enhancing algal biodiesel through the use of waste products · 2017-09-05 · derrick r. j. kolling...
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Derrick R. J. Kolling March 16, 2010
Enhancing Algal Biodiesel Through the Use of Waste Products
Derrick R. J. Kolling
Department of Chemistry
Renewable Energy in West Virginia
June 5, 2014
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Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
• Biofuels research justification – Why do we need biofuels?
• Algal biodiesel – TAGs
• Research projects – Photomixotrophically grown algae – Using glycerol to increase algal biodiesel yields
Overview
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Renewable Energy
Biofuels
Solar power
Wind power
Tidal power
Hydropower
Geothermal
futurefarmers.com/survey/algae
epmb.berkeley.edu
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Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
Dismukes et al. (2008)
Biofuel Footprint
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Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
Available Biomass
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Photosynthesis
Derrick R. J. Kolling March 16, 2010
Carbon Fixation
Electrons (as NADH, NADPH, Reduced Ferredoxin)
Biomass
CO2
H2O O2
Protein Synthesis
e-
ATP
Source: Damian Carrieri
anaerobic
Fermentation
O2
H2
lipid protein carbohydrate
biodiesel animal feed
ethanol
CO2, organic acids
ATP
Lipid Synthesis
H2O
Algal Biofuel
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Chisti (2007) Biotech. Advances
Algal Biofuel
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Scott et al. (2010) Current Opinion in Biotechnology
Algal Biofuel
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Comparison of lipid accumulation in photomixotrophically and heterotrophically grown Chlorella vulgaris
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[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [
0 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8
Cultu
re
1
2
3
4
5
6
Measured: -[Chl a] -turbidity -dry weight -lipid dry weight
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Turb
idity
(AU
)
Time (Days
PhotomixotrophicHeterotrophic
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9C
hl a
(mg/
ml)
Time (Days)
PhotomixotrophicHeterotrophic
Cell Density750nm Chl a Expression
Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
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0
2
4
6
8
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Wei
ght (
mg)
Time (Days)
Series3Series4Series1Series2
Photomixotrophic Cells
Heterotrophic Cells
Photomixotrophic Lipids
Heterotrophic Lipids
Dry Weight Growth Curves and Corresponding Dry Lipid Weights
C 18:2(n-6): linoleic acid
C 18: stearic acid
C 18:1(n-9): oleic acid
C 16: palmitic acid
Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
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• Photomixotrophically grown cells produce 2X as many lipids as do heterotrophically grown cells
• This increased to 5X under N deprivation (50 %)
• Photomixotrophically grown cells reach stationary phase and higher biomass sooner
• Cyclic electron transfer
• Cells produce palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids
Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
Findings
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Using glycerol to maximize lipid production in Chlorella vulgaris
Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
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Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
Working hypothesis: Increased glycerol availability will increase the production of TAGs in C. vulgaris
Scott et al. (2010) Current Opinion in Biotechnology
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Radakovits, et al. Eukaryotic Cell
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Extracellular matrix Glycerol
Glycerol
Glycerol transporter
Glycerol kinase
Modified from Radakovits, et al. Eukaryotic Cell
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Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
Stationary phase cells were exchanged into control or N-deplete medium that contained 1% glycerol
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• N-deprived cells accumulated ~%50 biomass of control
• %20 of biomass in N-deprived cells was lipids vs. %15 in the control
Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
Findings
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• Algal biodiesel -Ben Woodworth, Tony Stephenson, Rebecca Mead, Courtney Nichols, Morgan Stickler, Kasey Stickler, Mallory McDonald, Aaron Holland
•OEC photoassembly -James Board, Hope Cook, Ben Blodgett, Matt Thompson, Shane Kagen, Chase Turner, Ben Weiner, Justin Erwin, Jordan Hilgeford
• Bioethanol from invasive algal species -Kevin Militello, Shaheed Elhamdani
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
Funding
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Derrick R. J. Kolling June 5, 2014
Research Tools • Oximetry
• Fluorescence
• GC-MS
• Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
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OEC Photoassembly Application
www3.imperial.ac.uk
Artificial Leaf
www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/h2design/profile/main.html
Bioinspired/biomimicked System
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Wijffels, R.H. and Barbosa, M.J.2010 Science