English Language Proficiency I

Madam Dashima Bt Abdul Wahab

Prepared by :1. Nurain Binti Rosham

2. Nadhira Binti Abdul Karim3. Izasyahira Binti Duasah

Sentence Structure :Sentence Types

What is it Sentence types ?• There are four types of sentence which are simple sentence, compound

sentence, complex sentence and compound-complex sentence.

• Each sentence is defined by the use of independent and dependent clauses, conjunctions, and subordinators.

Sentence Type

SENTENCE TYPES

Simple sentence

Compound sentences

Complex sentence

Compound-Complex sentence

Basic Elementsof

Every Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Basic Elements

Pocoyo takes pictures.

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Simple Sentences

has only one main idea

contains a subject and a verb, but they can

also contain compound subjects or

verbs

is an independent clause with no conjuction or

dependent clause

it expresses a complete thought

Simple Sentence

Pocoyo takes pictures.

SUBJECT PREDICATE

one subject one predicate

Simple Sentence

play hide and seek.Pocoyo and friends

Compound Subject

Simple Sentence

take pictures and play hide and seek.

Pocoyo and friends

Compound Subject Compound Predicate

&

Simple Sentence

• SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject

• Pocoyo and friends play hide and seek.

• SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate

• Pocoyo and friends take pictures and play hide and seek.

Compound Sentence

contains more than one part that can stand alone (independent clauses).

Independent clauses and the main ideas are

connected by coordinator, conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon.

has two or more idea

Except for very short sentences, coordinators

are always preceded by a comma

Compound Sentence Use of Coordinating Conjunctions

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

and

COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Compound Sentence

• I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.

• Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.

In the following compound sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that precede them are in red.

Compound Sentence

We went to San Juan,

and most of us danced all night .

Subject Verb

CoordinatingConjunction

Predicate

Verb

Prepositional phrase

Modifying phraseSubject

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Independent

Compound Sentence

• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE BEGINNING

• Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: IN THE MIDDLE

• Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.

• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE END

• Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

Semicolons

• “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

Example :

Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.

Complex Sentence

contains one independent clause and at least one

dependent clause

The clauses in a complex sentence are combined with conjunctions and

subordinators

a subordinates idea adds to or completes the

information given in the main idea. it cannot

ussually stand alone as a sentence

words such as why, which or that can function as

subordinating conjuctions and appear in front of

subordinate ideas

Complex Sentence

After they finished studying,

Juan and Maria went to the movies.

PredicateSubject

SubordinatingConjunction Part that cannot stand alone

Complex Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

even though

Example :

Because she didn’t like cats, Hillary got a dog.

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because,"

"before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until,"

"when," "where," "whether,” and while."

Compound-Complex Sentence

• contains multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

• These sentences will contain both conjunctions and subordinators.

Because she did not like cats,

Hillary got a dog,

and Sara, who loves dog, named him.

Subject Predicate

SubordinatingConjunction

CoordinatingConjunction

Part that cannot stand alone

Compound-Complex Sentence

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE:COMBINES BOTH TYPES

Punctuate each clause according to its rules!

Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy.

Excersise :1: The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.

a. Simple

b. Compound

c. Complex

2: Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.

d. Simple

e. Compound

f. Complex

3: Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping.

g. Simple

h. Compound

i. Complex

4: Although Mexico has the better football team, it lost.

a. Simple

b. Compound

c. Complex

5: The island was filled with many winding trails, a small lake, and dangerous wild pigs.

d. Simple

e. Compound

f. Complex

6: Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material.

g. Simple

h. Compound

i. Complex

7: While Abel and Gottlieb thought their father would change after a few months, he didn't.

j. Simple

k. Compound

l. Complex

References

Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.

The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.

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