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UPO 2017 | LMG_GM052 THIS COURSE MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT AND MAY NOT BE COPIED OR REDISTRIBUTED

DIGSPES

ENGLISH PR GRAMDIGSPES | JURISPRUDENCE AND POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

2017


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ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE

(INTERMEDIATE) By Raymond Murphy

UNITS 38-40

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE

(ADVANCED) By Martin Hewings

UNITS 83-86

CONDITIONALSPRACTISE


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GrammarCONDITIONALS


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Conditional

The

Zero


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• TALKS ABOUT THINGS THAT ARE ALWAYS TRUE

If you heat water, it boils.

If I don’t like a film, I don’t watch it.

• YOU CAN ALSO USE WHEN INSTEAD OF IF

When the sun goes down, it gets dark.

If + present simple, present simple.

ZERO CONDITIONAL


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– If snow becomes too hot, …

– People get hungry if ….

– If it rains, outdoor activities …

– You can’t catch the train if …

– If you see a wild pig in the forest, …. !

ZERO CONDITIONAL

YOUR TURN


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Conditional

The

First


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• TALKS ABOUT REAL + POSSIBLE SITUATIONS

IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE

If you study hard, you’ll pass the exam.

IT’S POSSIBLE YOU CAN / WILL STUDY HARDER,

SO IT’S POSSIBLE YOU WILL PASS THE EXAM.

If + present simple, will + to infinitive.

1° | REAL SITUATION


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– If I study regularly, I…

– I will be really happy if…

– If I have spare time this afternoon, I…

– If you help me, I…

– If you cheat in an exam, you…

YOUR TURN

FIRST CONDITIONAL


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Conditional

The

Second


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• YOU DON’T THINK STHG WILL REALLY HAPPEN (THIS DEPENDS ON YOUR POINT OF VIEW)

• IMAGINARY FUTURE, HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS,

IMPROBABLE / IMPOSSIBLE FUTURE

If you studied harder, you would pass.

I KNOW YOU + SO I KNOW YOU PROBABLY WON’T

STUDY HARDER, AND SO YOU PROBABLY WON’T PASS

If + past simple, would + to infinitive.

2° | UNREAL FUTURE


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If I had more time, I could take up cycling.

If I had more time, I would take up cycling.

If I could, I would. - Aerosmith

COULD refers to ability WOULD refers to willingness.

SOMETIMES YOU CAN DO SOMETHING,

BUT YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO DO IT.

COULD VS WOULD


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– If I had an extra two hours per day, I…

– I would be really happy if…

– If I could have any job in the world, I…

– If I ruled the world, I…

– If I were a superhero, I…

SECOND CONDITIONAL

YOUR TURN


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Conditional

The

Third


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• DESCRIBES A SITUATION THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN

• YOU ARE IMAGINING THE RESULT IN THE PAST

(WHICH DID NOT HAPPEN) AND HOW IT COULD

HAVE BEEN DIFFERENT

If + past perfect, would + have + past participle

3° | UNREAL PAST


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• DESCRIBES A SITUATION THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN

• YOU ARE IMAGINING THE RESULT IN THE PAST

(WHICH DID NOT HAPPEN) AND HOW IT COULD

HAVE BEEN DIFFERENT

If you had studied, you would’ve passed.

YOU DIDN’T STUDY SO YOU COULDN’T (+ DIDN’T) PASS

> THE IF-CONDITION + RESULT ARE IMPOSSIBLE NOW

3° | UNREAL PAST


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• USE NEGATIVES TO TALK ABOUT THINGS THAT

DID HAPPEN IN THE PAST.

•He wouldn’t have missed the bus if he hadn’t overslept.

• USE POSITIVES TO TALK ABOUT THINGS THAT

DID NOT HAPPEN IN THE PAST.

•He would have missed the bus if he hadoverslept.

3° | UNREAL PAST


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– If I had known about the test, I....

– If you hadn’t told me, I....

– I would have caught the earl train if...

–If I had remembered your birthday, I...

– I wouldn’t have bought it if...

YOUR TURN

THIRD CONDITIONAL


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SummaryCONDITIONALS


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If + present simple, will + bare infinitive.

If + past simple, would + bare infinitive.

If + present simple, present simple.

If + past perfect, would + have + past part.

0° WHEN / IF / UNLESS

1° WILL, SHALL, CAN OR MAY

2° WOULD, SHOULD, COULD OR MIGHT

3° WOULD / SHOULD / COULD / MIGHT HAVE

RULES SUMMARY


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GrammarMIXED CONDITIONALS


DIGSPESSOMETHING A LITTLE HARDER

conditionalsmixed


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• MIXED CONDITIONALS ARE UNREAL

• THE TIME IN THE IF CLAUSE IS DIFFERENT

FROM THE TIME IN THE MAIN CLAUSE

• CONDITIONAL TYPES 2° AND 3° ARE USUALLY

MIXED

MIXED CONDITIONALS


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PAST TIME + PRESENT TIME

If I had studied harder for my last exam, I wouldn’t be nervous about my course.

I DIDN’T STUDY HARD FOR MY LAST EXAM

AND SO NOW I AM NERVOUS ABOUT MY COURSE

MIXED | PAST + PRESENT


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PAST TIME + FUTURE TIME

If I had been worried about my course, I would ask my professor for some advice.

I WAS NOT WORRIED / HAVE NOT BEEN WORRIED

BEFORE ABOUT MY COURSE, BUT,

IT COULD BE THAT I COULD WORRY IN THE FUTURE.

IN THAT CASE, I WILL ASK MY PROF. FOR ADVICE.

MIXED | PAST + FUTURE


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PRESENT TIME + PAST TIME

If I were smarter, I would have studiedharder at high school.

I AM NOT SMARTER AND THEREFORE I DID NOT

STUDY HARDER WHEN I WAS AT HIGH SCHOOL.

MIXED | PRESENT + PAST


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PRESENT TIME + FUTURE TIME

If I had more time, I would study at the library at weekends.

BUT… I DO NOT HAVE MORE TIME

SO I WON’T STUDY AT THE LIBRARY AT WEEKENDS.

MIXED | PRESENT + FUTURE


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FUTURE TIME + PAST TIME

If I weren’t preparing my thesis so soon, I would’ve started an extra research project.

BECAUSE I AM PREPARING MY THESIS SOON

I DECIDED NOT TO START MY RESEARCH PROJECT.

MIXED | FUTURE + PAST


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FUTURE TIME + PRESENT TIME

If I were taking this exam next week, I would be a little anxious!

BUT… I AM NOT TAKING THE EXAM NEXT WEEK

SO I AM NOT ANXIOUS AT THE MOMENT.

MIXED | FUTURE + PRESENT


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AdditionalCONDITIONALS


DIGSPESSOMETHING A LITTLE HARDER

examplesother


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1° CONDITIONAL | HAD BETTER

If you’re taking the exam tomorrow, I had better go to bed early!

THE TIME REFERENCE IS THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE.

HAD BETTER IS NOT A PAST TENSE HERE.

HAD BETTER = STRONG ADVICE

ALTERNATIVES ARE: MUST, SHOULD OR OUGHT TO.

HAD BETTER


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1° CONDITIONAL | SHOULD / HAPPEN TO

If you should be free later, give me a call.

If you happen to be free later, give me a call.

I DON’T EXPECT YOU WILL BE FREE, BUT, MAYBE YOU

WILL BE…. IN THAT CASE, CALL ME.

IF + SHOULD / IF + HAPPEN TO:

> SUGGESTS SOMETHING IS VERY UNLIKELY.

SHOULD / HAPPEN TO


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STUDY HARD, PRACTISE AND ENJOY ENGLISH!

english pr gram - jimiandbernie.com 9... · •talks about real + possible ... if + present simple,...

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