enlightenment “the age of reason”
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Enlightenment “The Age of Reason”. What was it?. Where else have we heard the term “enlightenment?” Buddhism What did that mean? Enlightenment A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Enlightenment“The Age of Reason”
Where else have we heard the term “enlightenment?”BuddhismWhat did that mean?
EnlightenmentA new intellectual movement that stressed
reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems
Reached its height in the mid 1700s
What was it?
Scientific Revolution? (Mid 1500s)Careful observation and a willingness to question
accepted beliefs
Renaissance? (1300-1600)Humanism – human potential and
achievementsSecular – worldly
AbsolutismPeople didn’t have much power or sayEnglish Civil War
Causes…?
Where do you think it started?
The Enlightenment reached its height in France
Paris became the meeting place to discuss ideas
Philosophes – social critics during the Enlightenment
What do you think they are doing here?
Salons – a social gathering of intellectuals and artists;
What you think each one of these means?
Reasontruth could be discovered through reason or logical
thinkingNature
what was natural was also good and reasonableHappiness
urged people to seek well-being on earthProgress
society and humankind could improveLiberty
Called for liberties that the English people had won
Main beliefs during Enlightenment
What does this do?What happens if you
don’t?
Social Contract:Agreement by which
people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or govt.
Social Contract
4 Enlightenment Philosophes
Hobbes
Locke
Rousseau
Voltaire
Each had a different view about :HUMANS
AND
HOW GOVERNMENT SHOULD CONTROL
THEM
Lived in England during the Civil WarState of human nature:
Unhappy and miserableIf you grew up during this time, would you
want a strong government to take control?
Supported royal absolutismWrote The Leviathan
Powerful sea monster in the bibleGovt. should also be all-powerful and absolute
Thomas Hobbes
SOCIAL CONTRACT
What would Hobbes’ theme song be, and why?
Da Nuh Nuh/Da Nuh Nuh
Also lived during Civil War and Glorious Revolution
State of human nature:Happy
People possessed natural rights to life, liberty, and property
Purpose of government: protect those rightsIf the govt. failed to protect, people could…?
Overthrow it!
Where have we heard Locke’s ideas before?
John Locke
SOCIAL CONTRACT
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness..”
Declaration of Independence
Constitution
What would Locke’s theme song be, and why?
Da Nuh Nuh/Da Nuh Nuh
Francois Marie ArouetBorn in FranceHad been jailed twice for sharp criticismCriticized laws, customs, and even religion of
France
Used his pen as a weapon to combat prejudice“I do not agree with a word you say but will
defend to the death your right to say it!”What influence did he have over the U.S.?
Freedom of speech
Voltaire
What would Voltaire’s theme song be, and why?
Da Nuh Nuh/Da Nuh Nuh
From Switzerland, born lower-classState of human nature:
Happy and had natural rightsWrote The Social ContractPeople agreed to surrender rights to submit to
the General WillWill of the majority
Government was necessary to carry out rule of the majority
Used for communism and dictatorshipsHow???
Jean Jacques Rousseau
SOCIAL CONTRACT
What would Rousseau’s theme song be, and why?
Da Nuh Nuh/Da Nuh Nuh
What do you think might happen??How could IDEAS cause revolutions?
With all these new ideas about govt…