Enlightenment Ideas Enlightenment Ideas SpreadSpread

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

French French SalonsSalons

Paris=cultural & intellectual capital of EuropeParis=cultural & intellectual capital of Europe People came here to study & enjoy culturePeople came here to study & enjoy culture

Salons: social gatherings where intellectuals would Salons: social gatherings where intellectuals would discuss ideasdiscuss ideas

Diderot: encyclopedia (articles from leading Diderot: encyclopedia (articles from leading thinkers of the time)thinkers of the time)

French gov’t & church began censoring French gov’t & church began censoring Said it encouraged revolt (just wait!!!)Said it encouraged revolt (just wait!!!)

New Artistic StylesNew Artistic Styles

Baroque: dominant style during 1600sBaroque: dominant style during 1600s Grand, ornate, elaborate (Palace of Grand, ornate, elaborate (Palace of

Versailles)Versailles) Neoclassical (“new classical”): emerged Neoclassical (“new classical”): emerged

during Enlightenmentduring Enlightenment Simple, elegantSimple, elegant Borrowed from ancient Greece & RomeBorrowed from ancient Greece & Rome

BAROQUEBAROQUE

NEOCLASSICAL

Enlightened MonarchsEnlightened Monarchs Despot=“absolute ruler”Despot=“absolute ruler” Enlightened despot: rulers that Enlightened despot: rulers that

embraced new ideas of Enlightenmentembraced new ideas of Enlightenment Many philosophes tried to get Many philosophes tried to get

monarchs to rule while respecting monarchs to rule while respecting people’s rightspeople’s rights

Frederick the Great (Prussia)Frederick the Great (Prussia) Religious freedomsReligious freedoms --

reformed justice systemreformed justice system Improved educationImproved education --

abolished tortureabolished torture ““the first servant of the state”the first servant of the state”

Enlightened MonarchsEnlightened Monarchs Joseph II (Austria)Joseph II (Austria)

Freedom of pressFreedom of press Freedom of religionFreedom of religion Peasants/serfs paid w/ $Peasants/serfs paid w/ $

Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great wrote letters w/ Voltairewrote letters w/ Voltaire ProposedProposed

Religious tolerationReligious toleration Abolishing torture & capital punishmentAbolishing torture & capital punishment Didn’t happen Didn’t happen Expanded Russia (took over much land)Expanded Russia (took over much land)

The Revolutionary WarThe Revolutionary War

Britain has huge debt from French Indian War Britain has huge debt from French Indian War (war w/ France over American territory)(war w/ France over American territory)

Britain expected colonists to help pay for the warBritain expected colonists to help pay for the war Pass Stamp Act (tax on any stamp put on anything)Pass Stamp Act (tax on any stamp put on anything) ““taxation without representation”taxation without representation” Boston Tea Party!!!Boston Tea Party!!! Shots exchanged Lexington & ConcordShots exchanged Lexington & Concord

Revolutionary War beginsRevolutionary War begins

Influence of EnlightenmentInfluence of Enlightenment

Colonial leaders used ideas of Enl. to justify Colonial leaders used ideas of Enl. to justify revolutionrevolution

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence Written by Thomas JeffersonWritten by Thomas Jefferson JOHN LOCKE!!!JOHN LOCKE!!!

natural rightsnatural rights rebel against oppressive gov’trebel against oppressive gov’t

Americans win their independence!Americans win their independence!

Creating a ConstitutionCreating a Constitution(Hooray for Montesquieu!)(Hooray for Montesquieu!)

Constitution=how the gov’t works, laws the gov’t Constitution=how the gov’t works, laws the gov’t must followmust follow Federal system: power is divided b/w national Federal system: power is divided b/w national

& state gov’ts & state gov’ts 3 branches3 branches checks & balanceschecks & balances

Montesquieu!!!Montesquieu!!!

Creating a GovernmentCreating a Government(You rock Locke & Rousseau!)(You rock Locke & Rousseau!)

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty Gov’t gets its power from consent of the Gov’t gets its power from consent of the

peoplepeople Republic (representative gov’t)Republic (representative gov’t)

LockeLocke Elections (president, congress)Elections (president, congress)

Rousseau!!!Rousseau!!!

Bill of RightsBill of Rights(Woohoo Voltaire & Beccaria!)(Woohoo Voltaire & Beccaria!)

Individual RightsIndividual Rights Bill of Rights Bill of Rights

Freedom of speech & religionFreedom of speech & religion Voltaire!!!Voltaire!!!

accused have rights (fair speedy trials, accused have rights (fair speedy trials, etc)etc)

No torture (cruel & unusual punishment)No torture (cruel & unusual punishment) Beccaria!!!Beccaria!!!