english reformation. england becomes protestant henry viii became convinced that his 42 year old...
TRANSCRIPT
England Becomes Protestant
• Henry VIII became convinced that his 42 year old wife was too old to bear him a son
• He wanted a divorce but the Catholic church wouldn’t allow it
• So, Henry VIII called Parliament into session and asked it to pass laws ending the pope’s power in England
England Becomes Protestant
• Henry divorced Catherine and married Anne Boleyn
England Becomes Protestant
• In 1534, Parliament voted to make the King the official head of England’s church
• Soon afterwards, Henry closed all English monasteries and seized their land and wealth for himself
• He would eventually marry four more times
Jane Seymour
• Henry’s 3rd wife, bore him a son Edward
Queen Elizabeth
• Daughter of Henry and Anne
• Inherited the throne in 1558
• Returned England to Protestantism
• In 1559, Parliament acceded to her request to establish a national church much like under Henry VIII
Queen Elizabeth
• This was to be the only legal church in England
• People were required to attend its services or pay a fine
• This was known as the Church of England, or Anglican Church
Queen Elizabeth
• Faced the threat of invasion from Catholic Spain
• This was partially because she supported Protestant subjects who rebelled against King Philip II
• He sent the Spanish armada to the SW coast of England only to have the English destroy it
King Philip II of Spain
Spanish Armada
The Elizabethan Age
• The Renaissance in England is known as the Elizabethan Age, named for Queen Elizabeth I
• She patronized the art and also wrote poetry herself
• She also inspired much poetry
William Shakespeare
• Wrote in Renaissance England
• Many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time
• Born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon; by 1592, had moved to London
William Shakespeare
• His works display a mastery of the English language and a deep understanding of the human soul
• He wrote many famous works, including…
Macbeth
King Lear
• Features King Lear, a pre-Roman British King whose daughters bring about his downfall.
Hamlet
• The story of a Danish prince who plots the death of his uncle in revenge for the murder of his father.
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
• Tells the story of four young lovers and their adventures in a moonlight forest with the fairies who inhabit it.
Julius Caesar
• A good example of how Shakespeare drew upon the classics as a source of inspiration.
The Catholic Reformation
• While Protestantism was growing, millions remained loyal to Catholicism.
• There was a movement inside the Catholic Church to reform itself called the Catholic Reformation.
Ignatius of Loyola
• Led the Catholic Reformation.
Jesuits
• In 1540, the Pope made the followers of St. Ignatius into a religious order called the Society of Jesus
• Also called the Jesuits.
The Jesuits
• Seal of the Jesuits • Modern day Jesuits.
The Jesuits
• 1. founded superb schools throughout Europe.
• 2. helped convert non-Christians to Catholicism through missionary work.
• 3. stopped Protestantism from spreading
The Jesuits
• Their zeal helped stop the spread of Protestantism in Poland and Southern Germany.
• In the 1500s, popes took up the cause of Catholic Reformation.
The Council of Trent
• A meeting of church leaders called by Pope Paul III in 1545
• At the council, several important church doctrines were agreed upon, such as…
The Council of Trent
The Council of Trent
• 1. The Catholic Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final and any Christian who offered their own was a heretic.
The Council of Trent
• 2. Christians need faith and good works for salvation and people were not saved by faith alone.
• 3. The Bible and the Church were equally important in determining how to be a Christian.
The Council of Trent
• 4. indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but the false selling of them were banned.