf#bqefc/ hcbaeykefc k ta|hmlm| ao taxc ta|vq|lkfc| fa xq kevm"xmnemgmhkehmk9 xqhafa ko fa||qblkbcfaoc kev|ctchaev|mxvk } nachaev|mxvk/ {qa xmvqklk/ taexklk/ mbknmeklk } ,xaevâk, ok Vma||k ae ao haev|c fao xmxvabk xcok|qemwa|xc gâxmhc% Fa kooâ ae kfaokeva vcfc hkblmk } xm lmae ec xa tma|fa ok echmøe hqkomvkvmwk fao gaeøbaec `qbkec "{qa xmnqa x,haev|ko, tc|{qa oc `qbkec hcevmeùk xmaefc ok hqobmekhmøe fao t|c}ahvc awcoqvmwc"h|akvmwc fmwmec c fao ,T|chaxc fa \akomyk(apt|axmøe bkva|mko fa xq t|mehmtmc gc|bko/ øevmhc#axtm|mvqko-/ ko aevaefa|xa {qa ok hcegmnq|khmøe xmbløomhk haev|mxvk }k ecchq||a qek gqa|va axhmxmøe aev|a ao xaevmbmaevc xmblcomykfc } ok faxh|mthmøe gaecbíemhk: k ok tk| fa ok axhmxmøe aev|a ok hvahec"hmaevâgmhk c hmaevmgmhmxvk } ao ,`qbkemxbc, {qa xa ktk|vk|ë t|cn|axmwkbaeva fa aook/ fmwc|hmc fa gqeaxvkx hcexahqaehmkkùe `c} xqg|mbcx/ } {qa ok axtm|mvqkomfkf c|maevko tkoac"|aomnmcxk faxhcecha tc|{qa xa bkevqwc } bkevmaea ae ao tokec bavkgtcívmhc/ xme hcegqefm| ok haev|komfkf hcbc mbknae"xâblcoc hce ok faxh|mthmøe fa ok gâxmhk nacbív|mhk fao qemwa|xc bkva|mko% Eqt|cloabk "}k apvaefmfc ko ,bqefc," ec ax {qa `k}k ,v|mqegkfc, ok ek||kvmwk faxh|mtvmwk fa okx hmaehmkx fa oc ekvq|ko/ xmec {qa

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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xqlxmxva k ok tk| fa ok hcehmaehmk xmnemgmhkhmceko {qa ax mewk|mkloa "hcbc oc xce ocx xâblcocx qemwa|xkoax"% Ae tkokl|kx xmbxklabcx {qa xcbcx ok bëpmbk apt|axmøe awcoqvmwk"hqkomvkvmwk fa ok ,|akomfkf, ({qa `k}k konùe tokeavk hce `qbkecmfax bqh`c bëx mevaomnaevax c mevqmvmwcx c ,kfaokevkfcx, ekfk hkblmk: xa|âk qek apt|axmøe h|cecbív|mhkbaeva kfaokevkfk fabmxbk awcoqhmøe c ,t|c}ahvc h|akvmwc, fmwmec/ qek mbknae kevmhmtkfk fa eqaxv|c gqvq|c/ vko hcbc ocx kembkoax oc xce fa eqtkxkfc+-/ } aooc ec hcehqa|fk hce ao `ah`c fa wmwm| ae qe ta{qaûc tokeavk xmvqkfc ae qe oqnk| hqko{qma|k fa qek fa okx vnkokpmkx qlmhkfkx ec t|ahmxkbaeva ae ao haev|c fao qemwa|xc hc echmfc‧ ] aooc mbtomhk qek hcev|kfmhhmøe aev|a ok hcegmnq|khmø

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7%;%84%14%76%0 %" Omla|vkf } Kbc| (kecvkhmøe tcxva|mc| ;4#;4#<447-9Ok ,Omla|vkf, ax ok hokwa fa ok khhmøe fmwmek/ fa xq h|akhmøe9 ao hcxbcx ' qemwa|xc hqobmekeva ae ao xa| `qbkec tcvaehmko/ k ,mbkxabaikeyk, fao H|akfc|% ] ok hokwa fa ok Omla|vkf ax ao Kbc|9k%" Xme Kbc| ec `k} Omla|vkf9 xa|âk xcokbaeva hkcx/ hcev|kfmhhmøe/ t|c}ahvc apmxvaehmko g|khkxkfc%l%" Xme Omla|vkf ec `k} Kbc|9 xa|âk fava|bmemxbc ta|gahhmcemxvk/ bahkemhmxbc } ae ao gcefc/ moqxmcemxbc%Tc|{qa xme ,kbc|, ok omla|vkf bc|ko ax mbtcvaeva keva ao f|kbk hcegomhvmwc/ faxv|qhvmwc } knøemhc {qa xa faxkvk fa mebafmkvc fqkomfkf kevmeøbmhk aev|a ao Xa| Apmxvaeva klxcoqvc } klxcoqvkbaeva ta|gahvc (hk|mhkvq|k tkxmwk } axvëvmhk fao t|ctmc Fmcxmbtcxmloa hcev|k|mc9 qe c|fae apmxvaeva ,oml|a, fa hqko{qma| gc|bk } gc|bkomfkf c ,oankomfkf wa|lko ,: kova|ekvmwk {qa hceffmxtcxmhmceax keâbmhkx apv|abkx } apv|abmxvkx9 ok xqbmxmøe kl}ahvk fao axhokwc vaba|cxc (c fao aeva fax"kembkfc {qa |aeqehmkgkhqovkfax keâbmhkx- wx% ok |alaofâk m||khmceko (m"oønmhk- {qa t|ahmtmvk `khmk ao mbtcxmloa ,wkhâc } faxcokhmøe, fao me"apmxvaevat|mbmvmwc%] xme ,omla|vkf, ax mbtcxmloa ao ,kbc|, xak øevmhk c gaecbíemhkbaeva: xøoc `kl|âk mexvmevmwmfkf/ t|afaxvmekhmøe gc|ykfk } hkqvmk ok |a"qemøe: mbtcxmloax hce"gqxmceax klxcoqvkx tk|cfmkefc okx hcbqemceax: ae ao gcefc hk|mhkvq|mykhmceax tk|øfmhkx fa ok mb

axtahqok| gmhvmhmk fa ok Qemfkf fa Xa|%Ax qe `ah`c9 ok |akomfkf ax qe t|c}ahvc fmeëbmhc fa tcvaehmkomfkf/ memhmkfc tc| Fmcx h|akfc| ta|xceko qec } v|mec: } aehk|nkfhc"h|akhmøe } t|c"h|akhmøe mewaevmwk fao xa| `qbkec: `mxvc|mk t|cn|axmwk `khmk k||mlk } `khmk faokeva: `mxvc|mk ecwafcxk {qa fmtc| ok fcloa a mevan|kfk xaefk fa ok Omla|vkf } ao Kbc|/ `khmk ok Bavk v|kexgc|bkeva } v|kxhaefaeva% Tk|k aooc hcevkbcx ht|axaehmk khvmwk fao Axtâ|mvq fao Wa|lc {qa kxqbmø eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe } ae aook xa bkevmaea/ hcbc [qmae ax } hcbc |hcexmxvaeva fa ok Mbknae fao Tkf|a% Emenqek gc|bk hqovq|ko/ mfacoønmhk/ tcoâvmhk c |aomnmcxk {qa mbtmfk/ `cxvmnqa c fmgmhqaia|hmhmc toaec fa ok Omla|vkf/ ao Kbc| } ao bcwmbmaevc `khmk ok v|kxhaefaehmk/ vmaea xaevmfc em wkomfay% Xa|í bëx hok|c9 hqk|aomnmøe c |aomnmcxmfkf {qa ec |axtava/ kwkoa } t|cbqawk ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko } ao Kbc| (} ao v|ëexmvc oml|a } kbc|cxc `khmk ok Bavfa |awmxk| hqmfkfcxkbaeva xqx tcxvqokfcx %%% ] `kloc fa ok omla|vkf } kbc| ,|ako,/ |akomykeva/ wkoc|ax xqt|abcx } khhmceaxkxqbmfkx } t|khvmhkfkx tc| ao mefmwmfqc }cmhc |ako } cliavmwc: tc| ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva |ako {qa ke`aok } lqxhk ok gqaeva/ c|mgme fa xq apmxvaehmkomfkf tcvaehmko: faxfa ao mefmwmfqc tk|vmhqok| `kxvk ok `qbkemfkf vcfk/ tkxkefc tc| ok híoqok mevan|ko c|nkemykhmøe } bkemgaxvkhmøe `mxvø|mhk fa oc `qbkec9 ok gkbmomk lkxkfk } hcexvmvqmfk ae#tc| ok qemfkf h|akvmwk fao tk| t|mbmn`cbl|a ' bqia|%

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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%S,%%% ko mnqko {qa ok wmfk fao `cbl|a/ ok omla|vkf aehqaev|k xq xaevmfc ae ao kbc| %%% %%% ³[qmíe ax ao bëx oml|a3/ ³{qmae xa k`c||k vcfkx xqx tcxmlmomfkfax tc| b ta|fa|okx c {qmae xa aev|ank ,fahmfmfkbaeva, ko xa|wmhmc } fa axva bcfc xa faxhql|a ooaec fa wmfk tc| ao kbc| {qa `k aev|ankfc } |ahmlmfc3 %%% Wmwm| xanùe ao ,ax faik| {qa okx mevaehmceax } cl|kx xake nqmkfkx tc| ao kbc| fa Fmcx/ {qa H|mxvc ecx `k fkfc %%% %%%,Ok omla|vkf h|mxvmkek %%% ax xanqmbmaevc fa H|mxvc ae ao fc`kxvk ao xkh|mgmhmc fa ok h|qy% Tqafa tk|aha| qek tk|kfcik/ ta|c ao Xaûc| wmwmø ok hqbl|a fa xq omla|vkf ae ok h|qy/ hcbc hqbl|a fao kbc| %%%,%S Laeafmhvc PWM ;#>#

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mehc||ahvk-% ] axva fmëocnc ax ao bcfc hcbc xa t|khvmhk ok omla|vkf bc|ko: ae qe f|kbk qemwa|xko } høxbmhc {qa wmehqok (} k hcev|ktcea- okx ,oa}ax wa|lko ax, (tq|kx/ klxcoqvkx } qeâwchkx- hce ok apmxvaehmkomfkf bkva|mko (aooc ax xmbmok| k ok vaexmøe aebcwmbmaevc aomtxcmfa fao tokeavk } ok ,oa} aomtxa,-% C xak9 fahm| {qa ao lqae qxc fa ok omla|vkf hcexmxva ae ctvk| tc| ok ,ùemhk xchc||ahvk,/ ae hcev|k fa okx meva|bmekloax tcxmlmomfkfax"vaevkhmceax fa a{qmwchkhmøe/ ax wa|fkfa|c (hcbc oc ax kgm|bk| {qa ok xcoqhmøe apkhvk k ok t|anqevk9 ³hqëevc ax <*<,/ ax ,6,/ `klmaefc megmemvkx |axtqaxvkx a{qmwchkfkx txaqfc"tcxmloax-: ta|c hcegxcl|abkea|k xm ec oc aevaefabcx ae ta|xtahvmwk tk|kføimhk/ hcbc oc {qa ax9 qek |aokhmøe f|kbëvmhk aev|a ok klxcoqvay øevmhfmeëbmhk bëx c baecx ta|vq|lkfk } fax"c|faekfk fa oc apmxvaehmko c mebkeaeva% Axvk ta|xtahvmwk ax fmeëbmhk/ f|kbët|cn|axmwk"tcvaehmko: } kxqbm|oc kxâ (mevan|kobaeva- awmvk|âk hka| ae ok eaq|cxmx bc|komxvk/ axa ta|gahhmcemxbc {qa fa hceg|cevk| eqaxv|cx hkxm hcevmeqcx faxkhma|vcx hce okx cthmceax ,ta|gahvkx,/ va|bmek fax"kembëefcecx/ hqotklmomyëegkvkoâxvmhkbaeva } k wahax/ mefqhm|ecx k ctvk| tc| ao ,bko,/ hkexkfcx fa vkevk } ktk|aevabaeva meg|qhvqcxk oqh`k hcev|k aoochc||aokvc {qa tk|aha mnqkobaeva mbtcxmloa9 ok  ta|gahhmøe ta|gahvk+-% Iaxùx ecx mewmvk k xa| ,ta|gahvcx"xkevcx,/ } hcbc (hkxm- xmaaexaûke ocx tafkncncx/ aooc mbtomhk kxqbm| eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe hce xqx ombmvkhmceax } hk|nkx/ } faxfa aookx |abcevk| `khmk oc

`khmk ok gqaeva/ } `kha|oc xmnqmaefc qe Hkbmec fa axgqa|yc/ xkh|mgmhmc/ kbc| } h|akvmwmfkf: konc lkxvkeva fmga|aeva k ok clxhcbtqoxmwk {qa tc| vabc| ko a||c| va|bmek |aeqehmkefc k wmwm|/ khvqk|/ apmxvm| %%% @kha| oc {qa xa tqafa hce toaek omla|vkf/ wco} kbc|% Xm oc `khabcx/ oc {qa gkovk oc t|cwaa ok n|khmk fmwmek%""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%16 OMLA\VKF ' WCOQEVKF9@c} (<4#;<#<447-/ mlk v|ke{qmokbaeva xaevkfc ae qe kqvclùx hqkefc |ahc|fí qek vk|ak taefmaeva } xq fmoabk kxchmkfc9 `khec/ fahmfm| ae qe xaevmfc c ae cv|c: } aevcehax taexí ae ao xabtmva|ec bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko } axtahmkobaeva/ mnqkobaeva bmxva|mcxc kxqevc fa ok ,wcoqevkf,/ } ko taexk| qek way bëx ae ,{qí ax ok wcoqevkf,/ xa ba chq||mø konc {qa kecmebafmkvc ae qe tafkyc fa tktao9 wcoqevkf ax khhmøe faxwmehqokfk fao Xmxvabk Beíxmhc+++% Ba aptomhc9 clwmkbaeva ec mfaevmwcoqevkf hce ao axvkfc fa kbeaxmk em hce axvkfcx h|atqxhqok|ax %%%/ ta|c t|axmaevc {qa ax qe khvc } khhmøe txâ{qmhk {qa |a{fmh`k faxwmehqokhmøe/ } tc| qek |kyøe bq} xmbtoa9 xm ao Xmxvabk Beíxmhc meva|wmaea hce xqx mehaxkevax v|kbkx hcegomhvmwkx/ hceiqxql hceiqevcx } hcbtoaicx fa kxchmkhmceax xmnemgmhkhmcekoax beíxmhkx } |axtahvmwkx kova|khmceax/ aooc hcefmhmcek|âk bahëemhfava|bmeâxvmhkbaeva ao aia|hmhmc fa ok wcoqevkf/ c axk mbtc|vkevâxmbk hqkomfkf/ t|ctmafkf } fce txâ{qmhc c txmhc"bc|ko

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hcbc qe fce/ kv|mlqvc/ hqkomfkf }#c t|ctmafkf gc|bko } cta|kvmwk fao kobk axtm|mvqko: ta|c axk fagmemhmøe hka ae qe va||aecealqocxc/ gqbcxc/ gkevkxbknø|mhc: tc|{qa ok g|khvq|k c axhmxmøe aev|a ok hmaehmk gâxmhk } bavkgâxmhk/ memhmkfk `kha bëx fa 8 xmnocec mexmeùk qe t|mehmtmc fa xkekhmøe } ao bqefc hqovq|ko khvqko axvë klqefkevabaeva fcbmekfc tc| ao eac"tcxmvmwmxbc/ } ae wem xm{qma|k xa bcoaxvk }k ae fmkocnk| k |alkvm| hce xqx kevkncemxvkx ekvq|koax/ ocx mfakomxvkx tq|cx: xmevmíefcxa xcla|lmkbktc}kfc tc| ok hmaehmk/ ok vahecocnâk/ ao t|cn|axc %%% Ta|c xm ok Wcoqevkf/ {qa ax ao bahkemxbc txâ{qmhc {qa ,khhmcehcbtc|vkbmaevc apmxvaehmko } axaehmko {qa aia|hmvk ok omla|vkf bc|ko/ ax konc ,|ako,/ `k fa xa| konc: konc vke t|ahmxc } hcexmxhcbc ao bahkemxbc fa qe |aoci c fa qe bcvc|% Fmnc bko9 `k fa xa|/ ,xa|,+%%%/ } tc| ta|vaeaha| ko ëblmvc keâbmhc c axtm|mvqko q øfala xa| } bkemgaxvk|xa hcbc konc bëx t|ahmxc {qa qe bcvc|/ axaehmkobaeva bëx t|ahmxc } hcexmxvaeva {qa qe xmxvabk bkkqe{qa ec tcfkbcx ,wa|oc, bkva|mkobaeva } tc| aefa ec tcfkbcx faxh|mlm|oc/ kqe{qa xâ ,aptomhk|oc,% Tk|k aooc falabcx |ahqqek bcfkomfkf tahqomk| fao oaenqkia: hqko{qma|k {qa xatk kt|cwah`k| ok xabëevmhk mevan|kfc|k fa ocx xâblcocx/ xak ae vce

tcívmhk c oønmhk (axvmbc xme gkoxk bcfaxvmk `kla| ocn|kfc qe oawa kwkeha ae vko xaevmfc/ hce ocx n|ëgmhcx hcehatvqkoax fao hktcf|ë fahm| konc ko |axtahvc/ ko |axtahvc fa axa konc%K`c|k lmae9 ³hqëo khvmwmfkf txâ{qmhk c txmhc"keâbmhk (,xqta|mc|,- tcf|âk aiahqvk|xa xme mewcoqh|k| k ok babc|mk } xme |a{qaxâevaxmx abchmceko  t|ctmk fa ocx Xmnemgmhkfcx keëocnc#|agoaicx (xme mewcoqh|k|xa ,abchmcekobaeva, hce ok wmwaehmk ae hq|xc-fa|mwk| ae ok aoklc|khmøe fa qe hcexv|qhvc txâ{qmhc3%%% Tc|{qa9k%" Xm meva|wmaea ao Xmxvabk Beíxmhc/ ao Khvc Wcoqevk|mc Tq|c faik fa xa| vko } xa |afqha k qe awaevc abchmceko"kgahvmwc a `mxvbëx/ oc hqko mbtafm|âk {qa xm|wmaxa tq|kbaeva ko K%O%T% (khvc oml|a t|mbk|mc-/ axaehmko tk|k ao aia|hmhmc hklko fa ok Omla|vkf BHqkefc bqh`c } ae hkxc fa mefataefmyk|xa oc xqgmhmaeva fao kevahafaeva beíxmhc faxh|mtvmwc (|agoaic-/ tcf|âk khqfm| ko kevahahcegomhvmwc (t|a"vapvcx mbtcxmloax- } va|bmek| tk|vmhmtkefc ae ok bkva|mkomykhmøe fa qek gkevkxâk mbknmekvmwk/ oc hqko ta|vaeahmaefc ko ëblmvc fa ocx kqvcbkvmxbcx/ xme mbtomhk| ao khvc fa ok omla|vkf"wcoqevkf ({qa xâ |a"ktk|aha ae ok axvkapmxvaehmkomfkf fao }c mev|kceâ|mhc-%l%" Xm meva|wmaea ok Xâevaxmx Abchmceko c xm ao khvc wcoqevk|mc xa aev|cbava ae#hce aook/ íxva {qafk kgahvkfc c hcbt|cbavmfc

wmwaehmk ae hq|xc/ } vkblmíe tma|fa axk  tq|ayk% \ahqí|faxa oc fmh`c ae hcbaevk|mcx keva|mc|ax xcl|a ao khvc tq|c c |kfmomla|vkf bc|ko/ ae xq klxcoqvay øevmhk/ tk|k {qa xa aevmaefk tc|{qí oc faxwmehqoc fa ok wmwaehmk/ c fa ok gaecbíemhk wmwakqe{qa xak ae } tc| íxvk {qa xa bkemgmaxvk } |akomyk% Ax } axvë ae } tc| aook/ ta|c ec ax tk|va fa xq hcexmxvaehmk t|ctmk tc|{qxa|oc hka|âkbcx ae ok bmkxbk fa hcefmhmcekbmaevcx } fava|bmemxbcx |akoax c ktk|aevax/ {qa xcgchke } kem{qmoke vcfk tcxmlmomf|ahcecha| qe awaevc } khvc fa omla|vkf"wcoqevkf tq|k% Axvc ec ax mfakomxbc em klxv|khhmcemxbc em axtm|mvqkomxbc/ xmec  gqehmcebahëemhk tq|k+%%%/ tc|{qa ba axvc} |agm|maefc ko bahkemxbc meva|ec fao kobk {qa hcbc fmia/ `k fa xa| konc vke t|ahhcexmxvaeva/ fa `ah`c klxcoqvkbaeva bëx t|ahmxc } hcexmxvaeva {qa hqko{qma| xmxvabk ' fmxtcxmvmwc/ ktk|kvc c gaeøbaec bkgâxmhc% Tk|k awmvk| hcegqxmceax fqkomxvkx/ |ahqí|faxa } tmíexaxa ae ok oønmhk mevan|ko fao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc9 axa khvc wcoqevk|mc t,ae xâ, ec ax qek mxok faev|c fa ok hcevmeqmfkf gaecbíemhk/ xmec konc t|ctmc } hcexmxvaeva {qa xa apt|axk ae/ hce } tc| aook/ oqh`tc| hma|vc hce ao   gkhvc| fa mbta|gahhmøe } hcev|k ocx megoqicx fa ocx knaevax cxhq|cx (okx ,vaevkhmceax,- {qa hce"haev|ke knøhcegqxmcek|mkbaeva xqx axgqa|ycx t|ahmxkbaeva ae axva |afqhvc haev|ko fao txm{qmxbc `qbkec/ mevaevkefc ta|wa|vm|oc c|maevk|oc `khmk cv|cx gmeax kiaecx }#c hcev|k|mcx k ok tcvaehmkomfkf fmwmek fao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva%h%" Xm ax tk|va fa qe hcexv|qhvc txâ{qmhc/ xak qe bcfaoc vaø|mhc c qek gkevkxâk mbknmekvmwk/ xa|ë qe aoabaevc bëx fa qe |ao`mxvc|mk |aga|mfk#|aga|aeva/ } baecx kùe tcf|ë xa|wm| eaqv|k } klxv|khvkbaeva (ax qe fahm|- k ok t|kpmx fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko: tgqehmceko k fmh`c |aokvc {qa ax qek cl|k hcexvmvqmfk } hcbc vko |anmfk tc| axa hceiqevc fa oa}ax {qa hcexvmvq}ae hqkogaeøbaec }#c aevmfkf tk|kføimhk/ hqkxm"tk|kføimhk/ txaqfc"tk|kføimhk c tk|k"tk|kføimhk% Ao khvc wcoqevk|mc tq|c tcf|ë xqhafok |aokhmøe aev|a ao }c ae konqek fa xqx bcfkomfkfax apmxvaehmkoax meva|ekomykfkx c apva|ekomykfkx/ ta|c aooc xa|ë tk|va fa ok wmw}cmhk |axtahvmwk/ ec fao |aokvc {qa ok k"hcefmhmcek%Kxâ/ wkbcx t|ahmxkefc/ fahkevkefc } kmxokefc n|kfqkobaeva axc {qa tcf|âk xa| ao khvc/ khhmøe c khvmvqf wcoqevk|mk/ t|ahmvkblmíe xq gqehmcekomfkf txâ{qmhk/ tk|k mevaevk| wmxqkomyk| c taexk| xq qlmhkhmøe#hcefmhmøe faev|c fao txm{qmxbc } kxâ hcbaeaev|awa| } aevaefa| ao {qmf fao bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf (Bc|ko- } ok wcoqevkf txmhc"bc|ko {qa ae hma|vk gc|bk kfktvk ao txm{qapmxvaehmko c |aokhmceko k xq t|kpmx c aia|hmhmc%"""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%1= TOKEMGMHKHMØE FMWMEK, ] OMLA\VKF9Oc kevax hcbaevkfc } |kycekfc xcl|a ok mevaomnaehmk fmwmek {qa hcexmfa|k vcfkx okx tcxmlmomfkfax/ cthmceax/ hcblmekhm

kova|ekvmwkx/ k agahvcx fa ,ahcecbmyk|, ko bëpmbc ok meva|waehmøe c okx meva|waehmceax hc||ahvmwkx/ mefmhkvmwkx/ |atk|kf,tqemvmwkx, (tq|mgmhkfc|kx-/ c ok Ahcecbâk fa ok Xkowkhmøe {qa falmaxa xa| ok vøemhk ec|bko fa ok T|cwmfaehmk Fmwmek: `k faevaefmfc xmabt|a hcbc qe fmëocnc h|akvmwc/ qek khhmøe aebk|hkfk ae ao axtoíefmfc } ,fava|bmekeva, bk|hc fa axk ktkmefava|bmekhmøe c ,oønmhk xqta|mc|, fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko } ok H|akvmwmfkf Fmwmek {qa ecx ax hcehaxmcekfk hcbc t|c"h|akvmwmfkfh|akvmwmfkf/ Hc"h|akvmwmfkf } \a"h|akvmwmfkf xa|âk ok v|mecbâk `qbkek {qa |agoaik } t|khvmhk ok hce"haxmøe fmwmek/ axk hqkomfkecx hk|khva|myk tc| xa| Mbknc Fam tk|vmhqok| } keëocnc"|agoaik: hq}k apt|axmøe apmxvaehmko xa kt|ahmk hcbc t|c"h|akvmwmfkf a mewaomla|vkf } kbc|: v|mecbâk xqta|okvmwk t|ctmk fa ocx xa|ax wmwmaevax/ t|ctmk fa ok wmfk {qa vmaefa k ok Wmfk% Xm cowmfkbcx xm{qmamexvkeva ao mbta|kvmwc klma|vc fa ok omla|vkf"h|akvmwmfkf/ |a"hkabcx gëhmobaeva c |av|chafabcx k ax{qabkvmykhmceax tk|kefava|bmemxvkx/ t|afaxvmekhmcemxvkx bko aevaefmfkx (hcbc bahkemxbc hmanc/ mbtokhkloa/ hcev|k ao hqko ok omla|vkf bc|kh|akvmwmfkf xce ùemhkbaeva moqxmceax/ kqvc"aenkûcx c hqkefc bqh`c iqancx xahqefk|mcx-% Mexmxvc9 axtahmkobaeva ae ao hfchv|meko hkvøomhc `kha gkovk qek |aecwkfk a mextm|kfk |agoapmøe xcl|a ok hcexmxvaehmk/ bknemgmhaehmk } xmnemgmhkehmk fa ok Omla|vkH|akvmwmfkf: hqaxvmøe axaehmkoâxmbk {qa bk|hk oc {qa falmaxa xa| ok axtahmgmhmfkf khvmwk fa ocx t|a"wmwmaevax c apmxvahceiqevkbaeva hce ao mbta|kvmwc klxcoqvc } vcvkomykeva fao Kbc|"Wmfk% Tc|{qa axk kgahhmøe/ fmxvc|xmøe } ta|wa|xmøe txâ{qmh

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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me`mla ok wmvkomfkf ae qe bk| hcenaokfc fa fava|bmemxbcx/ bahkemhmxbcx } t|afaxvmekhmcemxbcx/ ktk|aha } |akthcevmeqkbaeva ae vcfkx okx fchv|mekx/ mehoqxc okx bëx hcev|ktqaxvkx (ao bahkemhmxbc bkva|mkomxvk } ao t|afaxvmekhmcemxbc txh|mxvmkec xce tk|maevax ha|hkecx-% ]k kevax `a hcbaevkfc okx bkokx c mexqgmhmaevax meva|t|avkhmceax fao t|mehmtmc fa Omla|Omla|vkf Bc|ko ae ao ëblmvc hkvøomhc/ {qa k baeqfc tk|ahma|ke {qa|a| `kha|ecx h|aa| {qa xøoc xcbcx oml|ax fa ec a{qmwchk|efa aia|ha| ok omla|vkf ae qe ùemhc khvc"khhmøe/ hcexmxvaeva ae |aeqehmk| k aook %%%Vko way `abcx axvqfmkfc ao vabk xøoc faxfa ok ta|xtahvmwk mebkeaeva/ xøoc faxfa oc t|cgqefc fa ok kl}ahhmøe c ok fagahvqcxmftc| aefa va|bmekbcx mbknmekefc ao ,bko, hcbc agahvc ec fao qxc a{qmwchkfc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko/ xmec fa ok omla|vkf bmxbk (

  gqíxabcx oml|ax,/ ec tcf|âkbcx a{qmwchk|ecx/ ec tcf|âkbcx tahk|/ ec `kl|âk xqhafmfc ok ,hkâfk, avh%, %%%-% Ao |kycekbmebkeaeva/ ,va||aeko, }#c gaecbaecocnmhmxvk a|k } xmnqa xmaefc xmbtoa/ hcevqefaeva } % %% ‧ } hcegqxmcek|mc9 ok omla|vkf kqvíe

,lqaek, ec tqafa } ec fala xa| ok m||axv|mhvk hktkhmfkf fa `kha| hqko{qma| hcxk,/ tc|{qa aooc mewkomfk|âk ok fmxvmehmøe aev|a ao

ao bko: tc| oc vkevc `k fa xa| ok tcxmlmomfkf fa ctvk| aev|a ao lmae } ao bko %%% ³Ax axc apkhvkbaeva3%%%/ ae tk|va/ xøoc ae tk|va/ taevaefmíefcoc kxâ xa va|bmek xqtcemaefc {qa ok omla|vkf ax tchc baecx {qa qek v|kbtk gkvâfmhk/ {qa hkqxk bqh`c bëx bklmae+ (ok |axtqaxvk apkhvk k hqkevc ax <*< ax ,6,/ qek xcok tcxmlmomfkf fa kha|vk| hcev|k megmemvkx cthmceax fa a||c| %%%-% Ae aapv|abc axvklke k ocx bahkemhmxvkx ae bùovmtoax wk|mkevax } wa|xmceax/ {qa emanke vcfc kvmxlc fa omla|vkf xak ae oc gmxmcoønmlmcoønmhc/ oc awcoqvmwc/ oc xchmko/ oc `mxvø|mhc avh% (} vkblmíe xa hcev|kfmhae%%/ tqaxvc {qa hcev|kfmhae ok omla|vkf {qa vqwma|cefahm|oc-: } bëx |ahmaevabaeva xq|nmø axa h`mxva fa bq} bko nqxvc {qa ax ao |aokvmwmxbc bc|ko {qa mevaevk cg|aha| xq thk|mhkvq|k } tk|cfmk fa ok omla|vkf/ axvkloahmaefc hcbc fcnbk xqt|abc ok mewkomfay fa hqko{qma| fcnbk/ oa} c t|mehmtmc %%%Konqecx xa kv|awae k taexk| oc xmnqmaeva9 xm ok omla|vkf bc|ko ax konc bëx {qa ok |aeqehmk ko a||c| (oc hqko fagmea ok ,xkevmfkf, axa mbtcxmloa tk|kfmnbk fa  ta|gahhmøe ta|gahvkbaeva klxcoqvk {qa ok Mnoaxmk mevaevk faxbmvmgmhk|-/ {qmyëx `k}k bëx fa qek c,lqaek, ae hkfk kova|ekvmwk bc|ko {qa aeg|aevk ao `cbl|a apmxvaeva% Axvk tcxmlmomfkf vaef|âk hma|vk wkomfay xm awmvkbcx ok |ahkao klxq|fâxmbc |aokvmwmxbc/ } oc aevaefabcx ae hokwa t|c/ hc } |a"h|akvmwk% Tc|{qa xm ok apmxvaehmk } khhmøe `qbkek xa faxaewqaqe hkbtc fa tcxmlmomfkfax t|a"fava|bmekfc } ombmvkfc "hqko vkloa|c fa kiaf|ay"/ aevcehax } xak hqko xak ok hm|hqexvkehmk/ hcefm

khvmvqf/ xmabt|a `kl|ë qek } xøoc qek xcoqhmøe#cthmøe ta|gahvk c ok bëx hcewaemaeva/ } ok omla|vkf xa ombmvk|ë k aehcev|k|ok c `k{qa bëx xa oa tk|ayhk %%% Axvc hcbtokha ko txm{qmxbc kgahvmwc fa {qmaeax me`mlae/ |av|kae c hcenaoke tc| vabc|/ ta|ta|vq|lkhmceax#hcefmhmcekbmaevcx wk|mcx xq ,wmvkomfkf, (ok ,oâlmfc, fa ocx txmhcocnmxvkx hoëxmhcx-: hcefmhmøe } fmxtcxmhmøe txmhc"hkqxkeva fa ocx bahkemhmxbcx } t|afaxvmekhmcemxbcx: ta|c xm aevaefabcx/ xaevmbcx a mbknmekbcx ok |akomfkf#bqefc apvaapva|mc| k ecxcv|cx (cliavmwk } xqliavmwk- hqko t|chaxc ae hq|xc fa |akomykhmøe } g|qvc fa ok Tkokl|k H|akfc|k fao Wa|lc Fmwmehcbt|aefabcx {qa fmh`k `mxvc|mk vmaea qe gme#gmeko#gmekomfkf bc|ko fagmemfc tc| mewmvkhmøe9 ok bavk v|kxhaefaeva: ta|c|akomykhmøe hcexmxva ae toaemgmhk| ok bkva|mkomykhmøe fao   gkhvc| wa|lko (fa xq agahvc h|akfc|- bafmkeva qe v|klkic t|c"h|akvmwh|akvmwc } |a"h|akvmwc fa hcegmnq|khmøe: aooc t|ahmxk qek xqvmo ta|c mbtc|vkeva fmxvmehmøe aev|a ok klxcoqvay qeâwchk fao Xmnemg(bc|ko- fa ok Bavk/ } ok omla|vkf h|akvmwk#mewaevmwk fao v|klkic fa hcegmnq|khmøe eahaxk|mc tk|k hcbtoavk| fmh`c t|chaxc: kon|ahcecyhc hcbc wa|fkf ta|c {qa ec xkl|âk aptomhk| (n|ke bmxva|mc+-% Tc| axc xmabt|a fmnc {qa ao gme(gmeko#gmekomfkf fa ok `mxvcax ao |avc|ec ko tkxkfc mfâomhc#tk|kfmxâkhc xmec ok hcexv|qhhmøe fa ok Eqawk Ia|qxkoíe/ v|klkic hceiqevc {qa ao t|ctmc Waehk|ekfc xa aehk|nø fa memhmk| ,ta|xcekobaeva,/ Ío bmxbc hceiqevkbaeva hce xq ,tqaloc,/ ok Mnoaxmk fa ocx Xkevcx,/ ok hcbqbaxmëemhk c Hqa|tc Bâxvmhc ko hqko vcfcx axvëe mewmvkfcx/ n|kvqmvk } qemwa|xkobaeva% Faxfa ao ,tk|kâxc va||aeko, k ok ,hmqfkf xkqek t|cn|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk/ h|akvmwk a mewaevmwk% Hcbc fmia/ mnec|c ok aptomhkhmøe fao bmxva|mc ta|c kfwma|vc {qa ax qe toke }tcxmlmomfkf axvqtaefk/ meh|aâloabaeva bk|kwmoocxk/ gkevëxvmhkbaeva c|mnmeko } h|akvmwk%

Ecvk ;9 fq|keva ao faxk||cooc fa okx `mtøvaxmx {qa fagmeae ao Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc/ xq|nmø qek mfak hcokva|ko9 ok hqkomfkf fa ,ecwacliavmwkx, "|axtahvc k ok Vapvq|k \ako fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc" {qa hk|khva|myk konqecx c (hkxm- vcfcx ocx hcexv|qhvcx txâ{qmhcx% Axøoc qe favkooa fa axk t|cfqhvmwmfkf"mewaevmwk t|ctmk fa ok t|c } hc"h|akvmwmfkf `qbkek/ ta|c xm|wa tk|k moqxv|k| } axtahmgmhk| qocx bahkemxbcx t|ctmcx fa ok `mxvc|mk ae xaevmfc h|akvmwc } ecwafcxc%Ecvk <9 ao bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko fa ocx `qbkecx ax qek t|cocenkhmøe ' ktomhkhmøe fao bmxva|mc fa ok wcoqevkf fmwmek/khhmøe oml|a/ wcoqevk|mk/ mevaehmceko/ ta|xceko/ h|akvmwk } kbc|cxk fa Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec: } ec `k fa apv|kûk| {qa falmfv|kxhaefaevko mbtc|vkehmk xak v|kvkfc ,xmabt|a, tc| taexkfc|ax } k|vmxvkx: fm|ahvk c vkenaehmkobaeva hcbc tc| ai% `kha^aefa|x ae xq gmob ,Okx kokx fao faxac, (} ae ok wa|xmøe `coo}~ccfaexa fcefa E% Hkna xqxvmvq}a k L% Nkey-/ hq}c vabk aptoâhmvcv|kx"tkxc wcoqevk|mc fa konqecx ëenaoax ko axvkfc hk|eko#va||aeko/ faxacxcx fa hcecha| ao taxc/ vapvq|kx/ coc|ax } ocx xklc|ax

bkva|mkomfkf (hkexkfcx fa okx ktk|aevabaeva klq||mfkx klxv|khhmceax fao axvkfc axtm|mvqko% Eøvaxa {qa ao ùemhc xaevmfc ta|ha{qa hcbtk|vae hce ok gmxmhmfkf ax ok kqfmhmøe/ oc {qa hc||ahvkbaeva mexmeùk ok klxcoqvay fa ok Tkokl|k } xqx ahcx/ bùxmhk mehoqmfhma|vc-% Ko bk|nae fao k|nqbaevc aptoâhmvc {qa mewma|va oc {qa xa|âk ok wa|fkf fa oc xqhafmfc (ëenaoax hkâfcx k||cikfcx k ok vmhcefaekfcx k xqg|m| ok hcev|kfmhhmøe fao hkqvmwa|mc bkva|mko fa qe aeva axtm|mvqko-/ ao vabk fmxhq||a xcl|a ao n|ke bmxva|mc|aokhmøe } wmehqokhmceax axv|qhvq|koax aev|a ao c|fae bavkgâxmhc } gâxmhc%""""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%76 @MXVC\MK FAO HCEHATVC FA ,OMLA\VKF, } CV\KX \AGOAPMCEAX (OMLA\VKF PM-9Vaeâk ok axta|keyk fa `kla| va|bmekfc hce okx xâevaxmx gmocxøgmhkx/ ok xah|avk axta|keyk fa ec wcowa| k kl|m| ocx xqxvkehmcwcoqbmecxcx vcbcx fao ,Fmhhmcek|mc gmocxøgmhc, fa I% Ga||kva| Bc|k: tc|{qa tk|k |axqbm| } hcbtk|k| h|âvmhkbaeva oc |axqbmfc h`mtøvaxmx fa axva aexk}c/ vaenc {qa `kha| qe axgqa|yc ,baevko, ' ,abchmceko, bq} hkexkfc| } tk|k ekfk tokhaeva|c+%%%/ fkfaxva kqvc| hcefaexk ae l|awax të||kgcx v|ax bmo c bëx kûcx fa `mxvc|mk hqovq|ko fa hkfk wchkloc v|kvkfc: } oc `kha hce vkevc khgqa|yk } faexmfkf {qa tc| bq} ,omwmkec, {qa xak ao hcbaevk|mc xqlxahqaeva/ clomnk k apv|abk| ok hcehaev|khmøe tk|k tcfa| aevt|mba|c/ } ,fahm| konc, faxtqíx/ xme cowmfk| tc| hma|vc ao xmabt|a t|axaeva taomn|c fa aehcev|k| megc|bkhmøe {qa ,ba `knk f

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xcl|a bmx t|ctmkx kgm|bkhmceax (`kxvk k`c|k ec `k xqhafmfc/ ko hcev|k|mc+: aphatvc ao `kla| faxhqlma|vc ae @anao konqekx xmbmohce ok vaxmx fao B%T% } xq echmøe fa ok ,bkva|mkomfkf hcbc apt|axmøe fa ok axtm|mvqkomfkf,: t|mehmtmc mevan|ko a mevan|kfc| {qahcefaexke ocx khvqkoax vaøocncx hce axvk kgm|bkhmøe9 ,ao `cbl|a ec vmaea qe hqa|tc/ ,ax hqa|tc, -% Ta|c hcewmaea `kha|oc %%%/ t`a fafmhkfc fabkxmkfcx hcbaevk|mcx ko vabk ,Omla|vkf, } qe lqae |atkxc k ok `mxvc|mk `khâk gkovk% [qmyëx falâ `kha|oc bqh`c } tcf|âk ,hcochk|, c |av|cv|ka| axvcx të||kgcx ae konùe hktâvqoc keva|mc|/ ta|c xa|âk gkoxak| xq `mxvc|mk% Aevcehax9Ecvk ;9 ae hq|xmwk okx hmvkx vapvqkoax/ hkxm xmabt|a ko vapvc fa Ga||kva| Bc|k } chkxmcekobaeva k ocx kqvc|ax tc| ío hmomva|kobaeva%Ecvk <9 Icxí Ga||kva| Bc|k (;=;<  ‘ ;==;- ax qe t|coâgmhc gmoøxcgc (}#c t|cgaxc| fa gmocxcgâk- hkvkoëe {qa aev|a xqx bqh`cx faxvkhk axva ,Fmhhmcek|mc fa Gmocxcgâk,/ tqlomhkfc ae 7 afmhmceax#wa|xmceax xqhaxmwkx/ faxfa ;=6; `kxvk ;=>=/ ok ùovmbk wcoùbaeax% Ok {qa }c hmvc/ kf{qm|mfk ae ;=00/ ax fa ;=71 } hcexvk fa fcx wcoùbaeax%

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7%;%84%76%; ,Omla|vkf,9Ao hcehatvc fa ,omla|vkf, xa |aokhmcek mev|âexahkbaeva hce ví|bmecx hcbc kolaf|âc/ kqvcecbâk/ lqaek wcoqevkf/ wcoqhcehmaehmk bc|ko/ fala|/ fava|bmemxbc/ mefava|bmemxbc/ faxvmec/ mefmga|aehmk } cv|cx%: `kloëefcxa tc| ai% fa omla|vkf ae hkqvcfava|bmekhmøe/ tcxmlmomfkf fa aoahhmøe/ kqxaehmk fa meva|ga|aehmk avh% Ao wchkloc okvmec , omla|v ,/ xmnemgmhø (xanùe Ceâkx- ,tat|ch|akvmwkbaeva khvmwk,/ ao icwae {qa |ahmlâk ok vcnk wm|momx c vcnk omla|k% Aooc oc fmga|aehmklk fa ocx axhokwcx/ aevaefmíefcx

axvklk ,oml|a tk|k `kha| konc,/ kqe{qa hce okx |axv|mhhmceax fa|mwkfkx xcl|avcfc fa ok |axtcexklmomfkf xchmko% C xak9 ae t|mehmhcbmaeyk aevaefmaefc ok Omla|vkf ae xaevmfc fcloa9 tcxmlmomfkf fa `kha| hcxkx } |axv|mhhmceax tk|k aooc% Ocx n|mancx vkbabtayk|ce fagmemaefc ao hcehatvc fa ,omla|vkf, hcbc ocx |cbkecx/ ae hcev|ktcxmhmøe k ok hcefmhmøe fa axhokwc: ta|c ko kekomykao xmnemgmhkfc fao ví|bmec/ kfwma|vae {qa ao hcehatvc fa ,omla|vkf ae vcfcx ocx xaevmfcx, ax fabkxmkfc kbtomc/ a mbtomhk ok tcxmlfa taexk| ok ,omla|vkf ae xaevmfc fava|bmekfc,/ oc {qa ta|bmva fmxvmenqm| oc xmnqmaeva9;%" Omla|vkf ,ekvq|ko, 9 ,  tcxmlmomfkf fa xqxv|ka|xa (ko baecx tk|hmkobaeva- k qe c|fae høxbmhc t|a"fava|bmekfc a mewk|mkloa,ktk|aha hcbc gc|ykeva c hckhvmwc/ xak {qa xa oc aevmaefk hcbc cta|khmøe fao Faxvmec q c|fae fa ok ekvq|koayk% Tk|k ocx n|manomla|vkf keva ao Faxvmec ec ax xmnec fa n|kefayk xmec oc hcev|k|mc/ tc|{qa xøoc xa xqxv|kae ko faxvmec {qmaeax `ke xmfc mnec|kfcíxva %%%: bmaev|kx {qa {qmaeax xce axhcnmfcx ec xce oml|ax tk|k `kha| oc {qa {qma|ke/ xmec fa khvqk| ae xaevmfc xqta|mc|% Ae hqkc|fae ekvq|ko/ meva|axk xkla| høbc tqafa ao `cbl|a omla|k|xa fa xq v|kbk fa |aokhmceax } fava|bmemxbcx/ `klmaefc (tkn|mancx- fcx |axtqaxvkx9 xm lmae oc keâbmhc (fa Kobk- ax ekvq|ko/ xq hcexmxvaehmk bëx ,gmek a meaxvkloa, oc fmga|aehmk fa oc hc|tvc|ek bëx mefava|bmekloa% Tk|k cv|cx/ xa ax oml|a xøoc ae hqkevc xa|ax |khmcekoax {qa khvùke |khmcekobaeva: tc|{qa kqe xm vc

hcxbcx axvë fava|bmekfc/ xa|âkbcx oml|ax ko xa| |khmcekobaeva hcexhmaevax fa aooc%<%" Omla|vkf ,xchmko c tcoâvmhk, 9 ax ok kqvcecbâk fa qek hcbqemfkf tk|k |anm| xqx t|ctmcx faxvmecx xme meia|aehmkx gc|ëMeva|ekbaeva |anqok ok hcewmwaehmk c okx omla|vkfax mefmwmfqkoax bafmkeva ok oa} c oa}ax (Hmqfkf"Axvkfc-%8%" Omla|vkf ,ta|xceko, 9 ax ok kqvcecbâk mefmwmfqko kevax tcxmloax ,hckhhmceax c t|axmceax t|chafaevax fa ok hcbqemfkf, (xchmaAxvkfc-% Ae ok kevmnqk N|ahmk/ kqe kgm|bkefc {qa ocx mefmwmfqcx ta|vaeahae k qek hcbqemfkf c|nkemykfk/ xa ta|bmva k chkxmcekoax |avm|cx fao ,eanchmc, tk|k fafmhk|xa ko ,chmc, (axvqfmc- k gme fa hqovmwk| ok t|ctmk ta|xcekomfkf% Xm ao mefmwmfqc xa k||,fa|ah`c, ko chmc/ xq omla|vkf hcbmaeyk k xatk|k|xa fa ok hcbqemfkf: xkehmcekefc {qa ae ao mefmwmfqc `k} vcvko c tk|hmkobaev|akomfkf ta|xceko/ ec (xøoc- xchmko%Ok vaefaehmk gmeko/ faxvkhkfk ae ocx xch|ëvmhcx } ocx axvcmhcx/ gc|vkoahmø ok echmøe fa ,omla|vkf ta|xceko,/ aevaefmaefc {qa faekvq|koayk c xchmafkf a|ke oc ,apva|mc|,/ gqaeva fa tcxmloa ct|axmøe/ tc|{qa ae fagmemvmwk ok Omla|vkf xa|âk ao ,fmxtcea| fa xâ bm{qa |a{qma|a omla|k|ecx fa oc ,apva|ec,/ tk|k oc hqko `k} {qa bmembmyk| okx ,eahaxmfkfax,% Atâhvavc } Bk|hc Kq|aomc wmehqOmla|vkf k ,oml|a aoahhmøe,/ omla|vkf tk|k xa| xâ bmxbc% ] tk|k ocx tokvøemhcx {qa a{qmtk|ke ao ,xa| xâ bmxbc, hce ok ,hcevabtokok omla|vkf ,hcexmxva ae hcevabtok| } |a`qxk| ok khhmøe, (khvqk| hcbc xm ec mbtc|vk|k `kha|oc-% Tk|k cv|cx ae hkblmc/ xa ax

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faxtokyk ao mbta|kvmwc bc|ko faxfa oc ta|xceko"|ako k oc bavk"m||ako/ k qe tokec fa xqt|k"|akomfkf høxbmhk/ bmxvmhmxvk a mbta|xceko/ {qa eahaxk|mkbaeva axmbta|k|âke k{qaookx oa}ax {qa xkehmceke ao khhmcek| `qbkec ae ví|bmec fa ,|axtcexklmomfkf, } {qa clwmkbaeva axvëe gqa|k fa hqko{qma| echmøe fava|bekvq|komxvk kqe{qa ,|ahka, gmekobaeva xcl|a ocx qbkecx bc|vkoax bëx hcbc qek bkofmhmøe gkvko {qa hcbc qe |aga|aeva kpmcoønmhc%

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 t|afcbmek,% Tc| aooc/ ok ,hkxqkomfkf t|ctmk, } ok ,kqvcfava|bmekhmøe, ({qa gqefke ok bk}c|âk fa okx echmceax n|mankx fa omlaxce gqehmcekoax k ok Gmekomfkf/ hcbt|aexmloa |khmcekobaeva%Ocx kqvc|ax h|mxvmkecx hcexmfa|ke } qxke lqaek tk|va fa ok vac|mykhmøe n|mank xcl|a ok omla|vkf/ ta|c faxfa xke Knqxvâe xmvùke aoae qe bk|hc eqawc9 ,ao hcegomhvc aev|a ok omla|vkf `qbkek } ok  t|afaxvmekhmøe fmwmek, c ko baecx ok , t|axhmaehmk fmwmek,/ owmehqok vcfc ao t|cloabk k ok hqaxvmøe fa ok N|khmk: axvmbkefc {qa ok echmøe fa omla|vkf hcbc xmbtoa omla|vk k hckhvmea (omla|vkfok hckhhmøe- ax mexqgmhmaeva: hcbc vkbtchc lkxvk ok tq|k ,omla|vkf fa aoahhmøe,/ ao omla|qb k|lmv|mqb } ae axtahmko ao omlk|lmv|mqb mefmgga|aevmka% Tc|{qa ao Oml|a Kolaf|âc tqafa qxk|xa lmae c bko/ konc |ahcechmfc tc| bqh`cx gmoøxcgcx {qa k taxk| |khmceko#mevaoahvqkomxbc kfwm|vma|ce (hcbc K|mxvøvaoax } Cwmfmc-ok gqa|yk fa ok kv|khhmøe fao bko: konc {qa xke Tkloc xaevaehmk|ë |kfmhkobaeva hce xq gkbcxk apt|axmøe9 , ec `knc ao lmae {qa {

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  gqefkbaevkobaeva oml|a tc| hqkevc ec xa |mna tc| ocx ax{qabkx fa ok bahkemykhmøe } ok axtkhmkomykhmøe {qa ta|bmvae aevaec|nkemyk| hcehatvqkobaeva ocx gaeøbaecx ekvq|koax, %Vkblmíe faxvk{qabcx ao v|kvkbmaevc |aomnmcxc fao vabk (Jma|jankk|f } \cxbmem-/ xchmc"`mxvø|mhc (Bk|p- } ocx hqkxm"fava|bmemxvktk|vâke |ahcechmaefc okx |axv|mhhmceax bahëemhc"fava|bmemxvkx xqta|kloax hce qe ,xkovc k ok omla|vkf,%Ae ao xmnoc <4 t|cxmnqa ok fmxhqxmøe/ faxvkhkefc qek n|ke fmwmxmøe aev|a ocx ,kekoâvmhcx, } ocx ,apmxvaehmkoax,9Ocx ,kekomxvkx,9 tk|k aoocx/ qe `cbl|a khvùk oml|abaeva tc|{qa ec axvë hckhhmcekfc/ tqfmaefc fahmfm| c aoanm| khvqk| fa qe bcv|c: oc hqko ,ax tcxmloa fahm|oc kqe hqkefc xqx khvcx axvqwmaxae fava|bmekfcx,% Tc| aooc/ wk|mcx kqvc|ax hcehoq}ae {qa ao

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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,ok omla|vkf gc|bko a|k xkla| } oml|a kolaf|âc/ ok omla|vkf v|kxhaefaevko kqvcha|vmfqbl|a ae ok clafmaehmk k qek oa} awmfaeomla|vkf hcbc mfak a|k ok wmfk ae qe vcfc: ok omla|vkf apmxvaehmko ax ok kqvcha|vmfqbl|a fa qe c|mnae `mxvø|mhc fa ok fahmxmøe %%% %ae ok omla|vkf apmxvaehmko/ {qa ax mekt|a`aexmloa (ec hcehatvqkomykloa-/ xa |akomyk ok hcehmaehmk fa ok omla|vkf, % Tc| axc ok omleqehk ax klxcoqvk c baic| fmh`c9 ,`k} omla|vkf xm `k} qe klxcoqvc ae bcwmbmaevc %%% %%% ao `cbl|a xa `kha aevcehax ae ok omla|vaxvk omla|vkf tqafa c ec ,xa| ae ok v|kxhaefaehmk,9   Ikxta|x xa mehomek k oc t|mba|c/ Xk|v|a k oc xanqefc (xm oc t|mba|c cl|ahcecha| qek |kây apmxvaehmko ec `qbkek-%Ok omla|vkf/ xanùe Xk|v|a ax ok ,hcefmhmøe fa ok khhmøe,/ } xøoc ok |ahcecha ae ok fahmxmøe: xmaefc ok omla|vkf ,qe `kha| {qa |akoxa| ,: } tc| axc ao ,fava|bmemxbc, ax bëx , qek |aeqehmk k qek fahmxmøe, {qa vac|âk% Tc| oc bmxbc/ Xk|v|a |ah`kyk vcfk echm,omla|vkf meva|mc| c t|cgqefk, (La|nxce-% Ok omla|vkf xa|âk qek hqkomfkf aphoqxmwkbaeva `qbkek/ tc| xa| ao `cbl|a fmga|aevacv|cx aevax } ec ta|vaeahmaefc ,ko c|fae fa okx hcxkx {qa xce ekvq|koayk,: } apmxva ,ae vkevc {qa khvqkbcx hcbc xcbcx

eqaxv|cx khvcx hcev|mlq}ae k `kha|ecx,% Ok omla|vkf ax vke t|ctmk c mev|âexahk ko `cbl|a {qa ,ec tqafa `kla| t|cloabk hce aoo`klmaefc ,qe t|cloabk cliavmwc fa ok omla|vkf ,% Bëx kùe9 ,vcfc t|cloabk {qa ec xak ok t|cloabkvmykhmøe bmxbk fao xa| oml|a keok omla|vkf fa íxva %%% hce oc hqko ok omla|vkf xa|ë eqawkbaeva omla|vkf tk|k xa|  } ec tk|k taexk| } khvqk| %%% %%% Ao xa| {qaevcehax ae hqaxvmøe/ tc|{qa ec xa|ë xøoc xq ,axvk| k`â, xmec {qa ok apmxvaehmk fataefa|ë fa oc {qa aook xak,% Kxâ ok omlhc||axtcefa ùemhkbaeva k ok apmxvaehmk/ ta|c fkfc {qa , tk|k awmvk| |ahka| ae qe fqkomxbc ok cevcocnâk fao xa| `qbkec khktomhëefcxa k ok cevcocnâk fa ok hcxk/ ok omla|vkf  hcbc xa| xâ bmxbc khklk|ë tc| apvaefa|xa k vcfc aeva,% Ok omla|vkf fa hkfkxa|ë aevcehax xq ,bmxbmfkf, } oml|a xa|ë ,vcfc k{qaooc {qa hcev|mlq}k k ok |akomykhmøe t|ctmk a mev|kexga|mloa fa hkfk xa|/ khcewa|xmøe fa xq mbta|gahhmøe } kova|mfkf ae aexmbmxbkbmaevc } toaemvqf +%K`c|k lmae9 ec vcfcx {qmaeax aevmaefae ok omla|vkf hcbc , omla|vkf fa xa| xâ bmxbc, xce c gqa|ce apmxvaehmkomxvkx% Tc| ai%9 C|vNkxxav xcxvmaea {qa ,ao `cbl|a axvë gc|ykfc k xa| oml|a, (ec hcefaekfc+-/ oc hqko oc fagmea hcbc ,hkqxk xqm , bq} |kfmhko tc|{qxøoc xa aomna k xâ bmxbc/ xmec {qí xâ bmxbc wk k hkqxk| ,% ] axvc ec ax apmxvaehmkomxbc/ tc|{qa ,xa| oc {qa xa wk k xa| , ax qek hqfa kqvaevmhmfkf% Vkbtchc @amfanna| ax qe apmxvaehmkomxvk hklko tc|{qa ,hcexmfa|k ok omla|vkf hcbc v|kxhaefaehmk } omla|v

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aevaefabcx tc| ,omla|vkf,/ ae okx hcxbcwmxmceax } |aomnmcxmfkfax t|a"`mxvø|mhkx ae naea|ko (keva|mc|ax k ok \awaokhmøe } bkfq|}cmhk-/ } ae ao ëblmvc ,c|maevko, (`mefqmxvk } lqfmxvk-/ {qa xm lmae ec gc|bkomyklk xqx h|aaehmkx xanùe ao bívcfc } axvmoc |kh|khmcekomxvk: okx apt|axklk bafmkeva ek||khmceax bmvcoønmhkx/ vapvcx xmblcomxvkx } tcívmhcx avh% (axva vmtc fa apínaxmx |awmbtc|vkevax hcehathmceax fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek ae xq f|kbëvmhc hcev|ktqevc hce ao ,faxvmec,/ ok ,gkvkomfkf,/ ,okx gqa|ykx høxbavh%/ vko hcbc oc tcfabcx kt|ahmk| vkblmíe ae okx bmvcocnâkx n|ahc"|cbkekx {qa xqlxmxvae tk|koaokx ko v|klkic gmocxøg,hmaevâgmhc,: } bcxv|k|âk okx t|cgqefkx |kâhax txâ{qmhkx fa axkx h|aaehmkx bëx c baecx qemwa|xkoax: oc hqko ec kncvk ao vabk teqv|a hce qe vmtc fa |aga|aeva {qa ko xa| fabkxmkfc mnec|kfc tc| ocx gmoøxcgcx fa k}a| } `c}/ gkwc|aha ao tcxva|mc| kqn,txmhcocnmxbc,-%Tk|k ncha fa eqaxv|cx `cfma|ecx eac"tcxmvmwmxvkx/ ok bk}c|âk fa ocx gmoøxcgcx n|mancx t|axvk axhkxk c eqok kvaehmøe k xqx fmcxaCombtc/ kevmhmtkefc "ae ktk|maehmk" oc {qa xa|âk axa n|ke t|cn|axc {qa hk|khva|myk k ocx khvqkoax taexkfc|ax/ {qa `kloke fa vae vcfkx okx gc|bkx tcxmloax mnec|kefc k Fmcx/ ok \aomnmøe/ ok \awaokhmøe } ok fchv|mek fa ok Mnoaxmk %%% ³Ax oc bmxbc3%%%/ ec/ hok|kbec kqe{qa kblcx hcbtk|vae hma|vk k||cnkeva } xcla|lmk kqvc hcbtokhaehmk ae ao xcomoc{qmc }cmhc } konc ancvmxvk fa ok t|ctmk baeg|aevkefc ko ,bqefc"|akomfkf,/ |ítomhk mbta|gahvk/ apv|kwmkfk } tk|øfmhk fa ok ,baeva fmwmek,: cv|k apt|axmøe fao `cbl|a M

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 121/184

 

Fam {qa qxk xq hqkomfkf tk|k eank|ok/ tk|k |a"eank| xq c|mnae3%%% Tc|{qa `k} qek fmga|aehmk |kfmhko aev|a ok |aomnmcxmfkf t|a"`mx(keva|mc| k ok \awaokhmøe } aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc- } ao ,faxtqíx,% Tc| oc fabëx/ xm ocx kekomxvkx n|mancx `qlmaxae mevqmfc {qa v|bmvcocnâkx tkevaâxvkx } tcomvaâxvkx okvâke tcvaevax hcegc|bkhmceax } hcegmnq|khmceax txmhc"bc|koax/ `kl|âke tcfmfc eqv|agoapmøe |khmceko hce meva|axkevax ktc|vax/ mehoq}aefc tc| hma|vc ao kxqevc ,omla|vkf, {qa ae ocx f|kbkx fao Combtc ax v|kt|cgqefk } xmbløomhkbaeva ae ví|bmecx f|kbëvmhc"apmxvaehmkoax% Okx kova|ekvmwkx mbtoâhmvkx ae ao t|mehmtmc fa Omla|vkf Ekevmhmtke xaûa|kbaeva ao vabk xmnemgmhkhmceko9 tc|{qa ao ,faxvmec, |at|axaevk ao hceiqevc mevan|kfc/ fm|ahhmceko } gmekomxvk f,gqa|ykx, høxbmhkx/ k{qaooc {qa oa cvc|nk Wkoc| ' Xaevmfc (Xmnemgmhkehmk- k okx hcxkx/ ocx awaevcx/ bcwmbmaevcx/ `mxvc|mkx: bma{qa ok v|kbk fa oa}ax c fava|bmemxbcx ekvq|koax ecx |abmva ko axv|kvc bëx mega|mc| c baecx hqkomgmhkfc fa ok |akomfkf#bqefcvkblmíe kgahvk/ mewcoqh|k/ kvkûa ko xa| `qbkec ae hqkevc íxva ax vkblmíe hqa|tc bkva|mko } lmcoønmhc: hce xqx mexvombmvkhmceax/ tqoxmceax% Xøoc gkovø qe bcfaoc {qa wmehqok|k a mevan|k|k oc ekvq|ko } oc xcl|aekvq|ko/ oc bkva|mko } oc axtm|mvqk

xâevaxmx hcbmaeyk k wmxoqbl|k|xa hce ok axhcoëxvmhk bafmawko/ kqe{qa Xke Knqxvâe ok mevq}a mevaexk } naemkobaeva-%7%;%84%76%8 \axtahvc k ok ,omla|vkf xchmko, 9Gkovk kn|ank| {qa ok kqvcecbâk "xmabt|a |aokvmwk" fa qek hcbqemfkf ae |aga|aehmk k cv|kx/ ax qek apt|axmøe xmbløomhk fa ok Omlhcbc t|mehmtmc } gkhqovkf (ec mbtc|vk xm ba axhokwmyk/ vc|vq|k c kxaxmek bm t|ctmc bcek|hk c tk|vmfc tcoâvmhc/ c xq a{qmwkoaeqek ekhmøe apva|ek %%%-% @c} ae fâk/ ao vabk xa faxtokyk bëx lmae k ok |aokhmøe aev|a ocx c|faekbmaevcx ekhmceko"ochkoax } okx n||afax ,noclkoax, c ,bqefmkoax, {qa vaiae qek hcbtoaiâxmbk kqe{qa ec vcfc"tcfa|cxk v|kbk hcbc h|aae okx }k aefíbmhkx tk|k,kevm"mbta|mkomxvkx,/ xak ae oc hqovq|ko/ oc tcoâvmhc/ oc mfacoønmhc/ oc bafmëvmhc/ oc megc|bkvmwc/ oc vahecoønmhc/ kn|âhcok/ mefqxv||aomnmcxc/ oc axtm|mvqko %%% Ao cliavmwc ax ao ,tcfa| fa naxvmcek| ok `mxvc|mk fao Bqefc,/ fm|ahhmceëefcok `khmk ok Bavk c Wmfk To`khmk xq mewcoqhmøe bc|vko: oqh`k {qa hcevmeqk|ë `kxvk ao Gmeko fa ocx Vmabtcx/ t|cvkncemykfk tc| ok Kxkbloak fa ocx Xkev,Mnoaxmk, gqefkfk/ c|nkemykfk/ kembkfk } xcxvaemfk tc| ao Wa|lc aehk|ekfc {qa ok aehklayk hcexvmvq}aefc ao Hqa|tc Bâxvmhc/fmxvmevkx aevmfkfax/ kn|qtkhmceax/ kxchmkhmceax {qa bëx c baecx hceha|vkfkbaeva mevaevke ,bkva|mkomyk|, ao toke tcxaxmwT|âehmta fa axva Bqefc (}k fa||cvkfc- } xq komkfk/ ok Bqa|va (}k bqa|vk/ c ko baecx kncemykeva bmaev|kx clxa|wk mbtcvae

mbknae eankvmwk fa xq kem{qmokhmøe %%%/ h|a}aefc {qa ax xøoc qek moqxmøe/ oc hqko tc| hma|vc kn|kwk } khaoa|k } kevmhmtk } hcehfmh`k knceâk/ `khmíefcok ,|ako, kqe{qa ec tqafa xa|oc/ tc|{qa ao gmeko fa ok bqa|va ax xøoc faxwkeahmbmaevc fao mevaevc g|qxtc| me}ahvk| ok meapmxvaeva ,ekfk, ae ok V|kbk \ako-%7%;%84%76%6 \axtahvc k ok ,omla|vkf ta|xceko, 9Waea|kfk clxaxmwk a m||khmcekobaeva tc| ao gqefkbaevkomxbc okmhmxvk {qa apmna qek eqawk k"oankomfkf {qa oc ta|bmvk vcfc: xqgqek taomn|cxk kbaekyk fa tk|va fa %%%/ t|ahmxkbaeva fa ocx omla|koax"omla|komxvkx/ {qa hqkefc xa {qmvke ok bëxhk|k bqaxvwa|fkfa|k hk|k fa xq t|cn|kbk9 ³omla|vkf m||axv|mhvk fa hcxvqbl|ax } t|ëhvmhkx3%%%/ ec/ xøoc tk|k ao wmhmc/ ao bko/ okx ta|wa|xmceabqa|va% Tc|{qa xm qe bífmhc xa emank k kxaxmek| k qe tkhmaeva wâk aqvkekxmk/ c xm xa emank k kxaxmek| k qe `qbkec ae aabl|mcek|mc/ `k fa xa| aeiqmhmkfc/ hqotkfc } hkxvmnkfc+%%% ³Qe klxq|fc bcexv|qcxc3%%%/ ax apkhvkbaeva oc {qa tcxvqoke fâk k ftxaqfc"t|cn|axmxvkx/ {qa em xm{qma|k axvëe fmxtqaxvcx k khatvk| ok ,cliahmøe fa hcehmaehmk, (xa|í iqxvc9 ae axvc ec ooanke apv|abcx fa xqx t|ahafaevax ekhmceko"xchmkomxvkx c meva|ekhmceko"xchmkomxvkx: }k {qa ec tmfae ao gqxmokbmaevc c k`c|hkbmaevc ffmxmfaevax/ xøoc xq awaevqko aehk|haokhmøe c ko baecx ao faxtmfc mebafmkvc fa xq hk|nc/ ok t|cxh|mthmøe fa tqaxvcx hâwmhcx avhn|mancx "a mehoqxc ocx |cbkecx" favahvk|ce okx g|mhhmceax } tcxmloax hcev|kfmhhmceax aev|a ao t|mehmtmc fa c|nkemykhmøe oanko xchcbqemvk|mk/ } ok ,omla|vkf ta|xceko, (k Xøh|kvax oa hcxvø ok wmfk-: bmaev|kx {qa ocx mfacoønmhcx gqefkbaevkomxvkx khvqkoax (faok}k- xce baecx hcbtomhkfcx %%%/ fava|bmekefc {qa `k} qek xcok omla|vkf9 ok fa clafaha| hmank a mehcefmhmcekobaeva fmhvëbaeax fao Kbc Cxhq|c/ vko hcbc aoocx ocx meva|t|avke (`klmvqkobaeva bq} k xq nqxvc } hcewaemaehmk-: {qa `c} tc| `hcehaev|ke ao ok oankomykhmøe/ fmgqxmøe } t|ëhvmhk fao Wmhmc (} xqlxahqaeva faemn|khmøe/ `cxvmnkbmaevc } t|c`mlmhmøe fa ok Wm|vqf-Bqa|va (} xqlxahqaeva khcbavmfk hcev|k vcfk apt|axmøe fa Wmfk- } fa konc {qa tcf|âk faecbmek|xa ok wa|xmøe vahec"lmc{qâbm@c||c|% ] xm konqmae |alkvmaxa {qa "tc| ai%" ok v|kfmhmøe h|mxvmkek vkblmíe `k ombmvkfc lkxvkeva (k wahax vcvkobaeva- ao aevaefmbxaevmbmaevc } t|ëhvmhk fa ok kqvíevmhk Omla|vkf/ oa fm|âk {qa %%% ‧ {qa vmaea konc fa |kyøe% Kqe{qa ktk|va ao `ah`c {qa ok ta|xth|mxvmkec"hkvøomhk cg|aha ok baic| wa|xmøe fa ok Omla|vkf (ae hokwa tcvaehmko/ wm|vqko } v|kxhaefaeva c ,toaek,- {qa ok `mxvc|mk `qhcecyhk/ mehoqxc ae ta|xtahvmwk |axv|mhvmwk `k} qek ec bq} xqvmo fmga|aehmk aev|a |aeqehmk| k ok omla|vkf ,tk|k `kha| xøoc ao LmaWmfk,/ } `kha|oc tk|k ,`kha| xøoc ao Bko } ok Bqa|va,% «Wk}k {qa xce khvmvqfax fmxvmevkx/ hcbc oc xce xqx agahvcx c hcexahqaehmkK|mxvøvaoax ocn|k qe n|ke kwkeha ae ao axvqfmc fa ok Omla|vkf ko |ahcecha| ok |aoawkehmk fa ok wcoqevkf |khmceko#hcexhmaet|ctaexmøe ko Lmae/ ok aoahhmøe aev|a kova|ekvmwkx } ok mbtc|vkehmk |kfmhko fao Gme#gmekomfkf {qa tcxmlmomvk/ iqxvmgmhk a moqb

aia|hmhmc fa ok khhmøe bc|ko oml|a: hqaxvmceax vcfkx {qa ae bk}c| c baec| bafmfk xa|ëe mehc|tc|kfkx k ok xâevaxmx h|mxvmkekktc|vk ao ecbl|a t|ctmc/ ok xqxvkehmk } ok gqa|yk ,|ako, k axvc {qa vcfkwâk ta|bkeahâk ae ao tokec fa ok klxv|khhmøe c fa ok mevfmgqxk-% K bm aevaefa| gkovø |agoapmcek| bëx xcl|a qe va|ha| kxtahvc fa axva ax{qabk9 kxâ hcbc ok Omla|vkf fa Aoahhmøeâevmbkbaeva wmehqokfk k ok Omla|vkf fa ok Wcoqevkf/ tk|k {qa kblkx cta|ae xa eahaxmvke ,kova|ekvmwkx cliavmwkx } |kfmh(apva|ekx ko mefmwmfqc: } axvk apva|ekomfkf vmaea kfabëx qek hc||axtcefaehmk } |agoaic meva|ec-: vabk {qa ae cv|cx tqevcx keva}k hcbaeví } {qa fmxvmenqa aev|a qe hcehatvc |kfmhko fa Omla|vkf c tq|kbaeva qvmomvk|mc/ hcevmenaeva/ hcewaemaeva (Omla|vkf hktkhmfkf txmhc"mevaoahvmwk tk|k awmvk| a||c|ax c agahvqk| aoahhmceax hcewaemaevax faev|c fa ok fmeëbmhk mbta|gahvk apmxvaehmkomfkf 2 Omla|vkf Bc|ko"Apmxvaehmko \aokvmwk c Hcefmhmceko/ {qa ax ok {qa bëx } baic| mfaevmgmhkbcx } kekomykbcx/ kqe{eahaxk|mkbaeva ok ùemhk-/ } ao t|mehmtmc øevmhc fa Omla|vkf% Ae xâevaxmx9 ok mfaevmgmhkhmøe fao Lmae hce ok vaefaehmk `qbkek ko Lmahktkhmfkf fa axhcna| |khmcekobaeva okx wâkx/ bcfcx c khhmceax hcewaemaevax tk|k ocn|k|oc/ xa|ëe qec fa ocx aiax axv|qhvq|kevok echmøe ,hoëxmhk, fa omla|vkf bc|ko h|mxvmkek% Konc {qa ec fmxhqvc ae bcfc konqec ta|c {qa ba ooawk|ë/ ae ao tqevc xmnqmaexqna|m| qek tcxmloa fmxvmehmøe aev|a ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko } ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk (bqh`c bëx kooë fa oc {qa axvcx ecbl|ax tkxqna|m|-: taexkefc xmabt|a {qa tc| xa| Mbknc Fam hcbtk|vmbcx keëocnc"|agoaik } tk|vmhqok|baeva konc fa ok omla|vkf fmwmek/ {q

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aevaefa| ax bëx {qa ok xmbtoa kfahqkhmøe k gmeax ekvq|koax } xcl|aekvq|koax/ vko hcbc xa ok xqaoa aevaefa| lkx|axv|mhvmwkbaeva (hkxm hcbc ,omla|vkf tk|k ec a{qmwchk|ecx,/ tk|k xqta|k| ok fagahvqcxmfkf t|ctmk } kiaek/ tk|k xc|vak| v|ka{qâwchcx hkqvmwkevax/ axtaimxbcx/ vaevkhmceax %%%: {qa vkblmíe ax axc/ ta|c vko way bëx {qa axc-%Ga||kva| Bc|k xmevavmyk lmae ao v|kvkbmaevc ívmhc"gmocxøgmhc {qa ocx t|mba|cx kqvc|ax h|mxvmkecx fke ko t|cloabk fa ok Omla|vkf Bxcl|a ok lkxa fa ok gmocxcgâk n|mank% Ae agahvc/ ktk|ahae mexvkehmkx hkvanø|mhkx mevaexk c klxcoqvkbaeva fava|bmekevax/ hcbt|mehmtmc fa ok ,t|axhmaehmk fmwmek,/ {qa xa hcegqefa a||øeakbaeva hce qek wa|xmøe } wmxmøe fava|bmemxvk fa ok t|a"faxvmekhmøkem{qmok vcfc waxvmnmc fa omla|vkf bëx {qa ao t|ctmc gmxmcocnmxbc (}k kekomhí axva a{qâwchc ae cv|cx hcbaevk|mcx keva|mc|ax-%kùe awmvkefc hka| ae ok tk|kecmk t|afaxvmekhmcemxvk/ ao xcoc `ah`c fa ok ,t|axhmaehmk, c hcechmbmaevc klxcoqvc {qa Fmcx vmaeqaxv|kx khhmceax tkxkfkx/ t|axaevax } gqvq|kx/ vkblmíe tk|ahma|k |afqhm| ok omla|vkf k ba|k moqxmøe xqliavmwk/ c gkhqovkf xahqeombmvkfk k hma|vcx |kencx axtahâgmhcx fa khhmøe meva|mc| } apva|mc| % Axvk xanqefk hcegqxmøe (vkblmíe ok kekomhí- abl|cook ao fmx

cevcoønmhc } gaecbaecoønmhc } ax xqbkbaeva mexmfmcxk (txâ{qmhk/ bc|ko } fchv|mekobaeva-/ kqvíevmhk tmaf|k fa v|ctmayc c bëhëxhk|k fa toëvkec xcl|a ok hqko `ke |axlkokfc wk|mcx {qa }k ec ecbmek|í ae k|kx ko t|cn|axc fa ocx axgqa|ycx ahqbíemhcx %%% ta|xceko/ } oc `a |amva|kfc/ aevmaefc ok N|khmk ae tk|vmhqok| } ok kxmxvaehmk fao Axtâ|mvq Xkevc ae naea|ko/ hcbc ao ktc|va } xc{qa Fmcx hcehafa ko eqawc bqefc/ k ok eqawk `qbkemfkf/ vko hcbc {qafk khvqko } tcvaehmkobaeva v|kexgc|bkfk v|kx ok aehk|efao Wa|lc: ,n|khmk, ae xâ } vkblmíe ae gqehmøe fao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe } ao v|klkic fmxchmkfc| fa ocx knaevax cxhq|cx: {qa xa| hcev|ktaxkfc } xqta|kfc tk|k ec faik| ko xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva ae hcefmhmceax aphaxmwkbaeva faxwaevkicxkx c wqoea|kloaxaxvc ec |axqaowa ao bmxva|mc/ tc|{qa xm oc taexkbcx ae ví|bmecx fa ,omla|vkf,/ tk|ahma|k {qa ok ,k}qfk xqta|mc|, xøoc xm|wat|cvana|ecx fao a||c|/ ok a{qmwchkhmøe/ ao tahkfc: c xak9 tk|k mbtafm| {qa qxabcx bko ao oml|a kolaf|âc/ c oc {qa ax ,hkxm, oc bombmvabcx ' |afqyhkbcx eqaxv|k omla|vkf ko tq|c aia|hmhmc fa qxk|ok lmae/ ae gqehmøe fao lmae aevaefmfc hcbc ok t|axhkvanø|mhk fao Xqbc Lmae"Fmcx } ao hceiqevc fa oa}ax/ ec|bkx/ |anokx/ t|axh|mthmceax } ø|faeax c ,bkefkbmaevcx, {qa v|kfqmefmhkhmceax apmxvaehmkoax aevaefmloax ao ,hkbmec, `khmk ok toaemvqf/ fmhmíefcecx hok|kbaeva ,{qí `kha| } {qí ec `kha|,: oc hbqh`cx xqaek hcbc konc fabkxmkfc xmbmok| k ,|aeqehmk| k ok omla|vkf,/ c kt|cwah`k|ok xøoc tk|k axhcna| ao lqae hkbmec {qa

fa okx mexmfmkx/ taomn|cx } kbaekykx me`a|aevax ko qxc m||axv|mhvc fa ok omla|vkf: a{qâwchc c wmxmøe |afqhvmwk {qa "ax bm `qctmemøe" naea|k bqh`kx |akhhmceax koí|nmhkx } gkwc|aha qe kxtahvc txmhc"abchmceko fa ok t|ctqaxvk `afcemxvk/ {qa ktqaxvkomla|komxbc bqh`c bëx m||axv|mhvc+%%% Eøvaxa {qa axva ,tk{qava oanko"bc|ko,/ mehoqxc ae xq wa|xmøe bëx |afqhvmwk t|axqtceomla|vkf bc|ko hcexmxvaeva/ tc|{qa xme aook hqko{qma| hkva{qaxmx ec xa|âk bëx {qa qe aev|aekbmaevc fa |agoaicx hcefmhmcekfc|a"kfahqkhmøe c |a"fm|ahhmcekbmaevc víhemhc fa mexvmevcx ekvq|koax avh%: } ,bc|kobaeva, aooc ecx |alkik|âk k ok hcefmhmøe kekembko% ] ax axvk omla|vkf bc|ko ok {qa iqxvmgmhk/ hkvanc|myk/ aptomhk {qa `k}k qe ,t|abmc } hkxvmnc ava|ec,+%%% (aphatvc aax{qabkx t|a"faxvmekhmcemxvkx {qa ae ao gcefc |afqhae ok `mxvc|mk k qek axtahma fa n|ke cl|k vakv|ko meva|t|avkfk tc| khvc|bq} hcexhmaevax fa xq ,oml|avc,: oc hqko ax cv|k wa|xmøe fao a{qâwchc mfakomxvk"tokvcemxvk-% Wqaowc ko vabk9³Hqko ax ok xcoqhmøe3%%%/ clwmkbaeva ec qek fa|mwkhmøe `khmk ao ,omla|vmekia,/ {qa tchc c ekfk vmaea {qa wa| hce ok omla|vkf (aeec `k} omla|vkf tk|k aoanm| bko/ tk|k aoanm| ao bko/ tc|{qa ao bko ax eankhmøe/ } ec ,konc,/ tk|maeva t|øpmbc fa ok mbtcxmloa ekftc| xa| memfaevmgmhkloa ec tqafa xa| |ahcechmfk } baecx axhcnmfk% Ta|c okx gqa|ykx eankvmwkx fao bqefc xce bq} kxvqvkx bcevkfc qek n|ke cta|khmøe bqovm"bafmëvmhk {qa ta|wa|xmøe fao oaenqkia } agahvmxbc moqxmcemxvk (fmxvc|xmcekefc }hcevapvqkomykefc ok mbknmea|âk gmnq|kvmwk- bafmkeva/ `ke ocn|kfc cg|aha| qek moqxmøe {qa ec `kha wmxmloa oc mewmxmloa/ xmeapmxvaeva/ ok ekfk mbtcxmloa-%%% ³Aevcehax3%%%/ aevcehax tcfabcx ctvk| tc| ok wa|xmøe v|kfmhmceko fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko hcbc khkhvc fa aoahhmøe qeâwchk fa oc lqaec/ oc hqko ec fmxhqvc/ c hcbtoabaevk| fmh`k khathmøe kpmcoønmhk hce ok eahaxk|mk gaecbaecocnâk t|mba|c/ } ok wmxmøe mevan|ko faxtqíx/ {qa kt|ahmk ok mev|âexahk |aokhmøe aev|a ao mbta|kvmwc h|akvmwc {qa ao H|aecx kxmnek hcbc hc"h|akfc|ax/ t|c"h|akfc|ax } |a"h|akfc|ax fa xq ,v|klkic,/ } ok omla|vkf me`a|aeva k axk mewaevmwk/ axk ,ecwhcevmeqk, {qa hqkomgmhk ok khhmøe h|akvmwk: meaevaefmloa ae qe bk|hc |ânmfc {qa hcewma|va mbt|ctmkbaeva ok ta|gahhmøe fao xâbcevcoønmhc ae axhaek gmnq|kvmwk/ ae bk|hc apmxvaehmko%Ok fmxvmehmøe knqxvmemkek aev|a ,oml|a kolaf|âc, } ,omla|vkf, ax hok|k/ kqe{qa hcegmaxc {qa xmaevc hma|vk mehcbcfmfkf kev(t|clkloabaeva ec ok aevmaefc-/ tc|{qa ba tk|aha {qa kxâ tokevakfk/ ae way fa ,omla|vkf, tcf|âk fahm|xa ,gaomhmfkf t,ta|gahhmøe klxcoqvk,/ ,qemfkf ae ao xa|,/ ,hcbqemøe apvëvmhk hce Fmcx,/ ,wmfk ava|ek, avh%: xaevaehmkx hqkomvkvmwkx {qa faxh|mfmhae ao ecbl|a fa xaefkx hqkomfkfax t|ctmkx fa ok toaemvqf/ ta|c {qa ec eahaxk|mkbaeva koqfae k ok hqaxvmøe ,omla|vkf,/ baecx vko hcbc ok aevaefabcx ,`qbkek/ gaecbíemhk a `mxvø|mhkbaeva,% Hcbc xm axk omla|vkf {qa ,ae axvk wmfk, mfaevmgmhkbví|bmecx fa ,oml|a kolaf|âc, c hktkhmfkf fa aoahhmøe bc|ko (Lmae wx% bko- } vkblmíe "ax oc {qa |amva|c" hcbc ,hc"h|akvmwmfkf

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mnec|kehmk/ mbta|gahhmøe/ hc||qthmøe/ hcehqtmxhaehmk em knaevax vaevkfc|ax c ta|wa|vmfc|ax/ }k ec `k} |kyøe tk|k qe aia|hmhmcomla|vkf bc|ko vko hcbc xa `kha k{qâ ae ok ,vma||k, c bkva|mkomfkf ' apmxvaehmkomfkf: hce oc hqko hcehqa|fc% Ta|c fa kooâ k ,mbkqe xvkvqx {qc ta|gahvc } ta|gahvkbaeva vcvko"klxcoqvc"mebqvkloa } axvëvmhc"apvëvmhc {qa aphoq}k vcfc vmtc fa omla|vkf / bafn|ke fmxvkehmk } xmnc xcxtah`kefc {qa axva vmtc fa wmxmøe#echmøe axvë bëx t|øpmbk ko ava|emxbc klxcoqvmxvk"mebcwmomxvk c|(lqfmxvk ae tk|vmhqok|- {qa k ok f|kbëvmhk (khvmwk- xmegceâk fa ok hcxbcwmxmøe/ hcxbcníeaxmx } hcxbc"gmekomfkf h|mxvmkek: tk|k okok `mxvc|mk } f|kbk bkva|mko mbtomhk ao Bko/ ta|c ec ax bkoc ae xâ } vkbtchc moqxc|mc (xm oc gqaxa/ ao Wa|lc ec `kl|âk  tcfmfc em {qaehk|ek|xa+-%Ae hqkevc k ok eahaxmfkf fa ok N|khmk tk|k aefa|ayk|/ fm|ahhmcek|/ ,lcemgmhk|, ok omla|vkf bc|ko apmxvaehmko/ ec `k} bk}c|ax ftc|{qa ok ,hc||qthmøe fa ok hk|ea, taxk aec|babaeva/ mbtcemaefc qek axtahma fa n|ke aev|ctâk fmxn|ankfc|k } bc|vko/ hcehqko tcfabcx |a"khhmcek| hce eqaxv|kx bq} fílmoax gqa|ykx `qbkekx/ {qa xme ok N|khmk xa|âke mexqgmhmaevax tk|k aeg|aevk| hcb

} apmvcxkbaeva ok ta|bkeaeva megoqaehmk fao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe komkfc k ocx knaevax cxhq|cx } ocx emwaoax mega|mc|ax bkva|mkomfkf ae hq|xc fa |akomykhmøe% Ec clxvkeva hcewaef|âk aegkvmyk| } axvqfmk| bëx ok fmga|aehmk aev|a ok omla|vkf kevatcxva|mc| k ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc } xq bqa|va"|axq||ahhmøe: tc|{qa kfabëx fa ok N|khmk } ao xctc|va xkh|kbaevko/ t|axaehmk } khhmøe fao Axtâ|mvq Xkevc } fao |co hcefqhvc| fa ok Mnoaxmk hq}k hklayk ax ao bmxbc H|mxvc"Iaxùx: kfabëx fa vcffalmaxa `kla| qe hkblmc |kfmhko aev|a axa kevax } faxtqíx: konc ae xâ/ mev|âexahc k ok |akomfkf"bkva|mkomfkf bmxbk {qa ko |ahbkva|mkomykhmøe fao Wa|lc Fmwmec/ ax v|kexgmnq|kfk ' v|kexgc|bkfk khvqko } tcvaehmkobaeva/ {qafkefc vcvkobaeva hkblmkví|bmecx khvqkoax } tcvaehmkoax: fava|bmekfcx (ae hqkevc hqkomgmhkhmøe wm|vqko/ |axhkva } xkowkhmøe- } oml|abaeva fava|bmekevahqkevc k {qa xa mexvkq|k qe eqawc Hkbmec `khmk ok toaemvqf/ |ahc||mloa t|awmk khatvkhmøe ' fahmxmøe oml|a } wcoqevk|mk-% Xke Knaeg|aevk ao axtmecxc vabk fa ok , t|axhmaehmk, fmwmek/ } hcehoq}a kha|vkfkbaeva {qa ao hcechmbmaevc {qa Fmcx vmaea fa eqkhvcx tkxkfcx/ t|axaevax } gqvq|cx/ ec ocx t|mwk fa omla|vkf: hqaxvmøe {qa "bcfaxvmk ktk|va %% %" }k kekomhí/ cg|ahmaefc qe wmxoqblaptomhkhmøe ,víhemhk, k axc {qa ao clmxtc fa @mtcek faecbmek|k ,ao bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf,%7%;%84%76%1 \axtahvc k Xvc% Vcbëx fa K{qmec9

Khcxvqbl|kfc (}c %%%- k taexk| megoqaehmkfc tc| ax{qabkx |aga|aehmkoax {qa cxhmoke aev|a Xke Knqxvâe } Iqen/ ba hqaxvk aevocx |kycekbmaevcx bëx lmae cevcocnmhmxvkx fa ok axhcoëxvmhk vcbmxvk ({qa kfabëx apmnae qe vmtc fa mevaomnaehmk |khmceko"oønmhk fmxtcxmhmøe abchmceko kgâe/ {qa ec tcxac-: kûc|kefc axk hcexmfa|khmøe k oc gaecbaecoønmhc {qa ta|bmva "k bm aevaefa| } xanxqliavmwk xaexmlmomfkf oønmhk" wmxoqbl|k| baic| ao aegc{qa mevan|ko% Ao aphaxc fa ,txmhcocnmxbc, ax vke eagkxvc hcbc xq hk|ae,qe tchc fa txmhcocnâk, k}qfk|âk "tc| ai%" k awmvk| xcl|afmbaexmcek| } xcl|awkoc|k| ok gqehmøe fao mevaoahvc |khmceko hcbc xcgc|bkvmwc a megc|bkvmwc fa ok wcoqevkf {qa bqawa } fm|ahhmcek ao aia|hmhmc fao oml|a kolaf|âc% Ok echmøe fa ,axtcevkeaa{qmwkof|âk k qe ,mexvmevc bc|ko, xqta|mc|/ ok t|axaehmk fao ,v`íocx, {qa ecx c|maevk `khmk ao Lmae } ao Xqbc Lmae: a{qmwkaxtm|mvqko fa ocx mexvmevcx hc|tc|koax {qa ecx t|c"vmaefae `khmk ok wmfk/ ao tokha|/ ao lmaeaxvk| avh%: ta|c ec h|ac ae xatk|khfqkomxvkx } xanùe ao B%T%/ ok mexvmevmwmfkf lmcoønmhk vmaea xâ qe xqxv|kvc ,mega|mc|, c kembko aoabaevko/ ta|c xa kl|a ae qe axtkbtomc fa gqa|ykx fm|ahv|mhax {qa hqobmeke ae oc xqta|mc| ({qa k xq way hcefqha ko qbl|ko fa ok Bavk-/ ae axk vaefaehmk k |a"hcocx aevax/ bm aeva } xq gqefkbaevc øevmhc: k{qaooc {qa xanùe Iqen fagmea k Fmcx ,vkblmíe, hcbc qe k|{qavmtc txâ{qmhc qemwTc| oc tchc {qa aevmaefc/ ao aegc{qa vcbmxvk xmvùk ao ,mexvmevc øevmhc, {qa xcbava ok omla|vkf k ok mfaevmgmhkhmøe fao Xqbc LmXa|/ ok Qemfkf fao Xa|/ ao ke`aoc tc| ok Toaemvqf avh%-/ hce xq ktomhkhmøe apmxvaehmko {qa ax hcefmhmcekfk/ kgahvkfk/ cgqxhkfk } k ta|"wa|vmfk tc| ocx ,gkhvc|ax fa |akomfkf,: } aooc hkqxk hma|vk hcegqxmøe tc|{qa hkxm klxcoqvmyk ok vaefaehmk ekvq|ko fao `cbl|aao a||c|"bko: hcbc xm gqaxa qe mbta|kvmwc hkvanø|mhc {qa |a{qma|a ao bavk"ktc|va hc||ahvc| fao ,kqpmomc fmwmec,% Ok hceapmxvaehmko fagahvqcxk"hc||cbtmfk ax ,hcbtoavk,/ ec ,klxcoqvk,: ³tq|kbaeva bkva|mko c gmnq|kvmwk3%%% [qmaeax oc h|aae va|bfabcemykefc ok bkva|mk gâxmhk/ ocx xaevmfcx/ ok mbknmekhmøe %%%/ } tc| axc bqh`cx apta|vcx h|aae {qa okx vaevkhmceax a mefmkløomhcx qxke ok xaexmlmomfkf"mbknmekhmøe"gkevkxâk tk|k aphmvk| okx hcehqtmxhaehmkx %%% Ta|c vkblmíe xa kgm|bk {qa ao t|mtahkfc ax fa âefcoa ancmhk (ta|wa|xmøe }cmhk-9 ok Xcla|lmk } xqx fa|mwkfcx (c|nqooc/ t|atcvaehmk/ mexcoaehmk avh%-: oc {qa `hkqxkfc ok |alaomøe/ fa||cvk } ,hkâfk, fa ocx ëenaoax/ awaevc hok|kbaeva axtm|mvqko tc| fagmemhmøe t|ctmk+: tc| oc vkevc ec ba tt|qfaeva |afqhm| ok Omla|vkf k ok aoahhmøe kgahvkfk } kgahvmwk aev|a ao Lmae mea{qâwchc } okx fmxvmevkx gc|bkx fa bko: aoamnqkobaeva mea{qâwchk {qa xøoc xa hcbtomhk } fmgmhqovk falmfc k ok fa|mwkhmøe apmxvaehmko `khmk ao Bko (<*< 26%%%/ cthmøe ùemhk-%

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 h|aâk }c {qa ao c|nqooc"xcla|lmk a|k ao tahkfc bëx n|kwa xanùe ok fchv|mek bc|ko hkvøomhk v|kfmhmceko: kqe{qa ae ocx Awkenaomcx/ Iaxùx kekva,tahkfc hcev|k ao Axtâ|mvq Xkevc, hcbc ao ùemhc {qa ec xa|ë ta|fcekfc ae axva bqefc em ae ao cv|c% Tc| cv|k tk|va/ ae qek t|afmhkhmøe wkvmhkek |ahmaeva/ Hkevkokbaxxk xcxvmaea {qa oc tac| ax ok ,`mtch|axâk,%%% Xme fqfk konqek hcewmaea `kha|oa hkxc k Iaxùx/ ta|c axvcx v|ax vmtcx fa ,tahkfc, vmaeae konc ae hcb

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 124/184

 

Mnqkok| ,omla|vkf } wcoqevkf, xm|wa tk|k faxvkhk| ao |co t|cvknøemhc fa ok wcoqevkf }cmhk fahmxmceko/ kqe{qa ae |mnc| xce fcx mexvkfmxvmevkx/ xake oc {qa xake %%% Ocx v|ax vmtcx fa omla|vkf {qa ío faxh|mla ktc|vke/ {qmyëx tc| way t|mba|k/ qe |ahcechmbmaaxtahv|c mevan|ko fa ok omla|vkf/ faxfa oc øevmhc"hkvanø|mhc `kxvk oc gaecbíemhc hce xqx hkqxkomxbcx: kbtomkefc ao |kenc hcehmaehmk"|axtcexkloa k ocx agahvcx c hcexahqaehmkx fa okx t|ctmkx fahmxmceax/ konc lkxvkeva clwmc tk|k ok baevkomfkf ívmhk kta|c tchc v|kvkfc kevkûc%Ok hqaxvmøe fa ok ,mefmga|aehmk, fao khvc oml|a"wcoqevk|mc tcea ae ao vktava ok hqkomfkf cevcoønmhk fa axvk gkhqovkf keâ|at|axaevkefc ok mbknae ({qa }k hcbaevk|k- fao ,khvc tq|c fa omla|vkf, {qa tk|k xa| vko } tk|k xa| tq|kbaeva oml|a/ `bkemgaxvk|xa hqko cthmøe aev|a ocx fcx tcocx fa qek kova|ekvmwk xmbív|mhk c ,mnqkomvk|mk,/ tc|{qa xm `k} {qa axhcna| aev|a oc lqoc bkoc/ aev|a oc {qa ae fagmemvmwk ecx hcewmaea } oc {qa ecx ta|iqfmhk c ,hcefaek,/ ec `k} ,omla|vkf tq|k, c xøoc ok `k} aia|hmhmc bc|ko ombmvkfc/ kgahvkfc/ fkûkfc tc| ocx bkoax apmxvaehmkoax ( omla|vkf fa a{qmwchkhmøe va|bmek xmaefc xmeøemb

cgqxhkhmøe c mbta|gahhmøe/ ec cthmøe bc|ko-% Ta|c ao hcehatvc fa kova|ekvmwkx klxcoqvkbaeva tq|kx c ,xmbív|mhkx, xøoc xa aevae ao tokec klxv|khvc fa qe hcxbcx âfab } ta|gahvkbaeva fqkomxvk/ ae ava|ec a{qmoml|mc } vko way xøoc hce"bcwmfc tc| mbta|gahhktk|aevax {qa hcev|ktceae ocx tcocx fa okx kova|ekvmwkx avh%: v|kfmhmceko bmvc t|a"`mxvø|mhc {qa xqlxmxva ae konqekx kevmnqkx |aomnmcxmfkfax% Fa vcfcx bcfcx/ axva bmvc xmbav|mxvk hcewmaea aevaefa|oc ae xq |kây txâ{qmhk/ tc|{qa ok mbknae fa ok kova|ekvmwk} tq|kbaeva xmbív|mhk ax qe wa|xmøe xaxnkfk {qa axvë ae ao hc|kyøe fao txm{qmxbc c K%H%T%9 ao ,axtaic, keva ok mfaevmfkf }cmhkova|ekvmwk k"xmnemgmhkeva va|bmek xmaefc qe ,cliavc ae xâ, } xq |agoaic axtahqok| {qa ,ktk|aha k ok hcehmaehmk, hcbc qe kovcliavc/ qek moqxmøe kova|ekvmwk/ qe xanqefc cliavc {qa "vabk tc| fmoqhmfk|" falmaxa vaea| konqek hk|khva|âxvmhk fmxvmevk/ ktahqomk|mfkf {qa ta|bmva ok moqxmøe fa a{qmtk|k|oc ko cliavc c|mnmeko/ vko {qa ok hcehmaehmk xmaevk ok eahaxmfkf fa ctvk| aev|a aoocv|c% ³Hqëo ax fmh`k fmga|aehmk3%%%/ c baic| fmh`c9 ³høbc kt|ahmk ok hcehmaehmk mevaoahvmwk } |a"goapmwk ok fmxvmehmøe aev|a qek aevxq mbknae |agoaik t|mbk|mk3%%% \axtqaxvk t|clkloa9%" ao ,axtaic, ec axvë ,|akobaeva, keva ao cliavc/ xmec ae ao K%H%T% fao txm{qmxbc hcexhmaeva {qa oc hcecha% Ta|c axvc ax xqliavmwmxb%" ao ,axtaic, axvë vkevc ae ok axv|qhvq|k tk|kføimhk fao cliavc/ hqkevc ae ao K%H%T% {qa oc |a"hcecha/ } axvc xâ hcehqa|fk hce ao B

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 ae ao hkt% 8%8 } xmnqmaevax/ ko kekomyk| ao vabk fao Anc ae |aokhmøe ko K%H%T%/ ktk|aha ekvq|kobaeva ok mbtc|vkehmk fa ,kt|cwah`k|, ok |aga|at|axaehmk H|âxvmhk } H|mxvchíev|mhk xqxvmvq}aefc c v|kexgc|bkefc ko Anc (chqtkefc xq hcefmhmøe- tk|k tcvaehmk| } toaemgmhk| ae t|mba|k mexvkehmk ko ]c } tc| apvko txm{qmxbc mefmwmfqko/ k ok tk|kfcik txâ{qmhk c mefmwmfqc apmxvaeva%%S,%%% Jma|jankk|f awmfaehmø ok komaekhmøe {qa |axqovk fa wmwm| fa tq|k apva|mc|mfkf/ xmabt|a } xøoc ae t|axaehmk fa ocx `cbl|ax/ } eqehk xøoc ae t|axaehmk fa Fm

 t|ctmc }c% Qe |a} "clxa|wk" tqafa xa| qe }c g|aeva k ocx xùlfmvcx } xa xaevm|ë qe ,}c, mbtc|vkeva %%% %%% Ao emûc xa ta|hmla ,}c, ae |aokhmøe hce ocx tkf|ax/ qe hmqkeva ao Axvkfc %%% Ta|c xa|ë xmabt|a qe ,}c, mbta|gahvc/ tc|{qa gkovk ok bafmfk% ,[qí |akomfkf megmemvk kf{qma|a ae hkblmc bm ,}c,/ hqkefc vcbk hcehmaehmk fkeva Fmcx/ hcewm|vmíefcxa ae qe ,}c, `qbkec hq}k bafmfk ax Fmcx %%% «[qí khaevc megmemvc hka xcl|a ao ,}c, ae ao bcbaevc ae {qa clvmaea hcbc bafmfk k FTk|aha qe hcbaevk|mc ko fmh`c fa Xke G|kehmxhc fa Kxâx9 ,Oc {qa ao cbl|a ax keva Fmcx/ axc ax/ } ekfk bëx,,%%%, %S% T% \kema|c Hkevkokbaxxk ;4#8#<44> YAEMV%c

Ecvk9 axva vmtc fa aoqhql|khmceax klxv|khvkx/ {qa k bqh`cx tk|aha|ëe meeahaxk|mkx c mexa|wmloax/ ta|bmvae t|ahmxk| favkooax kfmhmcekoax fao bcfaoc vaø|txm{qmxbc } |akomfkf {qa xa abtoak/ xak hqko xak: } tc| aefa ec xce aevaoa{qmkx meùvmoax c hceiavq|kx hkthmcxkx: kqe hqkefc ec ooanëxabcx k hcehoqxmøe konqeao {qí ax c ae {qí hcexmxva ok ,omla|vkf,%

Ok omla|vkf `qbkek (oml|a kolaf|âc c oc {qa xak- hcev|ktqaxvk k ocx xqtqaxvcx fava|bmemxbcx ekvq|ko"bkva|mkoax/ apt|axk qekok|nkbaeva xqta|kfk tc| ocx kwkehax fa ok hmaehmk gâxmhk ({qa fmxcowmø `kha |kvc ok h|aaehmk ae ao bahkemhmxbc } fava|bme

ekvq|ko- } tc| ok wmxmøe mevan|ko {qa |ahcecha ko `cbl|a hcbc qe xa| ,fa fcx bqefcx,/ hce ocx tmax xcl|a ok vma||k } ok hklaykhmaoc %%% Faxn|khmkfkbaeva/ ok bk}c| tk|va fa ocx bafmcx fa hcbqemhkhmøe } fa okx mexvmvqhmceax khkfíbmhkx/ axvëe |anmfkx teac"bkva|mkomxbc vke |av|øn|kfc/ a||øeac } ta|emhmcxc hcbc xqx kevahaxc|ax: } bkevmaeae ao falkva ko xce fa ocx bmxbcx a{qâ} t|aiqmhmcx%] k`c|k qek n|ke hqaxvmøe {qa tchc c ekfk `a hcbaevkfc9 ok vaefaehmk ekvq|ko fao `cbl|a ko lmae/ k ok toaemvqf/ k ok klxcoqXqbc Lmae {qa ax Fmcx9 ko |axtahvc ok fchv|mek hkvøomhk ax hok|k ko |ahcecha| {qa ok h|mkvq|k ooawk ok mbt|cevk fao H|akfc| aexaevmfc9 faxfa ok kekocnâk gc|bko } gmnq|kvmwk (,ao `cbl|a k mbknae } xabaikeyk fa Fmcx,- {qa hk|khva|myk mbta|gatcvaehmkobaeva xq hcefmhmøe fa  t|c}ahvc c aeva apmxvaehmko"`mxvø|mhc/ hce ao xqlxahqaeva fmëocnc } hcegomhvc aev|a axvk faxvmexqta|mc|  } ocx kxtahvcx hc||cbtmfcx fa xq hcefmhmøe ,va||aeko, ({qa kgahvke ec xøoc k oc hc|tc|ko"gâxmhc/ xmec k xq mevanbkemgmaxvk } tcxmloa+-/ `kxvk ok khaevqkhmøe/ mevaexmgmhkhmøe } tcvaehmkomykhmøe fa fmh`k kekocnâk ae hokwa gmekomxvk/ v|kx ao n|ke hkbk|hkfc tc| ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc {qa v|kexgc|bk ao ,xaevmfc, fa ok `mxvc|mk hcoahvmwk a mefmwmfqko% Ao t|cloabk ktk|aha hqxa hm|hqexh|mla/ khcvk c kfahqk ok echmøe fa Omla|vkf Bc|ko k fmh`k ,gmekomfkf,/ tc|{qa xa vmaefa hce fabkxmkfk gkhmomfapv|ktcok| ao gme#gmeko ae lkxa k eqaxv|k khvqko hcefmhmøe/ ,mbknmekefc, ok toaemvqf c Wmfk Ava|ek ae hokwa bëx lmae |afqhvmwk: t

xa ok hcbtk|k hce axa |aokvmwc hkcx"faxc|fae apmxvaehmko c ,va||aeko, fcefa ao aia|hmhmc fa ok omla|vkf"wcoqevkf nkxvk lqaek tkxqx gqa|ykx } ,aea|nâkx, ae xc|vak| clxvëhqocx/ awmvk| ,hkâfkx, } xqta|k| mbta|gahhmceax {qa clxvkhqomyke ok t|cn|axmøe `khmk ok} kxâ xa va|bmek xqtcemaefc {qa ok toaemvqf ax qe axvkfc ta|gahvc/ apvëvmhc } axvëvmhc %%%/ fcefa ecx mevan|kbcx "t|awmk tq|mgmhkta|gahhmcekbmaevc" k Fmcx } k xq ta|gahvc/ klxcoqvc a mebqvkloa c|fae haoaxvmko %%% (ao axtahv|c fao em|wkek %%%-% Ta|c xa hcegqklxcoqvay hce ao haxa fa vcfc bcwmbmaevc t|cn|axmwc/ h|akvmwc/ mewaevmwc %%%%S,%%% ok laooayk fa ok ava|emfkf hcexmxva ae {qa ec ax qek |akomfkf axvëvmhk/ xmec qe t|cn|axc mebaexc ae ok mebaexk laooayk fa Fmcx %%%, %S Laeafmhvc PWM (>#1#<44

] kxâ/ ok ,omla|vkf, ax gmekobaeva aevaefmfk hqko gkhqovkf tq|kbaeva apmxvaehmko/ {qa xøoc vmaea xaevmfc ,ae ok vma||k, c bkva|mkomfkf `mxvø|mhk hcbc qek gkhqovkf {qa ta|bmva ao ,iqanc bc|ko, } ec hcbc oc {qa |akobaeva ax9 ok |aokhmøe aev|a ao mefmecbmeko"}cmhc ' hcexhmaeva } xq |axtqaxvk k ok mewmvkhmøe {qa oml|abaeva fm|mna ao H|akfc| k ok omla|vkf |agoaik } tk|vmhqok| h|mkvq|k: oqanc fa kxqbm| xq hcefmhmøe bkva|mko tk|k xqta|k| ae } tc| xâ bmxbc ok fan|kfkhmøe ae ok hqko `klâk oml|abaeva mehq} aevcehax tmaexc eqawkbaeva ae k{qaoocx ëenaoax {qa xa ,|alaok|ce,%%%/ ta|c xm lmae axa ,|ahqa|fc, tk|ahma|k hcegm|bkvkblmíe ae ao tokec axtm|mvqko"tq|c } vko way bavkgâxmhc ax tcxmloa hma|vk gc|bk fa Oml|a Kolaf|âc/ íxva xanqm|âk xmaefc xø

tcxmlmomfkf fa a||c|, (ok tcxmlmomfkf eankvmwk fa ec xmabt|a axhcna| ta|gahvkbaeva aev|a ok cthmøe kgm|bkvmwk } xqx wa|xmcea

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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wa|vmfkx: oc hqko xqtcea {qa `k} qek lk||a|k } fmxvkehmk hqkomvkvmwk aev|a ao Lmae } ok hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko/ tc|{qa ok tcxmlmomfaoahhmøe faxhk|vk `k}k qemfkf a mevan|khmøe aev|a ao aeva apmxvaeva } xq tcvaehmkomfkf fa xa|/ hcbc agahvmwkbaeva chq||ahcexmfa|k| kùe ok hqaxvmøe fa ok ,h|akvmwmfkf,% Axva vmtc fa mfaevmgmhkhmøe aev|a ok Toaemvqf } ok hcbqemøe apvëvmhk } axvëvmhk hceba tk|aha {qa tahk fa aphaxmwc faâxbc/ cowmfkefc tchc c bqh`c/ {qa ec axvkbcx `klokefc fa qe Fmcx klxv|khvc } kiaec/ xmeFmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec/ hq}c @mic Qemníemvc/ {qa ax ao Wa|lc h|akfc|/ kxqbmø ok hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko `qbkek bk|hkehkblmc axaehmko } apmxvaehmko: ao Fmcx v|memvk|mc hq}k fmeëbmhk ,meva|ek } apva|ekomykeva, hkqxk ao qemwa|xc"hcxbcx/ bafmkeva qetoaec fa h|akvmwmfkf {qa ax oml|a } {qa ax tq|c kbc| : } ae hcexahqaehmk hqkomgmhk k xq h|mkvq|k hqobmekeva "ao xa| `qbkeckekocnâk hcehafmfk/ fa Wmfk/ Kbc| } Omla|vkf% Ok vaefaehmk ekvq|ko ko Lmae ax ok lkxa fa ok bc|ko h|mxvmkek (`qbkek ae naea|koxq wmxmøe fa ocx fa|ah`cx } fala|ax `qbkecx/ } fa axk bc|ko ekvq|ko {qa ae axvcx vmabtcx vkevc xa mewchk/ kha|vkctc|vqekbaeva/ tk|k cg|aha| ko `cbl|a } k okx hcbqemfkfax qek hok|mfkf xqgmhmaeva xcl|a okx n|kwax kbaekykx fa ok kevm"hqovq

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tc| xq wmehqokhmøe âevmbk hce eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe fa h|mkvq|kx k mbknae } xabaikeyk fa eqaxv|c H|akfc|% Tc|{qa kqe{qafchv|meøocncx ec oax kn|kfk fahm|oc (tc|{qa vabae taexk|oc %%%-/ taexk| {qa Fmcx ecx `myc bc|kobaeva oml|ax xøoc tk|k fk|etcxmlmomfkf fa hcefaek|ecx/ xa|âk qe klxq|fc hcev|kfmhvc|mc hce ok mfak bmxbk fa Fmcx ta|xceko {qa ax tq|c kbc|: } vkbxkvmxgkha xqtcea| {qa axk omla|vkf xak ok  t|qalk fa gqanc {qa kxâ hcbc tcxmlmomvk ao `c||c| fa ok hcefaekhmøe/ vkblmíe ta|bmva{qa xa|âk mnqkobaeva kiaec k eqaxv|cx tcl|ax bí|mvcx9 ok xkowkhmøe/ ok Wmfk Ava|ek/ ao kohkeyk| ok toaemvqf ae hcbqemøe hce Ffmxg|qvkefc qek ava|ek hcefmhmøe faâgmhk tk|vmhqok| ta|c hcexmxvaeva (hcbc fmhmaefc9 xqbc a meba|ahmfc t|abmc/ xqbc |maxnc-fa axvc `k} %%%/ ta|c ec kxâ/ tc|{qa ec xa aevmaefa {qa Fmcx ta|gahvc } fa tq|c kbc|/ ta|gahvkbaeva oml|a } xme tcxmlmomfkf fa a,bko,/ h|aa qe c|fae qemwa|xko } høxbmhc {qa k hqaevk c k hcxvk fa axk tcxmlmomfkf fa khhafa| k ok toaemvqf/ mbtomhk ok tcxmlhma|vk fa ok ava|ek hcefaekhmøe+%%% K bqh`cx v|ke{qmomyk/ hcbtokha } xkvmxgkha taexk|oc kxâ/ ta|c ec k bâ } ae axva vmtc fa hqaxv`k} {qa xa| xqbkbaeva xmeha|cx% ³Aevcehax3%%%/ aevcehax hkxm hcehoq}c {qa `k} qe t|cloabk xabëevmhc c fa va|bmecocnâk %%%/ xm axvqwmíxabcx `klokefc fa fcx t|mehmtmcx fmxvmevcx/ kblcx hkomgmhkfcx fa Omla|vkf% Tc|{qa ok vaefaehmk ekvq|ko ko lmae } ko Lmae ({qa ae gc|bkx a mevaexmfkfax fmwa|xkx hqkomgmhk } hk|khva|myk ok h|akhmøe aeva|k hcbc bq} lmae oc kfwm|vma|k Xke Tklfalmaxa |afqhm| ,vcfk, ok Omla|vkf k xmbtoa Omla|vkf Bc|ko/ } íxvk k ok xmbtoa tcxmlmomfkf fa awmvk| ao a||c| c ,tahkfc, (ok vaevkhok Xa|tmaeva k ok t|cvc"tk|aik tk|kfmxâkhk ax fa qek n|ke hcbtoaimfkf/ tc|{qa hcblmek } bayhok bafmkx wa|fkfax hce bbaevm|kx: khvqkomfkfax hce tcxmlmomfkfax/ xanq|mfkfax } |maxncx avh%-%] ao Wa|lc Fmwmec ae ta|xcek fmic } fmha9 , ok Wa|fkf oax `k|ë oml|ax,/ } oc khok|k9 ,]c xc} ao hkbmec/ ok wa|fkf } ok wmfk,: tc| aefata|xcek xa t|axaevk hcbc ok Wa|fkf } ecx nk|kevmyk ok Omla|vkf: `kha|ecx oml|a/ `kha| {qa xakbcx oml|ax: oml|ax fa ok , axhokwmv

 tahkfc (bqa|va-,: oml|ax tk|k |ahc||a| ao Hkbmec {qa hcefqha k ok Wmfk/ oml|ax tk|k xmvqk|oc k Ío ae ao haev|c fa eqaxv|k whcexmxvaehmk tk|k ae hma|vc bcfc xa| hcbc Ío } kxâ/ |akomyk| ok tcvaehmkomfkf fa eqaxv|k hqkomfkf } hcefmhmøe wm|vqko fa Mbknchcbtk|vmaefc tc| ,kekocnâk/ |agoaic } n|khmk hce"hafmfk, vkblmíe ok tcvaxvkf fa ok omla|vkf khvmwk } t|c"khvmwk% ] axvc ec oc xtmaexc em mbknmec hcbc ao axvkfc fa qek axtahma fa ta|gahvk axvkvqk ta|gahvk } ava|ekbaeva xce|maeva ae c fa lakvmvqf bëxmec konc bëx %%% Xí {qa axvk axtahma fa ,clxaxmøe, tc| |axhkvk| ao t|mehmtmc fa Omla|vkf } kbtomgmhk|oc c tcvaehmk|oc `khmk oc h|axa c|mnmek ae bm hm|hqexvkehmk apmxvaehmko hce xqx hk|aehmkx } xqaûcx/ } hce bm kgmhmøe t|cgaxmceko } abchmceko `khmk oc k|vâxvmhh|akvmwc/ oc mewaevmwc (faxfa ok k|{qmvahvq|k `kxvk okx k|vax toëxvmhkx/ mehoq}aefc ok omva|kvq|k-: ta|c aooc ec mewkomfk/ xmec {qa kxgqefkbaevk hce qe |aga|aeva |ako axvc {qa xme aooc xa|âk tq|k axtahqokhmøe klxv|khvk: wëomfk cliavmwkbaeva ta|c b

,meva|axkeva, } baecx t|cgqefk (baecx ta|xceko-%7%;%84%76%> \axtahvc k Lk|qh` Xtmecyk9Xtmecyk/ hq}cx ktc|vax gmocxøgmhc"hqovq|koax k ok `qbkemfkf ba tk|ahae bëx {qa fqfcxcx/ tc| ec fahm| eankvmwcx/ tcxvqok axkfa fava|bmemxbc ekvq|komxvk hcev|k ao hqko xa koyk Oamlemvy/ {qmae wkoc|myk ao t|mehmtmc fa tcvaehmkomfkf me`a|aeva/ xanùe íekvq|koayk meva|ek } apva|ek ko mefmwmfqc (ok echmøe fa ,gqvq|c,-/ kqe{qa hcbc lqae mfakomxvk t|axvk axhkxk c eqok kvaehmøe ko Gfa Mbta|gahhmøe (} k ocx gkhvc|ax fa |akomfkf ae naea|ko-%7%;%84%76%0 \axtahvc k Jkev 9Jkev ktc|vk ae hkblmc qek meva|axkeva khok|khmøe ko fmxvmenqm| aev|a ok axga|k fa oc ekvq|ko c gaecbíemhc/ fcefa t|mbkfava|bmemxbcx gâxmhcx/ } ao |amec bc|ko"axtm|mvqko: ta|c ec clxvkeva fmh`k fmxvmehmøe xm|wk tk|k aehkqyk| ao fmxhq|xc/ xa hcegqxmcek|mk } a{qâwchk xm fa aook hcehoqmbcx {qa `k} ,fcx hkbtcx fa |akomfkf, (fqkomxbc-: taomn|c {qa ío kfwma|va kqe{xqlxahqaeva aptomhkhmøe tk|aha mexqgmhmaeva: gkovkefc "hcbc xmabt|a"/ qe kqvíevmhc aegc{qa mevan|ko c tk|kføimhc {qa xak konc{qa ok wcoqevkf fa mevan|k|% Tc|{qa ao ,|amec ekvq|ko, ec ax qek |akomfkf me xa } ta| xa: xmec ok t|c}ahhmøe/ bkemgaxvkhmøe/ apt|a,T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe, fa ok tcvaehmk wa|lko c gc|bko#axtm|mvqko% Xm ec oc aevaefabcx kxâ/ ok ,|akomfkf"bqefc, xanqm|âk xma

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tk|a ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva" qek axtahma fa hkbtc fa lkvkook/ apt|axmøe ec fa qe toke/ t|c}ahvc } khvc ae hq|xc fa khvqkomyk,|akomykhmøe,/ xmec fa qek axtahma fa hcxbcx ax{qmycmfa c fa qek |akomfkf `qbkek hcev|kfmhvc|mk/ hce ao `cbl|a ,bmvkf labmvkf ëenao, {qa eqehk xkla {qí `kha| hce xqx fcx ,tk|vax, (|at|mbm| qek k gkwc| fa ok cv|k/ xqlombk| oc mega|mc| tk|k mnqkok|xqta|mc| / k|bcemyk| kblkx avh%-: oc hqko hcefqha k okx |aomnmcxmfkfax t|a"`mxvø|mhkx fqkomxvkx {qa }k hcechabcx (xak {qa kekvaoc bkva|mko/ c ae wa|xmøe kevmvívmhk eankvmwk"bcfa|emxvk/ emanqae ok |akomfkf fa oc axtm|mvqko } xkh|komhae oc gâxmhc-%K vcfc axvc kevmhmtc qek t|anqevk {qa v|kvk|í bëx kfaokeva9 ³ tc|{qí vkevk t|achqtkhmøe tc| ok ,tkokl|k omla|vkf, 3%%%/ ³tc| konem xm{qma|k xklabcx {qí ax/ høbc aevaefa|oc/ høbc wmwm|oc3%%% @k fa `kla| qek |kyøe bq} tcfa|cxk/ tc| xcl|a axk gaecbaect|ëhvmhk fa ok omla|vkf {qa ta|bmva aevaefa|ok tc| hcbtk|khmøe eankvmwk (xklabcx bq} lmae {qí `ah`cx/ hcefmhmceax c |axv|mhhmbtmfae {qa aia|ykbcx hma|vkx ktomhkhmceax axtahâgmhkx fa axa ,xa| oml|a,: } aooc ecx `kha xqtcea| {qa xm haxk|ke vcfkx okx k gahh{qa ,mbtmfae xa| } `kha| hcxkx,/ xa|âkbcx oml|ax% Ta|c9 ³oml|ax fa {qí3%%%/ ³oml|ax tk|k {qí3%%%/ ³tk|k `kha| hqko{qma| hcxk3%%%/

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Ec ax bqh`c oc {qa ,xkhc ae ombtmc, hce ok mfak fa Xh`aoomen fa ok  tcxmlmomfkf / ta|c kl|a tqa|vkx/ cg|aha tmxvkx/ } ta|bmva txaevm|/ mbknmek| konc bëx } konc baic| ao bmxva|mc fa ok h|akhmøe fmwmek %%% Hcegmaxc konc9 ao bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf Fmwmek ba mevgkxhmek ec hcbc hqaxvmøe vaø|mhk xmec ta|xceko (bâk } fa vcfcx ocx `qbkecx/ tc|{qa ecx mewcoqh|k k vcfcx xme aphathmøe+-: } axok ,tcxmlmomfkf tq|k, ba `kha xaevm| tc| way t|mba|k qe vaeqa ta|c xqxvkehmcxc t|axaevmbmaevc fa |axtqaxvk lmae aehkbmekfkclwmkbaeva ec hkmnc ae ao a||c| fa xmbtomgmhk| ok Omla|vkf ae klxv|khvc/ hcbc xmeøembc fa ,vcfkx okx tcxmlmomfkfax {qa xce tcxtc|{qa fmh`k xcoqhmøe ax ok hcev|ktk|va txmhc"gmocxøgmhk ko fava|bmemxbc bahëemhc9 ao mefava|bmemxbc klxcoqvc %%%/ mfak ,|cbëbq} n|kvk k baevkomfkfax c vabta|kbaevcx k|vâxvmhcx c bq} h|akvmwcx+%%%/ } {qa vmaea xq lqaek fcxmx fa wa|fkf kqe{qa ec hceax{qabkvmyk|ok ae fabkxâk em |khmcekomyk|ok kevmhmtkfkbaeva tc|{qa hcefqha k fa|mwkhmceax vke taomn|cxkx } tcxmloaba{qâwchkx hcbc ao h|aa|/ tc| ai%/ {qa hqkefc Fmcx ,xa kt|axvk k h|ak| ao qemwa|xc"hcxbcx, vmaea keva xâ qe hkbtc megmemtcxmlmomfkfax %%%,: axhaek|mc tq|kbaeva `qbkec"va||aeko {qa |afqha ok hkvanc|âk fa ocx t|mehmtmcx } ví|bmecx mewcoqh|kfc

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 129/184

 

k bafmfk {qa apmxva/ ax ha|hkec k ok echmøe fa tcvaehmk"wm|vqkomfkf h|mxvmkek-/ ta|c `k fa xa| qe axtaimxbc %%%/ hcexmfa|kekwa|xmøe fa Xk|v|a `khmk ok bavkgâxmhk |aomnmcxk } ao v|kxhaefaevkomxbc% (ec tqafc xkhk|ba fa ok hklayk ao |ahqa|fc fa J% Xkbmfaøocnc fao J`ba| \cqna } xqx `c||c|ax mega|ekoax/ {qmae t|cgaxk|k xq kt|ahmc tc| I%T% Xk|v|a: taexkfc| {qa ba |axqovk kevmt`kxvk tc| xqx apv|kûcx |cbkehax hce X% fa Lakqwcm|: kqe{qa |ahcecyhc {qa gqa qe aphaoaeva f|kbkvq|nc/ kqe{qa ,bko kembTc| oc fabëx ao hcegqxmcemxbc kf{qma|a wmxcx fa kqvíevmhk apkna|khmøe } qek way bëx "ta|føeaxaba ok mexmxvaehmk ta|c eqefabkxmkfc"/ ba t|anqevc ,føefa ' høbc, axvë Xk|v|a hqkefc `klok fa oc cevcoønmhc } oc apmxvaehmko: xmaefc awmfaeva {qa xmvùk em ae qe hkbtc em ae ao cv|c/ tc|{qa xm oc `mhma|k } fkfc {qa |ah`kyk vcfk tcxmlmomfkf fa mevan|komfkf klxcoqvk"v|kxhaefaetcf|âk apt|axk|xa fa kblcx ví|bmecx xmbqovëeakbaeva/ hcbc oc `kha (k ec xa| {qa t|avaefma|k tcxaa| qek baeva klxcfmwmek+%%%-% Oëxvmbk {qa mfaevmgmhk|k vke hok|kbaeva ao t|mehmtmc fa ok tcvaehmkomfkf } oc bkocn|k|k ko |afqhm| vcfk xq wmxmøemebkeaevmxbc/ k qe apmxvaehmkomxbc vke tcl|a/ hmanc/ bc|vko } ae fagmemvmwk klxq|fc: axa bmxbc klxq|fc {qa |axqovk vke hcee

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tk|vmhqok| ok hcefmhmøe fa axk bavk"omla|vkf/ ec ae xâ (ec xcbcx Fmcx- xmec tc| xq agahvc |agoaic {qa hcechabcx tc| xa| agahvkhvc {qa ok khvqkomyk (ok H|akhmøe- } tc| vaea| xq mbt|cevk gc|bko } xmxvíbmhk/ tc|{qa ao H|akfc| ecx `myc } `kha k xq ,mbkxabaikeyk,% ] aevcehax taexabcx/ ax oc {qa xa ba chq||a %%%/ {qa fmh`c khvc xqt|abc fa omla|vkf h|akvmwk ax meaevaefmloa hc||aokvc9 ao Kbc|% Omla|vkf } Kbc|/ axc ecx xkowk fa okx moqxmceax fava|bmemxvkx/ bahkemhmxvkx/ abkekevmxvkx/ klxv|khhmcemxvkx: xkowk fao klxq|fc%

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hctmkx mbknmekvmwkx fa aevmfkfax |akoax c hcegmnq|khmceax |akoax ta|hmlmfkx% Ax oc {qa mevaeví hqaxvmcek| ae ok t|mba|k tk|va faaexk}c: ta|c xmnqa xmaefc qe bmvc"a||c| hkxm qemwa|xkobaeva khatvkfc } tc| oc vkevc k`c|k ba ombmvc k hcexmnek| {qa ae ocx ,iqfa gkevkxâk, vaef|âkbcx ok apt|axmøe bëx |kfmhko fa ,omla|vkf tq|k,/ faev|c fao ax{qabk bahkemhmxvk"fava|bmemxvk: ta|c vkbwkoa tc|{qa tk|k axvk| ae axva t|afmhkbaevc `k} {qa kwkok| fmh`c ax{qabk } xqx bcfaocx fa |akomfkf/ {qa emanke vcfk tcxmlfa omla|vkf tq|k } fa kqvíevmhk hc"h|akvmwmfkf%l%" ok fa ocx aevax k"hcexhmaevax9Xce okx tk|vax } c tk|vâhqokx {qa hcexvmvq}ae ok |akomfkf"bqefc xanùe ok h|aaehmk bkva|mkomxvk hoëxmhk9 nkokpmkx } ëvcbcx/ bcoíhíoqokx } t|cvctk|vâhqokx c xqltk|vâhqokx: qe ,bqefc ombmvkfc, {qa ae xqx hcegmnq|khmceax k"hcexhmaevax ec bqaxv|k xaûko konq,omla|vkf, ae xaevmfc konqec% V|ëvaxa fa tmaf|kx c kembkoax c xmxvabkx ahcoønmhcx/ ec kt|ahmkbcx oml|a kolaf|âc c h|akvmwmfkf{qa xa aevmaefk9 ae ok ta|xtahvmwk bkva|mko"fava|bmemxvk"bahkemhmxvk xa hqaxvmcek ao t|mehmtmc fa omla|vkf mehoqxc ae ao gaeø

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Ax bëx/ hqko{qma|k {qa ,xatk iqnk| kiaf|ay, k emwao meva|bafmc (aphoq}c ocx clxaxmwcx } clxaxmcekevax vahemhmxbcx } ,hkohqomxbcocx apta|vcx {qa hcexvmvq}ae hkxm qek tkvcocnâk-/ xkla {qa qek tk|vmfk ax qe f|kbk {qa |a{qma|a ao faxk||cooc ec xøhcechmbmaevcx ktomhkfcx/ |kycekbmaevcx } axv|kvanmkx/ xmec fa qek khvmvqf txmhc"bc|ko mevan|ko {qa kfabëx t|cfqha qe kqví|aokvc fa qek `mxvc|mk: hq}k t|cn|axmøe ax qek hceiqehmøe fa tokevakbmaevcx/ t|ctøxmvcx/ mevaehmceax } ke`aocx ,abchmchkomgmhkfcx, (fa wkoc| ' xaevmfc-: ec apaevcx fa hceh|ahmceax axvmoâxvmhkx (tc| axc `qlc } `k} axvmocx fa kiaf|ay/ mehoq}ae,hoëxmhc, } ao ,|cbëevmhc,-% Aooc mbtomhk ao aia|hmhmc fa qe hceiqevc fa omla|vkfax lkxvkevax kbtomkx ta|c ec hkvanø|mhkx c klxcec ae hqkevc ko iqanc c oc iqnkfc ae xâ: xmec k ok |aokhmøe aev|a ao iqanc bmxbc } oc ,|akomykfc, tc| ao iqnkfc|: hq}kx khhmceax } mehoq}ae fahmxmceax } t|ctcxmhmceax fa ,omla|vkf |aokvmwk, (ombmvkfk c hcefmhmceko ae ví|bmecx cliavmwcx/ a mombmvkfk ae ao hceombmvkfc fao awaevc apmxvaehmko bmxbc-% Ta|c hcevmeùk xmaefc qek khvmwmfkf hm|hqexh|mvk k qe hkbtc fava|bmekfc c ,ha||kffmga|aehmk fa ok t|cfqhhmøe k|vâxvmhk {qa xm lmae ax mnqkobaeva ombmvkfk hcbc awaevc apmxvaehmko } ,bkva|mko,/ ktomhk wcoqe

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Axvc ae hqkevc ko {qa`kha| ,hqovq|ko,/ `klmaefc qe tokec apmxvaehmko t|afcbmekeva/ {qa ax ao fa ok Wmfk/ fcefa |mna ok Omla|vkfH|akvmwk: {qa ax tcxmlmomfkf mombmvkfk } vkblmíe mbta|kvmwc bc|ko mevan|ko (ívmhc/ hmaevâgmhc/ axvívmhc: mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwc/ tk|v} vcvko-% @kloc fa ok kqvíevmhk t|c"h|akhmøe/ hq}k bëpmbk apt|axmøe ax ok naea|khmøe ta|xceko fa ok wmfk `qbkek k mbkxabaikeyk fao H|akfc| fmwmec9 ae tq|k omla|vkf  } tc| tq|c kbc| : abtaykefc ae ok hcehathmøe lmcoønmhk% Gkl|mhk| abl|mctafmfc/ ae oklc|kvc|mcx {qâbmhcx } hce tkf|ax keøembcx/ ax qek n|kwa ta|wa|xmøe {qa hcexmxva ae klxv|khhmcek|  ok omla|vkfh|akvmwk xqxv|k}íefcoa/ apvm|tëefcoa xq klxcoqvkbaeva eahaxk|mk hcev|ktk|va iqxvmgmhkeva/ xmnemgmhkeva } xkowâgmhk9 ao Kbc|% T|khvvke mega|eko t|chafmbmaevc/ ok omla|vkf xa |afqha k qek t|kpmx k"xmnemgmhkeva/ ta|"wa|xk } gmekobaeva me"wa|xk9 ok bkemtqokhfaxv|qhhmøe fa abl|mceax/ gavcx/ |ahmíe ekhmfcx/ kfqovcx/ kehmkecx %%%: ok bqa|va faxkvkfk% Ax ok txaqfc } kevm"omla|vkf mega|ekokevm"|akomfkf fa qe bqefc"xme"kbc|: ae ao hqko ok Omla|vkf ax kem{qmokfk } xqxvmvqmfk tc| ok mbknae mewa|xk fa xâ: tc|{qa qek oml{qa ctvk tc| ok bqa|va ax tac| {qa ao tac| fa ocx omla|vmekiax%Khok|khmøe9 ao Kbc| ax qek tcvaehmk ae khvc/ qe khvc ae tcvaehmk/ qek gqa|yk megmemvk } klxcoqvk {qa Fmcx ktomhk/ fm|mna/ t|cbnaea|k ,ta|xcekobaeva, } {qa hqobmek ae ok h|akhmøe fa ok ta|xcek/ fa vcfkx okx ta|xcekx Mbknc Fam: qek ,aea|nâk, ava|ekb|aecwkloa/ |aecwkfk } |aecwkeva {qa faxtomank qek |akomfkf v|kx cv|k faxfa ao bmxbc  t|mehmtmc } c|mnae  wa|lko / ta|c hc

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 138/184

 

@k} ítchkx hqovq|kobaeva bëx ,hcexa|wkfc|kx,/ hce okx waevkikx } faxwaevkikx {qa aooc vmaea/ } cv|kx bëx ,|awcoqhmcek|mkx,/ fao mbtqoxc ko hkblmc xa hcewma|va ae clxaxmøe } hcbtqoxmøe bëx c baecx faxv|qhvmwk } fax{qmhmkeva (tc|{qa ao h|akhmceapv|abc ax qek cthmøe txmhc"bc|ko tk|kecmhk/ {qa lqxhk `kha| ,vklqok |kxk, fao tkxkfc } t|axaeva/ lc||kefc ok babc|mk `mxvmefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwk "qe mbtcxmloa eankvmwc" } hcewm|vmaefc ok |akomfkf apmxvaeva } hcexmxvaeva ae qek ,`cik ae lokehc,/ {qaax-% Axvk hk|mhkvq|k fa ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk xqaoa faik| n|kefax faxkxv|ax txmhc"bc|koax } xchmc"hqovq|koax/ } vkblmíe kot|cn|axcx kqvíevmhcx/ hcbc vkblmíe ocx `k} ae okx gkxax hcexa|wkhmcemxvkx: tc|{qa ao mbtqoxc a mexvmevc hc"h|akvmwc ec xa faeqehk fao vcfc (kqe{qa `k}k {qmaeax kxâ oc {qa||âke- em xa khaoa|k klxcoqvkbaeva `khmaefc faxhk||mook| } faxhk||mk| ok `(kqe{qa `k} {qmaeax oc mevaevke } hkxm oc hcexmnqae-%Eøvaxa {qa ao txmhcocnmxbc bkva|mkomxvk } ao gmxmcocnmxbc kekomyke ok txmhc"tkvcocnâk fa ok khhmøe h|akvmwk (} fao k|vmxvk- } gmaoaxt|aiqmhmcx mfacoønmhcx } a||c|ax bavcfcoønmhcx/ hcehoq}ae {qa ec `k} omla|vkf konqek ae aooc: } {qa Bcyk|v hcbtcemaef

hcehma|vc E´ <4 ax vke (ekfk- oml|a hcbc qe bkef|mo fagahkefc% Ta|c mehoqxc faev|c fa xq ta|vmeky a||c| cowmfke ,ah`k| qe wmxvkocx g|qvcx fa axkx khhmceax/ } hcexvkvk| xm "tc| xa| agahvcx fa qe awaevc ec|bko } ekvq|ko faev|c fa ok v|kbk c hkfaek fava|bmaxcx g|qvcx c |axqovkfcx xce tk|va hcexvmvqvmwk fa ok ec|bkomfkf fava|bmekfk } t|a"fava|bmekfk fa oc apmxvaeva/ c xm ktk|aha kxaûko fa ,ecwafkf cliavmwk, (vkblmíe cowmfke/ hcbc xmabt|a/ t|anqevk|xa xcl|a ao ,høbc, tqafa konqmae eank| ok omla|vkf } `bafmkeva qe khvc {qa/ fa xa| hma|vk axk kgm|bkhmøe/ ec xa|âk oml|a+-%Ae fagmemvmwk9 ³tcfabcx fahm| konc bëx ae |aga|aehmk ko n|ke bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk3%%%Vko way/ ta|c }c ec %%% (ec xí {qa bëx fahm|/ kqe{qa xí {qí `kha| tk|k ,tcea|ok ae t|ëhvmhk,-: aphatvc |amva|k| {qa ax ao t|cvmtc fa omla|vkf baecx axvqfmkfc tc| ocx n|kefax gmoøxcgcx%%S,%%% ao `cbl|a {qa xa klkefcek vcvkobaeva ae okx bkecx fa Fmcx ec xa hcewma|va ae qe vâva|a fa Fmcx/ (em- ae qek ta|xcek klq||mfk } hcegc|bmxvk: (}- ec tmomla|vkf% Xøoc ao cbl|a {qa xa tcea vcvkobaeva ae bkecx fa Fmcx aehqaev|k ok wa|fkfa|k omla|vkf/ ok kbtomvqf n|kefa } h|akvmwk fa ok omla|vkf fao lmae% Ao cbxa fm|mna `khmk Fmcx ec xa `kha bëx ta{qaûc/ xmec bëx n|kefa/ tc|{qa n|khmkx k Fmcx } iqevc hce ío xa `kha n|kefa/ xa `kha fmwmec/ ooank k xa| wa|fkfa|kbbmxbc% Ao `cbl|a {qa xa tcea ae bkecx fa Fmcx ec xa koaik fa ocx fabëx/ |avm|ëefcxa k xq xkowkhmøe t|mwkfk: ko hcev|k|mc/ xøoc aevcehax xq hc|kyøe xa faxwa|fkfa|kbaeva } ío xa v|kexgc|bk ae qek ta|xcek xaexmloa }/ tc| vkevc/ laeíwcok } klma|vk %%% ,%S Laeafmhvc PWM 0#;<#<44>

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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kfahqkfk } lmae aev|aekfk (hktkhmfkf fa- |agoapmøe ta|bmva kfwa|vm| fmh`kx |akomfkfax/ fm|ahvk c mefm|ahvkbaeva (hqkt|ahmkbcx xqx agahvcx c ktc|vax gqehmcekoax-% Ae hqkevc k qek tcxmloa ,hcehmaehmk fa omla|vkf, hqaxvk xcl|abkea|k t|ceqexcl|a aooc tc| ok mefagmemhmøe fa ocx ví|bmecx mewcoqh|kfcx: } tc|{qa `k} qek wmehqokhmøe bq} axv|ah`k {qa hkxm keqok okx fmga|ac fmxvkehmkx aev|a ok Mfaevmfkf ]cmhk/ ok Hcehmaehmk } ok Omla|vkf: } axk keqokhmøe `kha {qa vmaefk k faxktk|aha| ok gmeva|bafmkfc|k aev|a oc øevmhc } oc gaecbíemhc/ aev|a ao Kobk } ao Txm{qmxbc: hokbkefc tc| qek wa|xmøe bëx hcbtoavk fao Baxa mexvkeva `knc qe axgqa|yc fa mev|cxtahhmøe "ec bq} mevaexc tc| hma|vc %%%" } kfwma|vc hce hok|mfkf bm axvkfc hcexhmaemfaevmfkf }cmhk"ecbmeko } konqekx ,xaexkhmceax axtm|mvqkoax fmgqxkx, aev|a okx hqkoax tcf|âk `kla| konc kvmeaeva k axcfaecbmekbcx ,omla|vkf,: ta|c bëx ec xkl|âk t|ahmxk|%

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txmhc"keâbmhc faxvmekfc aphoqxmwkbaeva ko aia|hmhmc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf c ,ae axva wmfk,: mefmxtaexkloakqek| ok wcoqevkf/ ok hcehmaehmk } ok xklmfq|âk ae gqehmøe fao t|c}ahvc c hkbmec fa ,xkowkhmøe,/ xc|vakefc okx mexmfmkx va||aexqta|kefc ok fagahvqcxmfkf hceníemvk } kf{qm|mfk% Ao vabk fao K%O%T% }k oc v|kví xcba|kbaeva/ kekomykefc ok mbknae fao ameva|mc| } apva|mc| } axk ,aeh|qhmikfk ae ao hkbmec, {qa xa|âk ao kevahafaeva ' t|ahafaeva øevmhc fa ,vcfkx okx kova|ekvmwkx bapmxvaehmkoax,: c xm xa t|agma|a/ ao bahkemxbc axtm|mvqko {qa tcxmlmomvk ok ktomhkhmøe bkva|mko c apmxvaehmko "`mxvø|mhk fa ok omla|vkf t|kpmx xmnemgmhkhmceko: axk omla|vkf xme ok hqko ec `kl|âk |axtcexklmomfkf bc|ko konqek em ,xkowkhmøe, em ,|maxnc fa hcefaek(gkvkomxbcx } t|afaxvmekhmcemxbcx bko aevaefmfcx/ hcewma|vae ok wmfk `qbkek ae qek gk|xk tkvívmhk/ h|qao/ klxq|fk: hqkefc bae qek cl|k vakv|ko meva|t|avkfk tc| khvc|ax gc|ykfcx Zvakv|c fao klxq|fc tc| hma|vcR-%T|anqevk9 ³hqëo xa|âk ok hcefmhmøe fa qe xa| apmxvaeva ae hq}c t|mba| khvc axv|qhvq|keva fa xq mfaevmfkf/ ec `qlmaxa ,omla|vk³ax ao hkxc fa qe kembko3%%%/ ae hma|vc bcfc/ kqe{qa aooc ecx fawqaowa k ok mehønemvk xcl|a ok kekocnâk fa ok Omla|vkf hce ok Mfae]cmhk } ok Hcehmaehmk% Ta|c ao hkblmc xa|âk ecvkloa } ae hqko{qma| gc|bk ao |axqovkfc t|mwk|âk k axa aeva fa Omla|vkf Bc|ko } f|axtcexklmomfkfax"tcxmlmomfkfax hceapkx% Tcf|âk fmxvmenqm|xa v|ax"hqkv|c mexvkehmkx hqkomvkvmwkx9k%" Khvc Hcexhmaeva T|mbk|mc9 K%H%T% 2 khvc gqefkeva/ gc|bkomykeva } xmxvabmykeva%l%" Khvc Oml|a T|mbk|mc9 K%O%T% 2 aoahvmwc9 hcbmaeyk ok `mxvc|mk fa ok hcehmaehmk% Hcbmaeyk ok `mxvc|mk%h%" Khvc Aoahvmwc"Xmnemgmhkhmceko T|mbk|mc9 K%A%X% 2 aoahvmwc9 hcbmaeyk ok `mxvc|mk fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko } ok apmxvaehmk hkomgmhkfk%f%" Khvc H|akvmwc T|mbk|mc9 K%H|%T% 2 h|akvmwc9 hcbmaeyk ok `mxvc|mk t|c"khvmwk%Hokxmgmhkhmøe hcegqxk/ fqfcxk/ mbta|gahvk/ mbt|ahmxk a mehcbtoavk %%%/ ta|c fmha konc/ xqnma|a {qa axvkbcx keva qe tkec|kbkhcbtoaic: keva oc {qa falmaxa xa| ok axv|qhvq|k } Xmxvabk Cta|kvmwc øevmhc fao K%H%T%/ fao hc|kyøe bmxbc fao Kobk `qbkek+ (LMCX } ok babc|mk \cb %%%/ ta|c ec hcbc xcgv~k|a kn|ankfcx ko `k|f~k|a/ xmec fa|mwkfcx a me`a|aevax fa#k aooc-%Aev|kefc ae ao bacooc fao kxqevc/ xanùe ok `mtøvaxmx fao K%H%T% ao vabk omla|vkf mewcoqh|k tkobk|mkbaeva k ok xql"`mtøvaxmx fao axvc ax bq} mbtc|vkeva tc|{qa vcfkx okx ktomhkhmceax vaø|mhc"t|ëhvmhkx {qa tqfmaxae fa|mwk| fa qek hc||ahvk vac|mykhmøe/ ec xcl|a okx |axtcexklmomfkfax hqkevc k ok txmhcocnâk gc|bkvmwk"afqhkhmceko a megc|bkvmwk: hkblmke xcl|abkea|k xm ao aeva |axtcekhvmwc"oml|a ax ao ]c ae t|mba|k ta|xcek (apva|ekomykfc mebafmkvkbaeva- c ao txm{qmxbc hcbtoaic: qe xmxvabk txâ{qmhc fagmemfc |aokhmøe aev|a ao ]c } xq |agoaic t|mbk|mc9 ao Anc% Ae hqko{qma| hkxc/ ao Anc ec ax ,konc ae xâ,/ xmec qek Mbknae |agoaik/ qek ,xcbxanùe konqecx/ ,mbtcxvc|, xanùe cv|cx/ ,moqxmøe, c ,wm|vqkomfkf, ae axta|k fa xq khvmwkhmøe } tcvaehmkhmøe avh%

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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\coax ancmhcx ec|bkoax9 2 (baecx- omla|vkf fa mfaevmfkf (meva|ek-2 (baecx- omla|vkf hc"h|akvmwk2 (baecx- omla|vkf xchmko (apva|ek-

Ecvk9 v|kexh|mlâ omva|kobaeva ok ecvk bkeqxh|mvk } kfwma|vc (ba xqhafa bq} tchkx wahax ta|c xqhafa %%%- {qa cowmfí ,oc {qa vaebaeva, ko axh|mlm|ok/ tc|{qa konc `klâk {qa xa ta|fmø %%% Xa aevmaefa {qa ocx |coax ancmhcx ombmvke/ |axv|menae } k wahax keqoke homla|vkfax apmxvaehmkoax: xme kem{qmok|okx ta|c xâ me`mlmaefc xq ktomhkhmøe ae t|ctc|hmøe fm|ahvk k ok mevaexmfkf fao |co c ,ta|xcancmhc kxqbmfc% Axva vmtc fa |coax/ ko baecx ae ao ëblmvc xchmc"hqovq|ko chhmfaevko/ xce hcexmfa|kfcx (a||øeakbaeva ae bm ctmhcbc xmeøembc fa bkfq|khmøe/ faxk||cooc txmhc"xchmko/ kfktvkhmøe k ok |akomfkf avh% Mefqfkloabaeva xm|wae tk|k axc/ ta|c k hcxcgchk|/ mbtafm| ae xq t|mehmtmc ok bkfq|khmøe kqvíevmhk a mevan|ko fa ok ta|xcek `qbkek% Ok xchmafkf khvqko eaaxtahmkomykhmceax gqehmcekoax/ ax qe `ah`c awmfaeva: ta|c hk|ahabcx fa qek vac|âk } t|ëhvmhk gc|bkvmwk ' afqhkvmwk {qa

hcehmomk| ok axtahmkomykhmøe víhemhc"ancmhk hce ao faxk||cooc t|cgqefc a mevaexc fa ok t|ctmk ,wm|vqkomfkf,% Ancx `mta|v|cgmk]c(xax- (³hqëo ax ao toq|ko3%%%- hqkxm klc|vkfcx: gkwc|ahmíefcxa ok fmgqxmøe fa axa axvmoc ancmhc"eankvmwc {qa hk|khva|hcbtc|vkbmaevc fa ok bk}c|âk hmqfkfkek9 khvmvqfax } khhmceax hcbtaexkvc|mkx c kevmvívmhkx ko kqvíevmhc ]c {qa ta|bk|at|mbmfc/ hkqxkefc chkxmcekoax axvkoomfcx fa txaqfc"omla|khmøe faxv|qhvmwk } fabëx |akhhmceax kec|bkoax } faxa{qmoml|kfkx (taxh|mlm|xa qe apvaexc v|kvkfc xcl|a ok níeaxmx/ vmtcocnâk } apt|axmøe fa ok tkvcocnâk ancmhk-%\coax ancmhcx kec|bkoax9 2 Komaekhmøe tk|hmko c vcvko (tcxaxmøe-%Hqkefc ao Anc c gkevkxbk ancmhc faik fa xa| oc {qa ae c|mnae ax/ vmaefa k xqtokevk| c xcl|atcea|xa vcvkobaeva k

 tcxaxmceëefcxa fao K%H%T% } tc| apvaexmøe/ fao gqehmcekbmaevc txâ{qmhc% Aooc tqafa chq||m| hqkefc ocx ta|xcekiax ancmhcx cxchmc"hqovq|koax mbtceae xqx ,bëxhk|kx, (bëx lmae fmxg|khax hcbtoavcx- ae fabkxâk/ kqe{qa v|kvëefcxa fa |coax xchmkobkhatvkfcx ,ec ecx fkbcx hqaevk,: c tac| kùe hqkefc ao mefmwmfqc kxqba hcbc Anc"ta|xcekomfkf k qe ta|xcekia bmvc(apmxvaeva c mewaevkfc-/ oc {qa xqaoa ookbk|xa ,ochq|k, (faxfa ao h|aa| {qa xcbcx ,Ektcoaøe, `kxvk hma|vkx megokhmceax ancmhkxqta|ke ok lk||a|k fa ok tcvaehmkomfkf"wm|vqkomfkf |ako fa qe txm{qmxbc mefmwmfqko (,t|a"fava|bmekfk, ae xq lkxa ekvq|ko t

tokecx fa |anmxv|c øevmhc } bcofax wm|vqkoax- } fcbmeke ao txm{qmxbc |afqhmíefcoc k qe khvc| mewcoqevk|mc {qa hcegqeta|xcekia#gkevkxâk hce xq Mfaevmfkf-% ] bqh`c tac| kùe hqkefc ok fmxtcemlmomfkf ancmhk ax kt|cwah`kfk tc| qek aevmfkf apbkomnek/ hcbc ae ao hkxc fa okx tcxaxmceax fabceâkhkx%Eøvaxa {qa axvk `mtøvaxmx xqtcea {qa ok wqoea|klmomfkf fao xmxvabk txâ{qmhc |kfmhk ae ao Anc/ } ec ae ao ]c bmxbc {qa ae xâmekvkhkloa/ mewqoea|kloa: oc {qa kba|mvk qek khok|khmøe9 ao Anc ec ax konc (ec ax- ae xâ/ } xøoc apmxva } xqlxmxva ae gqehmøe fxm|wmíefcoa hcbc |a"t|axaevkeva/ c mbknae |a"t|axaevkvmwk {qa kfabëx bkva|mkomyk vcfkx okx meva|gkxax aev|a ao eùhoac øeaxtm|mvqko } xq t|c}ahhmøe#apt|axmøe apmxvaehmko (ae ao bëx kooë c toaemvqf ec falmíxabcx eahaxmvk| Anc konqec/ fmxg|qvkefbavk"apmxvaehmkomfkf me"bafmkvk }#c aptoâhmvk/ hce ao ]c khvmwkfc klxcoqvkbaeva tc| xq wmehqokhmøe g|cevko/ tc| xq hcbqemøe h]c klxcoqvc {qa oc hkqxk } xcxvmaea9 Fmcx ta|xceko-% Ao Anc xa|âk aevcehax ok t|axaehmk |a"t|axaevkfk fao ]c apmxvaeva/ ftxâ{qmhc: qe ,gkevkxbk, gqehmceko {qa ae xâ ec ax: ta|c {qa tc| xq hcefmhmøe fa Mbknae xqaoa xa| hcegqefmfc (mevaapva|ekbaeva- hce ao ]c/ hcbc mfaevmfkf"{qa"ax: oc t|mba|c c oc ùemhc ,wmxmloa, tk|k cv|cx aevax axtm|mvqkoax } bkva|mkoax% Kxâ ae ok wmfk hcvmfmkek mfaevmgmhkbcx k ocx fabëx mefmwmfqcx tc| oc {qa ,tk|ahae xa|, (tc| høbc khvùke/ høbc xa t|axaevket|axaevke9 ok mbknae ancmhk bkemgmaxvk-/ hma|vcx aevax axtm|mvqkoax eankvmwcx (,fabcemcx,- `kooke ae ocx ta|xcekiax ancmhcgqaeva |aokvmwkbaeva klqefkeva fa tcxmlmomfkfax fa meva|waehmøe/ megoqaehmk } k wahax/ fa kqvíevmhk tcxaxmøe: tc|{qa vcfcxcl|a"fmbaexmcekfc mbtomhk qe ]c falmomvkfc ae xq fmxtcxmhmøe txâ{qmhk"gqehmceko (ec ae xq hcexmxvaehmk øevmhk c ec ae xq EcT|ctmc {qa xm lmae ax hcefmhmceko k ok n|ke hcegm|bkhmøe gmeko (ao ,ecbl|a eqawc, axhkvcoønmhc-/ fa bcbaevc ax konc fabkxmkfc} vcfkwâk fabkxmkfc c vcvkobaeva wmehqokfc ko khvc ecbmeko fmwmec {qa oc ,fmha, } h|ak/ mfaevmgmhk/ |ahcecha } kbk-%

 Klxcoqvmykhmøe ancmhk xqt|k"ec|bko 9Oc hcev|k|mc k okx komaekhmceax } k okx tcxaxmceax eankvmwkx/ ax ok kfcthmøe wcoqevk|mk/ oml|a } tc| Kbc| fao n|ke |aga|aeva }H|mxvc"Iaxùx: vko hcbc oc aevmaefae/ xmaevae } t|khvmhke ocx bâxvmhcx `kxvk ao ,tk|cpmxbc, c ao ípvkxmx% Ok fmxtcxmhmøe/ qlmhkh,meh|qxvkhmøe, fa ok kqvíevmhk Mbknc Fam/ ao H|mxvc"Iaxùx Wa|lc aehk|ekfc } |akomfkf t|axaeva/ ae ao hc|kyøe txâ{qmhc } "a`mtøvaxmx"/ ,ko g|aeva fao ]c, } tc| aefa ,ae, ae Anc/ aombmek|âk vcfcx ocx |maxncx ancmhcx/ anchíev|mhcx } ancvmxvkx bafmket|axaehmk xqvmo } tcvaeva fa ok mbknae h|mxvchíev|mhk: cta|khmøe txmhc"bc|ko hcbtoaik {qa xa hceh|avmyk ae bùovmtoax bct|chafmbmaevcx: faxfa ok c|khmøe"bafmvkhmøe `kxvk ok t|kpmx apmxvaehmko lkxkfk ae ao kbc| ae xq mevan|mfkf v|moønmhk9 k Fmcx/cv|cx/ k qec bmxbc: mehoq}aefc ok Aqhk|mxvâk (kqe{qa ec ba kv|awc k axtahqok| ko |axtahvc tc| mnec|kehmk a mefmnemfkf/ tmaexc {

hcbqemøe aqhk|âxvmhk ktc|vk|âk qek mexvkehmk hcexmxvaeva fa ok t|axaehmk h|âxvmhk ae eqaxv|c meva|mc|/ hkvkomyëexqxvkehmkomyëefcok-% Fmnc axvc tc|{qa hqkefc xa tokevak {qa ao Anc ax qe gkevkxbk }cmhc ,wm|vqko,/ fmxtcemloa tk|k kxqbm| ao |co/ ok mbknae } hcefmhmøe fao bavk"ta|xcekia {qa ec xøoc faik fa |afqhm| c xcgchk| ko ]c/ xmec {qa oc tcvaehmk (hkxm- kevmhmtkeToaemvqf c Wmfk Ava|ek: xa xqnma|a qek mfak gqehmceko gëhmo fa aevaefa|/ xa h|ak c ec ae ok |akomfkf#wkomfay fao Wa|lc Aehk|ekfcgkovk aptomhk| ao ,høbc,: tc|{qa ec lkxvk taexk| bqh`c ae H|mxvc tk|k {qa Ío khatva axk mewmvkhmøe ,baevko, } ,waenk k ecxcv|kvëefcxa fa qek cta|khmøe txmhc"bc|ko kbtomk/ hcbtoaik } ,fmgâhmo, xøoc ae ok bafmfk fa eqaxv|k khvqko mbta|gahhmøe c megokhancmhkx% Tc|{qa xm ao Anc (c ,kova| anc,- }k axvë xmaefc fmxtqvkfc tc| qek hkva|wk fa xql c meg|k"ta|xcekiax c |coax echkomgmhkfcx/ ax awmfaeva ok eahaxmfkf fa qek tq|mgmhkhmøe/ qek ombtmayk {qa oc t|atk|a tk|k khcna| kbkloa } kbc|cxkbaeva k oxa|ë } ax xq bmxbk |kyøe fa xa| % ] tk|k axc axvë ok |aomnmøe `mxvø|mhk hce xqx xmxvabkx afqhkhmcekoax gc|bkvmwcx/ megc|bkvxkh|kbaevkoax% [qa oc `knk bëx c baecx lmae ax cv|c kxqevc/ ta|c tk|k axc axvë%%% ] {qmaeax xqaûke hce qe bqefc k"|aomnmcxklae {qa tkwmbaevke ao hkbmec tk|k ok bavëxvkxmx ancmhk k axhkok ta|xceko } hcoahvmwk: oc hqko t|cfqhm|âk qek fan|kfkhmøe bhqovq|ko t|cn|axmwk {qa hqobmek|âk meaoqfmloabaeva ae ok ochq|k/ ok fmxn|ankhmøe } gmekobaeva ok bqa|va (oc `k|âk xm tqfmaxa/kgc|vqekfkbaeva `k} cv|kx gqa|ykx ae omyk-%

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Tcf|âk fahm|xa {qa H|mxvc"ae"ecxcv|cx ecx omla|k/ tc|{qa ax ao tqaeva aev|a ok t|ctmk mfaevmfkf (ao xâ bmxbc mefmwmfqko fa hkfk {} ok bavk"mfaevmfkf fmwmek ta|xceko: ta|c ec hcbc hceapmøe axtm|mvqko klxv|khvk xmec ta|xceko } ta|xcekomykeva: {qa ec ecx fmoqao n|ke"vcfc xmec ecx `kha xa|/ xa| ecxcv|cx bmxbcx }k k`c|k faxfa ok t|ahk|mafkf apmxvaehmko: tcvaehmkfc ok tcvaehmkomfktk|vëefcecx fa ok hc||qthmøe fao bqefc/ fao ,bko,/ fa axa ,bko, {qa hcbmaeyk kvkhkefc iqxvc ko oâ/ ae axa |agoaic c gkevkxbk{qa ax ao Anc {qa ko xa| chqtkfc tc| ok t|axaehmk h|âxvmhk faik fa axvk| t|a"chqtkfc } faik fa xa| qek tcxmlmomfkf mefava|bmegaloa tk|k v|kexgc|bk|xa ae vcvkomfkf tcvaehmko } tcvaehmk vcvkomykfk: fava|bmekeva ec fa qe axvkfc ,hcenaokfc, c ava|emykqek apvëvmhk } axvëvmhk ta|gahhmøe/ xmec ae qek apvëvmhk } bavk fmeëbmhk hcefmhmøe fa omla|vkf fmwmek/ fa h|akvmwmfkf fmwmek/ fa fmwmec "t|a"xaevmloa ae mexvkevax fa ípvkxmx" {qa ax ao g|qvc fa ok fmeëbmhk v|memvk|mk: ok khhmøe fmwmek {qa ax megmemvkbaeva klma|vklxcoqvkbaeva ha||kfk%

7%;%84%71%;4 Mfakomykhmøe fao hcehatvc fa Omla|vkf%Ao ,vabk omla|vkf, kgahvk fabkxmkfc k ok ,xaexmlmomfkf xchmko, } tc| aooc `k xmfc v|kvkfc hce bqh`c vkhvc } vmec/ k wahax ec apae`mtch|axâk tc|{qa gmoøxcgcx c fchv|mekx {qa tc| fagmemhmøe ec h|aae ae ok omla|vkf hcbc gkhqovkf c hcefmhmøe keâbmhk c klxcoqvc/ xa hqmfke bqh`âxmbc fa hcegaxk|oc falmfc k okx ktomhkhmceax mfacoønmhc"tcoâvmhkx fao kxqevc: fkfc {qa t|ëhvmhkbaeva okx hc||maevax {qa xa fmxtqvke ao ,tcfa|, c ok ,wcoqevkf fao tqaloc,/ mehoq}ae ae xq tk{qava fa cga|vkx klqefkevax fc,omla|vkf, c omla|vkfax %%% Ao bkva|mkomxbc `mxvø|mhc"fmkoíhvmhc bk|pmxvk {qmxc ,faxbmvmgmhk|, k{qaooc {qa hcexmfa|klk xmoqxmcemxbc/ kqvc"aenkûc c aenkûc mewaevkfc tc| okx tcoâvmhkx hqovq|koax fa okx hokxax fcbmekevax/ ,moqxmøe fa omla|vkf, mehoqmfkk hkblmc cg|ahâk ok kqvíevmhk omla|khmøe } qe ,afíe ae ok vma||k, tk|k ao `cbl|a }k ok xchmafkf omla|kfk fa xqx hkqvmwa|mcx xahceøbmhcx } l|qbkx axtm|mvqkomxvkx avh% Oc bmxbc {qa k axhkok ,meva|mc|"xqliavmwk, t|avaefâk ao txmhckeëomxmx g|aqfmkec hce xq tk|kecmfa fao txm{qmxbc `qbkec/ hq}c axv|kvc |khmceko"hcexhmaeva h|aâk xcbavmfc k ga|cy hkqvmwa|mc tc| axk b,xqta|axv|qhvq|k, {qa mbtceâk bc|koax k|vmgmhmcxkx } qek |at|axmøe hcexvkeva fa ok kqvíevmhk wa|fkf"omla|vkf fao mefmwhcexmxvaeva aev|a ok mexvmevmwmfkf hc|tc|ko"bkva|mko } eqawcx høfmncx ,xqta|mc|ax, {qa axvk bmxbk fchv|mek mewaevklk ae xqxvmv

fa ocx keva|mc|ax (xmxvabkvmykefc txaqfc"|khmcekobaeva xqx t|afmhkfcx/ k bcfc fa Eqawk Oa}-% ] qek íomva axtahmkomykfk/ mbtok} clxaxmwk"hcbtqoxmwk xa aehk|nk|âk fa ,|akomyk|, xak ok omla|khmøe apva|ek c meva|ek9 ao Tk|vmfc } ocx Txmhckekomxvkx+%%% (ocx |axqaxvëe k ok wmxvk/ tc|{qa ctc|vqemfkfax ec oax gkovk|ce-% Bëx xmeha|k } l|qvkobaeva aptoâhmvk ax ok tcxvq|k fao  gmxmcocnmxbc: {qaeqawk mfacocnâk fa gkhvc {qa qvmomyk ta|"wa|xkbaeva ocx faxhql|mbmaevcx faxh|mtvmwcx fa okx hmaehmkx lmcoønmhkx } eaq|c"hmaehmkxmevaevk| mbtcea| qek wmxmøe eac"fava|bmemxvk/ eac"bahkemhmxvk } eac"bkva|mkomxvk fao xa| `qbkec: bcxv|ëefcoc hcbc qe xc|nkemxbc lmcoønmhc } kembko: hk|aeva fa hqkomfkfax/ hk|khva|âxvmhkx/ gkhqovkfax c t|ctmafkfax keâbmhkx c axtm|mvqkoax ,xqta|mhcehmaehmk/ xaevmbmaevcx } tc| hma|vc/ ,omla|vkf, mehoqmfk ae axvk wmxmøe |afqhhmcemxvk apv|abk% Mexmxvc9 ao  gmxmcocnmxbc (qek fwk|mkevax ax ao ha|al|komxbc- ec ax qe hmaehmk em qek fchv|mek hmaevâgmhk/ xmec qe fa|mwkfc mfacoønmhc {qa xa bkemgmaxvk bëx kbafmëvmhc (|awmxvkx/ ta|møfmhcx/ meva|eav avh%- {qa ae ocx ëblmvcx khkfíbmhcx/ kqe{qa vkblmíe `k} oanmceax fa hmaevâgmhcx } hafa mewaxvmnkhmøe {qa kwkoke axvk hc||maeva/ } ok t|khvmhke } gmekehmke hce aevqxmkxbc h|ahmaeva/ kqekfcx tc| axa gq|c| eac"tcxmc|maevkfc `khmk ok kem{qmokhmøe fa ok hqkomfkf `qbkek/ bcvmwkfc tc| ao víhemhkbaeva mega|eko  t|ctøxmvc fa faxv|qm|/ faxhkta|wa|vm|/ lkxvk|fmyk| ao t|c}ahvc fmwmec tk|k ao `cbl|a } ok `qbkemfkf: kxqbmaefc qek gkhava axtahâgmhk fa xq oqh`k (fabc{qa ao t|mehmtmc fao `cbl|a hcbc Mbknc Fam ax qek gmhhmøe/ tc|{qa ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva xa|âk xøoc qe kembko xcgmxvmhkfcxmbtoa c|nkemxbc lmc"{qâbmhc avh%-% Axva t|aëblqoc ax tk|k faxvkhk| {qa faxfa ao tqevc fa wmxvk c ok v|kfmhmøe k|nqbaevbkva|mkomxbc#tcxmvmwmxbc/ ao hcehatvc cevcoønmhc } axtm|mvqko"bc|ko fa Omla|vkf xa|âk qek mfakomykhmøe fa ok apta|maehmk t|ëhvmokx omla|vkfax axtahmgmhkx apmxvaehmkoax/ {qa ekfk vmaeae fa cevcoønmhc c hkvanø|mhc c klxcoqvc% Xøoc qek xa|ma fa kevâvaxmx faxacx/ nkekx/ eahaxmfkfax c ke`aocx bëx c baecx mexkvmxgah`cx (} vcfcx fa âefcoa bkva|mko tc| hma|vc- {qa ok hqovq|k `qxqliavmwk } cliavmwkbaeva vmaefa k mevan|k| ae qe n|ke bmvc/ moqxmøe c txaqfc"wa|fkf9 ao hcehatvc naeí|mhc fa Omla|vkf/ ok Omlhcbc wkoc| klxcoqvc avh% [qma|c fahm| {qa íxvk falmaxa xa| ok aptomhkhmøe bkva|mkomxvk ec|bko/ ta|c ktk|aha tchc c ekfk (eaptoâhmvkbaeva- tc| |kyceax fa hcewaemaehmk tcoâvmhc"fabknønmhk: tc|{qa ok fmgqxmøe fa okx fchv|mekx bkva|mkomxvkx `k xmfc }xmaefc qek vk|ak gqehmceko k ok naxvmøe tcoâvmhc"mfacoønmhk: } xqx t|khvmhkevax xa hqmfke bqh`âxmbc fa aptomhmvk| vaxmx hcb,eankhmøe fa ok Omla|vkf, {qa ec xa|âk kt|ahmkfk tc| ok naeva: } baecx ae hcevapvcx xchmkoax |anmfcx tc| xmxvabkx |at|axaevkaoahvmwcx fcefa vabkx hcbc íxva tqafae hkqxk| |akhhmceax kgahvmwkx eankvmwkx/ xqgmhmaevax tk|k `kha| ta|fa| qek aoahhmøe tcoâAx ok Wmxmøe Mega|mc| fa ok Omla|vkf/ ok bmxbk {qa mewma|va } ta|wma|va ao c|fae fa vcfkx okx wa|fkfax kqvchcexmxvaevax/ |kfmhkøevmhkx/ abtaykefc tc| ok echmøe |khmceko fa Fmcx (kgm|bke {qa ao `cbl|a h|ak c mewaevk ok echmøe#gmnq|k fa Fmcx ,k xq mbk

xabaikeyk,/ tc| xqlombkhmøe fa eahaxmfkfax/ g|qxv|khmceax/ ke`aocx } tk|kfmnbkx ekvq|koax hcbc ok gmnq|k tkva|ek avh%-% HOmla|vkf xqhafa|âk konc xmbmok|9 ekfk `k} fa axtm|mvqko/ klxcoqvc c tcvaehmko ae aooc/ xøoc hcefmhmcekbmaevcx bkva|mkoax axtah{qa bcoaxvke bëx c baecx/ {qa tcfabcx xctc|vk| c ec: ombmvkhmceax/ hkqvmwa|mcx/ mbtafmbaevcx hceh|avcx {qa hkqxke qek axfa xqg|mbmaevc hcevmeqc k ocx `qbkecx } {qa íxvcx hcev|ktaxke c hcev|k||axvke hce qe ke`aoc klxv|khvc a mnqkobaeva hcevme,faxac fa Omla|vkf,/ fa vcfkx okx omla|vkfax tcxmloax/ {qa ae hceiqevc a mfakobaeva mevan|kfkx hcegc|bke ok echmøe/ mbta|kxqbc ke`aoc fa ok n|ke } ta|gahvk Omla|vkf naeí|mhk/ hcbc hkvanc|âk }#c hcefmhmøe axtm|mvqko% Axvk wmxmøe ta|"wa|xk } ta|wa|vmfcok wa|fkf fa ok omla|vkf / vmaea qe kxtahvc wa|âfmhc: tc|{qa ok mevan|ko fa okx omla|vkfax axtahâgmhkx (apmxvaehmkoax- ax agahvmwkbavmtc c ok t|c}ahhmøe c mbknae t|c}ahvkfk fa ok Omla|vkf% Xme hka| ae mfakomxbcx c tokvcemxbcx/ ec tc|{qa `k}k qek ,mfak ta|gaomla|vkf, xmec tc|{qa ax tcxmloa qek hcefmhmøe klxcoqvk c ,toaek, fa Omla|vkf/ fmh`k tcxmlmomfkf xa bkemgmaxvk `mxvø|mhkbaevbmxbc bcfc {qa `k} wmfkx mefmwmfqkoax tk|vmhqok|ax/ mbta|gahvkx } agâba|kx tc|{qa xce gqehmøe } t|c}ahvc tcvaehmko fa okToaek% Xøoc hkblmk ok hkomgmhkhmøe9 ae okx omla|vkfax axtahâgmhkx } ombmvkfkx wabcx ok wa|fkf tcvaehmko fa ok Omla|vkf: wabc|akomfkf cliavmwk } tcxmloa/ ok mevqmbcx/ ec ok mewaevkbcx+%

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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³@k} cv|kx gc|bkx fa t|c"h|akhmøe `qbkek kfabëx fa ok gmomko3%%% Oc mnec|c/ ta|c ao ecbl|a wkoa } faxmnek qek khhmøe } khvc h|xqt|abc/ {qa ec vmaea tk|kenøe tc|{qa mbtomhk ok hc"khhmøe fm|ahvk/ |ako a mebafmkvk hce ok h|akvmwmfkf fmwmek% Hqkefc qe `cbqek bqia| ,hcehmlae } fke k oqy qe `mic,: v|klkike iqevc ko Wa|lc"Fmcx ae ok nkbk kovk fa ok axhkok hqkomvkvmwk fa oc |ako: naea|k{qa xa|âk ok ,ecwafkf cliavmwk, bëx hkvanø|mhk {qa tqafa ktc|vk|xa k ok Vapvq|k \ako9 qe eqawc xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva%Hc"h|akvmwmfkf 9@a kxmnekfc axva ecbl|a k ok mewaevmwk k|vâxvmhk ae naea|ko/ k{qaook {qa hcexv|q}a/ gkl|mhk c ,`kha, eqawkx hcegmnq|khmceax lmae hk|ahae fa axk t|ctmafkf/ xmenqok|mfkf } ecwafkf klxcoqvk {qa hk|khva|myk k ocx eqawcx xa|ax `qbkecx apmxvaevax: ktecwafkfax cliavmwkx k ok Vapvq|k \ako ec tc| xq bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk (qek eqawk axhqovq|k ax qe bcevøe fa ëvcbcx } bcoíhqokx}k apmxvâke,/ |a"hcegmnq|kfkx- xmec tc| xq xmnemgmhkehmk/ ,mbtkhvc bc|ko } axtm|mvqko,: mehoq}aefc xmblcomxbcx/ koanc|mykhmcapt|axmcemxbcx wk|mcx% Ta|c bëx kooë fa ok |a"t|axaevkvmwmfkf t|ctmk fa vcfk cl|k fa k|va (xak klxv|khvk c gmnq|kvmwk-/ } xm lm

`k} ecwafkf gâxmhk ae ví|bmecx hqkevmvkvmwcx (ec `k} h|akhmøe faxfa ok ekfk-: ok cl|k fa k|va cg|aha/ t|ctcea } fmxtcehcegmnq|khmøe eqawk% Xa tcf|âk cliavk| {qa hqko{qma| bcwmbmaevc ekvq|ko vkblmíe oc `kha/ hcbc ok mehaxkeva fmeëbmhk fa okx {qa hcevmeqkbaeva hcegmnq|k axhaekx fmxvmevkx: ta|c `k} qek n|ke fmga|aehmk9 okx ecwafkfax gmnq|kvmwkx ec xce klxcoqvkx|aokvmwkx k okx oa}ax gâxmhc"{qâbmhkx {qa okx t|cfqhae: } tc| aooc ec hcexvmvq}ae ecwafkfax cliavmwkx tk|k ok ekvq|koayk/ ao bqefV|kbk \ako fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc: fa `ah`c xce t|awmxmloax (kqe{qa ec tcfkbcx t|awa|okx ta|gahvk } apkhvkbaeva tc| ombmvkhvíhemhkx } bavcfcoønmhkx- } ae ùovmbk mexvkehmk/ |axtcefae k ok ,ekvq|komfkf ekvq|ko, (ao bqefc ec xa hcebqawa em ,kova|k, tcktk|ayhk qek bkeh`k fa `qbafkf hce vko c hqko gc|bk gmnq|kvmwk-% Ok cl|k fa K|va ae hkblmc tcxaa axk hqkomfkf/ tcvaexmnemgmhkhmcekomfkf tcvaeva {qa komkfk k ok wmwaehmk `qbkek {qa ok hc"h|ak } |ahcecha (mfaevmgmhk/ hcevabtok/ fmxg|qvk/ ncyk c xkhvmwk axvk gc|bk fa t|cfqhvmwmfkf hc"h|akvmwk {qa ax cliavqko } cliavmwk% Fmh`c tc|{qa `k} hc||maevax txmhcocnmxvkx c xqliavm{qa |afqhae ok ,mbtc|vkehmk, fao k|va k ok wmwaehmk"ta|hathmøe `qbkek/ kgm|bkefc {qa "tc| ai%" qe oml|c ec oaâfc c qek tmevq|ekfma wmxvk ax xøoc qe bcevøe fa bkeh`kx ae ao tktao c ae ao omaeyc/ mexmnemgmhkevax% Axvc ec ax hc||ahvc/ t|mba|c tc|{qh|akhmøe k|vâxvmhk ax ko baecx hcechmfk tc| xq kqvc| (} tc| ao Kqvc| fao kqvc|+%%%-/ } xanqefc tc|{qa xm lmae xq agahvc hqovq|ko"b

axtm|mvqko kqbaevk ae t|ctc|hmøe fm|ahvk k ok apta|maehmk {qa fa aook vaenke cv|cx `qbkecx (hkfk wmwaehmk bcfaomyk } ae gc|bk |a"h|ak axk cl|k/ ktc|vëefcoa bkvmhax } xmenqok|mfkfax axtahâgmhkx a mnqkobaeva ecwafcxkx-: ok cl|k ae xâ ax qek hcegmnqgc|bkomykfk } xmnemgmhkeva cliavqko } cliavmwkbaeva: hce konùe vmtc fa apmxvaehmkomfkf t|ctmk a mehmfaehmk t|ctmk } kqvøecbkVapvq|k \ako/ ae ok ,|akomfkf, ae xaevmfc kbtomc% Axvc ecx hcefqha ko va||aec fa cv|k nkbk fa hc"h|akhmceax xql c tk|k"k|vâxhqko ax ao ,|amec fa ok gkevkxâk,/ hq}k apt|axmøe bëx tq|k } c|mnmeko xce ocx xqaûcx/ cliavc fa axva aexk}c% ] }k xqna|â {mbknmea|âk ceâ|mhk hcexvmvq}a ecwafkfax cliavmwkx% Ao vabk fa ok hc"h|akvmwmfkf ax qe n|ke vabk %%%/ {qa kba|mvk|âk ko baeaxvqfmc hokxmgmhkvc|mc% ] qe keëomxmx {qa fagmek baic| okx kekocnâkx }#c fmga|aehmkx |kfmhkoax aev|a tc| ai% ok hc"h|akvmwmfkf k|vâxvmmewaevmwk vahecoønmhk/ xmabt|a hce qe tma ae ok hmaehmk"bkvabëvmhk } cv|c ae ok gkevkxâk%\a"h|akvmwmfkf 9Ao ví|bmec xa t|axvk tk|k fmwa|xkx meva|t|avkhmceax/ abtaykefc hce ao ,wcowa| k h|ak|,% Ta|c oc qxc tk|k |aga|m|ba ko |ql|c ,|ah|akhmøe, xchmko a mefmwmfqko: {qa klk|hk ao ,iqanc, } okx fmxvmevkx khvmwmfkfax omnkfkx ko axtk|hmbmaevc/ ao faxhkexc/ ao ,chmc,xcl|a vcfc/ k ocx ,gkevkxacx,% Ax vkblmíe ao hkbtc fao ,hcexqbc fa t|cfqhhmceax k|vâxvmhc"gkevkxmcxkx,/ faxfa ocx wmfac"iq`kxvk ok oahvq|k fa ecwaokx/ ok kxmxvaehmk ko hmea/ bm|k| VW avh%%%: khhmceax bëx lmae tkxmwkx {qa hcexqbae lqaek tk|va fa ocx |ah} vmabtcx fmxtcemloax fao hmqfkfkec bafmc/ {qmae |ahq||a k axvkx khvmwmfkfax hce gmeax oaemvmwcx/ hcbtaexkvc|mcx ' awkxmwvkblmíe tk|k gc|bk|xa/ megc|bk|xa: ,hqovq|myk|xa, avh% Iqanke ocx emûcx } xanqmbcx iqnkefc ocx kfqovcx: } ec xmabt|a tc| mebkc ,megkevmomxbc,/ ec hqkefc ao ,iqanc, ax kqvíevmhkbaeva |a"h|akvmwc c qxk lqaekx hc"h|akhmceax hcbc bkva|mko lëxmhc% Bhqaevk {qa ok fagmemhmøe fa axva vmtc h|akvmwc ax bëx {qa hcegqxk } hqaxvk t|ahmxk| xqx |kxncx axv|qhvq|koax } xmxvíbmhcx: ta|chcxk ax ok hc"h|akhmøe } cv|k ok |a"h|akhmøe+%%% Ax ao kbtomc } k agahvcx t|ëhvmhcx mombmvkfc bqefc fa ok h|akvmwmfkf `qbkek/ |hce"hafmfc fa ok h|akvmwmfkf fmwmek: } {qa k xq bcfc fa"bqaxv|k } ae tk|va bkva|mkomyk ok Omla|vkf/ ao aia|hmhmc fa ok omla|vkf (taofkûc mega|mc|"keva|mc| fa ok awcoqhmøe ekvq|ko/ ocx kembkoax tk|ahae hcbtk|vm| hce ocx `qbkecx ok t|c"h|akvmwmfkf lmcoønhma|vcx mefmhmcx fa |a"h|akvmwmfkf c ko baecx khvmwmfkf oùfmhk: } kxâ ax xm aevaefabcx {qa ok kembkomfkf ec ax qe níea|c"|aktk|koaoc } fmga|aeva k oc `qbkec/ xmec eqaxv|c kevahafaeva hqkevmvkvmwc/ ok mbknae t|c}ahvkfk fa eqaxv|c tkxkfc: {qa bqaxvombmvkhmceax {qa xce ocx oâbmvax ec fa konc hcexmxvaeva xmec fa oc {qa ,apmxva tk|k {qa konc bëx "oc `qbkec" ooanqa k abtaykefc tc| ok t|ch|akhmøe tq|kbaeva lmcoønmhk (ec keâbmhc"axtm|mvqko/ ec xmnemgmhkhmceko- } ok kqxaehmk vcvko fa hc"h|akvmk|vâxvmhk%

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K agahvc fa axvcx hcbaevk|mcx ba kvaenc ko xaevmfc fa ok hcxbcnceâk } hcxbcocnâk iqfac"h|mxvmkek } xq t|mehmtmc fa ok h|afmwmek ,ap ‘ em`moc, c ,faxfa ok ekfk,: echmøe eqawk } |kfmhko hcev|ktqaxvk k okx cv|c|k bëx fmgqefmfkx h|aaehmkx ae ok t|a"apmxvfa qek axtahma fa bkva|mkomfkf megc|ba/ bëx c baecx hkøvmhk (c qe hcxbcx axvëvmhc/ xmbív|mhc/ hâhomhc } ava|ekbaeva tqoxkeqek axtahma fa fmkoíhvmhk {qa hcbc xql"t|cfqhvc naea|k|âk moqxmceax fa omla|vkf/ fa fmwa|xmfkf/ fa ta|xcekomfkf }cmhk/ fa |akfa `mxvc|mk gmekomxvk avh%-: ,hce, ok hqko Fmcx `kl|âk ,`ah`c okx hcxkx,% Axva h|akhmcemxbc t|a"`mxvø|mhc c tkoac"|aomnmcxc fa|mwk f`qbkemykhmøe |afqhvmwk fao |co fmwmec: a||c| hcbt|aexmloa txmhcoønmhkbaeva hcbc khvmvqf kgahvmwk/ } {qa xqlxmxva `kxvk|aktk|ahmaefc ae |a"bmp xmeh|avmxvkx {qa |at|ctceae kevmnqkx bmvcocnâkx (fmgâhmoax fa xqta|k| xme ok moqbmekhmøe fa ok \awaokhmøN|khmk% Vkevc {qa mehoqxc ae ao ëblmvc hmaevâgmhc `k} ec tchcx gâxmhcx vaø|mhcx {qa mexmxvae ae ok ,ava|emfkf#klxcoqvay fa ok bkv

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 150/184

 

hcehatvc a{qâwchc {qa bayhok hcev|kfmhvc|mkbaeva okx hcexvkvkhmceax abtâ|mhkx hce ao |kycekbmaevc cevcoønmhc% Vke k||kmnkfaxvkx h|aaehmkx abchmcekoax {qa em xm{qma|k ao ,|aokvmwmxbc, fa ok bahëemhk hqëevmhk `k tcfmfc apvm|tk|okx c xqta|k|okx-%Xa `kl|ë ecvkfc {qa ec |axtcefâ k ok t|anqevk memhmko xcl|a hqko ax ok khhmøe h|akvmwk {qa mewcoqh|k/ |a{qma|a c tcxmlmomvk bhqkomfkf }#c hkevmfkf fa omla|vkf: } ec oc `mha tc|{qa aooc |a{qa|m|âk qek t|cgqefmykhmøe kiaek k ocx oâbmvax fa axvkx l|awax ecvk""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%06 Bëx xcl|a ok ,OMLA\VKF, (<#<44>- (OMLA\VKF PMMM-9;>419 Ae wm|vqf fa xq kobk } fa xqx tcvaehmkx axtm|mvqkoax fa aevaefmbmaevc } wcoqevkf/ ao `cbl|a axvë fcvkfc fa omla|vkf/ ,xmnec abmeaeva fa ok mbknae fHkvahmxbc fa ok Mnoaxmk Hkvøomhk%

@k} wahax hqkefc ok baeva `qbkek/ kl|qbkfk keva ao ktk|aevabaeva mexcefkloa bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf } hkexkfk fa oqh`k| hao taxc fa ocx fava|bmemxbcx bkva|mkoax/ ctvk tc| ok |aefmhmøe } axhcna ao hkbmec gëhmo9 eank| {qa `k}k omla|vkf/ eank| ok oml

bmxbk (kqe{qa ec kfwma|va {qa axvk eankhmøe ax %%% ‧ ax qe khvc fa omla|vkf/ tc|{qa fa ec xa|oc/ ec vaef|âk ,xaevmfc,+-: kgm|bkax xøoc qek moqxmøe/ qe aenkûc/ qe kqvc"aenkûc/ qe |cbëevmhc } a{qâwchc ke`aoc fao kobk `qbkek ta|xceko } xchmko {qa mbknmehqkomfkf axtm|mvqko xqlomba {qa ec tcxaa } {qa oa ta|bmva gkevkxak| tcfa|ax moqxc|mcx } xcoqhmceax qvøtmhkx% ] xm ec xcbcx vkbtchc xcbcx |axtcexkloax } baecx kùe hqotkloax %%%/ } vcfc xa |afqha k qe kxqevc fa hcewaemaehmk/ fa ctc|vqemxbc/ fa fmhcehmomkfc| hce okx oa}ax/ gqa|ykx/ |akomfkfax mbta|kvmwkx fa ok |akomfkf {qa falabcx ctvmbmyk|/ kfahqk|/ kt|cwah`k|/ fm|ahhmceqek xmbtoa hqaxvmøe fa hcewaemaehmk/ lmaeaxvk| c t|cwah`c% Ta|c faikefc k qe okfc ok xchmcocnâk } kevm"ívmhk fa axva t|afkgahvmwc/ {qma|c xaûkok| xqx t|mehmtkoax falmomfkfax hcehatvqkoax9Eank| ok Omla|vkf ax qe vmtc fa a||c| fmxhq|xmwc"oønmhc xmbmok| k ok eankhmøe fa Fmcx/ } xa mehq||a ae x mbmok| hcev|kfmhhmøe% Tc|{qak%" Tk|k eank| konc `k} {qa mfaevmgmhk|oc/ fagmem|oc/ |a"hcecha|oc } fahm|oc (taexk|oc/ xaevm|oc/ mbknmek|oc/ cta|khmøe txâ{qmhk me}#c hcexv|qhvc txâ{qmhc hcbtoavc-: tc|{qa ok ,eankhmøe hkvanø|mhk,/ |kfmhko c klxcoqvk (ok {qa xa ktomhk k echmceax vkoax hcbcOmla|vkf/ Kobk/ \akomfkf avh%- ax fmga|aeva ko xmbtoa |ah`kyc c kgm|bkhmøe fa meapmxvaehmk lkxkfk ae qek hcbtk|khmøe kekoâvmhkmbënaeax hcehatvqkoax } gmnq|kvmwkx |agoaikx"cliavmwkx a mewaevmwkx (tc| ai%9 |ah`kyk| ok apmxvaehmk bkva|mko fao qemhc|emc } khatfao hklkooc-% ] xm oc mfaevmgmhkfc ax qek aevmfkf"ecbl|a wa|lko / oønmhk } |khmceko kqvc"hcexmxvaeva "hcbc Fmcx"/ kqe{qa ambtom{qa klxcoqvkbaeva qek fabcxv|khmøe fa apmxvaehmk#hcexmxvaehmk#axaehmk agahvmwk/ ok eankhmøe oønmhc"vapvqko |ambt|chafaeva tc|{qa ax baecx hcexmxvaeva {qa ao cliavc fa xq eankhmøe (baecx oønmhk/ baecx axaehmko-/ c fmh`c ae ok ta|xtfao B%T%9 tc|{qa fmh`k eankhmøe mbtomhk |akomyk| qe hcexv|qhvc txâ{qmhc mbtcvaeva/ fílmo/ wqoea|kloa c ,mega|mc|, keva ao hcexvtxâ{qmhc fao cliavc eankfc (xak tc| xq mbknae }#c tc| xq wa|lkomfkf -% Ax ao khma|vc } oâbmva fao k|nqbaevc vacoønmhc fa Xke Kexvko way ec fabqaxv|k hklkobaeva ok apmxvaehmk fa Fmcx/ ta|c xâ ok mbtcxmlmomfkf fa eank|ok% Konc xmbmok| xqhafa hce ao vabk Omlta|c ae cv|k ta|xtahvmwk/ fkfc {qa okx eankhmceax {qa fa vko wkoc|/ gkhqovkf } hqkomfkf xa xqaoae `kha|/ k fmga|aehmk fao vabaxvëe |aga|mfkx k qek xaexkhmøe/ k konc eqehk fagmemfc (aphatvc konqekx bavëgc|kx mev|kvkloax oønmhkbaeva c konqekx gc|bqokhfílmoax-% Oqanc ao eankfc| fm|ë9 ,ec `k} t|cloabk+%%%/ t|mba|c fagmec oc {qa ax Omla|vkf } oqanc ok emanc hce |kycekbmaevcx lkae ok awmfaehmk abtâ|mhk %%%,% Ta|c xm ocn|k|k axk fagmemhmøe/ qek kqvíevmhk fagmemhmøe } aptomhkhmøe/ aevcehax vaef|âk aeva bkehcehatvc hcexmxvaeva c qek gc|bqokhmøe fmxhq|xmwk oønmhk+%%%/ t|ëhvmhkbaeva mewqoea|kloa (tc|{qa ax xcxvaemfk tc| ao Ocncxoønmhk |agoaik-% Ta|c ío |atomhk|ë9 ,³{qmíe kxanq|k k t|mc|m {qa axa hcehatvc ax vke xqxvkehmko a mevchkloa3%%%/ ³{qmíe nk|kevmy`k}k qe hcehatvc bâembkbaeva hcexmxvaeva3%%%+% K{qâ aev|kbcx k hceg|cevk| ocx fcx vmtcx fa awmfaehmk gaecbíemhk c ktk|aev

oqh`ke tc| hcegm|bk| c kem{qmok| ok echmøe fa Omla|vkf9 ok awmfaehmk bkva|mko"gâxmhk {qa tk|aha fabcxv|k| {qa wmwmbcx ae qe bfa tq|cx fava|bmemxbcx } hqkefc bqh`c khhmfaevkomfkfax/ kyk|ax/ m||anqok|mfkfax: } ok mevqmhmøe t|cgqefk {qa clxa|whcevabtok ae ok `mxvc|mk `qbkek qek xqhaxmøe hcevmeqk fa h|akvmwmfkf/ mewaehmøe } omla|vkf: omla|vkf bc|ko } apmxvaehmko: qek hkmbt|awmxmloa fa ecwafkfax cliavmwkx% Ta|c ae hqko{qma| hkxc/ ao eankfc| ec |ah`kyk xøoc axk mevqmhmøe/ xmec ao hcehatvc/ ok |khmceko fa omla|vkf: } fala `kha|oc kxâ tc|{qa xm xa ombmvk k eank| oc {qa tk|k ío ax ok tkvcocnâk kgahvmwk fa qek moqxmøe/ aeg|ae|maxnc bk}c|9 {qa ae hqko{qma| bcbaevc ktk|ayhk qek vac|mykhmøe bëx mehmxmwk/ qek fabcxv|khmøe oønmhc"|khmceko } gaecbaecxcl|a ao wkoc| } |akomfkf fa ok Omla|vkf: {qa mewkomfa xq eankhmøe%l%" Tk|k eank| konc `k} {qa kxqbm| qek hcefmhmøe {qa ta|bmvk `kha|oc/ qek fmxtcxmhmøe ta|xceko ae#hce#tc| ok |akomfkf/ vk

 iqxvmgm{qa k{qaook mevaehmøe } t|cwak qe ,tqevc fa wmxvk, xqgmhmaeva } hc`a|aeva hce ok khhmøe c khvc eankfc|% ³Hqëo ax ao ,tqewmxvk, }#c ok hcefmhmøe fa {qmae emank ok Omla|vkf3%%% Xak hqko xak/ ax ok hcefmhmøe fa konqmae {qa ec ax oml|a/ fkfc {qa xant|ctmk t|ctcxmhmøe/ ok omla|vkf ax mbtcxmloa% ] xm aevcehax ec ax oml|a/ vkbtchc ax oml|a fa agahvqk| qe khvc txmhc"mevaoahvmwc |agoh|âvmhc } eankfc| fa ok omla|vkf: tc|{qa ok eankhmøe mbtomhk qek |a"goapmøe/ qe xmvqk|ecx keva ok klxv|khhmøe c ao hcehatvc fa ,khcefmhmøe } khvmvqf mbt|ctmk/ mbtcxmloa ae qe bqefc fa aevax ec oml|ax/ fava|bmekfcx/ xcbavmfcx tkxmwkbaeva k fava|bmekevax% Ok tmaf|k/ ao ë|lco/ ao xmbmc ec xce oml|ax/ ec xce bc|kobaeva oml|ax } xâ apmxvae ae |axtqaxvk k qe hceiqewk|mkloax#fava|bmekevax keva okx hqkoax ec vmaeae tcfa| |agoapmwc c h|âvmhc konqec: } tc| aefa em xm{qma|k tqafae mewaevk| qek mfa omla|vkf } baecx eank|ok+%%% Fa axva vmtc fa hcev|kfmhhmøe bavcfcoønmhk } necxacoønmhk xøoc xa xkowke {qmaeax xcxvt|afmhkfcx kgm|bkvmwcx } axv|qhvq|ko#xmxvíbmhkbaeva kgmeax/ høexcecx/ keëocncx ko hcevaemfc cliavmwc fa oc kgm|bkfc% Fahm| {h|aa ae ok omla|vkf ax qe khvc#khhmøe txmhc"bc|ko hc`a|aeva hce ao hcevaemfc fa fmh`k kgm|bkhmøe: a mehoqxc eank| ok omla|vkf octa|c hcbc hcev|kfmhhmøe% Ax fahm|9 xøoc tc|{qa xc} oml|a tqafc fk|ba ao oqic fa hcbava| ao a||c| fa eank| fmh`k omla|vkf+%%%K t|ctøxmvc9 Laeafmhvc PWM hmvk k xke Mnekhmc (fmëocnc mbt|cwmxkfc hce xabmek|mxvkx ao ;>#<#<44>-%9%S,%%% Xqxhmta/ Fcbmea/ qemwa|xkb bakb omla|vkvab% Khhmta babc|mkb/ mevaooahvqb kv{qa wcoqevkvab cbeab% [qmf{qmf `klac wao tcxxmfac bm`m ok|nmvqx ax:vcvqb |axvmvqc/ kh vqka t|c|xqx wcoqevkvm v|kfc nqla|ekefqb% Kbc|ab vqm xcoqb hqb n|kvmk vqk bm`m fceax/ av fmwax xqb xkvmx/ eah komqf {qmf{qkb qov|k tcxhc,(,Vcbk bm Xaûc|/ } |ahmla bm omla|vkf/ bm babc|mk/ bm aevaefmbmaevc } vcfk bm wcoqevkf/ vcfc bm `kla| } bm tcxaa|% Vù ba oc fmxva/ k Vm/ Xaûc|/ oc vc|ec: vcfc afmxtøe fa aooc hcegc|ba k vq wcoqevkf% Fkba vq kbc| } n|khmk/ {qa axvc ba lkxvk,% Xanùe qek v|kfqhhmøe omvù|nmhk |atc|vkfk tc| YAEMV%c|n-%

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t|ahmkfkx/ ta|c ec hcbc |aeqehmk xa|wmo k xa| oc {qa Ío bmxbc ecx mewmvk k ,xa|,/ xmec tc|{qa axvëe hc||cbtmfkx/ fan|kfcgqxhkfkx/ bq} meqvmomykfkx } k wahax ta|"wa|vmfkx: tk|k {qa okx tq|mgm{qa/ tcvaehma } klxcoqvmha/ kh|ahaevëefcokx `kxvk xq aeítcvaehmk {qa |kfmhk ok |kây fa aookx9 ao t|ctmc Fmcx h|akfc| ta|xceko/ qec } v|mec/ ao Fmcx fa kbc| } omla|vkf: fa wmfk } h|akvmwmfkf"""""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%00 ,XAEXKHMCEAX FA OMLA\VKF, (<4#8#<44>-@c} ae ok ech`a taexklk oc xmnqmaeva9 ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf vaeabcx faxacx/ nkekx fa vaea| c `kha| hcxkx axtahâgmhkx {qa hqketqafae xa| |akomykfkx/ ecx `khae taexk| ae ok omla|vkf eankfk c mbtafmfk% Tc| ai%9 ba nqxvk|âk iqnk| vaemx eqawkbaeva ta|c fabm oaxmøe ae ok |cfmook ec tqafc/ } aevcehax tmaexc9 ec xc} oml|a fa iqnk| vaemx %%% ³Ax qek apt|axmøe hc||ahvk c xøoc qe bfmhaefm 3%%% Tc|{qa lmae tcf|âk fahm|9 vaenc nkekx fa iqnk| vaemx } ec tqafc/ c {qmxma|k `kha| vko hcxk } ec ba faike avh% ³Tk|aevcehax mewchk| ok tkokl|k Omla|vkf } xq bmxva|mc3%%% ³Xmbtoa `ëlmvc hqovq|ko"xabëevmhc3%%% Tqafa xa| xøoc ok hcxvqbl|a/ c qe tc|avø|mhk c %%% ‧ c qek kt|ctmkfk baehmøe k qe n|ke vabk |akobaeva xql}khaeva/ qxkefc qek fa axvkx tkokl|kx |a "hk|nkxmnemgmhkhmcekobaeva tcvaevax/ {qa hcexa|wke xq tcvaehmk tc| xcl|a okx fmxvc|xmceax hqovq|koax: tkokl|kx {qa abtoakbcx mnec|xq xmnemgmhkfc axtahâgmhc ta|c mevq}íefcoc% Oqanc xkoâ ko tkvmc v|kxa|c fa ok hkxk } kooâ ae ok {qmavqf fa bafmkech`a taexí9 tc| oc`k} qe hceiqevc fa tcxmlmomfkfax (} xq hcev|k|mc9 mbtcxmlmomfkfax c fmgmhqovkfax- axtahâgmhkx/ t|ctmkx fa ok wmfk apmxvaeva c ,va||vcfkx bq} axtahâgmhkx } khcvkfkx k oc hceh|avc/ oc cliavqko c k{qaooc {qa vmaea ecbl|a tk|vmhqok|/ xak qek khhmøe/ cliavc/ axvkëembc meva|ec c t|c}ahhmøe apva|ekomykfk: xak konc {qa ke`aoc `kha| c vaea| cliavmwkbaeva c hma|vk hcefmhmøe abchmcekktavayhc } {qa ec fmxg|qvc% Ai%9 faxak|âk xaevm|ba lmae/ ec vaea| axva fcoc| c axva xqg|mbmaevc avh%/ } aooc ec xa fk } tc| aefa exmaevc oml|a3%%%/ c xmbtoabaeva ec vaenc/ ec `knc c ec ba xmaevc hcbc {qmxma|k3%%% Hcbc xak/ ae ao baic| fa ocx hkxcx ok Omla|vqek nkbk fa omla|vkfax tcxmloax c axvkfcx apmxvaehmkoax% Bmaev|kx {qa ae ok toaemvqf aooc falma|k faxktk|aha| tc|{qa xm }k ec xaeva apmxvaeva xmec qe ,xa|,/ c {qmae ,ax,/ aooc ax qek hcefmhmøe } hqkomfkf klxcoqvk/ {qa klxcoqvmyk toaek } vcvkobaeva vcfktcxmlmomfkfax"tcvaehmkomfkfax: mbtomhkefc "aev|a cv|kx bqh`kx hcxkx" {qa }k ec vaef|âk faxacx mexkvmxgah`cx/ ekfk ba gkovk|âk/{qafk|âk tc| `kha| c vaea| } tc| oc vkevc }k ec tcf|âk `klok| fa omla|vkfax gkovkevax c g|qxv|kfkx/ } vkbtchc xa iqxvmgmhk|âk fahm

oml|a, c ,ba xmaevc oml|a,+%%% Ta|c axk ax ok wmxmøe {qa hqaxvmcec ko cevcocnmxbc hoëxmhc/ tc|{qa xa v|kfqha "faxfa bm khvqko tqewmxvk/ hcefmhmøe a meva|axax" ae qek mbknae fa ta|gahhmøe axvëvmhk/ hcexqbmfk/ vke ta|gahvk } klxcoqvk hcbc tqfma|k xa|ocaxvkvqk fa qe maoc ava|ec %%% Lmae xí {qa fmh`k mbknae axvëvmhk tchc c ekfk vmaea {qa wa| hce ok echmøe fa ok lakvmvqf apvëvmXa| {qa hcevabtok ko gqefkbaevc fa xq xa|/ Fmcx: ta|c cevcoønmhkbaeva aooc falma|k aevaefa|xa hcbc qek hqkomfkf tq|k/ faxh|mthmøe fa ok bavk"apmxvaehmkomfkf%Ta|c oc {qa t|avaefc ax ek||k| ok apta|maehmk fa axvk ech`a9 axvkefc qecx l|awax mexvkevax ae ao tkvmc/ hcevabtokefc ok eaxv|aookfk } fmxg|qvkefc axk gqnky axvkfâk k qek vabta|kvq|k kblmaeva bq} n|kvk/ xme |qmfcx em meva|ga|aehmkx: tc| qe mexvkevxaevâ lmae/ ec|bko/ ktkhmloa } ta|gahvkbaeva lmae %%% ] ae axa n|kvc a meqxqko bcbaevc taexí9 ³`k} qek xaexkhmøe naeí|mhk cfa omla|vkf 3%%% Ec tqafc fahm| {qa vqwmaxa qe xaevmbmaevc t|cgqefc {qa iqxvmgmhkxa fmh`c ktaokvmwc/ ta|c |agoapmcehcbtk|kvmwkbaeva } bëx kooë fa tcxmloax ombmvkhmceax c omla|vkfax eankvmwkx (qe xmbtoa fcoc| fa hklayk `kl|âk k||qmekfc#vaexmch|âvmhkbaeva fmh`k apta|maehmk wmwaehmko-/ ecví {qa axa ,xaevm|ba lmae, mbtomhklk qek t|cgqefk tky/ qe k|bceâk meva|ek } apvaxcl|avcfc/ axk |k|k/ ta|xmxvaeva } hkvanø|mhk mfaevmgmhkhmøe ,hcebmnc bmxbc,/ axa xaevm|ba ,}c, } xaevm|oc lmae% Aooc ec ax omlkùe %%%/ ta|c ba tk|ahmø {qa mehoqâk qek xqvmoâxmbk ta|c tcvaeva xaexkhmøe fa qe bavk"xaevmbmaevc/ qek bavk"abchmøe {qa xvaeâk {qa wa| hce ok Omla|vkf tq|k %%%/ } ec a|k |afqhvmloa k ok hcehmaehmk kqvc||aga|aeva fa ok mfaevmfkf }cmhk ecbmeko/ tk|ahmaefkonc t|ctmc/ fmga|aehmkfc %%% Ae tkokl|kx xmbtoax9 ae axa bcbaevc ,xaevâ {qa }c a|k, } {qa ,}c a|k oml|a,/ ec xmaefc oc bkqe{qa oc xanqefc gqaxa ,hkxm, mefmga|aehmkloa fa oc t|mba|c/ |ahcechmíefcoc xøoc tc| qe khvc |agoapmwc"kekoâvmhc `ah`c hfaomhkfayk {qa ao bcbaevc kba|mvklk/ tk|k ec axv|ctak|oc/ c tc|{qa ae axk hcefmhmøe xa tmaexk ae bcfc mnqkobaeva k|bøgoq}aeva/ ktkhmloa%Xøoc axc/ qek xqkwa } tcvaeva xaexkhmøe% ] falâk ek||k|oc tc|{qa ae vcfcx ocx hcbaevk|mcx keva|mc|ax fafmhkfcx k ok Omla|vkbkevqwa hkxm c vcvkobaeva ae ao tokec fao |kycekbmaevc cliavmwc/ mbta|xceko c bq} klxv|khvc%""""""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%=7%8 Va|ha|k oahvq|k9 ok n|ke ta|wa|xmøe fa ok Omla|vkf 9Faxfa ao Klc|vc k ok Hocekhmøe k ok oankomykhmøe fa wmhmcx/ ta|wa|xmceax/ mewa|xmceax% ³K {qmae faxkgâke3%%% Aptoâhmvk } cgmhmkobaevMnoaxmk Hkvøomhk/ tc| oc {qa ,ax,/ ,apmxva, } ,|a"t|axaevk,%%% (xa fmgqefa hma|vk ,baevkomfkf, xkh|cgølmhk } h|mxvcgølmhk/ vkblmíe hcbtomhmfkf hclk|fa fa ok bk}c|âk tclokhmceko fa ok h|mxvmkefkf } fa ok hkvcomhmfkf-% ³Faxkgâc k Fmcx3%%%/ ³ko toke fmwmec3%%% Xâ

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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mbtoâhmvc ae ok fagmemhmøe fa ok bavk"omla|vkf h|akvmwk hcbc konc {qa tk|k Fmcx ax qe `ah`c vcvko hcexvmvqmfc } tk|k ao `cbl|a  tcxmlmomfkf meva|bmekloa-: ax ao ax{qabk hcxbcoønmhc ava|emxvk/ t|ctmc fa qek wmxmøe fa Fmcx"xcoc"kiaec: ec fa Fmcx ta|xcv|memvk|mc {qa ax kbc| khvmwc } t|c"khvmwc c h|akvmwc: } |afqha ok h|akvmwmfkf k qek axtahma fa iqanc fmwmec hcefaxhaefmaeva/|ankoc n|kvqmvkbaeva hc||ahvc c tac| kùe/ k qek abkekhmøe bahëemhk/ qe agahvc fmwmec meawmvkloa } gkvkomxvk {qa ae fagmhcev|kfahm|âk ao t|mehmtmc fa ok omla|vkf% Aevcehax xmaevc {qa `k} {qa wkoc|myk| bëx ao wâehqoc axv|qhvq|ko } axv|qhvq|keva {qaev|a ao H|akfc| } ok H|mkvq|k kevax } axtahmkobaeva faxtqíx fa ok Aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc% Xme |ahka| ae xmbav|mxbcx c |aokhmcexmbav|mxvkx (xmbtoax t|c}ahhmceax fa bcfaocx txmhc"kgahvmwcx t|c}ahvkfcx hcehatvqkobaeva-: fmh`c wâehqoc axvkloaha|âk qek oa} (tc|#fa kbc| / ec bahëemhk- aev|a oc klxcoqvc } oc hcevmenaeva/ aev|a ok vcvkomfkf fmwmek } ok tk|vmhqok|mfkf `qbkek: } axkhaxmøe/ kxmnekhmøe }#c hqkomgmhkhmøe |agoaik fa hc"h|akvmwmfkf xa|âk bëx {qa qe iqanc ombmvkfc/ megmemvkbaeva bëx% Axk h|akvmwmfkf hcbc tcxmlmomfkf megmemvk/ meva|bmekloa }#c ava|ek fa tcxmlmomfkfax "faxfa ao tqevc fa wmxvk `qbkec (} `kloc }k

`qbkec v|kxhaefmfc ae ok toaemvqf c wmfk ava|ek-": hcevaef|âk fa konùe bcfc |ako/ hcbtoavc (vcvko- } agahvmwc qe bkvmy/ |atk|va fa ok megmemvqf fmwmek/ fa bcfc vko {qa axk meva|bmeklmomfkf }k ec xa|âk qe fagahvc c ombmvkhmøe/ xmec ,omla|vkf tq|k,: tc|{oc fm|í hcbc baic| tqafc-/ Fmcx `kl|âk kxqbmfc ae hma|vc bcfc ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek/ fmwmemyëefcok (tc| ok Aehk|ekhmfmwmemykefc xq tcvaehmko hc"h|akvmwc } va|bmekefc oc meva|bmekloa (hqkomvkvmwkbaeva/ kxmneëefcoa ok hqkomfkf fa ví|bmec/ oc hq|abmva ko gme#gmeko#gmekomfkf: {qa ae ok `mxvc|mk ktk|aha hcbc bavk  tqevc megoapmwc {qa ae ok toaemvqf xa t|c}ahvk `kxvk xq aetcvaehmk } xa kqvchcexvmvq}a ae xq t|ctmk mbknae ava|emykfk c ,h|akvmwmfkf hcevmeqk,%%% (axta|c xa aevmaefk konc fa oc {qa mexqna|m|/ tc|{qa ok mfak {qa xmaevc ax hcegqxk } bmx tkokl|kx mexqgmhmaevax-%

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tc|{qa fa axvkx |akomfkfax"wa|fkfax cliavmwkx (ocx |ahqa|fcx- fa|mwk lqaek tk|va fa k{qaooc {qa hcexvmvq}a ok wmfk txâ{qmhapmxvaehmkomfkf% Tcf|âk koank|xa {qa ok babc|mk ax vke fava|bmekeva c |axv|mhvmwk hcbc ao hqa|tc c hqko{qma| |akomfkf"wcliavmwk: ec xmaefc oc apmxvaeva qe clxvëhqoc tk|k ao aia|hmhmc fa ok omla|vkf bc|ko } h|akvmwk/ xmec xq axhaek|mc c hcefmhmøbkemgaxvkhmøe/ } kxâ ax tc| qek xmbtoa } tcfa|cxk |kyøe9 oc apmxvaeva ec ax qek hkevmfkf fa bkva|mk }k hcexvmvqmfk } bcwmbatc| qe tk{qava fa oa}ax bahëemhkx hcbc h|aa ao bkva|mkomxbc/ em axk vma||k fa ekfma fcefa |amek ok hcegqxmøe/ ao hkcxqliavmwmxbc c ok mefava|bmekhmøe em cv|k hcxk konqek {qa ,xak konc, tc|{qa oc apmxvaeva ax qe t|c}ahvc"t|chaxc ae hq||akomykhmøe/ } xq |akomfkf"wa|fkf ax tcvaehmko/ t|afaxvmekfk k xa| konc c k xa|/ ta|c axa ,xa|, ec ax qek mbknae t|afava|bmet|afava|bmekeva k xøoc faxhql|m|/ xmec k hc"h|ak| } hc"|akomyk|+% Ok fqfk ax qe a{qmwkoaeva khvqkomykfc fa ok bmxbk meva||cnkevkgahvklk k ok kevmnqk echmøe fa ,mehcexhmaeva, (ae bqh`cx kxtahvcx a{qmwkoaeva k ok fa Xmxvabk Beíxmhc/ kqe{qa bëx kblmnqk } hcev|kfmhvc|mk c mexqxvkehmko tc| |a"eank| vkevc fa oc bkva|mko hcbc fa oc axtm|mvqko-: gqehmcekomfkf txâ{qmhk {qa baevkomfkf txmhcocnmxvk va|bmeø xmaefc qe tcfa|cxc kevkncemxvk fa ok omla|vkf/ tc|{qa tk|ahâk {qa eqaxv|kx bëx xqlxqta|mc|ax } axtm|mvqkoax khhmceax/ |akhhmceax } fahmxmceax ec a|ke vke oml|ax } fa `ah`c ec oc a|ke ae klxcoqvc/ xhcefmhmcekfkx/ fava|bmekfkx c hkqxkfkx tc| ao hceiqevc fa okx tqoxmceax ,mehcexhmaevax, (c tc| ao fava|bmemxbc naeívmhcbahkemhmxbc lmc"{qâbmhc/ c ocx gkhvc|ax xchmc"ahceøbmhcx/ c ocx hcefmhmcekbmaevcx hqovq|koax avh% %%%-%Ta|c xmabt|a |ahc|fabcx axvc9 ao t|mba| mefmhmc xcl|a ok wa|fkf"|akomfkf fa ok Omla|vkf  ax {qa `kloabcx fa aooc+%%%baehmceabcx axk tkokl|k+++: tc|{qa ocx kembkoax ec xce oml|ax } ec `kloke fa omla|vkf/ } ocx ë|lcoax } okx tmaf|kx ec oc xce } tec baehmceke ok tkokl|k ,omla|vkf,%%%+%Ae hqkevc ko moqxmcemxbc c bmvc fava|bmemxvk"bahkemhmxvk/ }k fmia oc {qa vaeâk {qa fahm| ae k|kx k |awaok| ok |akomfkf axtoíefmfbmxva|mc xqbc fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko } H|akvmwk: } axva hcbaevk|mc hcehma|ea k qek axtahmgmhmfkf9 ³ {qí vke oml|ax xcbcx |axtahvchcevaemfcx beíxmhcx c ,|ahqa|fcx, 3%%%/ ³hqëoax xce ocx |kencx ec|bkoax } ekvq|koax fa ok omla|vkf txmhc"bc|ko } h|akvmwk |axtahvbabc|mk3%%% Tc|{qa xklabcx {qa qe aphaxc fa mebcwmomxbc c axhoa|cxmx txâ{qmhk ax vke bkok xaûko hcbc xq hcev|k|mc9 ao aphav|kexgc|bkhmøe gkevkxmcxk {qa faxc|faek/ fa"gc|bk } fax"gmnq|k ao |aga|aeva cliavmwc ,`khmaefc ta|fa| hcevkhvc hce ok |akoKblkx kecbkoâkx |axv|menae/ kv|cgmke c mehoqxc me`klmomvke ok hktkhmfkf `qbkek fa kfktvkhmøe oml|a/ khvmwk } h|akvmwk k ok |afmeëbmhk }#c tcvaehmko (meva|mc| } apva|mc|-% ³Xa|ë aevcehax qek hqaxvmøe fa a{qmoml|mc/ fa ví|bmec bafmc3%%% Ae tk|va/ ta|tk|aha bëx mbtc|vkeva ok fmxvmehmøe aev|a Omla|vkf Bc|ko } H|akvmwk9 ok t|mba|k vkblmíe mehoq}a ok hc } t|c"h|akvmwmfkf (mbtcxm

`kha|oc/ ax ok oa}"hcefmhmøe fa oc `qbkec-/ ta|c hcexmxva vkblmíe ae ok fahmxmøe"cthmøe ae hkfk ,bcbaevc apmxvaehmko, mevan|ko c tk|kføimhkbaeva9 hcevmeqk } g|ahqaehmkobaeva ctvkbcx aev|a ,lmae } bko,/ } xm lmae fmh`k cthmøe ax t|khvmhkfk xchcevmeqmfkf `mxvø|mhk {qa ax hc"h|akvmwk (ec ax qek |akomfkf }k hcexvmvqmfk/ xmec qe T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe"H|akhmøe ae hq|xcecx mewcoqh|k-/ ,ax, vkblmíe qe bcbaevc øevmhc/ qe mexvkeva megmemvc a megmemvaxmbko fa klxcoqvay ae } tc| ao hqko ao kobk faev|a qek xmnemgmhkehmk wkoø|mhk {qa oqanc xa bkemgmaxvk apmxvaehmkobaeva hcbc ktomhkhmøe/ fm|ahhmcekomfkf c ,xaevmfc,% Ao bcem|mxbc cg|aha qe lqae aiabtoc fa høbc v|kvk| c kt|cwah`k| oml|a"h|akvmwkbaeva ao bkva|mko ceâ|mhc/ xme kova|k|oc/hcexv|q}aefc faxfa aooc/ } em xm{qma|k9 faxfa xqx eankvmwmfkfax/ t|ctcxmhmceax eqawkx } tcxmvmwkx: |kfmhko/ tq|k } klxcoqvkbeqawkx/ {qa ec hcexqbae em kova|ke ao t|ahafaeva beíxmhc (ao bkva|mko fa ok babc|mk/ ocx ,|ahqa|fcx, faxfa } hce ocx hqkaxh|mlae okx `mxvc|mkx ceâ|mhkx (faxfa } hce xqx kova|khmceax ae xâ/ xanùe bm `mtøvaxmx/ fa oc hqko t|chafae ocx t|a"vapvcx mbtcxmlAe ví|bmecx ta|xcekoax/ gkbmomk|ax } xchmko"hqovq|koax ax bëx gëhmo kt|ahmk| khma|vcx } a||c|ax ae ao v|kvkbmaevc fa ok babc,tkxkfc,: fmxvmenqmíefcxa ocx bmxbcx a||c|ax {qa hk|khva|myke ao  tkv`cx mefmwmfqko9 aphaxc fa hkblmc c |awcoqhmcek|mxbfaxv|q}a ok hcevmeqmfkf `mxvø|mhk } ko {qa|a| mbtcea| qe bqefc eqawc xme |kâhax va|bmek t|ctmhmkefc |an|axmceax k oc tac| ftkxkfc {qa xa {qa|âk xqta|k| (ai%9 ao ,hqovc k ok ta|xcekomfkf, c ,hqovc ko ta|xcekia, ae {qa va|bmeke ocx |anâbaeax bk

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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oaememxvkx/ kfc|kefc"waea|kefc k qek lq|fk/ tkvívmhk/ |mfâhqok } lokxgabk tk|cfmk fao Fmcx |a"eankfc-: c ao hcexa|wkfq|mxbcme`mla/ g|aek/ clxvkhqomyk ok omla|vkf h|akvmwk } ok goqaehmk fa ok wmfk"`mxvc|mk tc| aphaxc fa vabc|/ ke{qmocxkbmaevc fa n|beíxmhc"xmnemgmhkhmcekoax } |an|axmøe#|agqnmc ae qek mbknae bâvmhk fao ,tkxkfc, avh%""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%88 ,Ahcecbâk fa ok xkowkhmøe, } oâbmvax tk|k ok omla|vkf fa meva|waehmøe9Ae qek hcewa|xkhmøe xcxvaemfk vmabtc kv|ëx hce cv|kx ta|xcekx/ fmxhqvâkbcx xcl|a ok omhmvqf fa bkvk| k qe xa| `qbkec ae apv|abcx } iqxvmgmhkfcx% Ko |axtahvc ok fchv|mek hkvøomhk ax hok|k } qeâwchk9 hcefaek ok bqa|va } ao kxaxmekvc hcbc t|mehmtmc namefmxhqvmloa: ta|c hcexmfa|k hma|vkx kvaeqkevax a mehoqxc iqxvmgmhkevax/ xcl|avcfc ae hkxc fa ,oanâvmbk fagaexk,% Ok fqfk ktk|aha| hqkefc ecx xmvqkbcx ae qe awaevc `mtcvívmhc }k hoëxmhc9 vaemaefc ok ctc|vqemfkf fa kxaxmek| k @mvoa| (ec Xvkome tc|lmae íxva ax qe bcexv|qc naechmfk mnqko c tac| {qa ao cv|c/ ,vaeâk fav|ëx, ok bk{qmek|mk fao meva|ekhmceko"xchmkomxbc (hcbqe

hce xq mega|eko bahkemxbc c kevm"oønmhk } bqh`c ec `kl|âk hkblmkfc ao hq|xc fa ok `mxvc|mk fa bc|m| kevax fa vmabtc-/ xklmamevq}aefc oc {qa íxva `k|âk faxtqíx } xklmaefc {qa xq bqa|va vko way mbtafm|âk ocx `c||c|ax fa ok xanqefk nqa||k bqefmkohkbtcx fa apva|bmemc avh%/ ³`kl|âk xmfc bc|kobaeva oâhmvc aombmek|oc (,meva||qbtm| wcoqevk|mkbaeva xq apmxvaehmk, xanùaqgabmxbcx okmhmxvkx-/ hqko khhmøe fa oanâvmbk fagaexk fa ok hmwmomfkf } ok `qbkemfkf keva ao kqvc| fa khhmceax/ tcoâvmapta|mbaevcx mega|ekoax3%%% Xqtcemaefc |kycekloabaeva {qa ao ktk|kvkia tcoâvmhc fao ekhmceko"xchmkomxbc koabëe xa `kl|âk fxme ok t|axaehmk fa xq ,hk|mxbëvmhc, oâfa|/ xqhqblmaefc vkblmíe keva okx hcev|kfmhhmceax } hcegomhvcx meva|ecx% Aevcehax t|ctxmnqmaeva |agoapmøe9 ko bk|nae fa ok |axtcexklmomfkf } awaevqko hqotklmomfkf ta|xceko tc| vko khhmøe: ec ax xanq|c {qa xqx aggqaxae laeígmhcx tc|{qa9 xqtcenkbcx {qa @mvoa| bqa|a vabt|kekbaeva } ok `mxvc|mk hkblmk xq hq|xc: ta|c okx vaefaxcva||kfkx/ ocx n|kefax gkhvc|ax fa vaexmøe } t|axmøe {qa ocx hkqfmoocx meva|t|avke } hkvkomyke/ ko ec `kook| axk v|ënmhk gc|bapt|axmøe/ vko way xa khqbqok|âke bëx `kxvk naea|k| qe axvkoomfc tac| kùe/ hcbc tc| ai% qek nqa||k bqefmko hce k|bkx eqhoak|bk}c| hkevmfkf/ c qe faxa{qmoml|mc fa gqa|ykx {qa va|bmek|k hce qek bk}c| tk|va fa Aq|ctk xcbavmfk ko }qnc xcwmívmhc/ c ao Mb\cic apvaefmfc } axv|qhvq|kfc hce bk}c| gqa|yk } tc| aefa/ ta|fq|kefc bqh`c bëx ae ok `mxvc|mk avh% Mehoqxc axa cv|c toke me

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K`c|k {qma|c faxvkhk| ok xmnqmaeva mfak a `mtøvaxmx% Bkevaemaefc ok fmxvmehmøe aev|a Omla|vkf Bc|ko } H|akvmwk } lkxëefcba echmøe kevax aptqaxvk fa oc apmxvaeva hcbc ,T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe, c ,|akomfkf ae hq|xc fa hcexvmvqhmøe,9%" Ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk ec xa ktomhk c ec ax tcxmloa ae qe bk|hc fa |akomfkf fava|bmekfc"fava|bmekeva: bmaev|kx {qa xâ xa aevktomhkfk ko T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe/ k ok apmxvaehmkomfkf {qa ec ax kùe qek ,|akomfkf, (hcxk- hcbtoavkbaeva hcexvmvqmfk } {vmaefa k ok hcexvmvqhmøe meawmvkloa fa qe t|a"fmxaûc fava|bmekfc/ xmec k qek t|mba|k hqobmekhmøe xqta|mc| ,axaehmko, c toaek/ |tc| okx bk|hkx tcvaevax"tcvaehmkoax {qa Fmcx h|akfc| qec } v|mec ktomhk k xq h|akhmøe"khhmøe9 omla|vkf/ h|akvmwmfkf/ wmfk/ Aevaefmaefc {qa fmh`c t|chaxc/ `mxvc|mk }#c awcoqhmøe fmxhq||a } v|kexhq||a aev|a ocx emwaoax mega|mc|ax"bkva|mkoax } xqta|axtm|mvqkoax: aev|a oc ekvq|ko } oc bavk"ekvq|ko vko hcbc xa kt|ahmk ae ok axtoíefmfk hcexvmvqhmøe fa ok tk|kfcik txâ{qmhk c `qae ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva khvqko } xq wm|vqkomfkf c tcvaehmkomfkf% Ok fmga|aehmk aev|a kblkx ta|xtahvmwkx mehmfa ae vcfc c|fhcxkx/ tc|{qa xm ok |akomfkf }k axvë hklko } vcvkobaeva hcexvmvqmfk/ ao bk|nae fa omla|vkf t|c"khvmwk c h|akvmwk ax t|ëhvmhkbmeapmxvaeva }#c xa |afqha k xmbtoax khcbcfcx c meva|waehmceax baec|ax ae ocx bcwmbmaevcx meva|ecx fa bqvkhmøe/ hkwk|mkhmøe (ax ok omla|vkf {qa vmaea konqmae {qa ,iqank, hce fmay bkeykekx: konc tqafa `kha| ta|c ec bqh`c-: {qafkefc xt|mehmtmc fa Omla|vkf Bc|ko {qa |afqha k xq way ok xmnemgmhkhmcekomfkf fa ok wmfk `qbkek `mxvø|mhk k qe iqanc fa khma|vc  ‘ 

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 155/184

 

{qafkefc oc ,axtm|mvqko, c oc txmhc"keâbmhc xqta|mc| faxwmehqokfc fa ok lkxa bkva|mko (a||c| fqkomxvk-: tc|{qa kqe hqkefc ok |abkva|mko"apmxvaehmko gqaxa qe hkbtc ombmvkfc"hcexvmvqmfc fa tcxmlmomfkfax/ hkl|âk ok tcxmlmomfkf fa |abcevk|ecx k okx kovq|kx avfa oc axtm|mvqko"tq|c/ hce awaevqkoax bavk"omla|vkfax kiaekx k oc ,va||aeko,/ ax{qabk wkoø|mhc tokvcemxvk } bkem{qaâxvk {qa hcefmha hce ok wmxmøe mevan|ko fao h|mxvmkemxbc (} okx cv|kx |aomnmceax bcecvaâxvkx {qa vkblmíe xqta|ke ok hkqvmwmfkf fhcxbcwmxmceax xmbav|mxvkx } ava|emxvkx- em hce eqaxv|c khvqko yamvnamxv {qa ax clxaxmwkbaeva omla|vk|mc (ko bk|nae fa ocx omla|vmehcev|kfmhhmceax aev|a eac"bkva|mkomxvkx ' eac"fava|bmemxvkx hce ocx |aokvmwmxvkx-%Ta|c xm ok |akomfkf c Tk|kfcik Bqefc/ {qa mehoq}a a mevan|k ao t|mehmtmc axtm|mvqko (meva|mc|- } xq apt|axmøe bkva|mko/ ax qek `mxawcoqhmøe } ,T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe, bk|hkfc tc| qek xahqaehmk t|ahmxk fa bavk"tqevcx megoapmwcx c xkovcx#v|kexgc|bkhhqkomvkvmwkx (xmabt|a `khmk ok Bavk c Toaemvqf (,wmfk ava|ek,--: aevcehax ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk xa aevmaefa hce ba|mfmkek goekvq|komfkf } %%% ‧ } t|âxvmek omla|vkf"h|akvmwmfkf% ]k ec ax ba|c iqanc c t|qalk bc|komxvk/ xmec hcbt|cbmxc vcvko fa ok tcva

tcvaehmkomfkf `qbkek/ mewcoqh|kfk tc| aptoâhmvc aehk|nc fmwmec/ ae ok hqobmekhmøe fa ok hmbk c xqta|mc|mfkf  fao t|c}ahvc"b(,`kha| ao Lmae } `kha|oc lmae, ec ax xcokbaeva awmvk| a{qmwchk|ecx ko axhcna| aev|a qek nkbk ombmvkfk fa kova|ekvmwkx q cthmxmec kxqbm| ao |co t|c"h|akvmwc/ hc"h|akvmwc } |a"h|akvmwc: vko hcbc ax xqna|mfc ae ok tk|ëlcok awkeníomhk fa ocx vkoaevcx-%%" Aooc ta|bmva aevaefa| } aptomhk| baic| ok bmxbk Omla|vkf Bc|ko/ {qa fataefa|âk fa ok hkomgmhkhmøe xmnemgmhkhmceko (wkoc| ' xaefa ok t|c"h|akvmwmfkf/ hc"khvmwmfkf } |a"h|akvmwmfkf ae naea|ko fao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwc: tc| xq |co ,mevaapva|mc|,/ xqliavmwc } cliavmwc/ ae ok `mxvc|mk/ awcoqhmøe c ,T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe, (xmabt|a ae ok oâeak fa oc hqkomvkvmwc"xqta|{qa V% fa H`k|fme kt|ahmklk ae ví|bmecx fa hcbtoaimfkf h|ahmaeva } hqobmekeva: tc|{qa ax awmfaeva {qa xm lmae meva|waembbafmc kblmaeva/ ae axtahmko tk|k mbknmek|"hcexv|qm| ao axtkhmc"vmabtc k|vmgmhmko c ,hmqfkf, eahaxk|mc tk|k khcna| ok `mxvc|mk `qta|xceko/ gkbmomk| } xchmko/ ec ax vk|ak fa ok `qbkemfkf hc||anm| ao |qblc fa okx nkokpmkx c eaqv|komyk| ocx knqia|cx ean|cx c hkbao hq|xc awcoqvmwc fao qemwa|xc gâxmhc: {qa ae hma|vc bcfc xâ `khabcx ta|c ec hqkevmvkvmwk em víhemhk#bkva|mkobaeva-% Xm khvqt|c/ hc } |a"h|akvmwkbaeva ae qe bk|hc |aga|aehmko `mxvø|mhc ec xøoc fmeëbmhc xmec gmekomxvk/ ec xøoc hkblmkeva xmec ae toaec fa ,|akomykhmøe,/ ec xøoc t|a"wmxvc xmec h|akvmwc } ,ecwafcxc,/ xa aevmaefa baic| ao t|mehmtmc fa |axtcexklmomfkf bc|ko } oml

xqlxahqaeva: }k ec qe ba|c iqanc bc|koâxvmhc c  ta|gahhmceâxvmhc/ }k ec xmbtoa aeg|aevkbmaevc k okx kova|ekvmwkx klxcoqvmxvkkhma|vc"a||c|/ {qa vkblmíe axvëe } xce qek hcexvkeva ta|c ec |aga|mfkx k xâ bmxbkx em k høfmncx oankoax klxv|khvcx"kiaecx/ xf|kbk fa ok |aokhmøe aev|a oc ,tcxmloa"|akomykloa } oc |akomykfc, ae ao hcevapvc wm|vqko fa ok t|ctqaxvk fmwmek%%" Fqfk9 ³høbc hcehmomk| axvk `mtøvaxmx hce ao ax{qabk fa Xmxvabk Beíxmhc t|ctqaxvc hce xqx tokecx øevmhcx fa |anmxv|c } bwm|vqkoax3%%% Konc `klâk kevmhmtkfc ae konùe hcbaevk|mc tkxkfc/ ae hqkevc k {qa fmh`c xmxvabk"bahkemxbc ax ,kqvc"khcbcfkevkqvc"kiqxvk k ocx hkblmcx hqkomvkvmwcx meva|ecx } apva|ecx g|qvc fa ok t|c"khhmøe `qbkek xanùe ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk% C xakxmxvabk xmabt|a ,ktk|aha, (ax qe fahm|/ xmaefc qe c|nkemxbc gqehmceko øevmhc- hcbc konc ta|gahvk } vcvkobaeva fagfava|bmekfc } fava|bmekeva: ta|c k xq bcfc ax tk|vmhqok|/ |agoaik } ombmvkfkbaeva keëocnc k ok ,t|axhmaehmk, fmwmek {qa hcecmevan|ko fa eqaxv|k tcxmlmomfkfax } ec clxvkeva ec |afqha eqaxv|k omla|vkf bc|ko } h|akvmwk/ ec tc|{qa ec ,tqafk#{qma|k#f`kha|oc xmec tc|{qa vmaea qe bcfc klxcoqvk } ta|gahvkbaeva xqta|mc| fa fmkocnk| hce aook/ faxfa xq t|ctmk omla|vkf h|akvmwk {ao t|mehmtmc ,oml|a, fa ok eqaxv|k+%%% Kxâ bmxbc/ ocx ,bcofax wm|vqkoax, axvëe xmevcemykfcx axv|qhvq|ko } gqehmcekobaeva hce ok Va\ako fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc } xm lmae apmxvaehmkobaeva ktk|ahae hcbc |aga|aeva axvkloahmfc } hcexvmvqmfc/ xa kfktvke k xqx wkmxmnemgmhkhmcekoax/ {qa |agoaike øevmhk c axtm|mvqkobaeva (axc ec oc tcfabcx kt|ahmk| faxfa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf c mebkeaehmk/ t,xkla|oc, } ,fahm|oc,-%Ecvk tcxva|mc|9%S,%%% ok omla|vkf qbkek ax xmabt|a qek omla|vkf hcbtk|vmfk } xøoc tqafa gqehmcek| xm hcbtk|vmbcx eqaxv|kx omla|vkfax |axtavkefc wkoc|ax {qa xce hcbqeax k,%S Laeafmhvc PWM (<#=#<44>-%

Mbtc|vkeva kxtahvc fao vabk omla|vk|mc/ {qa ec `klâk hcbaevkfc% Ba |agma|c k {qa hqko{qma| kgm|bkhmøe c mehoqxc eankhmøe xcvabk Omla|vkf/ mbtomhk ok omla|vkf t|ctmk } kiaek fa khatvk| c |ah`kyk| fmh`k kgm|bkhmøe } aooc bk|hk qe bkvmy aphoqxmwc tk|kvabëvmhk tc|{qa ae cv|kx hqaxvmceax q ,cthmceax, axvë ae iqanc ao hcevaemfc c t|afmhkfc/ ta|c ec ao `ah`c bmxbc fa t|chokb,fahm|oc,% Ae hcexahqaehmk/ ok omla|vkf fa v|kvk| ao vabk Omla|vkf mbtomhk eahaxk|mkbaeva ok |aokhmøe hce ao cv|c } ocx cv|cx/ mbtomhk k xq way ok cv|k n|ke vabëvmhk fa ok Wa|fkf"Cliavmwk tc|{qa xme hcexmfa|k| } |axtavk| c mehoqxc waea|k| ok wa|fkfWa|fkf / ao fmëocnc |axqovk mbtcxmloa c qe xmbtoa lkmoa fa bëxhk|kx/ } fkfc {qa ,ekfma ae xq xkec iqmhmc, `klok c axh|mla tbmxbc/ vko |aokvmwmxbc mewkomfk fa |kây ao bmxbc fmxhq|xc%"""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%>6 %" Omla|vkf } Tcvaehmkomfkf (Omla|vkf PWMM-9Ae ví|bmecx apmxvaehmkoax/ ok omla|vkf bc|ko } h|akvmwk xce aevaefmloax baic| ae ok ta|xtahvmwk fa ok vaexmøe aev|a khvqkomtcvaehmkomfkf: oc hqko tokevak fa mebafmkvc ao t|cloabk fao fava|bmemxbc/ ao bahkemhmxbc } ao t|afaxvmekhmcemxbc: tc|{omla|vkf bc|ko keva eqaxv|c t|ctmc t|c}ahvc fa wmfk ax hcbt|aexmloa faxfa fcx tcxvq|kx apv |abkx9k%" bahkemhmxvk " fava|bmemxvk9 xm eqaxv|k tcvaehmkomfkf bm|k k qe gme#gmekomfkf {qa ax eqaxv|c axvkfc øtvmbc"toaec fa Xatcf|âk xqna|m| {qa xøoc vaeabcx ok cthmøe fa hcbtoavk|/ ta|gahhmcek|/ hqbtom| axk bavk/ faxvmec c tcxmlmomfkf qeâwchk: oc|axv|mena vcfkx okx omla|vkfax k ok ,omla|vkf fa ec a||k|, } ko mbta|kvmwc bc|ko fa `kha| ùemhkbaeva oc {qa `k} {qa `kha| tk|k ooxa|% Qek apt|axmøe fa axva bkvmy qe vkevc tk|kecmfa ax ok echmøe } wmxmøe fa ok Toaemvqf hqko axvkfc klxcoqvkbaeva fava|bmta|gahvc } axvëvmhc ae xq ,hcbtoavay, {qa }k ec kfbmva bëx wk|mkhmceax/ mewaehmceax/ xc|t|axkx c h|akhmceax% Ax ok e,ava|emxvk, fa ok ava|emfkf% Ae hqko{qma| hkxc/ ok hcbtceaeva eankvmwk"eankfc|k fa axva mbta|kvmwc ,ta|gahhmcemxvk, ax qekhcexvmvqvmwk fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko/ eahaxk|mk xm aevaefmfk } kxqbmfk xme |mnc|mxbcx eaq|cvmykevax em clxaxmcemxbcx hqotcxcx%l%" Ta|c xm ok Toaemvqf c ,wmfk ava|ek, ec ax qek ,apvëvmhk axvëvmhk, xmec qek bavk"apmxvaehmkomfkf {qa t|c}ahvk ok wmfk `khmk qekhc"h|akvmwmfkf ae xmevceâk hce ok hcevmeqkhmøe ava|ek fa ok h|akvmwmfkf fmwmek/ ok ,tcvaehmkomfkf khvqko, ec ax xøoc ao hkbmec |â

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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fava|bmemxvk `khmk qe gmeko hcehoqxmwc axvëvmhc/ xmec ao kha|hk|ecx ko bavk"memhmc fao megmemvc gmeko/ qek t|cn|axmøe `khmk qek Toa{qa }k ec ax ao hcenaokbmaevc ava|ec fa ok ta|gahhmøe xmbív|mhk ta|gahvk/ xmec ok aptkexmøe megmemvk a meva|bmekloa fa h|akvmwmfkf/ {qa aevcehax khvqk|abcx#|akomyk|abcx megmemvkbaeva ko xqta|k| okx ombmvkhmceax hqkevmvkvmwkx } hqkomvkvmwkx apmxvaehmkomfkf/ } kohkeyk| axk hcbqemøe hce Fmcx {qa khvmwk|ë ok bëpmbk tcvaehmk fa eqaxv|k hqkomfkf keëocnc"|agoaik fa Mbkn] ok t|cn|axmøe `khmk axk Bavk |agoaik|ë xq hqkomfkf/ } xa|ë vkblmíe qe gaeøbaec h|akvmwc/ ec qe hkbmec qemfmbaexmceko |axv|fcefa xcokbaeva hkla ok tcxmlmomfkf fa a||k|%Tc| oc fabëx falmaxa ookbk| ok kvaehmøe {qa ae qek bmxbk gkbmomk xqhafk {qa fcx `a|bkecx fa afkf xmbmok| } gc|bkhmøe xmbhcevapvc xchmc"hqovq|ko xmbmok| } hcexvmvqhmøe bc|gc"naeívmhk xmbmok|/ va|bmeae tc| ai% xmvqkfcx ae ocx apv|abcx ctqaxvcx tcoâvmhk (c kf`m|maefc k a{qmtcx fa gùvlco kevknøemhcx c hqko{qma| cv|k tcok|mfkf laomna|keva-% Keva aooc/ ao kekomxvk bahkemhmxv|akhhmcek lqxhkefc bëx bahkemxbcx hkqxkoax tc|{qa axvë t|a"clxaxmcekfc hce `kook| aptomhkhmceax fava|bmemxvkx } hkqxkomxvk

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t|ahafaehmk-% Tc|{qa xme Omla|vkf ec tqafa `kla| Kbc| kqvíevmhc (xøoc fataefaehmkx/ xqbmxmceax c hkqvmwmfkfax bëx c bkbkloax/ kbc|cxkx } kbkevax ta|c {qa ec xce em apt|axke em |at|axaevke k ok kqvíevmhk } tq|k Omla|vkf-% Hok|c {qa xa| oml|axcv|c t|a"|a{qmxmvc lkxvkeva clwmc a mexcxok}kloa9 apmxvm|/ axvk| wmwcx/ xa| hcexhmaevax (fa qec bmxbc/ fao bqefc: oc hqko "oc |aekfk vmaea {qa wa| hce n|kfcx fa oqhmfay baevko#ha|al|ko c emwao fa mevaomnaehmk#hqovq|k- avh% K`c|k lmae9 axvkefc wmwcx/ apmxvmxmaefc hcexhmaevax c t|cwmxvcx fa mfaevmfkf ecbmeko"}cmhk/ xâ wkoa t|achqtk|ecx tc| ok Omla|vkf: taexk|ok/ xaevm|ok/ eahaxfaxak|ok (k wahax |ah`kyk|ok9 ao ,xâef|cba fao `mic t|øfmnc, hkqxkfc tc| xqx apv|kwâcx bc|koax c xq bko qxc fa ok omla|vkffalmfc k okx hcexahqaehmkx eagkxvkx oc mefqha k qek |akhhmøe taefqok| lqxhkefc ok xanq|mfkf"|an|axmøe ko axvkfc t|cvanmfc kek xqx a{qmwchkhmceax {qa oa `mhma|ce hc||cbta| xq omla|vkf/ fanaea|ëefcok ae xmbtoa } ,oaikec, omla|vmekia-% Aevcehax xqhafahcbùe } ec|bko9 axkx bmxbkx ombmvkhmceax a mbta|gahhmceax {qa ok mev|cxtahhmøe h|âvmhk v|kfqha k ví|bmecx axtahâgmhcx/ `khmíexqg|m| tc| ec vaea| xqgmhmaeva fmea|c c v|ke{qmomfkf c lmaeaxvk| c tky meva|mc| c ga c axta|keyk c kbc|: `khae {qa meawmvkloabkfwm|vkbcx ec vaea| xqgmhmaeva omla|vkf/ oc hqko xa v|kfqha k xq way ae qe omxvkfc fa omla|vkfax axtahâgmhkx ae wa|xmøe eank,mexqgmhmaeva,9 ec xcbcx oml|ax fa m| k hqko{qma| tk|va c hcbt|k| hqko{qma| hcxk c axvk| megc|bkfcx fa vcfcx c ‧ avh% avh% av h% K,ec vaea| xqgmhmaeva omla|vkf, hcbmaeyk k a{qmtk|k|xa k qek hcehmaehmk kqvc"h|âvmhk {qa mefm|ahvkbaeva tcea ae ik{qa ao kt|mbc|fmko fa ta|gahhmøe/ klxcoqvay c toaemvqf/ ok ,ecxvkonmk t|c}ahvmwk,/ xaevmbmaevc ae c|mnae {qa ecx `kha xqg|m| tc| ao k|bceâk ta|fmfk ae ao t|cvc"tkxkfc } tc| ec kohkeyk| kùe "k |maxnc fa ec `kha|oc eqehk" ok bavk v|kxhaefaeva fcefa xa clvmaeqawk } gmeko wa|xmøe fa ok toaemvqf ta|gahvk% Ta|c axvkx hcexvkvkhmceax hcexvmvq}ae vkblmíe cv|c xaevmbmaevc a{qâwchc } taomntc| ao vmtc fa t|cvc"wa|fkf {qa mehoq}a9 ok echmøe fa ec"xa|"Fmcx (ae tk|va ax ok hcehmaehmk fa ec"xa| +/ ok taek moqxc|mk {qa fa|mhcegqefm| ao bcbaevc khvqko"tcvaehmko hce qe axvkfc gmeko/ a||c| abchmceko } fchv|mek|mc qxqko ae ao apmxvaehmkomxbc em`momxvk-9xcbcx Fmcx ax tc|{qa ‧%9 k{qâ ktk|aha qek n|ke kova|ekvmwk/ fmx}qevmwk }#q cthmøe aoahvmwk ({qmyëx ao xanqefc aia|hmhmc t|mbc|fOmla|vkf+-9%" |ahcecha| {qa xm ec xcbcx ao H|akfc|/ xcbcx h|mkvq|k (tk|hmko } |agoaikbaeva keëocnk ko H|akfc|9 ok Mbknc Fam-% Cthmøe hc||ah%" |ah`kyk| eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe khvqko#tcvaehmko } ,{qa|a|"xa|"Fmcx, fa vcfcx bcfcx% Cthmøe mehc||ahvk‧ Ax gëhmo |ahcecha| ae aooc ok xcoqhmøe }cmhk } ok megokhmøe ancmhk |axtahvmwkbaeva%Hqkefc hcbaeykbcx k xqbk| faxacx ",{qma|c/ {qma|c/ {qma|c axvc } k{qaooc‧,"/ xme xkla|oc } xme t|avaefa|oc fkbcx tëlqoc kofa ok megokhmøe ancmhk/ k axa wcoqevk|mxbc hq}k ,vcvkomfkf ombmvkfk, hcegc|bk qek axtahma fa tk|cfmk k ok wcoqevkf fmwmek

tcvaehmk }cmhk ta|gahvkbaeva oml|a } tcvaeva: konc {qa k axhkok hcvmfmkek xa ombmvk k qe hùbqoc ta|bkeaeva fa mexkvmxgkhhmcealmae c bko xm|wa hcbc bcvc| bcvmwkhmceko/ axtahmkobaeva xm ax |a"fm|ahhmcekfc c xqlombkfc `khmk ao lmae/ `khmk oc xqta|mc| : } ,axhkok bkh|c, naea|k okx bcexv|qcxmfkfax fao `mta|"hkqfmooc {qa vcfc oc xciqynk } ct|mba c kem{qmok tk|k ,`kha| |akomfkf xq fa tcfa| vcvko, (hce ao t|avapvc c iqxvmgmhkvmwc gkoxc fa konqek txaqfc"fchv|mek c txaqfc"|aomnmcxmfkf c txaqfc"mfaevmfkf íekhmceko/ tcoâvmhk avh%-% Ax qe tqevc h|qhmko ae vcfk ktomhkhmøe megc|bkvmwk } gc|bkvmwk (afqhkhmceko/ tafknønmhk/ hkva{qívmhk-9 fctc|vqekbaeva ao nm|c `khmk ok hcehmaehmk |ako/ ao kxqbm| ok hcefmhmøe fa h|mkvq|k xme hka| ae qe kl}ahvc xa|wmomxbc |aeqehmkvkxme fan|kfk| `khmk qe |axaevmbmaevc høxbmhc } xqlxahqaeva oqh`k hcev|k axa Fmcx {qa ax |ah`kykfc tc| xa|"Ío } ec xa| qec bhcbc xm gqaxa hqotkloa fa mbtafm| ok t|ctmk moqxmøe anchíev|mhk+% Ok xkek khatvkhmøe fa ok t|ctmk hcefmhmøe ax xmabt|a ,khvqko,aefa ,tcvaehmko, (xme ok Bavk/ xme xkla| k {qí axvkbcx t|a"faxvmekfcx a mewmvkfcx/ hqko{qma| |akomxbc ax ba|c } klxq|fc taxmb,[qma|c/ {qma|c } {qma|c‧,/ ok ktomhkhmøe c apt|axmøe hcevmenaeva } "aooc ax tcxmvmwc" t|ckhvmwk fa ok kblmwkoaeva ecxvkonmk#kûctk|kfmxâkhk (fao ,tk|kâxc ta|fmfc, } fao ,tk|kâxc gqvq|c,-: } "oc eankvmwc" tk|cfmk } xqt|abk hcev|kfmhhmøe9 {qa|a| xa| Fmcx xme xxme {qa|a| xa|oc tc|{qa tk|k axk mbknae hk|mhkvq|axhk fa Fmcx (ok moqxmøe agahvmxvk } anchíev|mhk fa klxcoqvay- hc||axtcefa qe afa tcfa|"vcvko {qa hkqxk ao agahvc hcev|k|mc: vko hcbc oa xqhafa ko eqawc |mhc/ k {qmae |ahmla qek `a|aehmk hcocxko c nkek qe x

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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t|abmc fa ok ocva|âk/ v|kx oc hqko okx ta{qaûkx c bafmkekx hcxkx } cliavmwcx {qa hcefmbaevklke xq wmfk `khmíefcok meva|axtma|fae vcfc meva|íx c wkoc|#xaevmfc%Xmnc |kycekefc ae ocx ví|bmecx fa ok omla|vkf eankvmwk c |axv|mhvmwk9 qek aega|bafkf "tc| ai%" hkqxk qek xa|ma fa |axv|mhhmceaxomla|vkfax ta|xcekoax (axvkefc aega|bcx tcfabcx `kha| baecx hcxkx kùe- } ec `kloc fa ok omla|vkf meva|mc| c ok tky#k|bceâqec bmxbc/ xmec fa ok omla|vkf"tc|"faxac% Ta|c kqe axvkefc ta|gahvkbaeva xkecx "xm axc gqaxa tcxmloa"/ ao xcoc `ah`c fa hcbc hqa|tc bkva|mko mbtomhk qek ok|nk omxvk fa |axv|mhhmceax k omla|vkfax tcxmloax c ,mbknmekloax, c faxakloax/ hcbc ao {qa|a|tc| ao km|a c axvk| ae fcx oqnk|ax k ok way c hc||a| k bmo jb% tc| `c|k‧ (ok vahecocnâk ktomhkfk ax qek hma|vk t|c}ahhmøe c , |akomykfa axvcx faxacx mexkvmxgah`cx/ hkqxkefc cv|c a{qâwchc moqxmcemxvk9 kxmnek|oa tcvaehmkomfkfax ,vcvkoax, ae hcev|k fa ok ta|xtaaxhkvcoønmhk c v|kxhaefaeva/ {qa ocx bkva|mkomxvkx emanke/ mevaevkefc hcbtaexk|oc hce axvk hcev|kfmhvc|mk } klxq|fk xkh|komykhklxcoqvmykhmøe fa oc hcevmenaeva-% Axva xmbtoa `ah`c {qa vcfcx apta|mbaevkbcx fa qe bcfc q cv|c/ ecx |abmva eqawkbaeva

n|ke tk|kfcik c txaqfc"vko (vkbtchc ax qek hcev|kfmhhmøe kqvíevmhk/ } aooc mexmeùk {qa xa v|kvk fa qe ,bmxva|mc,-9 eqaxv|c ,{qake`aok| c faxak|/ mefataefmaeva fa okx hkqxkx q c|ânaeax/ mbtomhk qe mbtcxmloa axv|qhvq|kfc9 ,{qa|a| xa| Fmcx ta|c xme xtc|{qa Fmcx ec vmaea nqxvcx/ ktavaehmkx em ke`aocx tk|vmhqok|ax"ombmvkfcx } baecx a{qâwchcx c me"xmnemgmhkevax% Axvkbcx kxâ kevfmxvc|xmøe fa axk khvqkomfkf ' tcvaehmkomfkf me`a|aeva k eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe hqkomvkvmwk hcbc Mbknc Fam tk|vmhqok| } keëocnc"|atc|{qa "kxâ ba oc tk|aha" `k xmfc hcxvqbl|a aevaefa| xcokbaeva ok bmvkf fao a{qâwchc } ,tkv`cx, fa ok megokhmøe awcoqevk|mxvk9 ao ,{qa|a| xa| Fmcx, {qa ae xq wa|xmøe bcfa|ek } tcxv"bcfa|ek |ahcecha xq klxq|fc"mbtcxmlmomfkf } oc v|kfqha aaxvmoc em`momxvk {qa hce hma|vc xaevmfc fao `qbc| "bq} ean|c" |axqaowa vcfc ao tk{qava f|kbëvmhc xkehmcekefc ok ,bqa|va fa Fao klxq|fc fa ok apmxvaehmk `qbkek (`k} vcfc qe bqefmooc khkfabmhmxvk {qa wmwa fa axvcx iqancx kgahvmwcx } hcehatvqkoax-: ovmaea vkevc xaevmfc hcbc {qa }c/ hcexvkvkefc ok mbtcxmlmomfkf fa xa| Bmh`kao Xh`qbkh`a| fahmfk {qa ío ec apmxva } {qapmxvaehmk ax qek gkvko l|cbk fao meapmxvaeva faxvmec (ec xa bkoaevmaefk ‧9 ok hcbtk|khmøe lqxhk xcokbaeva awmfaehmk| ao n|

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Ax xmbtoa9 ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva ax"axvë hcexhmaeva fa xâ/ axk meagkloa } axtoíefmfk mfaevmfkf }cmhk"ecbmeko/ |agoaic t|mbk|mcgmomkhmøe fmwmek/ mbt|cevk fao H|akfc| ae xq h|mkvq|k/ t|ctmafkf t|mba|k } gc|bko"gc|bkomykeva fa xq hqkomfkf hcbc Mbknkeëocnc"|agoaik"tk|vmhqok|% Ta|c t|axhmefmaefc tc| k`c|k fa axvkx wa|fkfax øevmhkx } cevcoønmhkx (ko baecx ,tcxmloax,-/ ba ombmhcexvkvk| qek |akhhmøe txmhc"bc|ko } keâbmhk mnqkobaeva t|mbk|mk/ xme hkomgmhk|ok kùe% Ba |agma|c k qec fa ocx t|mba|cx hcegomhvec ao t|mba|c" aev|a ao mefmwmfqc hcexmaeva fa xâ (} fa(o- bqefc- } ok hcehmaehmk fa Fmcx: c xm xa t|agma|a/ ok t|mba|k |axtqaxvk h|,|alaofa, fa ok h|mkvq|k `khmk xq H|akfc| hqkefc |akhhmcek ae gc|bk ancmhk keva ok hcexvkvkhmøe fa vko c|mnae/ t|aokhmøe } ktkt|a"fcbmekehmk% Ae tchkx tkokl|kx9Ao xa| `qbkec hcexhmaeva (fa xâ } fao bqefc"|akomfkf- xmaeva xmbqovëeakbaeva ok toaemvqf tcvaehmko fa xq gmomkhmøe fmwmekt|mehmtmc f |ah`kyc `khmk oc {qa ,tcf|âk,/ xm aevaefmfc } xaevmfc kxâ/ hcexvmvqm| qek ,ava|ek kbaekyk, k xq faxac fa vcvkomfkf (konc {qa oqanc hkomgmhk|í fa megokhmøe ancmhk/ ta|c fa bcbaevc ba ombmvc k faxh|mlm| hcbc `ah`c apmxvaehmko-: kbaekyk c ombmv

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 162/184

 

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ombtmk|oc c {qa oc v|kexgc|ba c ,v|kexgmnq|a,% ³Ax kxâ3%%% Ae tk|va/ ta|c xøoc ae ok ta|xtahvmwk fa qe Fmcx klxcoqvkbaeva kapva|ec k ok |akomfkf"bqefc/ ec hcbt|cbavmfc ae#hce aook/ ec t|axaeva ae aook: qe Fmcx kiaec"oaikec {qa xøoc ,hcevabt`mxvc|mk } xqx tcxmlmomfkfax ,faxfa gqa|k, } fahmfa {qí `kha| c ec `kha| (bkevaea|xa ko bk|nae/ meva|waem| fa way ae hqkefc/ tcxmlmomfkf fa qek kem{qmokhmøe vcvko‧+-% ] ae axvc xa kt|ahmk ok apv|kc|fmek|mk mbtc|vkehmk fa ok hcxbcníeaxmx h|mxvmkek } ao hma|vc fao Wa|lc aehk|ekfc {qa kxqba ok hcefmhmøe bkva|mko } `qbkek axvkloahmaefc qe eapc khvqko } tcvaehmko {qa ta|bk,`kxvk ao gme#gmeko fa ocx vmabtcx,/ aewmkefc k Fmcx"Axtâ|mvq ae ta|xcek tk|k {qa ecx khcbtkûa |ako/ ta|xceko } khvmwkbaeva (vok wa|fkf baecx aevaefmfk }#c baecx ,mbknmekfk, tc|{qa ao Axtâ|mvq Xkevc ax ok va|ha|k ta|xcek fa ok fmwmemfkf {qa bëx ecx hxaevm|"mfaevmgmhk|"mbknmek|/ falmfc ,ekvq|kobaeva, k xq ec hk|khva|mykhmøe ta|xceko"kev|ctcbø|gmhk } ec apt|axmøe ta|xcekomykok Lmlomk (`k} aphathmceax ae ao k|va lmykevmec-% Aevcehax vcfc hkblmk/ Fmcx axvë hce ecxcv|cx } xq t|axaehmk ax |ako"khvtcvaehmko"hcefmhmceko (ok |amva|khmøe fa ok omvq|nmk aqhk|âxvmhk ax ao t|mehmtko bcfc fa khvqkomyk| a mevaexmgmhk| fmh`k t|axaehmagmhkhmk `mxvø|mhk-: } tc| oc vkevc }k ec xa v|kvk fa qek |aokhmøe aev|a ao Iqay"apva|ec } ocx iqynkfcx"hcechmfcx"kekomykfcx% Aooc hkao aegc{qa9 ok hc"h|akvmwmfkf `qbkek } xq omla|vkf bc|ko xce tk|va fa qe fmëocnc/ ec fa qek |aokhmøe iqfmhmko"menaema|mo aeXqt|abc"Kiaec } xqx âegmbkx h|mkvq|kx hktkhax xcokbaeva fa a{qmwchk|xa ae hkxm vcfc oc {qa `khae } ec `khae%Ae hcexahqaehmk9 faxfa ao tqevc fa wmxvk `qbkec"mebkeaeva/ ,fa lqaekx k t|mba|kx, axvc xa aevmaefa hcbc qek axtahma fa

 t|mehmtmc fa meha|vmfqbl|a/ tc|{qa ae hkfk mexvkeva"bcbaevc fa |akomfkf/ ok mevan|ko fa okx tcxmlmomfkfax"tcxmloa xa aoawk } apk ok aeíxmbk tcvaehmk tc| ao t|mehmtmc fa h|akvmwmfkf {qa apt|axk/ bkemgmaxvk } ,|akomyk, k xâ }#c k ok axtoíefmfk a mombmvkfk ,megmefao Xa|/ hq}kx megmemvkx a meva|bmekloax tcxmlmomfkfax xa faxtomanke (ap"tomhke } aptkefae- ko vaec| fa ok tcvaehmk fmwmek v|memvk|ax tq|k omla|vkf/ tq|k h|akvmwmfkf } tq|c kbc|% Aooc ec fmgqbmek em hcegqefa em |aokvmwmyk ao mbta|kvmwc bc|ko {qa ax hqkomvkxmnemgmhkhmceko/ tc|{qa hkomgmhk c ,iqynk, hkfk khhmøe apmxvaehmko ae gqehmøe fa xq mehmfaehmk ae } tk|k ao t|c}ahvc gmekomxvk c tcvfa hkfk {qmae } fa ok vcvkomfkf: aoawkefc ao t|mehmtmc a mbta|kvmwc fa ok Omla|vkf } \axtcexklmomfkf Bc|ko k qe tokec megmemvkbxqta|mc| (ae oc hqkomvkvmwc } hqkevmvkvmwc/ ae oc axtm|mvqko } bkva|mko-% Tc| axc/ k{qaooc fa ,ec iqynk|, xa aevmaefa ec aphoqxmwkbhqko |ahcbaefkhmøe t|ëhvmhk } ívmhk "oc ax" ec xøoc hcbc ao |ahcechmbmaevc k ok mbtcxmlmomfkf bavcfcoønmhk/ cevcoøngaecbaecoønmhk tk|k hcecha| ok mevan|ko fa okx hcefmhmcekevax } tcxmlmomfkfax fao Bcbaevc fa \akomfkf {qa ta|bmva hkomgmxmnemgmhkhmcekomfkf (wkoc| ' xaevmfc-/ xmec vkblmíe tc|{qa axk ombmvkhmøe hcnecxhmvmwk xa v|kexgc|bk k qek oa} xqta|mc|  {qa bk|hk ao mbtafmbaevc c oc v|kexgc|bk } xqlombk ae mbtqoxc/ ae bavk"tcxmlmomfkf } bavk"|axtcexklmomfkf hc"h|akvmwk/ mewaevmw

xøoc awmvk| ,hcbava| a||c|ax, c ,tahk|,/ ec xøoc ,ec `kha| ao bko, xmec ao mbta|kvmwc xqt|abc fa ok wmfk/ ok omla|vkf/ ok h|akvmwmao kbc|/ hceiqnkefc vcfcx ocx wa|lcx fa ok tcvaehmkomfkf/ {qa tc| hma|vc abkeke fao Wa|lc h|akfc| {qmae ocx hcetk|vmhqok|baeva k xqx h|mkvq|kx tk|vmhqok|ax"tk|vmhqok|mykfkx% Kxâ ok ,t|axhmaehmk } t|cwmfaehmk fmwmek, ec ax xcokbaeva ok hkomgmhkhmøe mevan|ko xmec qek |aokhmøe mevan|ko aev|a ok Omla|vkf Fmwmek } ok Omla|vkf `qbkek/ {qa hcexvmvq}a qe va|ha| gkhv,iqmhmc,9 axk |aokhmøe bmxbk/ {qa xa hceiqnk øevmhk } gaecbíemhkbaeva ae axa bavk"awaevc ae c|mnae {qa gqa/ ax } xaaehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc } xq agahvc ,xkowâgmhc,/ {qa ec ax klxv|khvc em bënmhc xmec qek mexvkehmk nk|kevmykfk fa tcxmlv|kxhaefaeva/ k xa| |akomykfk/ ktomhkfk/ |a"mva|kfk ,xmabt|a, hcbc t|kpmx fa wmfk mevan|kfk/ oml|a/ h|akvmwk } kbc|cxk: } khvmwkhmøe |a"mva|kfk fao ,hqovc fmwmec, {qa hqobmek xmabt|a ae/ hce } tc| ok Aqhk|mxvâk%Aevcehax ax oønmhc/ ekvq|ko } tcxmvmwc aevaefa|/ xaevm| a mbknmek| ok T|axhmaehmk"T|cwmfaehmk Fmwmek hqko ,iqmhmc khvmwc/ tk|vmhmtkh|akvmwc,/ {qa Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec agahvùk apva|ek a meva|mc|baeva ko ,hc|kyøe, fao `cbl|a } fa ok |akomfkf%"""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;44 %" Omla|vkf PPM% Ok Omla|vkf Fmwmek9

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Ba fabc|í ta|c ooanqí‧9 ok hokwa haev|ko/ t|mehmtko } t|mbc|fmko tk|k aevaefa| fao n|ke bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf @qbkek "c ko bqek tmxvk k xanqm|‧" ax ao bavk"bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf Fmwmek/ ok omla|vkf {qa vqwc } vmaea Fmcx ko ,`kha| oc {qa `kha, c ,xa| oml`kha| oc {qa `kha } {qa|a| `kha| oc {qa `kha,% ³@kl|ë vabk bëx fmgâhmo fa taexk|/ aevaefa|/ mbknmek|/ xaevm|3%%% Ae axvc ec hkeaqv|komfkfax } ok bmxbk ,tk|kfcik fmwmek, {qa ecx ta|bmva ao bmxbâxmbc hcechmbmaevc ec |mna "vkbtchc oc `kha ae |agoapmøe kxcl|a ok fmwmemfkf ae klxv|khvc } Fmcx ae tk|vmhqok|"/ tc|{qa keva Fmcx ec tcfabcx ,xmvqk|ecx gqa|k, hcbc xm gqaxa qe vabk"capva|mc|/ fkfc {qa ec xøoc ecx hcehma|ea âevmbk } |kfmhkobaeva xmec {qa ecx mewcoqh|k tc| c|mnae } hcexvmvqhmøe } ,ocncx,/ xmaet|mehmtmc"gkhvc| hkqxko klxcoqvc } vcvko fa ,vcfk tcxmlmomfkf fa xa| } fa apmxvm|"tk|k"xa|,/ meva|ek } apva|ekbaeva k ecxcv|cx bm] bëx oc `kha v|kx ok Aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc {qa axvkloaha qe wâehqoc mbtaexkfc/ me"mbknmekfc } ae hma|vk gc|bk ,mbtcxmloa, tbqefc ekvq|ko/ aev|a ao H|akfc| } xq h|akhmøe ae naea|ko } xq cl|k bëpmbk9 ao xa| `qbkec k xq ,mbknae } xabaikeyk,% Tc| hkfk way {qa ,taexkbcx ao vabk fa ok omla|vkf fmwmek, xcbcx "tc| kxâ fahm|oc" tk|va fa qe khvc"khhmøe {qa mewcoqh|k fmh`k Oml

Axvc }k `k xmfc axvqfmkfc tc| okx t|mehmtkoax hc||maevax gmocxøgmhc"vacoønmhkx/ kqe{qa k bm aevaefa| gkovø aptomhmvk| bëx } bahqaxvmøe fao ,tqevc fa wmxvk, {qa hcbc fmia/ ec tqafa xa| em klxv|khvc em naeí|mhc em ,kiaec"apva|ec,: } oc {qa }k xa `k fmh`c ,ae ao vktava, qe kxtahvc fa axvk vabëvmhk {qa ax qek fa xqx t|mba|kx } bëx awmfaevax apt|axmceax9 ok omla|vkf fmwmek ae aoh|akvmwc fa eqaxv|c bqefc"|akomfkf (qemwa|xc"hcxbcx- xqxhmvkefc ok }k hoëxmhk fmxhqxmøe"fqfk9 ³ gqa"ax Fmcx oml|a fa `kla| ,`ah|akhmøe c ao t|c}ahvc fa |akomfkf, vko hcbc oc `myc c tqfc `kha|oc fa cv|c bcfc 3%%%/ meva||cnkeva {qa kvkûa fm|af|kbëvmhkbaeva k eqaxv|k |akhhmøe keva ao ,klxq|fc fao bko, {qa xm t|axhmefa fao mbta|kvmwc bc|ko"h|akvmwc fa ok Omla|vkf hcek axví|moax kûc|keykx fa qe c|fae ta|gahvc fcefa ec `qlma|k meiqxvmhmk/ bko } bqa|va/ oc hqko ax bq} hcbt|aexmloa "`qbkekb`klokefc‧" ta|c ec xøoc mbtcxmloa xmec hcev|kfmhvc|mc } eankvmwc tc|{qa mbtomhk ctvk| tc| qek |akomfkf fava|bmemxvk/ bahëemhhcexhmaeva/ xme wmfk/ h|akvmwmfkf/ tcxmlmomfkfax/ kbc|/ xme omla|vkf‧/ c xak9 ok apmxvaehmkomfkf fa ok tmaf|k ({qa vkbtchc ,ax tctc|{qa axa c|fae apmxvaehmko ax xøoc ok#qek mbknae t|awmk ae ok `mxvc|mk t|cn|axmwk {qa hqobmek t|mbk|mkbaeva ae ao xa| `q,mbknc Fam, faxvmekfc k ok toaemvqf fmwmek-% Axk kevmnqk } xqlxmxvaeva fmxhqxmøe/ vko hcbc axvklk (bko- tokevakfk/ hcefqxcoqhmceax a{qâwchkx9 qe Fmcx {qa tqfc mewaevk| cv|k |akomfkf "} aevcehax xq|na qek mexmfmcxk fqfk9 ³tc|{qí ec oc `myc3%%%"

wa|xmøe bahkemhmxvk fa qe Fmcx"fmcx"xcoc"kiaec {qa ec vaeâk cv|k cthmøe/ oc hqko emank {qa gqaxa oml|a"wcoqevk|mc"h|akvmwc } tcemank axk hqkomfkf axaehmko fao Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec (fmeëbmhc } h|akvmwc-/ eankefc ok omla|vkf"wmfk"kbc|/ eankefc ok tcxmlfa ok ,toaemvqf, } eankefc ko bmxbc xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva tc|{qa xm Fmcx ec gqa"ax oml|a fa `kha| okx hcxkx fa cv|c bcfc/ ecxec xa|âkbcx oml|ax } ec axvk|âkbcx fmxhqvmaefc axvc+%%% (xa|âkbcx"apmxvm|âkbcx hcbc tk|va mea|va fa qe c|fae bahëemhc: hcbtmaf|k } baecx kùe/ tc|{qa ok tmaf|k ec ax konc ae xâ xcl|a oc {qa tcfkbcx fahm| konc / xmec tk|va c qe bcbaevc fa qe t|c}a|akomykhmøe {qa hqobmek t|mba|kbaeva ae ecxcv|cx bmxbcx } kqe ec hcehoq}a gmeko } gmekoâxvmhkbaeva-%Ae cv|kx tkokl|kx9 axk kova|ekvmwk wcoqevk|mxbc bahkemhmxbc ax t|ctmk fao hcehatvc faâxvk"vaâxvk fao Fmcx"fmcx"xcoc } apvhq}k wa|xmøe bëx |akomxvk ax ok mbknae"echmøe fao ,fabmq|nc bëx c baecx mehcbtavaeva/ hkt|mh`cxc }#c bkoíwcoc,/ {awmfaevabaeva qek kbtqocxk hk|mhkvq|k fa ok wa|xmøe hc||cbtmfk fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek%Xqa|va tk|k ecxcv|cx {qa ec xak kxâ‧/ } ao axtoíefmfc bmxva|mc fa ok Omla|vkf xqlxmxva hce xq aphaoxk t|cbaxk fa kohkeyk| ao fmwmec/ klxcoqvc/ toaec c ,ava|ec, fcefa |amek ao ava|ec c ,ta|bkeaeva, kbc|/ wa|fkf/ laooayk } oml|a h|akvmwmfkf (ao meva|bmfaxtomanqa fa okx tcxmlmomfkfax fa xa| } fao"Xa|-/ } ao xqlxahqaeva |maxnc fa ec ocn|k| axk Bavk+ (ax ok hk|k chqovk c ao okfc cxhqok omla|vkf-%%%Ecvk tcxva|mc|9 hc||mic c t|ahmxc‧9 Tk|k aevaefa| }#c hcbt|aefa| ao bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf/ `k} {qa xa| oml|ax/ } ao xcoc `ah`c fa |agoapmcek| xcl|a aooc mefmhk³[qí xcbcx oml|ax3%%%/ {qmyëx/ xâ {qa xcbcx oml|ax fa taexk| } |agoapmcek| xcl|a ok ,tkokl|k Omla|vkf,% ] n|khmkx k axc ax {qa tfahm| oc xmnqmaeva9 ec lkxvk mewchk| ao bavk"bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf fmwmek/ ec xme xq |aokhmøe hce axk t|c}ahhmøe |agoaik/ tk|vmhn|kvqmvk ' oml|abaeva hce"hafmfk {qa ax ok omla|vkf `qbkek% Ax bëx9 cv|k tcxmloa hokwa xa|âk ec axk |aokhmøe ae xâ/ x,fmga|aehmk, {qa `k} aev|a ok omla|vkf fmwmek } ok omla|vkf `qbkek+ %Tc| cv|k tk|va/ ,xa| oml|ax, ax xmeøembc fa kxqbm| oml|a/ hcexhmaeva } khvmwkbaeva eqaxv|k tcxmhmøe } hcefmhmøe ,tk|vmhqok|"|agoaok bkemgaxvkhmøe fa okx meva|bmekloax tcxmlmomfkfax fa xa| } fao Xa| : } xa| oml|ax fa taexk| ok ,tkokl|k Omla|vkf,/ kfabëx faia|hmhmc |agoapmwc"omenÿâxvmhc/ ax tk|va fa eqaxv|k kfxh|mthmøe ko ahc |axcekeva fa ok Tkokl|k t|cwaemaeva fao Wa|lc h|akfc|/ {qxmvùk ae axk bavk"hcefmhmøe megmemvk"megmemvaxmbko |axtahvc k hqko{qma| apt|axmøe fa |akomfkf: {qa `a faecbmekfc ,Tk|kfcik Fmw{qa ax tk|va xqxvkevmwk } xqxvkehmcxk fao v|klkic hcnecxhmvmwc {qa fa konqek bkea|k `k fa |aokhmcek|xa hce ao v|klkic h|akvmwc%

 S,%%% Ax wa|fkf {qa ecx xaevmbcx hcbc kbaekykfcx tc| ok cbemtcvaehmk/ tk|aha ombmvk| eqaxv|k omla|vkf/ tk|aha qe taxc fabkxmkfc gqa|va,%%% %%% Ta|c vaeabkt|aefa| {qa ok cbemtcvaehmk fa Fmcx ec ax qe tcfa| k|lmv|k|mc/ tqax Fmcx ax ao Lmae/ ax ok Wa|fkf }/ tc| aooc/ Fmcx oc tqafa vcfc% Ec tqafa khvqk| hcev|k ao l

 tqafa khvqk| hcev|k ok wa|fkf/ ec tqafa khvqk| hcev|k ao kbc| } hcev|k ok omla|vkf/ tqax ío bmxbc ax ao Lmae/ ax ao Kbc| } ok wa|fkfa|k Omla|vkf %%% %%% ] tc| aooc {qa `kha ec tqafa m| hcev|k ok wa|fkf/ ao kbc| } ok omla|vkf,% ,Fmcx ax ao hqxvcfmc fa eqaxv|k omla|vkf/ fao kbc|/ fa ok wa|fkf %%% %%% Axva cic {qa ecx bm|k ec axbkoíwcoc/ {qa ecx wmnmok/ xmec ok t|axaehmk fa qe kbc| {qa eqehk ecx klkefcek/ } {qa ecx fk ok ha|vayk fa {qa ax lqaec xa|/ ax lqaec wmwm|% Ax ao cic fao kbc| {fk ao km|a tk|k wmwm| %%%,%S Laeafmhvc PWM (<6#>#<44=-

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;41 %" Oc lqaec fa ok ,Ea~ Kna, (bëx xcl|a Omla|vkf Bc|ko } Omla|vkf H|akvmwk- 9@a xmfc bq} h|âvmhc hce axva bcwmbmaevc } hqkxm"txaqfc"fchv|mek/ ae ví|bmecx cliavmwcx } |khmcekoax/ hqovq|koax/ `mxvø|mhcx/ bcmfacoønmhcx/ tcoâvmhcx/ kev|ctcoønmhcx/ txmhcoønmhcx‧ } bkevaenc oc fmh`c } xqx fmh`cx% Ta|c clxa|wkefc ok h|ahmaeva }mek||axvkloa wmcoaehmk {qa kxcok ao bqefc/ xak tc| ok h|mbmekomfkf faomehqaehmko/ tcoâvmhk/ mfacoønmhk c txaqfc"hqovq|ko c fmgqxmøe fa tkv|ceax hcefqhvqkoax l|qvkobaeva ancâxvkx {qa aexkoyke ok kn|axmwmfkf/ ok t|atcvaehmk } ao bkvcekia ae vcfkgc|bkx/ bcfcx } bcfkx tcxmloax "lkxvk hm|hqok| tc| ok hkooa k tma c ae lqx c ae wa`âhqoc tk|k vaea| ok xaexkhmøe fa axvk| ae qeaxkx hmqfkfax tcxv"ktchkoâtvmhkx fcefa |mna ok oa} fao bëx ,gqa|va, c bëx lmae fao bëx mblíhmo/ ao bëx vk|kfc/ ao bëx m||khmcbëx kn|axc|"kn|axmwc/ ao {qa tk|aha `kla| |aeqehmkfc ec xøoc k ok lcefkf } k ok hmwmomfkf xmec ao bëx bâembc axgqa|yc taexke

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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gaxvaic xme k||qmek|oa ok ech`a k okx gkbmomk {qa wmwae ko okfc fa eqaxv|k hkxk c fatk|vkbaevc% Oc fabëx "} ba |agma|c k okx gø|b{qâbmhkx } gâxmhkx c okx agabí|mfax bëx noc|mcxkx fa okx noc|mcxkx lkvkookx hce {qa eqaxv|cx t|øha|ax ecx fma|ce ok mefataefaehokx kovkx bkvabëvmhkx" {qa okx axvqfma {qmae {qma|k ae ok qemwa|xmfkf c ao mexvmvqvc axtahmkomykfc (fânkxa oc {qa xa fmnk/ okvcvkomfkf fa oc kt|a`aefmfc ae ok axhqaok ax cowmfkfc t|cevkbaeva } faik axhkxkx `qaookx/ aphatvc megc|bkhmceax } gc|bkhmceahkmnke ae va||aec gí|vmo/ ae baevkomfkfax t|a"fmxtqaxvkx k hma|vcx hcechmbmaevcx } víhemhkx axtahâgmhkx-% Axvc tokevak cv|c t|clofmoabk ,hoëxmhc,9 `k} ta|xcekx {qa tc| naeívmhk/ gc|bkhmøe gkbmomk|/ baevkomfkf } qe xmegâe fa cv|kx ,fava|bmekevhcefmhmcekevax,/ xmaevae qek ekvq|ko kwa|xmøe k vcfk gc|bk fa wmcoaehmk c kn|axmwmfkf } xa xmaevae bq} høbcfkx } xkvmxgbafmvkefc/ hcevabtokefc/ `khmaefc aia|hmhmcx |axtm|kvc|mcx } v|kexmvkefc tc| ok wmfk ae bcfc fmxh|avkbaeva naevmo/ ec mewkxmwhcbtqoxmwc/ vcoa|keva/ xmoaehmcxc/ ktkhmloa } ktkhmnqkfc|: bmaev|kx {qa cv|cx mefmwmfqcx } tc| okx bmxbkx |kyceax naeívmhkx afqhkfcx tc| tkf|ax eaq|øvmhcx } eaq|cvmykevax } wmcoaevmxvkx/ c tc| ao aphaxc fa menaxvk fa hcbmfk h`kvk||k {qa hcbc ax xhcev|mlq}a k gcbaevk| c mehaevmwk| c khaevqk| axvcx bkoax‧/ va|bmeke hcewa|vmfcx"|afqhmfcx ae ao qxqko bko"hmqfkfkec m|kxfaxhcexmfa|kfc/ mefmwmfqkomxvk"anchíev|mhc/ g|qxv|kfc/ aevcevahmfc } xmabt|a fmxtqaxvc } t|a"fmxtqaxvc k |axcowa| xqx hcegomhvcok wmcoaehmk fm|ahvk ({qa xm xa fke okx hcefmhmceax `mxvø|mhkx/ tqafa va|bmek| kwkokefc/ gkwc|ahmaefc c t|cwchkefc ao aba|n

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 167/184

 

,xmxvabkx mfacoønmhcx, }#c vm|kecx"hkqfmoocx"fmhvkfc|ax {qa xa kombaevke fa okx cfmcxmfkfax mefmwmfqkoax (okx |ahmlae a mexqbae t|c}ahhmøe/ kqbaevkefc xq ,tcfa|âc, k bafmfk {qa ocx mefmwmfqcx oax hce"hafae xq hcexmxvaehmk } wm|vqkomfkf ta|xceko |afqhmík ,bkxk,--% ³[qí `kha|3%%%/ okx gkevkxâkx c|~aoomkekx vmtc ,;=06, t|awaâke qe bank"xmxvabk {qa mbtceâk qe mnqkomvk|mxbc gcfax"ta|xcekomykefc "{qâbmhk } tcomhâk bafmkeva" k vcfcx (baecx k ok ,íomva,-: xmbtoa hk|mhkvq|mykhmøe vahec"gqehmceko faomoqbmemxvk fa ok ,mnqkofkf, ({qa hcegqefâk ok ta|vaeaehmk k ok axtahma"níea|c hce ao mnqkomvk|mxbc bkva|mko/ xme aevaefa| {t|mba|c xa apt|axklk ,hcbc, mefmwmfqkomfkf/ tk|vmhqok|mfkf/ xmenqok|mfkf } qemhmfkf ,ta|xceko"}cmhk,- } {qa xmnqa xmaefc qek ckv|khvmwk tk|k ocx gqefkbaevkomxbcx okmhmxvkx } txaqfc"|aomnmcxcx% Ta|c axc ec vmaea ,xaevmfc,/ ax klxq|fc/ eankvmwc a mbtckfabëx fa hcev|kfmhvc|mc tc|{qa xqtcea ok ta|xmxvaehmk fa qek bmec|âk k|mxvch|ëvmhc"comnë|{qmhk {qa naxvmcek ao ,tcfa|âc, vfahmfa hqko ax ao bcfaoc fa mnqkofkf"qemgc|bmfkf"mnqkomvk|mxbc ktomhkloa k ocx ap"mefmwmfqcx faxta|xcekomykfcx% ³Hqko xcoqhmøe3%%%/ xmbtoa } hcbtoaik k ok way9 ae t|mba| oqnk| `k} {qa fmga|aehmk| aev|a okx fmga|aehmkx"faxmnqkofkfax g|qvc

mbta|gahhmøe/ ao wmhmc/ ok bkofkf/ ok hc||qthmøe c ok ta|wa|xmøe } xqx fan|kfkhmceax/ } okx axtahmgmhmfkfax tcxmvmwkx t|ctmkx mefmwmfqkomfkf/ k{qaooc {qa ecx `kha xa| ùemhcx/ ta|xceko } xmenqok| } }cmhkbaeva ùemhcx/ axtahmkoax } ko bmxbc vmabtc keëocnc,cv|cx,/ k eqaxv|cx ,`a|bkecx,% [qa konqmae axví aega|bc fa hëeha| } cv|c ec oc axvë/ ec mbtomhk fcx ,bcfcx fa xa|"amnqkobaeva wëomfcx: } {qa konqmae xmaevk ekvq|ko t|ctaexmøe k ok xcomfk|mfkf/ k kbk| k xq t|øimbc } k xkh|mgmhk|xa tc| ío/ k fmga|fa cv|c {qa ekhmø t|afmxtqaxvc ko xkfmxbc } {qa va|bmek hcewa|vmfc ae qe vc|vq|kfc|/ vkbtchc apt|axk kova|ekvmwkx q ,cthmkeva okx hqkoax `k} {qa xa| laeíwcocx } vcoa|kevax+% ³Hqëo ax ao oâbmva/ hqkoax xce k{qaookx fmga|aehmkx } tk|vmhqok|mfkfax ,bkoíw{qa tcfabcx mevaevk| xqta|k|/ me`mlm|/ bcfmgmhk| xme hka| ae ao mnqkomvk|mxbc c xme ktokek| } apvm|tk| vkblmíe okx fmga|aehqemhmfkfax ta|xcekoax laeígmhkx/ tcxmvmwkx3%%% Tk|aha mbtcxmloa khok|k| axva tkec|kbk/ ta|c ec xa|âk vke fmgâhmo xm hcbaeyt|ahmxkefc ok oâeak {qa xatk|k ao Lmae fao bko / ok Wm|vqf fao Wmhmc: v|klkic hqovq|ko } ívmhc {qa ax ok hqobmekhmøe xchmko fao T|Bc|ko: } fkfc {qa k ocx `qbkecx ecx |axqovk|âk t|ëhvmhkbaeva mbtcxmloa `kha|oc/ Fmcx"ae"ta|xcek hcbaeyø t|mba|c k |awaok|wa|fkf } oqanc kxqbmø eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe t|axaevëefcxa } |a"t|axaevëefcxa k Xâ bmxbc } keva vcfc xâ bmxbc hcbc ok Wa|fkHkbmec/ ok Wa|fkf } ok Wmfk-% Axvc vmaea qek awmfaeva oønmhk ekvq|ko {qa tqafa xa| fmxhqvmfk } aevaefmfk mehoqxc gqa|k fao hce

|aomnmcxc"v|kxhaefaeva/ xmaefc bëx {qa awmfaeva {qa hqko{qma| ,xmxvabk, afqhkhmceko (gc|bkvmwc"megc|bkvmwc- } fa naxvmøe xøoc vaef|ë xmnemgmhkehmk c ,wkoc|"xaevmfc, xm ktqevk k ok aombmekhmøe fa okx fmga|aehmkx eankvmwkx } k ok apkovkhmøe fa okx hqkomfta|xcekoax tcxmvmwkx9 mnqkoax ae ok keqokhmøe fao Bko/ fmga|aevax ae ok apkovkhmøe mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwk fao Lmae/ fa okx hqkomfgkhqovkfax/ fceax/ hk|mxbkx/ vkoaevcx/ tcvaehmkomfkfax fa hkfk {qmae {qa xce"apmxvae xmabt|a hqko |aokhmøe vaexmceko t|cn|agmekomxvk aev|a ok vcvkomfkf"`qbkemfkf } ok xmenqok|mfkf }cmhk: tc|{qa vcfcx } hkfk {qmae xcbcx Mbknc Fam keëocnc"|aghcehafmfk ae hqkevc ]c"xâ bmxbc ecbmeko } ,tqaloc, (ekhmøe/ hcbqemfkf/ ekhmcekomfkf/ axtahma/ `qbkemfkf+%%%-% Ax gëaevaefa| xm fahmbcx {qa ekfma fala xqg|m| kvk{qax fa atmoatxmk c fa kenqxvmk bmaev|kx {qa ,ekfk bkoc, `k} ae {qa qec xaBcyk|v } cv|c qe Tmhkxxc } cv|c qe Amexvame } cv|c Tkf|a Tmc c qe xke G|kehmxhc fa Kxâx: } bmaev|kx bëx xmenqok|mfkfax bacikoë vcfcx/ tc|{qa ae ao gcefc xa v|kvk fa ok mnqkofkf keva ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko ({qa ax ,eankvmwk,/ }k {qa xa apt|axk hcbc vcfkx okx oa}ax oc xce9 qek xcok |axtqaxvk hc||ahvk (<*<26- a meva|bmekloax tcxmlmomfkfax fa a||c| {qa ec ta|fceke em kfbaphqxkx tc| bk}c| c baec| t|afmxtcxmhmøe xqliavmwk ko khma|vc c k ok a{qmwchkhmøe-/ } fa ok bk|kwmoocxk fmga|aehmk tc| ok OmlH|akvmwk/ {qa apt|axkefc |agoaikbaeva ok h|akvmwmfkf fmwmek/ aptok}k meva|bmekloabaeva okx tcxmlmomfkfax fa xa|"apmxvm| }#Xa|%Ao t|cloabk axvë k axhkok meva|bafmk/ hce axa m|kxhmloa `mxví|mhc {qa ec aevaefa|âk em ae bmo kûcx tc|{qí ec ax lqaec hm|hqok| |kfmc fa xq wa`âhqoc k vcfc wcoqbae (bcoaxvk k ocx fabëx/ fkûk xqx vâbtkecx } xa aevcevaha bëx fa oc {qa }k axvë-/ } hce axa{qa `kha fa ok k|bceâk } hcbtkvmlmomykhmøe kbmxvcxk hce ocx cv|cx xq axvmoc ekvq|ko fa hc"apmxvaehmk% Ta|c ok hokwa "c qek fah|ac c t|axmaevc {qa axvë ae oc fmh`c9 ok mnqkofkf mnqkomvk|mxvk {qa mbtcea ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko hce xq Oa}"oa}ax/ } ok fmga|aehmtcxmvmwk a meva|bmekloa fa ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk {qa aptoc|k } aptok}k okx meva|bmekloax tcxmlmomfkfax fa xa|"apmxvm| }#c fao Xa|agoaic hce"hafmfc } k"xmnekfc fa ok oml|a h|akvmwmfkf fmwmek `khmk ecxcv|cx%Ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko ax ,eankvmwk, } ecx xmvùk keva ao mbta|kvmwc fa ok Oa} } okx gc|bkomfkfax qeâwchkx fa okx wa|fkfax gc|b,<*<26, ax qek |axtqaxvk qemwa|xko a mnqko tk|k vcfcx/ c oc {qa ax hkxm oc bmxbc/ qe |aga|aeva qeâwchc keva hq}k apt|axmøe tcfabcx } falabcx mnqkok|ecx/ ec mbtc|vkefc xm tc| xa|"apmxvm| konqmae bëx kqfky t|aga|m|âk fahm| ,1, c xm tc| xa| bëx hcexa|wkt|ahmk|âk bëx qe ,8, hcbc xcoqhmøe k axk gø|bqok"ahqkhmøe ({qa xmnc qxkefc tk|k aiabtomgmhk|-% Ax ok mnqkofkf mecliavkloa kkgm|bkhmøe bc|ko hkvanø|mhk/ keva okx wa|fkfax oønmhkx: {qa ecx mbtaoae k mnqkok|ecx/ k kfktvk| eqaxv|k fmga|aehmkx } fagmhmaehmbta|kvmwc qeâwchc/ |afqhmíefcokx c hcev|coëefcokx oc xqgmhmaeva tk|k |ahcecha|/ aevaefa|/ khatvk|/ kxqbm| } ,fahm|, fmh`k w

}#c hqbtom| khvmwkbaeva xqx fava|bmekhmceax a mefmhkhmceax% Ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk tc| xq tk|va axvkloaha ao mbta|hcbtoabaevk|mc9 tcfabcx } falabcx hqbtom| eqaxv|c xmenqok| } ta|xceko |co/ vk|ak } aehk|nc t|c } hc"h|akvmwc: kxmnekfeqaxv|c H|akfc| {qmae ecx xmvùk ae ok hmbk hqkomvkvmwk fa xq H|akhmøe } |axtahvmwc ,t|c}ahvc fa |akomykhmøe,% Ax fahm|9 hkfk {hkfk mefmwmfqc xmenqok|/ tc| xa| ecbmeko } hcexmxvaevabaeva ùemhc "ae xq khvqkomfkf#khvqkomykhmøe tcvaehmko" vmaea qek axtaùemhk vk|ak } tcxmlmomfkf hc"h|akvmwk k faxk||cook|/ hqbtom| }#c |akomyk| ae } tc| xq hcevapvc apmxvaehmko c `mxvø|mhc/ `khmaefc `mxKonc {qa xøoc ío } ekfma bëx {qa ío tqafa |akomyk|/ } {qa xa hqkomgmhk/ ta|gahhmcek } tcvaehmk `kxvk xq aeíxmbk tcvaehmk xm wmehqmevan|kfc k okx cv|kx |akomykhmceax (meva|mc|ax 7 apva|mc|ax- tc| ok oa} fao Kbc|% Hkfk {qmae } vcfcx+%%%/ |akomykefc eqtcvaehmkomfkf hc"h|akvmwk ae ao bcfc ùemhc fa hkfk {qmae/ xmaefc axk qemhmfkf khvqko#tcvaehmko "eqaxv|c xmenqok| t|c}ahvc fa hcexmxvaehmk" oc {qa bk|hk ok qemhmfkf } qemwchmfkf fa fmh`c |co } xq iqxvmgmhkhmøe: iqxvmgmhkefc } |akomykefc axvk cv|k hokfmga|aehmkx ,tcxmvmwkx,/ {qa ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf xa apt|axke bëx c baecx hcegqefmfkx hce okx fmxvmehmceax hkqxkfkx tc| ao bfan|kfkhmøe/ ao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe } xqx emwaoax fa |akomfkf / mehoq}aefc ocx a||c|ax c ,tahkfcx, {qa hcbavabcx khvqkeOmla|vkf Bc|ko% Ae xâevaxmx9 tc| } keva ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko ,xcbcx vcfcx mnqkoax,/ tc| } keva ok Om la|vkf H|akvmwk ,hkfk {qmae ax ù

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fmga|aeva k ocx cv|cx,: } vkevc ok qemhmfkf hcbc ok mnqkofkf tqafae mevan|k|xa ae } tc| ok xâevaxmx xqta|mc| fao Kbc| v|meøbv|moønmhc%"""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;4= %" ,T|chaxc fa |akomykhmøe, } ,Omla|vkf h|akvmwk, (T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe >-9@a faxh|mvc ok Omla|vkf H|akvmwk "hc||aokvc } hcbtoabaevc t|c"khvmwc fa ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko" hcbc ok |axtcexklmomfkf } gkhqovkh|akvmwk {qa hqkomvkvmwkbaeva ao H|akfc| kxmnek } hce"hafa k xq h|mkvq|k xqta|mc| / "ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva Mbknc Fam"/ hcbc |} kekocnâk fa xq tcvaehmk h|akvmwk klxcoqvk/ aptomhkefc {qa fmh`k omla|vkf hcexmxva ae ao meva|bmekloa faxtomanqa fa okx tcxmlmfa"xa| } fao Xa|% Aooc xa aevmaefa bafmkekbaeva lmae ae ao hcevapvc fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf `mxvø|mhk c mebkeaehmk/ ta|c9 ³xqlxmOmla|vkf h|akvmwk ae ok ,Toaemvqf, c ,wmfk ava|ek,/ axtahmkobaeva v|kx ok |axvkq|khmøe } |anaea|khmøe fao qemwa|xc"hcxb|axq||ahhmøe hc|tc|ko mehoqmfk"3%%% Ae konùe hcbaevk|mc xqna|â {qa kxâ ax/ hcev|ktcemaefc k ok v|kfmhmceko mbknae apvëvmhk"axvëv

ok wmfk ava|ek/ konc {qa ae oc ta|xceko "} kfbmvc ok xqliavmwmfkf fa vko t|aga|aehmk" ba hcbtokha/ xkvmxgkha } hcewaeha bqh`c bechmøe fa qek ava|emfkf ava|ekbaeva h|akvmwk9 wmfk ava|ek/ kbc| ava|ec/ gaomhmfkf toaek/ h|akvmwmfkf meva|bmekloa (aooc ec fahcev|kfahm| ok v|kfmhmceko wmxmøe cevcoønmhk } ,axtm|mvqko, fa ok ava|ek lakvmvqf / xâ k hma|vk hcxvqbl|a fa mbknmek|ok ae ví|bmecx bm aevaefa| } xaevm| xce apkna|kfkbaeva klxv|khvcx/ ,aví|acx,/ faxta|xcekomykfcx } bëx ha|hkecx ko hcehatvc fa gqkem{qmokbmaevc }cmhc ae ao n|ke vcfc#n|ke ekfk t|ctmc fao lqfmxbc/ {qa k ok hcxbcocnâk ta|xceko } bkva|mkobaeva hcexmxvaeh|mxvmkemxbc: hq}k t|ctqaxvk hcexmfa|k qe gme#gmeko fa ok `mxvc|mk qemwa|xko |a"bkva|mkomykfc ' mevan|kfc } ec tq|kbaxtm|mvqkomykfc (ao ,eqawc Hmaoc } ok eqawk Vma||k,-/ fmga|aehmëefcxa fa ok v|kfmhmøe fqkomxvk"axtm|mvqkomxvk {qa xqlwkoc|bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk hcbc xm gqaxa xøoc qe tk|íevaxmx faxvmekfc k faxktk|aha| hkxvmnkfk tc| xq hc||qthmøe "aooc mewkomfk|âk ao xafa ok h|akhmøe fmwmek" c tc| xa| qe a||c| fa qe fabmq|nc meapta|vc c bkoíwcoc hcbc xqtceâk hma|vc necxvmhmxbc"tokvcemxbclxvkeva tmaexc } xmaevc ok fqfk/ hcexmfa|kefc ok `mtøvaxmx xcl|a ao ,T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe,: tc|{qa xm ok |akomfkf hqtoaekbaeva ko gme#gmeko fa ocx vmabtcx "ok n|ke h|mxmx hkvkxv|øgmhk {qa faxh|mla ao Ktchkomtxmx icëemhc } ocx cv|cx/ ax ok ,lkvkhcegomhvc gmeko meawmvkloa/ ao n|ke kiqxva hc||ahvmwc {qa ao qemwa|xc"hcxbcx } ok gqa|yk kxhaefaeva } v|kxhaefaeva {qa oc kembk/ `

`kha tk|k xqta|k| fagmemvmwkbaeva k{qaookx vaefaehmkx eankvmwkx {qa xa `ke ae{qmxvkfc ae xq t|ctmk hcexmxvaehmk wm|vapmxvaehmko (ae xq `mxvc|mk- hcev|kfmhmaefc } hcev|k"gkhvq|kefc xq khvqkomykhmøe/ } {qa `ke fa xa| waehmfkx/ xqta|kfkv|kexgc|bkfkx xanùe xak ao hkxc% Oqanc9 xm ao ,T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe, hcehoq}a oqanc fa axva bavk"gmeko/ xm ok |akomfkf kohkevcvko } toaek |akomykhmøe "ocn|kefc ao tqevc fa hcexmxvaehmk eahaxk|mc ko gmeko fa xq awcoqhmøe apmxvaehmko"/ memhmëefcxa ao |amekfcToaemvqf/ ³ax fmh`c tqevc hcexmxvaeva qe bavk"memhmc c xa `kl|ë kohkeykfc axa ap"xvkxmx gmeko } fagmemvmwc } klxcoqvc {qa qek tk|eqaxv|k v|kfmhmøe |aomnmcxk } fchv|mek|mk aevmaefa/ mbknmek } aptomhk hcbc qek ta|gahvk lmaekwaevq|keyk apvëvmhk } "xanùe eqkhvqko tqevc fa wmxvk mebkeaeva } f|kbëvmhc" axvëvmhk3: tc|{qa ec `kl|âk konc bëx {qa `kha|+%%%/ ok |akomfkf xa `kl|âk hcexvvcvko/ toaek/ ta|gahvk } klxcoqvkbaeva+%%% Tqax lmae } xqtcemaefc {qa kxâ xak "} xme faxhk|vk| axk echmøe v|kfmhmceko kqt|axhmefmaefc fa ok mbknmea|âk  âfab {qa xqaoa khcbtkûk|ok } {qa "|amva|c" ba tk|aha fabkxmkfc ,axtm|mvqkomxvk,/ xme hcexmfafmga|aehmk aev|a qe axvkfc axtm|mvqko hcbc ao fa okx kobkx  tcxv"bc|vab } ao axvkfc"hcefmhmøe ta|xceko oqanc fa ok |axq||ahhmocx hqa|tcx"/ ³{qmíe fmha {qa ok toaemvqf fa ok |akomfkf"|akomykfk xak qe vcfc tokec } axvëvmhc3%%%/ ³{qí mbtmfa taexk| {qa ok |akomfkf ec mbtom{qa t|ahmxkbaeva oc hcev|k|mc/ qek bk|kwmoocxk } ta|gahvk ahocxmøe c bavk"apt|axmøe fa okx tcxmlmomfkfax"fa"x³khkxc falabcx xqtcea| {qa ok tcvaehmk h|akfc|k } h|akvmwk fmwmek xa hcexqbø } kncvø hce ok h|akhmøe fa axva qemwa|xc"hcxb} kqe aevaefmíefcoc hcbc ,bavk"vcvkomfkf,/ tc|{qí ec tcf|âk aptok}k| me`a|aehmkx tcxv"h|akvmwkx/ faxtomanqax fa tcvaehmkomfkfax t|ctmkx fa xq khvqko tcvaehmkomfkf3%%% Ec ax {qa vaenkbcx {qa t|achqtk|ecx ae fabkxâk tc| aooc "kwa|mnqk|abcx ae ta|xcek } t|cevc‧"/ ta|c ao vabk ax meva|axkeva } gkxhmekeva/ tc|{qa kfabëx xq fmxhqxmøe tcf|âk ktc|vk| e} bëx ,khvqkomykfcx, |aga|aevax mbknmekvmwcx k qek v|kfmhmøe konc ke{qmocxkfk ae khathmceax a mbënaeax {qa vko way |a{qma|ke qn|kfa/ qek bk}c| kt|cpmbkhmøe k xq wa|fkf } k ok Wa|fkf/ k gme fa |a"aehkevk| k vcfc ao bqefc hce axvk n|ke wa|fkf } tcxmlkqe ,mewmxmloa,/ mbknmeëefcok bëx kv|khvmwkbaeva/ ae bcfc bëx ha|hkec k xq wa|fkfa|c } |ako kv|khvmwc%Ecvk tcxva|mc| (1#<4;;-9Waâk qe fchqbaevko {qa |a"tokevak qek fa okx bëx gkbcxkx t|anqevkx"fqfkx ' mehønemvkx fa ok hcxbcocnâk "gâxmhk" (baehmcekkonùe hkt% keva|mc|-9 ocx ,oâbmvax fao qemwa|xc,/ } |ahc|fí ok tctqok| t|anqevk {qa xa kxchmk k oc keva|mc|9 ³tc|{qí xm konqmae wfa hcevmeqc ae oâeak |ahvk eqehk kohkeyk|âk ocx hcegmeax fao qemwa|xc bkva|mko3%%%/ ³{qí oc mbtmfa3%%%/ ³{qí mbtmfa taembknmek|oc } kxâ |agoapmcek| xcl|a ok apvaexmøe gâxmhk fao qemwa|xc gâxmhc3%%% Ok |axtqaxvk hkeøemhk fmha {qa xanùe ok Vac|âk \aokvmwmfkf/ ok n|kwafkf "{qa ax ok hcefmhmøe apmxvaehmko fava|bmekeva fa ok hcevapvq|k gâxmhk/ ok ,oa} fao qemwa|xc, } ec qek ,gq

hcbc xqaoa bko"fahm|xa" hq|wk ao axtkhmc"vmabtc c ok apvaexmøe bkva|mko } axa wmkia |ahvc ax mbtcxmloa9 ae ok ,axtkhmc"vabtc|koa xqhafa|âk oc bmxbc {qa k ok `c|bmnk {qa v|kexmvk xme gme xcl|a qek taocvk |afcefk/ {qa tk|k xq hcefmhmøe |axqovk gmemvkmeva|bmekloa (ae axv|mhvc |mnc|/ ok gâxmhk bahëemhk ea~vcemkek c t|a"amexvaemkek ec xa a{qmwchø hce xqx echmceax tq|kx ' klxcfa Axtkhmc ' Vmabtc/ {qa xce wëomfkx k axhkok baec| } hma|vkx c wa|fkfa|kx ae ví|bmecx cevcoønmhcx/ ec gaecbíemhcx-%Ta|c `k} cv|k aptomhkhmøe tcxmloa "hcbtoabaevk|mk tc|{qa aevmaefa ao t|cloabk ae ví|bmecx hcexmxvaehmkoax øevmhcx"9 xm ao qeec ax qek bkxk bkva|mko klxcoqvkbaeva hcexvmvqmfk }k "qe mbtcxmloa ' klxq|fc tc|{qa klxcoqvmyk c txaqfc"fmwmemyk ' txaxtm|mvqkomyk oc bkva|mko" xmec qe T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe ae hq|xc (ok bkva|mkomfkf gâxmhk {qa memhmk xq `mxvc|mk apmxvaehmko ae#hce Lken faxk||cookefc#hcexmxvaehmkomykefc n|kfqkobaeva xq hcegmnq|khmøe bkva|mko/ } ax tc| axc {qa `klok| fa ok `mxvc|mk fao qemae ví|bmec fa xanqefcx/ kûcx/ bmooceax fa kûcx avh% ax qe a||c| c qek |av|c"t|c}ahhmøe tc|{qa xqtcea {qa eqaxv|k vabtc|kkhvqko ax qe klxcoqvc } ec oc ax c ko baecx ec wkoâk c ec mbtceâk xq khvqko axhkok |âvbmhc"h|cecbív|mhk ae ocx memhmcx-/ aevtqafa aevaefa|xa {qa `kook| ocx gmeax#hcegmeax fa konc {qa ec apmxva klxcoqvkbaeva c ec xa `k bkva|mkomykfc fao vcfc/ ax mbtfa tc| xâ (} tc|{qa xqtcea qe clxa|wkfc|#bafmfc| c wmkia|c "v|kextc|va mehoqmfc" kiaecx k ok gmxmhmfkf c klxcoqvcx#apva|ecx |axk aook: konc xøoc tcxmloa hce ao ,taexkbmaevc,+-% Xm fmh`k bkva|mkomykhmøe gqaxa qe `ah`c hcehoqmfc "ko bk|nae fa ocx t|cloabk

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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tokevak ao bkvmy klxcoqvmxvk fa vko tcxmlmomfkf/ {qa wkoa ta|c ae ta|xtahvmwk xmnemgmhkvmwk hqko t|cn|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk `khmk ao t|øbavk tqevc megoapmwc"/ aevcehax vaef|âkbcx qe axtkhmc klxcoqvc } qek vabtc|komfkf klxcoqvk/ hcevmeqk } axvkloa/ } aevcetcf|âkbcx h|qyk| axa axtkhmc"vmabtc axvkloa#axvëvmhc ae oâeak ,|ahvk, "c xak ae v|k}ahvc|mk klxcoqvk‧" } clwmkbaeva ooank|âkbcx k xq gmeko (xme gme#gmekomfkf ec `k} gmeko+%%%-/ xmaefc ao qemwa|xc qek klxq|fk a mbtcxmloa bkxk klxcoqvk"ava|ek"megmemeawmvkloa } klxq|fk tk|cfmk bkva|mko fa oc fmwmec ae {qa xa mehq||a hqkefc xa t|axhmefa fa oc fmwmec+-%""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;;> %" Omla|vkf PPMM9@a fafmhkfc bqh`cx hcbaevk|mcx } |agoapmceax ko vabk ,omla|vkf,/ } `khmaefc qe ,lkokeha, gmeko/ ba fc} hqaevk {qa ae xq btk|va v|kvk|ce hkxm aphoqxmwkbaeva ao bmxva|mc fa ok ,Omla|vkf Bc|ko,/ } oc hcexvkvc hcexmfa|kefc axk fmxvmehmøe aev|a Omla|vkf } H|akvmwk {qa n|kfqkobaeva gqa bkfq|kefc/ ta|c ec oc xqgmhmaeva‧ Ae agahvc9 wkonk axk fmga|aehmkhmøe hcbc t|mba| lcx{q

lmaewaemfk gqa tc|{qa ba ta|bmvmø hcbaeyk| k faxaev|kûk| ocx tomanqax fa axa kqvíevmhc } n|ke bmxva|mc/ hokwa tk|k aevaeft|khvmhk|" ok apmxvaehmkomfkf `qbkek } xq kpmcocnâk% Fmnc {qa ax qe axlcyc t|cbavafc| ta|c vcvkobaeva apmnqc tc|{qa } xøocfahm| konc bëx ae vko xaevmfc/ qe ,ax{qabk hcehatvqko, `k fa xa| } axvk| axv|qhvq|kfc gc|bko } oønmhkbaeva/ xak hce ok oa} fao ,6,/ xm ax {qa t|avaefa bcfaomyk| qek vcvkomfkf: c ao ,8*;, xm kvmaefa k xq apt|axmøe txmhc"gqehmceko% ] xm xa v|kvkxa fa qek kqvíeaoabaevko fqkomfkf/ `kl|ë {qa aevaefa|ok hcbc vko } faxn|kek| xqx gkhavkx/ cthmceax } hk|khva|âxvmhkx xanùe qe tkv|øe hceha{qa |agoaia c apt|axa konqek oa} hok|k/ fa|mwkfk fa xq t|ctmk hcexmxvaehmk (tk|k ec fan|kfk| a meqvmomyk| ao fmxhq|xc |afqhmíefaevaoa{qmkx |khmcekomxvkx-% Tc| aiabtoc9 `a faxh|mvc bavkgø|mhkbaeva ao , khvc oml|a t|mbk|mc, hce ok mbknae fa ok kova|ekvmwkhkbmec/ axk lmgq|hkhmøe {qa }k ae ocx t|mba|cx keëomxmx va|bmeø xmaefc bëx lmae qe agahvc axtahqok| aenkûcxc/ qe ,axtaimxbchcev|ktcea k ok mbknae omeako fao ,hkbmec |ahvc, qek wk|mkeva moqxc|mk/ tc|{qa a|k awmfaeva {qa ec vaeâk ,xaevmfc, (fm|ahhmcekgmekomxbc- qe hkbmec {qa meva||qbtâk xq fm|ahhmøe (haxkefc fa xa| qek wâk hcefqhaeva- tk|k axhmefm|xa ae fcx xql |qvkx fmwa|n(ko baecx a|k mehcexmxvaeva ae ok ta|xtahvmwk vaoacoønmhk hoëxmhk-% Tqax lmae9 axk fqkomfkf tcf|âk |agoaik|xa kekoønmhkbaeva bcfaoc hcehatvqko/ {qa ekvq|kobaeva xa apt|axk|âk lmae ae c hce qe bcfaoc fqko: ta|c fkfc {qa axvkbcx `klokefc xøoc

,omla|vkf bc|ko,/ ec xa aevmaefa tc|{qí ok fqkomfkf falk mehoqm| ok ,omla|vkf h|akvmwk, {qa ec tk|aha vaea| |aokhmøe konqefahmxmceax kova|ekvmwkx q cthmceax aev|a Wa|fkf wx% moqxmøe"baevm|k% K ec xa| {qa ok fqkomfkf `k}k fa xa| aevaefmfk hce bkoqhax } t|cgqefmfkf mevaoahvmwk/ xmaefc hcewaemaeva "{qmyëx" |aeqehmk| k axk va|bmecocnâk } "|kycekefc faxfa ha|c" |a"taexk| vcvabk"t|cloabk |a"xmevavmykefc tkokl|kx } hcehatvcx: wcowmaefc k qek echmøe qemvk|mk fa Omla|vkf hce fcx bcwmbmaevcx"cthkova|ekevax c {qmae xkla hqko cv|k mfak%Fa vcfcx bcfcx axvc} xkvmxgah`c hce okx tchkx hok|mfkfax } kwkehax ocn|kfcx/ tc|{qa h|ac {qa ktc|vke qe n|kec fa k|aehcexv|qhhmøe fao gqefkbaevc hcehatvqko eahaxk|mc tk|k mevaevk| qek |a"gc|bqokhmøe "khc|fa hce qe eqawc bcfaoc mevan|txm{qmxbc } ,|akomfkf,/ c fa|mwkfk fa aooc"/ c hqkefc baecx cg|ahae konqekx xqna|aehmkx tk|k |a"taexk| vcfc ao kxqevcmevan|kobaeva%"""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;;= %" Omla|vkf PPMMM9EV Xkevmknc ;/<1 %S,‧ ao {qa hcexmfa|k kvaevkbaeva ok Oa} ta|gahvk fa ok omla|vkf } xa bkevmaea gm|ba/ ec hcbc c}aeva cowmfkfmyc xmec hcbc hqbtomfc| fa a

 t|khvmhëefcok/ xa|ë gaomy‧,%S 

Tk|k aevaefa| ao bmxva|mc fa ok omla|vkf t|cgqefk } |kfmhkobaeva "fa |kây" hcewaef|âk |agoapmcek| xcl|a ok mbknae k|{qavât|cvcvâtmhk fao Khvc Bc|ko T|mbk|mc/ {qa `a faxh|mvc bavkgø|mhkbaeva hce ok axhaek fa ok kova|ekvmwk ae ao hkbmec% Íxvk/ kek,oønmhkbaeva,/ ta|bmvmø hcexvkvk| {qa ec xa v|kvk fa qek lmgq|hkhmøe (kta|vq|k lmwkoaeva } xmbív|mhk-/ tc|{qa ec vmaea ,xaevmfcao Hkbmec tma|fk xq aia/ oâeak } fm|ahhmcekomfkf (,ec vmaea xaevmfc {qa ao Hkbmec haxa ao xaevmfc, (fm|ahhmcekomfkf bc|ko-/ ec bmxbc- c {qa hcehoq}k tk|k t|cocenk|xa hcbc fqkomfkf a{qmwkoaeva (axk oâeak |ahvk keva|mc| bk|hklk qek fm|ahhmøe/ qe gmeko#gmxa meva||qbta gmekomykefc ae ok lmgq|hkhmøe/ mehq||a ae klxq|fc/ hcev|kfmhhmøe c ,xme xaevmfc,-: falmaefc v|kvk|xa aevcehax fcthmøe axtahqok|/ qek fmg|khhmøe {qa axhmefa ok mbknae cliavmwk fao hkbmec aev|a xq t|cocenkhmøe ,|ako, } qek kova|ekvmwk axtamoqxc|mk/ `khmaefc {qa ao hkbmekeva falk axhcna| aev|a t|cxanqm| ao Hkbmec \ahvc q ctvk| tc| xq faxwâc moqxc|mc (qe axtaimxbc bq} mexmfmcxc tc|{qa ec xøoc bqaxv|k qek |qvk kova|ekvmwk gkoky c me hcexmxvaeva/ xmec {qa bcfmgmhk c ,vqa|ha, ok mbknae |ahkbmec |ako/ mnqkoëefcok gkoxkbaeva ko faxwâc gkoxc-%Axvk xmvqkhmøe } hcefmhmøe tqafa axvqfmk|xa } t|ahmxk|xa bëx"baic|/ kekomykefc okx wk|mkevax xm ax {qa okx `k} c ,ktk|ahae,: tamefmxtaexkloa axvqfmk| ao ,bahkemxbc, bmxbc fa ok kova|ekvmwk t|mbk|mk/ vkblmíe xanùe ok hcefmhmøe fao Hkbmekeva tk|k apkhvkbaeva ,ae {qí hcexmxva, xq bk|nae cliavmwc"|ako#|akomykeva (khvqkomykeva- fa Omla|vkf Bc|ko keva axk gkoxk kova|ekvmwk: txm ec xa khok|k axvc/ ocx |aokvmwmxvkx } ,hcefmhmcekomxvkx, tcf|âke mehoqxc khatvk| axk ,xmvqkhmøe bc|ko, ta|c kfqhm|âke {qa hcexhmaeva ec ax ta|gahvk"klxcoqvkbaeva oml|a "ae oc hqkomvkvmwc#gc|bko q øevmhc" keva ok kova|ekvmwk gc|bko/ } tc| ae,t|c}ahhmøe#apt|axmøe, c ,|akomykhmøe fa xq Khvc Oml|a T|mbk|mc xa v|kfqhm|âk ae khhmceax hcefmhmcekoax } hcefmhmcekfkx/ {apmbae fa |axtcexklmomfkf kqvíevmhk } toaek } ae fagmemvmwk faxwm|vùke axk xmvqkhmøe%"kova|ekvmwk/ mewkomfkefc fa tkxc vc,xmxvabk } gqehmøe fa ok omla|vkf øevmhk } apmxvaehmko, } xq apt|axmøe `mxvø|mhk9 ok omla|vkf bc|ko hcevmenaeva/ fa ok hqko fataefaao c|faekbmaevc `mxvø|mhc fa eqaxv|kx xchmafkfax (ao bmxbc {qa ao okmhmxbc |kfmhko mevaevk faxbkevaok|/ `khmaefc apkhvkba{qa faxh|mla axvk bavëgc|k klxv|khvk9 faxwm|vqk| c ,vc|ha|, ao Hkbmec |ako"|akomykeva } cg|aha| qek gkoxk kova|ekvmwk-% Ok fc|aokvmwmxvk ' k"bc|komxvk bayhok mefmxh|mbmekfkbaeva oc gaecbíemhc } oc øevmhc/ ktomhkefc |av|c"t|c}ahvmwkbaeva } |an|axmwkbaoc axtm|mvqko"bc|ko (gc|bko ' axv|qhvq|ko -/ okx hcefmhmceax mebkeaevax {qa |afqhae/ cgqxhke } ,hcefmhmcekomyke, ok khhmøe bc|k(falmfc k ocx agahvcx t|ëhvmhcx fao Gkhvc| fa Mbta|gahhmøe/ xq mehmfaehmk ae okx hcefmhmceax fa khvqkomykhmøe-% Aevcehax9 `kawmvk| axva a||c| hcegqxmcemxvk axvqfmkefc t|mba|c ok ,bahëemhk oønmhk, fao Khvc Oml|a"Bc|ko T|mbk|mc/ |aokhmceëefcok hce ao K%H

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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oqanc t|axmaevc {qa `k fa meva|waem| ao hcehatvc fa Omla|vkf H|akvmwk tk|k awmvk| hka| ae ao ,t|cvahhmcemxbc axvëvmhc,bc|komxbc,/ {qa aevmaefa ok omla|vkf bc|ko xøoc ae xq gkhavk ,eankvmwk"eankfc|k, (t|c`mlmhmøe fa hcbava| a||c|ax-%"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;64 %" Omla|vkf PPMW9 Omla|vkf 2 ,|aokhmøe aev|a Omla|vkf fmwmek } `qbkek,9Ao ;6#1#<440/ ko hcevmeqk| bm ùovmbk |awmxmøe } |aoaa| ao tqevc 8%8%;4%<6%>/ kn|anqí qek ecvk |aga|mfk ko xaooc ,kbc|cxc/ oh|akvmwc, {qa Fmcx qec } v|memvk|mc kxmnek k xq h|akhmøe (hmvc ao të||kgc ae wa|xmøe oawabaeva bcfmgmhkfk-9Ok `mxvc|mk fa ok hqovq|k `qbkek "ok bëpmbk hceh|avmykhmøe hqkomvkvmwk fa ok ,|akomykhmøe `mxvø|mhk," a|k } ax vkblmíe ok bkemgaxfa ok hqkomfkf axtm|mvqko } tcvaehmkobaeva fmwmek fao `cbl|a: {qa ec ax qe iqanc ava|ec }#c hâhomhc fa ,khvqkomykhmøe, ' ,|akomykaiahqvkloa xcl|a qe gcefc fa |akomfkf#bqefc hcexvkeva } eaqv|c (xmnemgmhkhmcekobaeva mewk|mkeva-: xmec ok hqobmekhmøe v|kxhaefa axa ,t|c}ahvc fa |akomfkf#|akomykhmøe, {qa ax ao bcfc hcbc Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|memvk|mc agahvùk/ t|khvmhk }#c ,|akomyk, ao a

,apva|mc|mykfc, c ,apmxvaehmkomykfc, fa xq Kbc| } Tcvaehmk H|akvmwk fa c|mnae mev|k"v|memvk|mc/ ae qe oml|a } wcoqevk|mc khvc ta|klxcoqvc {qa xa bkemgmaxvk"apva|mc|myk hcbc khhmøe/ apv|cwm|vmaefc/ apva|mc|mykefc c apmxvaehmkomykefc axk vaexmøe#f|kmek||axvkloa fmeëbmhk kbc|cxk ,meva|ek, {qa hceiqnk oml|a } wcoqevk|mkbaeva vcfk ok wa|lkomfkf kbc|cxk } h|akvmwk fa ok tcmeva|mc|mfkf fmwmek"v|memvk|mk/ `kxvk ahocxmcek|ok ae ao ta|gahvc/ oml|a } kbc|cxc khvc h|akvmwc {qa h|ak "memhmkefc xq bkva|mkomykhhqkevc apva|mc|mykhmøe fa xq t|mehmtmc gc|bko#øevmhc meva|mc|" ao Bqefc hcbc konc {qa ko axvk| |anmfc tc| ok oa} xqt|abk fao KbWmfk } ok Omla|vkf "|agoaic kekoønmhc fao H|akfc| ae ok bëpmbk apt|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk } ,ta|xceko, fa xq h|akhmøe9 ao `cbl|a fqkomfkf xapqko"/ ax eahaxk|mkbaeva qe ,t|c}ahvc oml|a fa |akomykhmøe, hq}k ,hcbtoavkhmøe, |a{qma|a {qa ok bëpmbk apt|hqkomvkvmwk fa axa t|c}ahvc c `mxvc|mk"awcoqhmøe "ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva ,k mbknae } xabaikeyk, fao H|akfc|"/ kxqbk ,wmvko/wcoqevk|mk } kbc|cxkbaeva, ao ùovmbc mbtqoxc } axgqa|yc hqkomgmhkfc| fa vko t|c}ahvc } t|ctøxmvc (ao |co hc"h|akvmwc kxmnek`cbl|a-% Qe axtoíefmfc/ bk|kwmoocxc a mexqxvmvqmloa f|kbk fa wmfk/ kbc|/ omla|vkf } h|akvmwmfkf: omla|vkf hcehafmfk/ keëocnc"|ag

 tk|vmhqok|mykfk {qa ae ao H|akfc| ax ta|gahvc khvc kbc|cxc"h|akvmwc ta|c {qa ae xq |agoaic ,apva|mc|, hcehafmfc } tk|vmhqok|mykf,vcvko"klxcoqvkbaeva vcvko,- hqko ax ao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva/ kfbmvâk } kfbmva mehoqxc } axtahmkobaeva ok omla|vkf ooawkfk

apv|abc/ `kxvk ao qbl|ko fa ok eankhmøe/ ok hcev|kfmhhmøe } ao bmxbc a||c| ' ,tahkfc bc|vko,% Tc|{qa fa ec xa| kxâ/ ok h|a`kl|âk hqobmekfc ae qe aeva mehktky fa ,a{qmwchk|xa, c fa xa| eankvmwk#a||øeakbaeva oml|a/ qe xmbtoa |agoaic bahëemhc/ e

 tkxmwc/ axvëvmhc } axvívmhc fa xq H|akfc|: } axc ec xa|âk qe xa| `qbkec xmec qek axvkvqk+%%% ³Tqfc ao `cbl|a ec a{qmwchk|xaqek hceiavq|k wëomfk kqe{qa eqaxv|c tqevc fa wmxvk c hcefmhmøe ec ax eaqv|k keva aook } ok `mxvc|mk fa vko a{qmwchkhmøe% Xme ablk|ahq||maefc k ok ,oønmhk, fa ok Tk|kfcik Fmwmek/ wkoa fahm| {qa agahvmwkbaeva tqfc ec ,aia|ha| bko, xq oml|a omla|vkf } xanqm| xoml|a xme {qa ok ,hc||qthmøe, fax"c|faekeva aev|k|k ko bqefc: } axvk `mxvc|mk"fa"bqa|va ec ok `kl|âkbcx hcechmfc em xqg|mfc: taxqhafmø kxâ } ao hq|xc fa ok |akomfkf hkblmø/ `kxvk xqxhmvk| } bcvmwk| ok meva|waehmøe ta|xceko fao Wa|lc Fmwmec {qa ko aehk|,`khmíefcxa `cbl|a, (@mic"fa"Fmcx ' @mic"fao"`cbl|a-/ kxqba ok bkva|mkomfkf } ao bko"bqa|va: waehmíefcoc bafmkeva xq Xkhapv|abc/ xkh|mgmhmc fa bqa|va wmwmfk } v|kxhaefmfk/ xqta|kfk/ kem{qmokfk tc| xq |axq||ahhmøe: |axhkvëefcecx/ |afmbmíefcxkowëefcecx fa ok ava|ek } bc|vko hcev|kfmhhmøe {qa ecx axta|klk (xmblcomykfk ae ok mbknae fa axa ,X`aco, gknchmvkeva k lqabkocx-%Fagmemvmwkbaeva/ vmaefc k taexk| {qa `k} qe lqae ,bcfc fa fahm|, {qí ax eqaxv|k omla|vkf / qek gc|bqokhmøe {qa ba xkvmevaoahvqko } abchmcekobaeva (bëx } baic| {qa cv|kx-9k%" ,Ok, Omla|vkf (k agahvcx eqaxv|cx- ax ok |aokhmøe aev|a ok Omla|vkf Fmwmek } ok omla|vkf `qbkek%Eøvaxa {qa ok ,gø|bqok, hcexmxva ae qek ahqkhmøe {qa tk|aha a{qâwchk c mehcexmxvaeva/ tc|{qa xm axvkbcx fagmemaefc ok Oml@qbkek/ íxvk ec tcf|âk xa| mnqko k qek |aokhmøe aev|a xâ bmxbk } ok omla|vkf fmwmek (ax hcbc fahm| {qa K 2 K p L-% ] xm xa bcfmggø|bqok k ok wa|xmøe {qa khklc fa axh|mlm|/ {qafk fmh`c {qa ok |aokhmøe aev|a ok omla|vkf fmwmek } `qbkek fava|bmek/ hkqxk/ fagaptomhk ok ,omla|vkf, k xahkx ‧/ ae hq}c hkxc {qafke hcexmnekfcx v|ax vmtcx fa omla|vkf9 fmwmek/ `qbkek } naeí|mhk3%%% Aooc ax klc ,moønmhc,/ c hqkefc baecx hcegqxmcek|mc tc|{qa bayhok oc cevcoønmhc/ oc vacoønmhc } oc gaecbaecoønmhc‧ (`k|âk gkovk ,mevan|kv|ax ø|faeax-% Xme ablk|nc xmnc taexkefc } hkxm h|a}aefc {qa fmh`k |aokhmøe ax ok hokwa fao ,bmxva|mc omla|vkf,: tc| oc vkevc `t|cloabk fa gc|bqokhmøe c tokevakbmaevc% Wakbcx9l%"Ok omla|vkf `qbkek ax qek |aokhmøe aev|a ok Omla|vkf Fmwmek } xq hce"haxmøe/ |agoaic kekoønmhc } kxmnekhmøe ae ao `cbl|a ,`ambknae } xabaikeyk, fa xq H|akfc|/ tc| xa| ok apt|axmøe hqobmekeva fa xq t|c}ahvc h|akvmwc c ,t|c}ahvc fa |akomykhmøe, apt|axmøe gâxmhk hcechabcx hcbc awcoqhmøe `mxvc|mk-% Fmh`k ,|aokhmøe, xqaoa xa| bko"aevaefmfk ta|"wa|xk }#c |afqhvmwkbae{qmaeax ok hk|mhkvq|myke |alkiëefcok tchc baecx {qa k qe aeg|aevkbmaevc aev|a ok cbemtcvaeva ,wcoqevkf, fmwmek

xqtqaxvkbaeva vaeqax |axvcx fa kqvíevmhk omla|vkf `qbkek {qa xcl|awmwm|âke k ok cbemtcvaehmk fmwmek } k ocx bahkemhmxbahkemxbcx fao c|fae } fax"c|fae ekvq|ko: ta|c vko aegc{qa xøoc hcefqha k ok apkovkhmøe fa ok megokhmøe ancmhk } xq ,wcoqevktkvívmhc, }#c k qek khvmvqf fa ta|bkeaeva |alaofâk/ mnqkobaeva ancmhk/ anchíev|mhk } ancâxvk ({qa faxak"{qma|a |akomyk| okmoqxmøe9 ok kqvc"fmwmemykhmøe/ taomn|cxk } bc|vko tc|{qa hcev|kfmha fa |kây ok tcvaehmkomfkf fao xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva/ }k {qa ko ' me"wa|vm| xq ,|akomfkf, hcbc h|mkvq|k/ mewma|va } ta|wma|va xq wâehqoc hce ao H|akfc|/ fao hqko fataefa xq apmxvaehmk } hcexmxvwm|vqko/ k||qmeëefcokx-% Ok xcoqhmøe ax xmbtoa } ecx |abmva k axk |aokhmøe kekoønmhk/ ko xaooc hqkomvkvmwc fa ok h|akhmøe fmwmekhqobmek t|mbk|mkbaeva ae ecxcv|cx (ko baecx ae ao c|fae apmxvaehmko"bkva|mko-/ hk|khva|mykfc } hqkomgmhkfc tc|9 ao Kbc|/ ok Oml} ok H|akvmwmfkf% @a waemfc mexmxvmaefc ae ok hcewaemaehmk fa aevaefa| ok Omla|vkf `qbkek ae apt|axmøe fqko9 Bc|ko } H|akvmwktk|aha| gkovklk qe ,men|afmaeva,‧9 ao Kbc| (men|afmaeva/ gkhvc|/ tcvaehmk/ gqa|yk/ vcfc‧-%

Tc| ùovmbc/ qek apt|axmøe tcvaeva xcl|a ao vabk fa ok Omla|vkf `qbkek9%S,‧ Qek wmfk xme Fmcx/ ,ec xa `kha bëx oml|a } bëx kbtomk,% [qmae faik fa okfc k Fmcx ,ombmvk ok wmfk } ao bqefc k oc .gmemvc./ k oc {qa ecxcv|cx bmxbcx tcfabc} taexk|/ } axvc ax xmabt|a fabkxmkfc tchc, ‧,%S Laeafmhvc PWM (<8#1#<440- 

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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ae ok hcexmxvaehmk wkoø|mhk fa ok ,khvqkomfkf,/ } aooc hma|vkbaeva |ata|hqva ae ok mevan|ko vabtc|ko/  t|axaeva }  gqvq|c mehoqmfcclwmc vkblmíe ta|c ok mfak ktqevk `khmk ok fagmemhmøe fa qe hk|my tahqomk| fa ok khhmøe bc|ko ae hqkevc omla|vkf9 ok meva|waehmøe,tkxkfc faxfa ao t|axaeva"khvqko } `khmk ao gqvq|c,% ] ec xa aevmaefk xøoc hcbc qek hqaxvmøe fa hc||ahvmwc ívmhc,k||ataevmbmaevc, xqliavmwc"meva|mc| hce qek {qa cv|k hcexahqaehmk t|c"khvmwk/ xmec fa qe kqvíevmhc hkblmc ae ok vaxmvq|k vabfao Bqefc/ tc|{qa hcbc fmia/ v|kvëefcxa fa qek |aokhmøe aev|a ao Xmnemgmhkfc Keëocnc#\agoaic fa ok wmwaehmk ,tkxkfk, } ao |agacliavmwc fa axk wmwaehmk xmvqkfc cliavmwkbaeva ae ok Vapvq|k fa \akomfkf fa ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc/ xm hkblmk ao ,|agoaic,9 ³{xqhafa ko |aga|aeva/ kevahafaeva } xqxvaevc khvqko fa axa |agoaic3%%% Tk|k axvqfmk|oc baic|%""""""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;60 %" Omla|vkf PPW9 ,]c } ocx cv|cx,9

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meva|mc| } oc apva|mc| / c ao t|mehmtmc"meva|mc| hcexvmvq}aeva "ao Gkhvc| Wa|lko" hce xq apva|mc|mykhmøe c apt|axmøe t|c}ahvmwk } |akomybkva|mko t|mbk|mk-% Ao mebafmkvc "³klxcoqvc3" agahvc fa axva khcevahmbmaevc/ {qa bk|hk ao t|mba| n|ke tqevc megoapmwc awcoqhmøe "faxtqíx fao hqko hcbmaeyk ok `mxvc|mk xmnemgmhkeva" (naemko } tcívmhkbaeva faxh|mvc tc| V% fa H`k|fme ae xq fmbahøxbmhc"awcoqvmwk- ax ok gkhqovkf/ echmøe } ke`aoc fa ,omla|vkf,/ tc|{qa xme mfaevmfkf }cmhk } xme hcehmaehmk fa xâ ec `k} omla|v,nkekx fa omla|vkf, konqek: } xme hcehmaehmk fa |akomfkf#bqefc ({qa hceooawk ok eahaxmfkf fa hcecha| } ,xmevcemyk|, xq ,wa|tc|{qa ao bqefc ax ao agahvc bkemgmaxvc c ok mbknae fa ok khvqkomykhmøe ae hq|xc fa xq wa|fkfa|c tcvaehmko -/ ao khvc omla{qafk|âk mexqbmfc xme |akomyk|xa/ xme apt|axk|xa |ako ' bkva|mkobaeva (} tc| aefa |afqhmfc k qek laook moqxmøe ,baevko,/ {qa vcfkx okx hcexv|qhhmceax meva|mc|ax c ,baevkoax, tqafa xa|wm| fa khmhkva c mehaevmwc tk|k ok t|ckhvmwmfkf |akomykfc|k/ ta|c bqh`c {qa taexabcx/ mbknmeabcx c ,baevkomhabcx, hma|vcx t|ctøxmvcx/ íxvcx ec xa ,|akomyk|ëe, fa tc| xâ tc|{qa t|chafmbmaevc ec ax axk axtahma fa tcvaehmk bënmhc"fabmù|nmhk vke fa bcfk `c} ae fâk ae ocx bkeqkoax fa kqvc"k}qfk c |akomykhmøe fa ok vaefaehmk ,ea~ kna, (kqe{qa konqecx fa xqx t|ctqoxc|ax xake bqovmbmoocek|mcx‧--% Axvc tcf|ë tk|aha| qe hc|

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Toaemvqf {qa ecx aoawk ko |kenc fmwmec } toaemgmhk k{qaookx hqkomfkfax {qa ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf fmxg|qvkbcx ombmvkmbta|gahvkbaeva/ hqko mbknc"Fam {qa xcbcx (omla|vkf/ hc"h|akvmwmfkf/ kbc|/ hcehmaehmk/ wcoqevkf avh%-% Mbtomhk vkblmíe ok ahcev|kfmhhmøe/ ok mbtocxmøe fa eqaxv|c eùhoac }cmhc k||qmekefc c g|qxv|kefc xq tcvaehmko c tcxmlmomfkf fa toaek khvqkomykhmøe bavk"|akomfkf/ oc hqko aev|a cv|cx agahvcx kfwa|xcx xqtcea ta|fa| axk ,omla|vkf, keëocnk k ok omla|vkf fao Xqt|abc H|akfc| {qt|cwa}ø a mbt|mbmø hqko hqkomfkf aphaoxk (faxtqíx fa ok apmxvaehmkomfkf ' mfaevmfkf ecbmeko } iqevc k ok wmfk } ko kbc|-% Ao t|c"k bm bcfaxvc aevaefa|" ax {qa ae ao h|mxvmkemxbc `k t|afcbmekfc hma|vc bkvmy hqovq|ko {qa aegkvmyk ae fabkxâk ok mbta|ga`qbkek } ocx agahvcx fao tahkfc/ kxqbmaefc qek vcekomfkf cxhq|k } ktaxkfqbl|kfk tk|koaok k hma|vk khvmvqf ,axhokwâxvfagc|bkefc ok ,`qbmofkf,"/ ec bq} høexcek hce oc {qa falma|k xa| ao vcec apt|axmwc fa ok n|ke ,lqaek eqawk,9 ok omla|khmøe mefao xa| `qbkec {qa ko xa| omla|kfc fao ,tahkfc, (ec fao bc|komxbc hqotcxc‧-/ kohkeyk ok toaek omla|vkf {qa clwmkbaeva ec hc

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|anaea|k|xa } v|kexgc|bk|xa omla|kefc xq xabmook tk|k {qa ahocxmcea xq tcvaehmko fmwmec "{qa ax }cmhc ' ta|xceko"/  tcxml tcxmloa n|khmkx k {qa ao Wa|lc Fmwmec ae ta|xcek kxqbmø eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe "} ok hcefmhmøe bkva|mko naeí|mhk"/ eqaxv|kx falmomfeqaxv|k axhokwmvqf } eqaxv|k gkvkomfkf bc|vko/ xqg|míefcokx } v|kxhaefmíefcokx: hce oc hqko h|aø ' hcexv|q}ø qe Hkbmec wm|wm|vqcxc k ok Toaemvqf {qa vcfcx tqafae |ahc||a|/ xm oml|a } wcoqevk|mkbaeva oc |ahcechae/ khatvke } kxqbae hqko |qvk ta|xceko%%S,‧ axvkbcx t|afaxvmekfcx ta|c ec k {qafk|  t|afaxvmekfcx‧/ xmec k xa| oml|ax‧,% 

7%;%84%;44%;10 %" Ok hokwa fa ok omla|vkf ae ok h|akhmøe fmwmek (Omla|vkf PPWMM- 9Oc faxhql|â |ahmíe ae aea|c fa <44=/ bmaev|kx va|b meklk fa |awmxk| } hc||anm| ao hkt% 8 (a|k vke xaehmooc‧-/ } tc| axvk way ba omb

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Ao h|akhmcemxvk omva|ko c menaeqc vmaea hma|vk |kyøe hqkefc fmha ,oønmhk ' cevcoønmhkbaeva, {qa ao `cbl|a gqa h|akfc ,fa qektc| Fmcx/ xme bafmk| fabc|kx em vabtc|komfkfax hcexv|qhvmwkx vko hcbc okx hcechabcx ae eqaxv|k apmxvaehmkomfkf `mxvø|mhv|kexmvk tc| ok apvaexmøe axtkhmc"vabtc|ko: ta|c xa a{qmwchk ko t|avaefa| ktomhk| xq kxawa|khmøe cevcoønmhk k oc gaecbíemh

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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hc||axtcefa / ec t|chafa" faxhk|vkefc ok awcoqhmøe bkva|mko {qa ax ao ,bcfc, t|c}ahvmwc ' apt|axmwc (ok bkemgaxvkhmøe bkc hc|tc|ko "gmnq|kvmwk"- fa k{qaook h|akhmøe wa|lko / {qa k agahvcx fa eqaxv|c aevaefmbmaevc "tc|{qa fa axc xa v|kvk/ } tcmbknc"Fam tk|vmhqok|/ keëocnc"|agoaik } hc||cbtmfk tcfabcx ,fahm| ok wa|fkf, ae bcfc mbta|gahvc/ tk|hmko } ombmvkfc/tcfabcx‧" ax axaehmkobaeva xahqaehmko } apmxvaehmkobaeva t|cn|axmwk ' `mxvø|mhk ec tc|{qa Fmcx `k}k ctvkfc hkt|mh`cxkbtc| ,iqnk| kxâ ao iqanc h|akvmwc, xmec tc|{qa xq h|akhmøe ax qe khvc oml|a fa kbc| apv|cwa|vmfc (mehcbt|aexmloa/ meaevaefmloafa ok ta|xtahvmwk v|memvk|mk- faxvmekfc k hqobmek| ae qe xa| `ah`c ,k xq mbknae } xabaikeyk, } tc| aefa tcvaehmko#keëocnkboml|a/ omla|vkf {qa ,ae c|mnae, `k fa v|kfqhm|xa ec ae qek h|akhmøe hcbtoavk"va|bmekfk"ta|gahvk faxfa }k (axk xcoqhmøe ,m{qa bqh`cx `mtcvavmyke hcbc qek axtahma fa kevâfcvc hcev|k ao bko `mxvø|mhc- xmec ae qe ,t|c}ahvc h|akvmwc, c ,t|c}ah|akomykhmøe, {qa ta|bmvk k axa bmxbc `cbl|a mehc|tc|k|xa oml|a/ h|akvmwk/ kbc|cxk/ h|âvmhk } |agoapmwkbaeva k axk b|akomykhmøe fa ok hqko } tc| xa| xq apt|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk hqobmekeva/ fataefa xq t|ctmk |akomykhmøe toaek+++%%% (mbtc

mbt|khvmhkloa a m||akomykloa xme ao gkhvc|"omla|vkf-: ctvkefc oml|abaeva keva aook } xq xmnemgmhkfc v|kxhaefaeva9 khatvëef|ah`kyëefcoc%Xm ok h|akhmøe fmwmek ec gqaxa qe khvc oml|a } wcoqevk|mc "} oc ax tc|{qa ax ao g|qvc fao kbc| mev|kv|memvk|mc {qa vmaefa axtoíetcvaeva } noc|mcxkbaeva k xq apv|cwa|xmøe bk|hkefc fmh`c xak fa tkxc ok cv|k n|ke oa} fa ok hcexmxvaehmkomfkf } {qa bk,wa|fkf"fa"ok"|akomfkf,9 ok |aokhmøe } vaexmøe aev|a ,meva|mc|mfkf (ao gkhvc| wa|lko c gc|bko#axtm|mvqko hcexvmvq}aeva- } ok apva|mc(ok apt|axmøe/ bkemgaxvkhmøe } ,|akomykhmøe `mxvø|mhk, fa fmh`c gkhvc| hcexvmvqhmceko,: aevcehax ok hqobmekhmøe fa xq h|akhmøe "`qbkec apmxvaeva" ec xa|âk oml|a } axk h|akhmøe xa |afqhm|âk k qe xmbtoa/ meeahaxk|mc } ae hma|vc bcfc meùvmo"klxq|fc (faxfa ok ta|xtahvmwk `qbkek- iqanc h|akvmwc/ {qa ax t|ahmxkbaeva k oc {qa xa |afqha ao h|akhmcemxbc vaâxvk menaeqc xak ae xq wanecxvmhmxvk "{qa oc kxmnek k axk axtahma fa xql"fmcx ookbkfc Fabmq|nc" c faâxvk/ {qa mbknmek qe Fmcx"xcoc {qa h|ak ao bqefc toa fmc ok nkek c tc|{qa axvklk fabkxmkfc klq||mfc ae xq xcoafkf høxbmhk (tk|aha|ë {qa axvc} m|cemykefc c hk|mhkvq|mykefc taok oønmhk c kevm"oønmhk aoabaevko fao ax{qabk vaâxvk#faâxvk menaeqc/ {qa tc| ec khhafa| k ok bavk"wa|fkf fao Fmcx qec }vkblmíe hka meawmvkloabaeva ae ao klxq|fc c |afqha ok `mxvc|mk } ok apmxvaehmkomfkf `qbkek k qek |aokhmøe fa xqbmxmøe xa|wmo h

fmcx"Fmcx apva|ec/ kiaec/ fmxvkeva/ bëx c baecx mefmga|aeva k eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe } ko hqko `k} {qa hcbtokha| c awmvk| aegq|aha|kyceax clwmkx (ax ok echmøe t|a"}cmhk c t|a"`mxvø|mhk fao bcecvaâxbc/ hcbt|aexmloa } ekvq|ko ae xq hcevapvc ta|c {qa `c} fal} tcfabcx xqta|k| bkfq|kefc txmhc"bc|kobaeva/ } tk|k aooc ax mbt|axhmefmloa kxqbm| ok echmøe v|memvk|mk } ok wa|fkf fao Waehk|ekfc {qa fmxqaowa vcfk fqfk } axvkloaha qe t|mehmtmc fa v|kexgc|bkhmøe vcvko } |kfmhko }k {qa fmwmemyk khvqko } tcvaehmkobok hcefmhmøe `qbkek/ } axtm|mvqkomyk ok bkva|mkomfkf }k {qa ax kxqbmfk ,ae ta|xcek, tc| ao Wa|lc Fmwmec/ mevan|kefc oc meva|mcapva|mc| apva|ek a meva|mc|baeva+++%%%/ hcoahvmwk a mefmwmfqkobaeva/ cliavmwk } xqliavmwkbaeva: xqta|kefc tc| mevan|khmøkevmecbmkx fqkomxvkx } ocx apv|abmxbcx9 ao cliavmwmxbc apva|mc|mxvk ,chhmfaevko, (qe Fmcx"fmcx apva|ec- } ao meva|mc|mxbc xqliav,c|maevko, (qe fmcx"fmcx meva|ec--%Xme ok omla|vkf fmwmek ec `kl|âk omla|vkf `qbkek/ } íxvk ax ok |aokhmøe f|kbëvmhk aev|a xâ } xq c|mnae#gme/ } ax |ako } tc| axc ,apbko, tc|{qa ao t|mba| khvc fa ok omla|vkf `qbkek ax |axtahvc k ok omla|vkf fmwmek {qa ok `kha tcxmloa9 khatvkhmøe "oml|a } kbc|eankhmøe "hkqvmwkeva } cfmcxk"% Vcfcx "hkxm‧" {qmaeax taexkbcx ae axva n|ke bmxva|mc/ kecekfkfcx c khcencikfcx } apvaekeva ao bko } ok ta|bkeaeva oqh`k hcev|k xq t|axaehmk meva|mc| } apva|mc|/ ecx `abcx t|anqevkfc konqek way tc|{qí `ke fa xa| hcxkx } tc|{qí Fmcx ec ecx h|aø ta|gahvcx } klxcoqvcx fa qek lqaek way‧/ ta|c ok ùemhk gc|bk fa `kha|oc `kl|âk xmfc h|akefaxtahma fa axvkvqk c qe kqvøbkvk hk|aeva fa mfaevmfkf/ hcehmaehmk } wmfk/ mehktky fa kbk| } tc| xqtqaxvc/ mehktky fa xa| oml|aaxc ec vaef|âk xaevmfc tc|{qa axc ec xa|âk qe xa| `ah`c ,k mbknae } xabaikeyk fa Fmcx, } tc| aefa ec xa|âk ok apv|cwa|xmøekhvmwk } hkvanø|mhk fa ok tcvaehmk fmwmek khvmwkfk m||ag|aekloabaeva tc| ok fmeëbmhk kbkvc|mk mev|kv|memvk|mk } {qa goq}a fa mebatc| qe aia {qa ko apt|axk|xa t|c}ahvmwkbaeva c apva|mc|myk|xa va|bmek|ë hkvanc|mykefc okx fcx oâeakx |ahvc|kx fa eqaxv|k oml|aokhmcekfk hce ok omla|vkf fmwmek9 bc|ko } h|akvmwk% ] ec xmaefc axc xmbtoabaeva ec vaef|âk xaevmfc } ec xa|âk‧/ cthmøe }

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‧ Axvk wmxmøe } echmøe fao xq|nmbmaevc fao kobk `qbkek } xq apt|axmøe ae#tc| ao eùhoac fa ok mfaevmfkf }cmhk hcexh

(tk|hmkobaeva faxh|mvk hce ok `mtøvaxmx gc|bko fao K%H%T%- k||maxnk tk|aha| fabkxmkfc ,ekvq|komxvk,: hcbc xm gqaxa ao agahvc ekvqqe t|chaxc bkva|mko bëx c baecx hkxqko } hkqxko: aphoq}aefc ok meva|waehmøe h|akfc|k fao Fmcx ta|xceko {qa kxmnek qe mfaeecbmeko } qe kobk mefmwmfqko } ùemhk k hkfk xa| `qbkec apmxvaeva {qa ekha (kxâ hcbc tc| xa| "xa| Wa|lc } wa|lkomfkf c tkokl|k ae ava|ec/ ta|gahvc } klxcoqvc khvc fa xq t|ctmk } apva|mc|mykfk khvqkomykhmøe/ khvmwkfk tc| ok oml|a oønmhk kbkvc|mk mev|kv|memv

 t|cwaa ok xqxvkehmkomfkf wa|lko {qa ,|akomyk, ok Tk|kfcik Bqefc/ kqe{qa íxvk ec ax ta|xceko c ec axvë vcfkwâk ta|xcekomykfkevax {qa ahocxmcea } hqobmea ao gaeøbaec `qbkec ae xq t|mba| } t|mbk|mc bavk"tqevc megoapmwc {qa `kha {qa fmh`k t|cn|awcoqvmwk fa xq t|mba| n|ke xkovc `khmk ok toaemvqf {qa ,ax xq faxvmec faxfa ao c|mnae,-% Ta|c axvk ktk|maehmk ax t|ahmxkbaeva g|qaxa hcegqxmcemxbc aev|a oc cevcoønmhc } oc gaecbíemhc/ fa axa a||c| necxacoønmhc } gaecbaecoønmhc {qa t|chq|c khok|k|9 axah|akfc| fmwmec xqhafa bavk"|ako } agahvmwk"agmhkybaeva ae#tc| hkfk ekhmbmaevc `qbkec/ ae xq ,c|mnae, ({qa ax ok bk|hk {qa kaxk bmxbk `mxvc|mk |akomykfc|k vaefmaeva ko ,gme,/ tc|{qa ec `k} c|mnae xme gme#gmekomfkf-/ {qa xa bkemgmaxvk/ apt|axk } |`mxvø|mhkbaeva faxfa ao mexvkeva fa ok gahqefkhmøe: ta|c fmh`k tk|vmhqok|mfkf mbtomhk {qa `k} qek axhkok ,vcvko,/ {qa ax ,vkb lmíawaevc høxbmhc {qa hqkomgmhk k ok `qbkemfkf naeí|mhk hcbc vko } xa apt|axk ae ocx bmoax fa bmooceax fa kûcx fa ok awcoqhmøe ek{qa ax ao Bcfc apt|axmwc ' t|c}ahvmwc hcbc Fmcx hcegma|a mbknae"gmnq|k k xq c ,axvk, tkokl|k (tk|k fmga|aehmk|oc fa ok h|akhmøc|fae axtm|mvqko tq|c-/ hqkomgmhkfk } hk|khva|mykfk tc| ok bmxbk hqkomfkf fao khvc h|akfc|9 ao kbc| } xq omla|vkf (}k baehmcekfchktmvko mbtc|vkehmk9 xm ok h|akhmøe fmwmek gqaxa qek ,abkekhmøe, c qe agahvc bahëemhc fa konqek tcvaehmkomfkf fmwmek âfab/ avaavh%/ } xm ao khvc h|akvmwc ec gqaxa ta|xceko/ oml|a/ wcoqevk|mc } bcvmwkfc tc| ok vaefaehmk k ok apva|mc|mykhmøe fa ok xqt|abk bahfao kbc| mev|k"v|memvk|mc/ aevcehax ok h|akhmøe } xq ,c|fae#c|faekbmaevc, ec falma|k hqobmek| ae qe xa| ,mbknc"Fam, mewmvkfc c

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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faxvmekfc, k ctvk| oml|abaeva keva ok cga|vk fa kohkeyk| ok hqkomfkf fmwmek: ae hq}c hkxc Fmcx `kl|âk ,mewaevkfc, qe qemwa|xc hc  ta|gahvc/ xme `mxvc|mk/ xme f|kbk/ xme xqg|mbmaevc/ xme tcxmlmomfkf fa ,bko, c fax"c|faekbmaevc/ ta|c xme omla|vkf/ } tc| aef tcxmlmomfkf konqek fa hqobmek| ae axk h|mkvq|k khvqko ' tcvaehmkobaeva keëocnk ko h|akfc|/ mehoq}aefc tc| hma|vc ok omla|vkf bh|akvmwk% Axa c|fae ec xa|âk xqta|mc| k qe bcevøe fa tmaf|kx/ k qe tokeavk bqa|vc/ k qek hcocxko axhqovq|k høxbmhk/ k qek ,axfa Fmcx"fmcx hcevabtoëefcxa ava|ek } axvëvmhkbaeva k xâ bmxbc ae xq hkt|mh`cxk/ axví|mo a meùvmo h|akhmøe% ] kfabëx/ fa xqhafmfc kxâ okx hcxkx ecxcv|cx ec apmxvm|âkbcx } ec axvk|âkbcx |agoapmcekefc ko |axtahvc‧/ xmaefc kxâ {qa vko ,tcxmlmomfkf,  tqaoanâvmbk ae hqkevc hceiavq|k apta|mbaevko ta|c ax oønmhkbaeva klxq|fk } ,vcvkobaeva, hcev|kfmhvc|mk‧ Hcbc }k fmia/ xí {qa axvkx ktcocnâkx xcl|a ok `qaook fmwmek ae ok awcoqhmøe ec |axqaowae qek n|ke } kenqxvmcxk fqfk kgaabchmceko {qa vcfcx vaeabcx } xqg|mbcx ae bk}c| c baec| bafmfk/ keva ao taxc k wahax hkxm mexctc|vkloa fao ,bko, } xqx agbkoíwcocx/ mehoqxc ko meva|mc| fa ok bmxbk ta|xtahvmwk ,|aomnmcxk,9 ³  tc|{qí Fmcx `myc kxâ okx hcxkx/ ta|bmvmaefc {qa xqhafm

,hkâfk, c ,axc, {qa k`c|k wmwmbcx hcbc ,bko, } {qa hkqxk xqg|mbmaevcx aefíbmhcx ae ok `qbkemfkf } ae vcfc c|fae fa hcx³  tc|{qí ec `myc qe qemwa|xc"hcxbcx mevan|kfc/ ta|gahvc } fagmemvmwc fa qek way3%%% Ao t|cloabk } ok mexmfmk xql}khaeva aehqaxvmcekbmaevc ax {qa xa ktc}k ae qek echmøe a||øeak/ mebkfq|k } hcegqxmcek|mk fa ok ,cbemtcvaehmk, fmwmek/ aevaefmfk ae`qbkek"|afqhvmwk/ hqko gkhqovkf tk|k ,`kha| hqko{qma| hcxk } oc {qa xa ecx chq||k, (ok mexmfmk "lkxvkeva hcbtomhkfk } tceyc|kfmhk ae {qa ok v|kfmhmceko khok|khmøe xcl|a ao ,oâbmva, fa ok tcvaxvkf fmwmek "ec tqafa `kha| ao bko"/ hkqxk fqfkx tc|{qa tchfavmaeae k hcexmfa|k| {qa ao ,bko, c ao a||c| ax xmbtoabaeva ao lmae bko `ah`c/ bko fmh`c ( bkofmvc- c hqko{qma| fagahvqchk|aehmk c mbta|gahhmøe {qa kgahvk k qek t|ctqaxvk hcexv|qhvmwk ,lqaek,/ } ctvke tc| ok khathmøe kgahvmwk menaeqk/ fahmfmaefc{qa Fmcx tqafa `kha|oc vcfc c ec tqafa ae hq}c hkxc ec ax Fmcx avh% ‧/ oc hqko ktqevk clwmkbaeva k iqxvmgmhk| ok |akhhmøe abc

fa |ah`kyc kh|âvmhc ko bko } xqx xqg|mbmaevcx "memhmkobaevaa oanâvmbk"/ ec kxqbmaefc ok t|ctmk omla|vkf ' |axtcexklmomfkf } `khoc {qa `kha ao emûc c ao txm{qmxbc mebkfq|c9 ,hqotk| ko tkf|a, (c khqxk|"hqotk| k ocx aeabmncx fa hokxa/ ko axvkfc/ ko nclma|ec|awcoqhmøe/ k ok |akhhmøe/ ko xmxvabk hktmvkomxvk c xchmkomxvk avh%: } ec ax {qa vkoax mexvkehmkx xake m||aoawkevax/ ta|c ec `ke fmewchkfkx hcbc aphqxk ,klxcoqvk, tk|k iqxvmgmhk| eqaxv|k mectmk/ bafmch|mfkf/ okxmvqf c mbtcvaehmk-%

Ax ok t|anqevk {qa9‧% falabcx kxqbm| } |axcowa| hce okx hokwax {qa ao t|ctmc Fmcx aev|ank/ ae axtahmko fq|keva xq bkemgaxvkhmøe wmxmloa Aehk|ekhmøe "{qa xa |akomyk `mxvø|mhkbaeva k axhkok mefmwmfqko } hcoahvmwk bafmkeva ao xkh|kbaevc aqhk|âxvmhc"9 vkevc ae ao hchcbc ae ao qemwa|xc bkva|mko `qlc } `k} hklmfk tk|k ok Omla|vkf Bc|ko% ] ok hokwa fmha ,kbc|,/ wmfk } xcl|avcfc ,omla|vkf,/ tc|{h|akhmøe ax "hcbc waenc fmhmaefc" qe khvc fa kbc| oml|a } wcoqevk|mc/ {qa xa v|kfqha ae qe t|c}ahvc/ ae qek meaek||kloabbk|kwmoocxk } gkevëxvmhk tcxmlmomfkf9 {qa ok h|mkvq|k {qa hqobmek t|mbk|mkbaeva ok h|akhmøe kohkeha oml|a/ h|akvmwk/ wkbc|cxkbaeva ao |kenc hqkomvkvmwc fao H|akfc|/ } aooc mbtomhk eahaxk|mkbaeva kxqbm| ao f|kbk fa ok omla|vkf/ ta|c ec axc ecxcv|cx ecx tk|aha qe aia|hmhmc klxv|khvc fa omla|vkf tq|k "ao khvc h|akvmwc mev|kv|memvk|mc" xmec ok omla|vkf bc|ko } h|akvmwk h|mkvq|k"h|akfk/ {qa ax meawmvkloabaeva qe fmëocnc hce ok omla|vkf fmwmek } hce ao kbc| fmwmec: } vkblmíe hce ,qec bmxbc,/ h

 t|ctmk hcefmhmøe h|mkvq|ko {qa ax qek |aokhmøe hce ok ekvq|koayk } eqaxv|k hcefmhmøe#xmvqkhmøe tk|kføimhk ae aook (aev|a oc bkmebkeaeva } oc axtm|mvqko"v|kxhaefaeva-% Ax bëx9 ,ok, c ,axvk, H|akhmøe ax ao f|kbk fa ok omla|vkf } tc| axc axvkbcx ookbkfcxhcefmhmøe fmwmek+%%% Xa xcomwmkevk|ce } |alaok|ce ocx ëenaoax tc|{qa tqfma|ce `kha|oc / } ao ,tahkfc c|mnmeko,/ xqna|mfc c mefqhmfaoocx/ xqhafa tc|{qa ax tcxmloa: } hcexmxva ae ok ta|wa|xmøe c|mnmeko } vcvko fa ok t|ctmk mfaevmfkf txmhc"keâbmhk9 ok tcvaehmkomfkf

  t|mbk|mk {qa ae way fa |ahcecha| xq ,c|mnae, ' ,gme,9 Fmcx ta|xceko/ {qa ax ok hokwa fao tcvaehmko |akomykfc|/ ctvk tc| ok mo ta|wa|xk9 ok kqvc"famgmhkhmøe "bavk megokhmøe ancmhk" {qa mewma|va ocx ví|bmecx/ klc|vk fmh`c tcvaehmko } faxv|q}a ok mfaevmfkf kh tcvaehmko% Ok Omla|vkf ax qe `ah`c } ax ao n|ke gkhvc| {qa tqafa fahmfm| eqaxv|c gqvq|c ava|ec toaec } fmwmec c ok ,hcefaekhmøcthmøe tc| ok kqvc"eankhmøe a mbtcxmloa kem{qmokhmøe/ ok ava|ek hcegqxmøe/ ok mexqg|mloa hcev|kfmhhmøe hcevmeqk-% Xme aook em xm{

 t|anqevk|âkbcx ko |axtahvc (ocx kembkoax xmaevae fcoc| } {qmyëx qe xqg|mbmaevc t|mbk|mc/ ta|c ec |agoapmceke em gmocxcgke- } ao fec apmxvm|âk em xa|âk% Ok bmxbk ,awcoqhmøe, xa|ë hcbt|aefmfk baic| hcbc xaevmfc (fm|ahhmøe- } wkoc| (xqlxvkehmk/ axaehmk- hqkeXmnemgmhkfc xak taexkfc } ,wmxqkomykfc, ae ok ta|xtahvmwk tk|kføimhk/ {qa ax vkblmíe qek cxhmokhmøe ,fmkoíhvmhk, aefava|bmemxbc } ok omla|vkf% Omla|vkf/ Kbc| } gaomhmfkf ,ava|ek, ‧  """""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;1= %" Cevcocnâk fa ok Omla|vkf (Omla|vkf PPWMMM-9Ekfma xa kxqxva hce axva vâvqoc‧ (<6#6#<44=-9 Gmekobaeva aehqaev|c qe t|mehmtmc fa ax{qabk c|faekfc|/ xcl|a ok fqk

apmxvaehmko fa ok Omla|vkf {qa `a waemfc baehmcekefc "bc|ko } h|akvmwk" } {qa axvmbc k}qfk k aev|awa| konqek xcoqhmøe

t|mehmtkoax aemnbkx } fqfkx {qa mewk|mkloabaeva ktk|ahae hqkefc xa fmxhqva axvk vabëvmhk h|qhmko9Omla|vkf H|akvmwk9Xm ao bqefc"|akomfkf gqaxa }k ,konc, vcvko } hklkobaeva hcexvmvqmfc hcbc h|aae ocx bkva|mkomxvkx {qa xcokbaeva |ahcebqvkhmceax awcoqvmwkx (ec clxvkeva okx vac|âkx hqëevmhkx t|ctceae qe tkec|kbk bqh`c bëx mehma|vc } ,t|clklmoâxvmhc,/ {qa ecao bmh|chcxbcx qe hcevmeqc ,ktk|aha| } faxktk|aha|, bëx c baecx a{qmwkoaeva k oc {qa xqhafa|âk k ok axhkok ,bkh|c,-/ ec `klh|akvmwmfkf c íxvk ec vaef|âk wkoc|#xaevmfc konqec: } ok h|akhmøe fmwmek xa `kl|âk khklkfc/ ec {qafkefc tk|k ao xa| `qbkec apmxbëx {qa ombmvk|xa k hqbtom| |anokx/ |coax c ,iqnk| qe iqanc, khcvkfc k ok fmeëbmhk |axmfqko fa oc |ako: c ombmvk|xa k hcemeva|t|avk| } xm khkxc k awkoqk| xqx |anokx } oa}ax (ae xâ } ktomhkfkx c me`a|aevax k axk |akomfkf }k |akomykfk-% Xa|âk ok bc|ko fao <ok khvmvqf meawmvkloabaeva xqbmxk keva ocx mbta|kvmwcx hkvanø|mhcx fa ok wa|fkf } xqx wa|fkfax ,gc|bkoax,% Ta|c xm wmwmbcx ,qe,qe, T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe vaefmaeva k qek hqobmekhmøe v|kxhaefaeva } fao hqko xcbcx ok bëpmbk apt|axmøe hqkomvkvmwk tcmbknc"Fam keëocnc"|agoaik } tk|vmhqok|: tc| xa| oc `qbkec apmxvaeva ok xqbk apt|axmøe fa oc h|akfc } kfabëx qe |agoaic#keëocnh|akfc| "k ,mbknae } xabaikeyk,/ xa ecx `k mewmvkfc "} ae tk|va hcbtaomfc" k hcevmeqk| ' hqobmek| ok h|akhmøe: } axva |co hc"h|ahcehma|ea ko T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe/ k ok khvqkomykhmøe fa eqaxv|c tcvaehmko (vaefmaeva k ok Toaemvqf/ k ok toaek khvqkomykhmøe c

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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|akomykhmøe9 fa oc apmxvaehmko k oc bavk"apmxvaehmko ' axaehmko/ {qa ax vkblmíe ao tcvaehmko |akomykfc| fa ok \akomfkf#Bqefcwa|fkf hcexmxvaeva hcexmxva ae qe fmëocnc/ qek |aokhmøe wmvko/ h|akvmwk/ oml|a } ,kbc|cxk, "tc| kbc|" aev|a ok h|akvmwmfkf fmwmehc"h|akvmwmfkf `qbkek9 fa oc }k `ah`c k oc tc| `kha| ' h|ak|% Ax vkblmíe ok ,|axtcexklmomfkf fa eqaxv|k omla|vkf, ae ' tkhvqkomykeva fao Bcbaevc Khvqko% Tc| ùovmbc/ ax ao Hkbmec k hcexv|qm|%Ax mbtc|vkeva faxvkhk| {qa fmh`c |co hc"h|akvmwc ({qa xa v|kfqha c |akomyk hcbc t|c"h|akvmwmfkf/ hc"h|akvmwmfkf } |a"h|akvmwax bëx {qa qe iqanc bc|ko/ bëx {qa qe aehk|nc n|khmcxc"n|kvqmvc/ bëx {qa qek mewmvkhmøe wcoqevk|mk k qe v|klkic"aia|hfaxkgâc bc|ko: xmaefc bëx lmae ao agahvc hcefmhmceko }#c ok hcefmhmøe t|ctmk fa oc `qbkec {qa tc| xa| ok xqbk apt|axmøe ,awcoqhmøe, c xq hcehoqxmøe hqkomvkvmwk t|mbk|mk {qa `k v|kxtkxkfc ao t|mba| bavk tqevc megoapmwc {qa bk|hk ao haxa fawcoqhmøe bkva|mko } ao memhmc fa ok bavk `mxvc|mk v|kxhaefaeva/ {qmí|koc c ec {qafk xmvqkfc ae ok hùxtmfa/ ae ok hmbk/ wkenqk|fmk fa ok `mxvc|mk: } ,axvkefc kooâ, ec hkla bëx {qa kxqbm| fmh`k tcxmhmøe hktmvqok| } |akhhmcek| keva ok mewmvkhmøe {

`cbl|a"Fmcx c Wa|lc Fmwmec aehk|ekfc ecx `kha tk|k meva|mc|myk|oc k gme fa tcvaehmk|/ v|kexgc|bk| } hkvkomyk| eqaxv|k wm|vqkhcexmxvaeva } kxâ |akomyk| ' apva|mc|myk|#bkemgaxvk| vcvko } toaekbaeva eqaxv|c tcvaehmko/ {qa ax t|ahmxkbaeva ok mexvkehmgkhvc| {qa eahaxmvk ok `mxvc|mk awcoqvmwk tk|k hcbtoavk| xkvmxgkhvc|mkbaeva xq t|cn|axmøe `kxvk kohkeyk| xq gme#gmeko#gmekomfkfOmla|vkf Bc|ko9Hcehma|ea k ok khvqkhmøe ,ae, } ok meva|khhmøe ,hce, oc `k `ah`c/ oc }k |akomykfc/ oc }k h|akfc {qa ax ao ,axvkfc khvqko, fao T|cha\akomykhmøe c fa khvqkomykhmøe/ ok ,|axtcexklmomfkf fa eqaxv|k omla|vkf ae#tc| ao Bcbaevc Khvqko ae xq hcefmhmøe t|axagaecbíemhk (,ktk|aeva,-/ t|awmkbaeva ko khvc khvqkomykfc| c k oc khvqkomykeva (omla|vkf } |axtcexklmomfkf hc"h|akvmwk-: } vkbhcehma|ea ko v|kvkbmaevc (hcechmbmaevc/ ktomhkhmøe- fa ok t|axaehmk me`a|aeva fao Ocncx hce xq oønmhk ae ok ekvq|komfkf : ao <*xa| mevqmfc/ aevaefmfc } ktomhkfc hc||ahvk a mea{qâwchkbaeva% Tc| ùovmbc/ ax ao Hkbmec k |ahc||a|%Vko hcbc `a waemfc fmhmaefc/ bm mbt|axmøe ax {qa ok vac|âk } t|kpmx ívmhk v|kfmhmceko "|aomnmcxk } okmhk" `k t|mwmoanmkfc c wkoc|mykfaphoqxmwkbaeva ok ,omla|vkf bc|ko, ae xq khathmøe eankvmwk/ oc hqko xa `k v|kfqhmfc ae qe avmhmxbc ' bc|komxbc t|c`ml|axv|mhvmwc } hca|hmvmwc/ bëx t|achqtkfc fa awmvk| ao a||c| {qa fa gkwc|aha| ok ahocxmøe wmvko% Ax ok bc|ko {qa |ahcecha ha|v

oønmhkbaeva {qa <*<26/ ùemhk |axtqaxvk hc||ahvk keva megmemvkx xcoqhmceax gkoxkx %%% Axvk khvmvqf ax txmhcoønmhkbaeva hcbt|aexhc||axtcefa k ok fmxtcxmhmøe ,hoëxmhk,/ gc|bko } gc|bkomxvk/ fataefmaeva fa ok gqehmøe |khmceko"mevaoahvmwk } |khmceko"hcnemvmfaxbaf|c fa ok |aokhmøe aev|a ok mevqmhmøe } ok wcoqevkf"omla|vkf ktomhkfk k ok wmfk/ ko kbc|"kbk|/ k ok hc } t|c"h|akvmwmfkapv|kûkefc {qa okx t|ëhvmhkx k|vâxvmhkx c h|akvmwkx ae naea|ko `k}ke {qafkfc |aoankfkx ko ëblmvc fa oc kova|ekvmwc/ oc lc`abbk|nmeko hcomefkeva hce oc tkvcoønmhc avh% (hokxmhmxbc wx% apt|axmcemxbc#|cbkevmhmxbc-%%S,‧ @k} {qa h|ak| qe `cbl|a eqawc% Qe `cbl|a {qa ec fataefk fa g|kxax em fa t|mehmtmcx waemfcx fa gqa|k% Qe `cbl|a hktky fa fahmfm|xa tc| x â bmxbc% Qe `{qa xkla |ahc||a| xq t|ctmc hkbmec oml|a fa vcfk hcbtqoxmøe apva|mc|  ‧,S t% Icxí Jaevaemh` (gqefkfc| fao bcwmbmaevc hkvøomhc ,X`÷exvkvv,- 

"""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;70 %" ,Bcofa Wm|vqko, } Omla|vkf9(0#7#<4;4- Ok `mtøvaxmx xcl|a ocx ,bcofax wm|vqkoax, (hkt% 8%8- xa bkevmaea/ ta|c gkovk t|ahmxk| ao cv|c gkhvc| fa ok Omla|vkf kolaf|âc" {qa meva|wmaea ae ok apmxvaehmkomfkf/ hqko ax oc h|akvmwc% Tc|{qa `a waemfc |amva|kefc {qa ok Omla|vkf `qbkek ax BH|akvmwk (xcbcx ok tk|va hqobmekeva } ,xqta|mc|, fao t|c}ahvc fmwmec } fa xq T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe/ } ao |co hc"h|akvmwc (*h|akvmwc * |a"h|akvmwc- {qa xa ecx kxmnek tc| xa| mbknc"Fam (hqkomfkf |a"tcvaehmkfk tc| ok aehk|ekhmøe ta|xceko#ta|xcekomykf

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|akomykfc| fmwmec: } axc ax oc {qa wkoc|myk ' axtahmgmhk ok Omla|vkf `qbkek tc| xq fqkomfkf bc|ko ' h|akvmwk (tc| xa| mbknc"Fam xoml|ax } h|akvmwcx-%"""""""""""""""""""""""""7%;%84%;44%;=8 %" Omla|vkf PPMP% Fcx |agoapmceax9K%" Meva|waehmøe ,k t|mc|m, (<>#=#<4;4-9³Tc|{qí , xa fmha, {qa Fmcx meva|wmaea vkevc tk|k hc||anm| ocx a||c|ax fa ok `qbkemfkf  (ko bk|nae fao kxqevc bcvmwkhmce,tc|{qí oc `kha, {qa ecx |abmva ko n|ke vabk fao Kbc| } ao Xkh|mgmhmc fao `cbl|a"Fmcx {qa xa `qbkemyk tk|k {qa ecxcv|cfmwmemhabcx"/ |ahktmvqokefc/ |axvkq|kefc |a"mevan|kefc ao t|c}ahvc fmwmec fa |akomfkf ' toaek |akomykhmøe ae#tc| qek eqawk }xâevaxmx h|akvmwk: hk|nkefc fa tkxc eqaxv|kx ,hqotkx, c oc bëx h|qhmko a âevmbc fa ok hcefmhmøe `qbkek"apmxvaehmko (,fagahvqcvcfkx oqhax tc| bqh`c {qa konqecx v|kvae fa h|aa| } `kha|ecx h|aa| {qa ao ,bko, ax tk|va fa oc ekvq|ko (khatvk|oc mbtomhk khat

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kfwa|vm| {qa ao kxqevc tk|aha `kook| wâkx fa xcoqhmøe xm |ahcechabcx ao eapc âevmbc } hkvanø|mhc aev|a Omla|vkf } Hcehmaehmk : aae hokwa ]cmhk ' Ta|xceko/ konc {qa hk|aha|âk tc| hcbtoavc fa wkomfay xm clwmëxabcx eqaxv|k n|ke wa|fkf ' hqkomfkf9 ao xa| MFam9 tc|{qa xøoc xm xcbcx#apmxvmbcx k ,mbknae } xabaikeyk, fa Fmcx vmaea xaevmfc xa| Oml|ax } Hcexhmaevax/ hk|khva|âxhqkomfkfax } gkhqovkfax {qa gqa|k fa axk hcefmhmøe } ta|xtahvmwk fan|kfke k moqxmceax c kqvc aenkûcx tkvívmhcx% Tc| oc bmxbc/ fa apv|kûk| {qa {qmaeax axvëe abtaûkfcx ae qxk| ok mfaevmfkf }cmhk/ ok hcehmaehmk } ok omla|vkf tk|k eank| xq gqaeva/ xqxva

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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Tk|k hcehoqm| ao tqevc xqnma|c ok xmnqmaeva mfak9 hkfk mefmwmfqc xmenqok| ax qe Ecbl|a ùemhc/ xmvqkfc ae qek tcxmhmøe axtahâgmfmxhq|xc wa|lko fmwmec (h|akhmøe- } tc| axc ax t|c}ahvkfc (bkemgmaxvc ' |akomykfc ' fmxtqaxvc- ae qek xmvqkhmøe"hcefmhmøe ùemhkv|kbk axtkhmc"vabtc|ko fao qemwa|xc gâxmhc% Fcx cliavcx {qa gqaxae ,tc| k|va fa bknmk, gkl|mhkfcx mfíevmhcx/ ae ao mexvkeva bfao memhmc fa xq apmxvaehmk/ xa|âke fa mebafmkvc bcfmgmhkfcx gâxmhkbaeva (xq bkxk- tc| chqtk| fcx tcxmhmceax ae ok v|kbk axtvabtc|ko/ {qa ax m||anqok|/ fmeëbmhk } kxmbív|mhk% Kqe{qa axvqwma|ke qec ko okfc fao cv|c ok n|kwafkf mehmfaeva xa|âk fmxvmevk aehqko } okx |axtahvmwkx bkxkx wk|mk|âke fa mebafmkvc (ae qe qemwa|xc xmbív|mhc lkxvk|âk qe t|cvøe wknkefc ae ocx hcegmeax fa knkokpmk tk|k kxmbav|myk| c m||anqok|myk| vcfkx okx bkxkx-% Aooc axvkloaha qe t|mehmtmc gâxmhc fa fmga|aehmkhmøe meawmvkloa } vcvko/ {hcexahqaehmk xa|âk ok apt|axmøe t|c}ahvmwk fa ok Oa} "bavkgâxmhk/ oønmhk } gc|bko"axtm|mvqko }#c wa|lko "% K emwao `qbkec aooc xa kt,faxfa hma|vk fmxvkehmk,/ kqbaevkefc ok axhkok fa clxa|wkhmøe9 hcexmfa|kefc ao gkhvc| vmabtc"`mxvc|mk/ wmwm| ae ao xmnoc < fmxvmevc k apmxvm|"axvk| ae ao xmnoc <;/ tc|{qa hkblmk ok qlmhkhmøe hcefmhmceko c ,tcxmhmøe xmnemgmhkvmwk, ae ao hcevapvc fao T|cha

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naeívmhkx% Xme ok fagahvqcxmfkf gâxmhk/ vcfcx ocx kembkoax fa qek axtahma falma|ke xa| mfíevmhcx ae xq fqkomfkf xapqkfk% Axvcaev|awa| cv|k tcxmloa hkqxk9 ³Ok omla|vkf bc|ko3%%%/ okx cthmceax apmxvaehmkoax fao `cbl|a hma|vkbaeva hcefmhmceke } bcfmgmhhcegc|bkhmøe (kobk- } hcegmnq|khmøe (hqa|tc-/ ta|c ax qe awaevc tcxva|mc|% ³Xce fmxvmevkx okx kobkx fa fcx |ahmíe ekhmfcx3%%% ok wa|xmøe khvqkomykfk c tk|kføimhk fa ok oa} fao `moabc|gmxbc/ ok tcxva|mc| fmga|aehmk hc|tc|ko |awaok {qa `qlc } `k} qek fmga|keâbmhk (bëx c baecx khaevqkfk tc| ocx khhmfaevax fa ok wmfk- tc|{qa ao Hqa|tc ax ok apt|axmøe"|akomykhmøe fa xq ghcexvmvq}aeva"hcexvmvqhmceko c Kobk (ok apva|mc|mykhmøe fa xq t|mehmtmc meva|mc|-: ta|c axc vkbtchc ba hcewaeha tc|{qa fawqat|cloabk ko kxqevc fa ok mbta|gahhmøe c k ok |atk|vmhmøe fa tk|vmhqok|mfkfax% Aevcehax bm|c ko ,c|mnae, } clxa|wc {qa ao t|cvcvâtmhc ax } axvë xcoc } ax fmga|aeva ko c|fae ekvq|ko ,mega|mc|, k ío tc|{qa tqafa ,ecbmek|oc, } |ahmla ao aehk|nc aptoâhm`kha|oc% Ae axa Bcbaevc/ ao Kfëe xmenqok| } xcomvk|mc fmgma|a xøoc fa ok mbknae |a"goapmwk {qa vmaea fa xâ bmxbc/ {qa ax ao |awa|xq t|ctmk mfaevmfkf hqko Mbknae fa Fmcx/ kevax fa ok tcxva|mc| fmxvc|xmøe ancmhk (ao |agoaic axtahqok| fa Ek|hmxc"hcevabtokefmbknae-%³Ío ax ok Mbknc Fam3%%% Ec%³Ío ax qek Mbknc Fam3%%% Ec%³Ío (ax- apmxva hcbc Mbknc Fam3%%% Xâ%Oqanc/ xq ]c ta|bkeaha aev|a ok gqaeva c|mnmeko"Fmcx/ fa {qmae ax mbknae } xabaikeyk/ } xq mbknae |agoaik"meva|mc| c Anc t|m(okvaeva/ kevax fa hqko{qma| megokhmøe ancmhk c fmxvc|xmøe }cmhk/ meawmvkloa xm xa ae{qmxvk ok Xcla|lmk ae way fa kxqbm| ok MH|mxvchíev|mhk {qa tcvaehmk"hkvkomyk eqaxv|c tcvaehmko fmwmec/ tcxmloa tc| ok aehk|ekhmøe fao Wa|lc Fmwmec-/ mbknae keëocnc"|fa ok Mbknc Fam% Ta|c axc ec gqehmcek ae t|mba|k a mebafmkvk mexvkehmk } Fmcx h|akfc| fahmfa {qa ,ec ax lqaec, {t|cvc`cbl|a axví xcoc (Níeaxmx <-/ } oc ,`kha hka| ae qe t|cgqefc xqaûc, fq|keva ao hqko h|ak k ok bqia|+%%%9 {qafkefc hcexvmvqt|cvc"tk|aik {qa khvmwk ok t|c"h|akvmwmfkf `qbkek hqko bcfc hcexmxvaehmko ekvq|ko } bcvc| `mxvø|mhc%K`c|k |avcbc oc keva|mc|9 ³`k} qe a{qmwkoaeva ae ao Hcxbcx fa ok fmga|aehmkhmøe tc| ochkomykhmøe ae ao axtkhmc"vmabtc gâx³Tqafa aevaefa|xa hcbc ao gkhvc| fa bk}c| c baec| ha|hkeâk k Fmcx ae okx ,bc|kfkx fao hmaoc,3%%% Vko way c vkblmíe: ta|c xa|hcexahqaehmk fao t|cn|axc bc|ko ocn|kfc ae ok apmxvaehmk/ ec fa qek fmga|aehmk ,ae c|mnae,/ k ec xa| {qa íxvk t|a"gmnq|a ao vmtapmxvaehmk/ konc tk|hmkobaeva xqtqaxvc ae ok `mtøvaxmx fa ocx Tokecx fa \anmxv|c Øevmhc t|a"mbt|axcx (ocx ,bcofax wm|vqkoax,mevan|ko9 ao Bcfaoc Tk|kfmnbëvmhc-% Kxâ/ xa|âkbcx hcexvmvqhmcekobaeva fmga|aevax ec tc| k{qaooc {qa xcbcx ko hcbaeyk|"ekha|

tc| ok mevan|ko fa oc {qa `kl|abcx `ah`c c ao bcfc hcbc fmxhq||mø eqaxv|k apmxvaehmk ,va||aeko, c bkva|mko/ ok gc|bk hcbc wmweqaxv|k cthmøe bc|ko"xmnemgmhkhmceko% Axvc ec ax t|afaxvmekhmøe xmec Tk|kfcik% ³Tcfabcx ,ekha| k ok wmfk, xmaefc k{qaooc {qa kxcbcx3%%%/ ec omva|ko em hkqxko#bahëemhkbaeva: xâ ae ao |agoaic kevmhmtkfc fa ok tcvaehmkomfkf khvqkfk ae#tc| ok apmxvaehmkomfhqkefc `klokbcx fa ,|agoaic, v|kabcx k hcokhmøe ao kxqevc fa ok Mbknae+-% Wkonk axvk hcexmfa|khmøe {qa vkbtchc |axqabmxva|mc tc|{qa mehc|tc|k k ok cevmhmfkf qe ,|ahqa|fc fao gqvq|c, {qa fataefa vkblmíe fa ok hcevmenaehmk } fa ok fagahvqchceníemvk: } axc mbtomhk qe Vmtc fa fmga|aehmkhmøe {qa falma|k faxktk|aha| c xa| xqlombkfc  ‘ hcexqbkfc ae ok Wmfk Toaek% Fa bcfcx tk|aha gkhvmloa kt|ahmk| qe gkhvc| fmga|aehmkeva {qa ax apmxvaehmko ta|c kiaec k ok mbta|gahhmøe fa ok gmxmhmfkf: tc|{qa mexme ao apv|kwâc bc|ko fao Tahkfc C|mnmeko/ ao t|cvc`cbl|a }#c ok t|cvc"tk|aik xce h|akfcx ae qe hcevapvc kxmbív|mhc } fmeëfcefa hkfk {qmae chqtk qek tcxmhmøe {qa fava|bmek ao ,Xa| } Axvk|, 2 Apmxvm|% [qmae wmwa (ae- ok xmvqkhmøe#hcefmhmøe K/ faxk||ctxm{qmxbc (hqa|tc"kobk- fmxvmevc k {qmae axvë ae L: } aooc xqtcea qek |av|ckhvmwmfkf t|c}ahvmwk øevmhk tc|{qa ao Xmxvabk Behcevmaea ocx tokecx fa |anmxv|c xmnemgmhkhmceko hce ao bcofa wm|vqko  t|a"mbt|axc c t|a"gc|bkomykfc fa ok mevan|ko wkoø|mhk wmwaehmkx c xmnemgmhkfcx apmxvaehmkoax t|ctmcx fa hkfk Mefmwmfqc } xq#ao Bqefc% Axcx ,bcofax, xa|ëe ooaekfcx (|akomykf

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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bkva|mkomykfcx- hce ocx xmnemgmhkfcx kf{qm|mfcx t|cwaemaevax fa ok apta|maehmk `mxvø|mhk c fa okx wmwaehmkx xmnemgmhkvmwkx/ ae bmbta|gahvc } xaoahvmwc/ falmfc k ok Wcoqevkf {qa aia|ha ao txm{qmxbc }cmhc hcexhmaeva c xq Omla|vkf Bc|ko ' H|akvmwk%Gkovk axvqfmk| } t|ahmxk| ok Vmtcocnâk fa Kova|ekvmwkx bc|koax {qa hcevmaea hkfk t|c}ahvc apmxvaehmko "hkfk wmfk mefmwmfqko"/ xm aokx `k} ,ae c|mnae,: fa oc hcev|k|mc ok omla|vkf bc|ko xa|âk xøoc ok tcxmlmomfkf fa ktk|vk|ecx/ koaik|ecx fao bcofa wm|vqko t|an|kl,ooaek|oc, mbta|gahvkbaeva c faik|oc wkhâc% Ax fahm|9 xøoc xa|âkbcx oml|ax fa a{qmwchk|ecx ae bk}c| c baec| bafmfk c fa ec oc {qa falâkbcx ' tcfâkbcx (vko hcbc oc h|aae } aexaûke ocx fmxvmevcx bc|komxbcx/ vcfcx bëx c baecx eaq|øvmhcx (xake fa btxaqfc"|aomnmcxk c mfacoønmhk-: ta|xtahvmwk fat|mbaeva a meiqxvk hce ok noc|mcxmfkf  klxcoqvk fa ok h|akhmøe fmwmek } xqlxahgkhqovkf hc"h|akvmwk kxmnekfk k ocx `qbkecx (fa vcfcx bcfcx/ kùe ae axva hkxc ombmvkeva }k ecx koaikbcx |kfmhkobaeva fkqvcbkvmxbcx ' bahkemhmxbcx fa ok t|afaxvmekhmøe vko hcbc ok aevmaefae ocx  t|afaxvmekhmcemxvkx gkvkomxvkx-% Megmemvkbaeva bëaxc ax ok omla|vkf bc|ko ae axtahmko xm ec oa ha|haekbcx xq hcbtceaeva h|akvmwc: } tc| oc vkevc hc||mic okx `mtøvaxmx xcl|a ocx T

fa \anmxv|c Øevmhc kgm|bkefc {qa ok khhmøe apmxvaehmko `qbkek ax bëx {qa ok xmbtoa vk|ak fa |kvmgmhk| ok cthmøe bc|ko øtvmbkwmxvk ({qafa fmh`k `mtøvaxmx hqko faxh|mthmøe fa ok lkxa t|mbk|mk"ekvq|ko fao  t|chaxc bc|ko / kevax fa kxhaefa| k okx hmbkx xqlfa ok hc"h|akvmwmfkf fcefa }k ec mbta|k ao vabc|"k"a{qmwchk|ecx tc|{qa ok oqy fmwmek ecx nqâk } kembk `khmk konc bëx/ bëx kooëkooë fa ok fagahvqcxmfkf apmxvaehmko-% Axc vkblmíe ,gqehmcek, ta|c fala vaea| qek gkhavk ,h|akvmwk,/ fcefa ao mbt|awmxvc `mxvø|mhao |agoaic c ok t|c}ahhmøe apt|axmwk fa ok H|akhmøe fmwmek/ hcbtoavk ,ae c|mnae, } hcevmeqk ' hcexvkeva ae xq bkemgaxvkhmøe `mxaevaefmaefc {qa ok `mxvc|mk ec ax qek bahëemhk hmank c kyk|cxk em qe iqanc |at|axaevkvmwc xmec qe#ao T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe {qmewcoqh|k ae bcfc khvmwc/ |axtcexkloa } h|akvmwc% C xak9 hcexmfa|kefc ao bqefc"qemwa|xc fmeëbmhkbaeva/ ok khhmøe bc|ko faxa| qe xmbtoa t|cloabk fa kfahqkhmøe bahëemhk k ok ,oa}, } k axa ,|ahqa|fc fao gqvq|c, c t|a"wmxmøe "} t|a"fmhhmøe"/ tk|k hcewaae ok bk|kwmoocxk } xmabt|a hkblmkeva xmegceâk kxhaefaeva fa ok Wmfk h|akvmwk/ |a"h|akvmwk } t|c"h|akvmwk |anmfk tc| ao mbtaxqlomba fao Kbc| ' Kbk|/ {qa fmxhq||a tc| ocx meva|bmekloax hkqhax fa ok omla|vkf fmwmek } xq |agoaic keëocnc ae ok omla|vkf `q{qa ax ao fmëocnc oml|a aev|a xâ } xq |aga|aeva fmwmec% Ao ta|mtoc gâxmhc ax fagmemfc } xahqaehmko9 ekhmbmaevc/ faxk||cooc } bqa|va:aooc ax ok t|c}ahhmøe apt|axmwk fa qe Xâblcoc mevan|ko a mevan|kfc|/ fa ekvq|koayk axtm|mvqko } bavkgâxmhk/ {qa hc

apmxvaehmkobaeva ao wa|lc Wmfk% Ae hkfk hcehathmøe `qbkek hcbmaeyk k apmxvm| "k |akomyk|xa/ k apt|axk|xa" qe t|c}ahvc fa Xa|hkfk klc|vc c h|mbae xa ktqûkok ao t|c}ahvc fa vcvkomfkf/ megm|míefcoa qek `a|mfk xken|keva {qa hkqxk qe axva|vc| fa koan|âk knae ao megma|ec } t|clkloabaeva clomnk k qek meva|waehmøe hc||ahvc|k } hcbtaexkfc|k fao Fmcx t|cwmfaehmko tk|k xkowk| ok mevan|fao T|c}ahvc H|akvmwc } Xkowâgmhc%\avc|ec k`c|k ko Níeaxmx } k xq |aokvc xmbløomhc9 ³tc|{qí Klao } Hkâe xce fmga|aevax3%%%/ ³oc gqa|ce ko ekha|3%%% Ao Tkxvc| } ao Okl%%%/ xqx khhmceax a mevaehmceax fmgma|ae/ tc|{qa aoocx fmgma|ae/ } ec tcf|âk xa| fa cv|c bcfc9 xce ao g|qvc eqawc }#c ecwafcxcqemøe aev|a ao tkf|a } ok bkf|a: } hkfk {qmae ekha ae bcbaevcx fmxvmevcx/ naea|kfc tc| fcx qemceax fmxvmevkx ae fcx hcefmhfa |akomfkf fmxvmevkx (ae fcx bcbaevcx khvqkoax fmxâbmoax fao T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe/ oc {qa hcefmhmcek fcx bcfcx fa khvqkomyxmenqok|ax/ kxâ xa v|kva fa nabaocx qemwmvaomecx ‧-% Lmcoønmhkbaeva/ ocx `qbkecx xa|âke mfíevmhcx xm ,vcfcx , ekhma|ke ae qeawaevc/ mebaexk hkevmfkf fa nabaocx naxvkfcx ae hcefmhmceax klxcoqvkbaeva xmbív|mhkx/ aba|nmaefc fao xaec bkva|ec ko bvmabtc/ ae ok bmxbk gc|bk } ae ao bmxbc oqnk|+%%%/ } xmaefc |ahmlmfcx ae bcfc qemgc|ba tc| qe bafmc kblmaeva ,mnqko tk|k vae vcfc xaevmfc+%%% Ec `k} fqfk xcl|a ao fmekbmxbc } ok m||anqok|mfkf9 ao bmxbc qemwa|xc gâxmhc xq|na } xa faxk||cook kxmbív|mhkb} tc| axc ,okx hcxkx xce hcbc xce c bëx lmae axvëe hcbc axvëe,% Ok |akomfkf t|c}ahvkfk c apmxvaehmko ax m||anqok|/ kxmbífmeëbmhk a mbta|gahvk: } vcfcx xqx hcbtceaevax c|nkemykfcx c hcegmnq|kfcx xce fmxvmevcx% Mnec|c xm okx t|cvctk|vâhqokx vkblxce9 aoahv|ceax/ lcxceax/ {qk|jx %%%: {qmyëx em xm{qma|k tcfkbcx xkla|oc tc|{qa axvkx aevmfkfax xce bëx lmae hcefmhmcekoax kqtcf|âkbcx (ba |agma|c k ocx gâxmhcx %%%- t|anqevk|ecx xm fcx tk|vâhqokx wm|vqkoax xce ,gâxmhkbaeva, mfíevmhkx c ec (xmabt|a } hqwkonk gmocxcgk| cevcoønmhkbaeva xcl|a qe gaeøbaec gâxmhc/ } ba vabc {qa ec t|chafa-% Ta|c ocx `qbkecx ec oc xcbcx: } vko wavkblmíe xak qek iqxvmgmhkhmøe tk|k ok fmeëbmhk h|akvmwk fa ok xqt|abk oa} fao Kbc| ' Kbk|%³Høbc wmwmbcx ok fmwa|xmfkf ae ok ,|akomfkf,39 cfmcxk c kbc|cxkbaeva% Ocx ,fabëx, tqafae hcewa|vm|xa ae ao |ahatvc| fa eqat|c}ahhmceax kgahvmwkx"kgahvkfkx bcvmwkefc ao fmh`c xk|v|akec9 ,ao megma|ec xce ocx cv|cx,% Ta|c hqkefc aeg|aevkbcx ok xcoafhc|vktmxkx em awkxmceax/ ok kenqxvmk/ meha|vmfqbl|a } hcegqxmøe goq}ae oml|abaeva ae t|ctc|hmøe fm|ahvk ko fax"c|fae txmhc"bcokx mfakx xa xqta|tceae bqovmtomhkefc okx fqfkx `khmk qe ktk|aeva megmemvc {qa vkbtchc oc ax: } hqkefc xaevmbcx ok mebmeaehklmxbc }#c fao `c||c|/ lkxvk qe xmbtoa hcewa|xkhmøe kbkloa hce ,konqmae,/ hce ,cv|c, xmbmok| } fmxvmevc k ecxcv|cx: c qek xmbxmeha|k xce|mxk tk|k {qa ao qemwa|xc } xq#eqaxv|c bqefc |ahcexvmvq}k fa mebafmkvc xq axv|qhvq|k ' xmnemgmhkehmk } vcfc wqvaea| xaevmfc %%% Bëx {qa hcbtoabaevc } hcbtaexkhmøe/ axc ax hcexvkvk| {qa ax tcxmloa ,xa| }cmhkbaeva, xme ,xa| xøoc }c bmx

xme hafa| k ok vaevkhmøe ancmhk hce xqx mefmwmfqkomxbcx apkha|lkfcx: cv|cx bqh`cx aevax apmxvaevax } xqg|maevax kqe{qa lkxvk|âxøoc tk|k fmxmtk| okx l|qbkx fa ok moqxmøe xcomvk|mk %%% Awmfaevabaeva xce bkemgaxvkhmceax ombmvkfkx ta|c agmhkhax fao Kbctcvaehmk wa|mgmhkfc|k: tc|{qa `k} ,wa|fkf, ae ao cv|c } ocx cv|cx (`knke oc {qa `knke c fmnke oc {qa fmnke-: qe na|bae fa wa{qa hcev|k||axvk ao khcxc fao `c||c| {qa vkblmíe khah`k ae ao klmxbc meva|mc| fa ok xcoafkf gmeko%Ao t|cvc`cbl|a xqlxmxvâk ta|c Fmcx ta|xceko } h|akfc| fmha9 ,%%% ec ax lqaec {qa ao `cbl|a axví xcoc %%%, % Aevcehax ao t|cvc`c,hka ae qe t|cgqefc xqaûc,9 @cbl|a t|cvcvmtc xqaûc t|cgqefc Bqia|% Ok t|mba|k fc|bmhmøe fao `cbl|a xcoc %%%/ ³vakonùe bcvmwc tk|k xcûk|3%%%/ ³xcûø ao xmnemgmhkfc fa ok bqia| kqxaeva a meapmxvaeva3%%%: ³xcûø ao xmnemgmhkfc fao f|kbk meva|apva|mc| fa ok kqxaehmk fa xq xcbl|k } hcev|ktk|va3%%%/ ³xcûø ao t|mba| xmnemgmhkfc fa ok t|mba|k kenqxvmk fa ok t|mba|k xcoafOqanc faxtma|vk } aook ax } axvë kooâ/ iqevc k ío% Ao t|mehmtmc fa ok wmfk `qbkek hcbmaeyk/ oqanc xqhafa ok ,aptqoxmøe, a memhmk eq`mxvc|mk% Hce ok t|cvctk|aik9 qe#ao cbl|a ' qek#ok bqia| (} ocx baehmcec tc| c|fae kogklívmhc ‧- Aevcehax aevmaefc ,fcefa axvklk ao a||c|, fa ok fqfk9 ³[qí xaevmfc vmaea t|anqevk| xcl|a okx fmga|aehmkx3%%% Ok hcehmaehmk hcbxmaefc ok |a"goapmøe fao ]c xcl|a xâ c xcl|a xq khvc ' khhmøe hcexvmvqvmwk"gc|bkomykfc|k (K%H%T%-/ } t|ctc|hmcek ao xkla| hma|vct|ctmk mfaevmfkf (echmøe } xaexkhmøe-% Eqehk hcbtk|kbcx eqaxv|c }c"ecbmeko hce cv|c ]c a{qmwkoaeva tc|{qa ec vaeabcx

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Hcehmaehmk fa ocx ,cv|cx,: xøoc ha|vayk gaecbíemhk a mevqmvmwk (xqta|kloa xcokbaeva bafmkeva ok t|kpmx aphaoxk fa ok H`k|mvkx c xcl|aekvq|ko {qa ocn|k ok hcbqemøe c qemøe hcbùe fao }c hce vcfcx } hce ao vcfc-/ } qek tcfa|cxk xaexkhmøe% Tk|k hcex,fmga|aehmkx, bëx kooë fa okx ktk|maehmkx } hk|khva|âxvmhkx fagahvqcxkx/ `kl|âk {qa hceg|cevk| ]c wx% ]c/ hcehmaehmk wx% hcehmamfaevmfkf"Ecbl|a wx% mfaevmfkf"ecbl|a c ktk|maehmk wx% ktk|maehmk: ta|c ec hcehmaehmk hcev|k ktk|maehmk tc|{qa ao |axqovkfcaenkûcxc% Xm ,taexkbcx, ok fmga|aehmk xqxvkehmko q øevmhk aev|a okx axaehmkx mefmwmfqkoax/ ec ok aehcev|kbcx tc|{qa ae klxvxøoc v|kvkbcx hce Gc|bkx (oa}ax gc|bkoax- c axv|qhvq|kx (ok oønmhk } xqx oa}ax wa|lkoax hcexvmvqvmwkx-% ] ae hceh|gaecbíemhkbaeva/ okx fmga|aehmkx xce chqovkfkx tc| ok t|aabmeaehmk fa ok Fagahvqcxmfkf hce xqx m||anqok|mfkfax ecvcapkna|kfkx (ao iqanc aev|a Xmenqok|mfkf } Vcvkomfkf xa kt|ahmk ae okx kxchmkhmceax ' kn|qtkhmceax xmbløomhkx/ hcbc ok t|cvc"mhce Iaxùx } ocx ;< ktøxvcoax/ vcfcx ecvc|mkbaeva fmxvmevcx ae baevkomfkf/ hk|ëhva|"vabta|kbaevc/ |co xchmko/ wcoqevkf/ kxtgmxcecbâk/ lmc"vmtc/ gaec"vmtc/ baevkomfkf/ fmxtcxmhmøe avh%-%

Tc| cv|c okfc/ vkblmíe a|k a{qâwchc kekomyk| axva vabk klxv|k}aefc okx Kobkx axtm|mvqkoax fa xq hcefmhmøe ta|xceko ' apt|axmøe |ako c hc|tc|ko (fa xq ap"xmxvaehmkomfkf c apva|mc|mykhmøe/ } fa xq `mxvc|mk-: tc|{qa ekhabcx hce qe Hqa|tc "hcbc hqawmwm|abcx ok Toaemvqf hce axa bmxbc hqa|tc noc|mgmhkfc: `klmaefc xøoc qe Vmabtc Apmxvaehmko gâxmhc } bavkgâxmhc fq|keva ao hKobk } xq Hqa|tc xqg|m|ëe qek axhmxmøe |aokvmwk ko  tqevc fa wmxvk ,va||aeko,% [qma|c fahm| {qa ok fqfk xcl|a okx ,fmga|aehmkx kobkx tq|kx, wkoa xcokbaeva tk|k mefknk| xcl|a ok gc|bk keâbmhk (|axtahvc ko gkhvc| gc|bko#axtm|mvqko-/ ec xmaefc qe `fava|bmekeva: tc|{qa ao kobk `qbkek axvë faxvmekfk k ,xa|, }#c bavk"apmxvm| c hcexmxvm| toaekbaeva hce xq apt|apva|mc|mykhmøe c hqa|tc (axva `ah`c t|mbc|fmko fa ok fchv|mek h|mxvmkek "ok |axq||ahhmøe fa ok hk|ea ' fa ocx hqa|tcx } ok |anaeaaxhkvcoønmhk fao qemwa|xc#hcxbcx" ax tchc kt|ahmkfc/ tchc aexaûkfc/ tchc mbknmekfc  tk|k bm nqxvc: t|afcbmekefc qek ecwmxmøe bq} axtm|mvqkomxvk {qa tchc hcev|mlq}a k ok fmgqxmøe fa ok Lqaek Eqawk tc|{qa k ok bk}c|âk fa ocx `qbkecx ec,abchmcek, em ecx aevqxmkxbk mbknmek| qek ava|emfkf tq|kbaeva keâbmhk#axtm|mvqkomykfk c fax"aehk|ekfk-% K fmga|aehmk fa ocxaxtm|mvqkoax tq|cx/ hcbc ocx ëenaoax {qa xm lmae hk|ahae fa hc|tc|amfkf gâxmhk a mbta|gahhmceax apmxvaehmkoax/ hcexvmvq}ahcbqemfkf c|nkemykfk ae |kencx hqkomvkvmwcx } gqehmcekoax/ } vmaeae qek ,baeva, xmbmok| k ok eqaxv|k tc|{qa tqafae mevaomn

omla|vkf bc|ko } wcoqevkf: mehoqxc hcbavmaefc a||c|ax q ctvkefc tc| ao bko% ³@k} qe gkhvc| fmga|aehmko qemwa|xko {qa kgahk|khva|myk k vcfk ok H|akhmøe3%%%

Ecvk ko bk|nae9 ³{qí xa aevmaefa tc| ,baeva,3%%% Konc clwmc/ awmfaeva/ ok baeva ax %%%: ³ax3%%%%%%%%% Ec ax ao ha|al|c/ vkbtchc ao kobk/ em okx gqehmceax fao kobk/ xanùe ao t|mehmtmc moabø|gmhc/ Bcfaoc Tk|kføimhc c xmbtoa oa} fa vcvkomfkf#mevan|mfkf/ ok apt|axmøe#bkemgaxvkhmøe fao kobk c gkhvc| wa|lko hcexvmvq}aeva ax aogâxmhc aeva|c: hq}k hklayk `k fa bkemgaxvk|/ bkva|mkomyk| } ,|akomyk|, aevcehax ok hùxtmfa hqkomvkvmwk fao kobk% ³[qí tk|va f ao kobk c fa xqx kv|mlqvcx/ hqkomfk,gqehmceax, tcfabcx |ahcecha| } kn|qtk| ae k{qaooc {qa faecbmekbcx ,baeva, } {qa |kfmhk c ,axvë, ae#tc| ok ,hklayk,3%%% ³Vcfkx3%%%/ tk|ahma|k oc clwmc/ xce vcfkx/ ao kobk aeva|k xa bkemgmaxvk xøoc hcbc ,hklayk"ha|al|c,/ } ao |axvc fao hqa|tc {qafk fax"kembkfc+%%% Oc hqko ae tk|va hcmehmfa hce ok awmfaehmk abta|c ec vcvkobaeva tc|{qa ec `k} qek xatk|khmøe klxcoqvk aev|a ok hklayk } ao |axvc fao hqa|tc `qbkec (ax fahm|9 ok `k} hqkomvkvmwkbaeva tc|{qa thkblmk|ecx c v|kxtokevk|ecx c {qmvk|ecx hqko{qma| tc|hmøe fao hqa|tc gâxmhc } xanqm|abcx ,xmaefc ecxcv|cx bmxbcx,/ aphatvc ao ha|al|c: ta|c mevan|kobhqa|tc ax qemfkf/ qe vcfc xmnemgmhkeva/ qe konc axtahâgmhc {qa ax ,konc bëx, {qa qe xmbtoa kbkxmic fa híoqokx } ø|nkecx } fmeëbmhkx lmc"{qâbmhkx hcbc t|ava|afqhhmcemxbc gmxmcocnmxvk-% ] xm ,ec vcfk ao kobk, xa bkemgmaxvk hcbc hklayk#ha|al|c/ hqkoax ,tk|vax, c gqehmceax fao kobk {qafke gqa|k fa axvk a{qmwkoahc||axtcefaehmk3%%% Ax qek meva||cnkeva hce bùovmtoax gkhavkx9 gmocxøgmhk/ hmaevâgmhk/ txmhcoønmhk/ gaecbíemhk avh%: } xcl|avcfc omenÿâxvmhk tc|{qa ok tkokl|k ,b{qa vkevc ktk|aha hcexmnekfk ae hma|vcx vapvcx `mxvø|mhcx/ mehoq}aefc ok Lmlomk/ ax ok v|kfqhhmøe bëx c baecx khvqkomykfk fa echmceax hq}k apkhvk xmnemgmhke|axqovk aevaefmloa ae ao vmabtc t|ctmc fa k{qao hcevapvc hqovq|ko% Tc| axc axvmbc {qa xa|âk bëx {qa hcewaemaeva qek apínaxmx c qe axvqfmc gmocoønmhc khvqkomykf

Ok tk|kfcik Kobk ' Hqa|tc (c ok fmxhqvmfk v|mecbâk hqa|tc"kobk"axtâ|mvq- ax fmeëbmhk c `mxvø|mhk vkblmíe tc| mewcoqh|hcbtceaeva bkva|mko {qa ec ax qe konc |ako klxcoqvc xmec qek tk|va khvmwk fao T|chaxc fa \akomykhmøe: axa hqa|tc gâxmhc {qa thcevapvq|k"hcbtoapmøe khvmwk } xq tcxmhmøe ùemhk ae ao axtkhmc"vmabtc hcexvmvq}a } apmxva hqko aevmfkf ùemhk } aphoFaxktk|aha|ëe okx mbta|gahhmceax/ ec ok xmenqok|mfkf em ok mfaevmfkf ecbmeko {qa ok axaehmkomyk wa|lkobaeva: } ae ok Wmfk xanqm|abcx xmaefc ùemhcx ae#hce#tc| ao Qec t|cvcvâtmhc } t|cvcníemhc "Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec"/ kqe{qa ae qe hcevapvc"ëfa Kbc| klxcoqvc xqxvaevkfc tc| ao t|mehmtmc/ c|mnae } tcvaehmk klxcoqvk fao Kbc| wmvko/ oml|a } h|akvmwc#h|akfc|9 Fmcx ta|xcekov|mec (xm ec ax ta|xceko } xm ec ax v|memvk|mc ec ecx meva|axk% ³K {qmae meva|axk|âk qe Fmcx"fmcx klxv|khvc/ kiaec k eqaxv|k `mxmegmemvkbaeva kiaec } fmxvkeva {qa ecx h|aø/ hkqxø c abkeø } klkefceø k eqaxv|k xqa|va3%%%/ íxa ax ao fmcx"faâxbc fa ocx tkevaao {qa h|mvmhke c emanke ocx kvacx tc| hma|vc: } ao {qa mnec|ke ocx knecxvmhmxvkx-% Taexabcx vkblmíe ae ok mbtc|vkehmk fao XmxBeíxmhc ae ao txm{qmxbc `qbkec/ meva|bafmkefc aev|a ok apta|maehmk gâxmhc#apmxvaehmko } ok wmwaehmk hce xqx xâevaxmx øevmgc|bko#axtm|mvqkoax (aooc ,bk|hk ao xmnemgmhkfc fao vmabtc, } tk|vmhmtk khvmwk#xqxvkehmko#axv|qhvq|kobaeva ae ok gc|bkomykhgc|bkomfkf fa ok Mfaevmfkf }cmhk fa tc| xâ } ae#tc| xq eapc hce ok Hcehmaehmk fa \akomfkf"Bqefc-9 ec `k} fcx wmwaehmkx mfíevmh

ok `mxvc|mk } lkxvk|âk qek xcok } xq |axtahvmwc ,|ahqa|fc, tk|k xmenqok|myk| qe Xmxvabk Beíxmhc mefmwmfqko } tc| apvaexmøe/ txm{qmxbc ta|xceko"ta|xcekomykfc% Tmaexc } axta|c {qa ae ok wmfk toaek ok ,babc|mk, ec xa|ë lc||kfk tc|{qa xqx hcevaemfcXmnemgmhkfcx fa ekvq|koayk gc|bko#axtm|mvqko } tc|{qa ax tk|va fa ok hcexmxvaehmk }cmhk ({qa vkbtchc gaeaha|ë }k {qa ax qe |keëocnc } tk|vmhqok| fa ok mfaevmfkf fmwmek/ fa Fmcx ta|xceko qec } v|mec } ec fa qek famfkf apva|mc|/ klxv|khvk a mbta|xceko hqko falkbcx me"xqbm|ecx tk|k fmoqm|"kem{qmok| ae aook eqaxv|k t|ctmk mfaevmfkf } Ecbl|a T|ctmc fagmemfc c |ankokfc tc| ao bFmcx ae#tc| xq khvc h|akfc| ta|xceko/ oml|a } kbc|cxc-: xøoc xa|ë hcbtoavkfc } ta|gahhmcekfc ao hceiqevc fa ocx  tokecx fa |aøevmhc/ klxcoqvmykefc t|ahmxkbaeva k{qaoocx hcevaemfcx hkqxkevax fa ok fmga|aehmkhmøe% Fq|keva ok wmfk va||aeko ao T|chaxc `kl|ë `ah`c oc {qa tqfc "{qa ec xqaoa xa| bqh`c %%%" } ec lkxvk|âk tk|k ocn|k| ao n|kfc fa Mevan|khmøe/ Vcvkomykhmøe } Ta|gaeahaxk|mc tk|k tcfa| ,xa| ' axvk|, ae ok toaemvqf } k ok xcbl|k |kfmkeva fa ok Oqy fmwmek% Ta|c xm oc ke`aokbcx/ axta|kbcx } tafkooâ axvë ao Fmcx ta|xceko fa Kbc| hce xq mbknc H|mxvc"híev|mhk/ fmxtqaxvc k hcbtoavk| ao v|klkic } xqtom| eqaxv|k mbta|gahhmøe hN|khmk hctmcxk/ meva|bmekloa } ,n|kvqmvk,%

5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

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5/12/2018 ensayo: "Sobre la Libertad" - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayo-sobre-la-libertad 184/184

 

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