english for everyone. engleza pentru toti. ghid de gramatica

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ERYCT\E ** itiqs ale , eomparatiwe WMK ffi HH"

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Page 2: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

0v

st ,,o13uro3" nr lnlol!14-]4

9narelnlrde:ar - alnlall undurl il

n;duurs 1:a;tad lnla{

nnulluof 1:a1tad lueze.,td il

nldLrrs lnlerl

aa an,t"rrdrl il

gt nnurluor tuazard E

e nldLurs luezard E

s-8989-ee-909-8/6 N8S

LZ0Z'erelll :tlsalnlnE- q:rleLlet6 ep prq6 :auo{tana .Lo1 qs l6u;

tatueulou e

aleuorieS itralotlqtB e dl3 eaJatrtsaC

edo6 uueyl :ssatda.1d r6 etel:epa.1ouqa1eelt p1 uep6og : eltado: aJ e..ltnlatd

eq:eu3 euer6toae :Jo]laloCnueedue3 sar11

:oJe]repoJ rs 1:erord areuopJooOttrl rs n:se.lprx :to1rp3

laqbreg euer6roag:ezal6ua equJrl urp aJalnpeJl

alen_.tazal ell nldetp aleo_;

PUeL!O l eqL!t'l ut eaunrstan ntluederalrl erpaN dntg y7g7 'Bt0Z O 1q6r'r{do3

etrleuLetb ap ptqgriol n4uad eza16u1

ad elrzu, rialnd ap

ot eta1r1@rzuautot :lteul-a:zLtBrgzglo:6191 gz, lto:06e9 610 LZ0: talerueuroE 'rlsatn:n5 ', _.lo]tas 'zlz d 3:0g d o

eJaltl eJnltpl!vElrll

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eurJeqS etl 'lrlueteq6 e1qn5 91.tado: uau6rsagutlJed laeqlrr\l 'urng pooMpl UoleJ}snll

qlaal ualaH 'spreMpl qeres tlerroltpa riuelsrsyuappoqs aJelS ]qee eIUns

'euelsrJ0 l ned'pJo]]tl3 ltutLrJoc DtlstlJe lJollepausalAeC uoluetl uag 1:ero.rd .ro1rp3

aJeltazal alunldatp aleo1palrLrrl {elstapury 6ur1_tog 6 alrur6eur aleo_1

asnoH LrJopueU urn6ua6 aruedr.lo: gpalrLrr1 lalsrapury 6urltog 91,g7 61q61,{do3

a pt ng Letu ut eL g qst76u1

auofuat4 to1 qs116u3

sSnOHuopue2l i

urnEuJd

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Page 3: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

]l viitorulcu,,will" 50 ,,Ob.1ect questions" 9i ,,sublect questions"

3 Prezent pentru evenimente viitoare intrebarr indirecte

3 Viitor continuu 56 E intrebiri disjunctive (Question tags)

3 Viitor perfect intrebari scurte60

3 viitorin trecut

3 Viitor - recapitulare intrebiri - recapitulare64

3 Diateza pasivd 66 3 Vorbirea indirecti

Dialeza pasivl la trecut 3 Timpuriin vorbirea indirectd

3 Diateza pasivd la viitor 72 3 Verbe pentru vorbirea indirectd

3 Diateza pasiva cu verbe modale 3 Vorbirea indirectdin propozilii negative

8

12

14

'16

20

22

28

30

32

J+

i8

!;

ti

3 Alte construclii pasive 3 intrebdriin vorbirea indirectd

3 Propozili i condilionale 78 3 Vorbirea indirectd - recapitulare

E Alte propozilii condilronale Tipuri de verbe

E Propozi\t condilionale - recapitulare 85 Verbe de acliune;i de stare

E Posibiliteli viitoare Infinitive gi participii88

E Dorinle ti regrete Construclii verbale

E Formare a interogativului 94 Construclii verbale cu complemente

E Cuvinte interogative 98 Construclii verbale cu prepozilii

flt '^trebirideschise Verbe frazale100

7

Page 4: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

alrqEpErBuou t( a; qeperS anrl:alpy85t

esnduuo: aArluElsqns 961

ar nl rlsq n sala]luol ts allE]lsqE aAtlElsqns

tvz psdtll il

rola^rltuuut E elEUnlsald

aun sre^UI

ilPnluarlE € arEqLUrqls

Ar]lnporlur ,,11"

)ate-" n: ar'r1e8ota1ut alutAnl

,,ataq1"

a^rlEler unltnlls allvarelnlrde:a.t - ololrlrV

uolruUapau antlela; rrirzodot;

,rr ttirnp.c Ezsr rrie8rlqo

E

I uoll ul;ap a^tlElar r rf rzodot6

arsasod f

elglploqau eunuord d

allxal;ar aLunuord { 8srun1e1s r( ltlsa8ns il

I liPtltuP: e ateur txotdy

aleuosrad aurnuord D

tst eletr:edef EalPpou.r rqrr1 E

-Trtffii'

Page 5: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

202

208

,'l0

212

216

220

226

228

230

232

;

240

*,

244

*,

._25U

252

255

3 Adjective la comparativ E Cuvinte de legituri - recapitulare

E Doui comparative impreuna Prefixe

3 comparalti cu,,as... as" @ srrir"

Adjective la su perlativ Expresii care se confundi ugor

Adverbe de mod Secvenliere st or gantzare

A Comparativulgisuperlativuladverbelor 274 E corectare gischimbare a subiectului

Adverbe de grad Decizie 9i afirmatri evazive

Adverbe de timp

Adverbe de frecventd

Conversa!ie

Referinfe

Glosar

lndice gi mulfumiri

E ,,So" 9i ,,such"

@ ,,Enough" gi ,,too"

@! Prepozilii

@ Prepozilii pentru loc

@ Prepozilii pentru timp

$t Alte prepozilii

@t Prepozilii dependente

@ Conlunclil coordonatoare

E Conjunclii subordonatoare

@ Alte cuvinte de legatura 310

Page 6: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

pzpq ap pLu]ol pl ,,s-" p3nepP as

",1r"

r(,,aqs"

",aq"

nJ

rnlnq.ra^ P PZPq aP Plurol

vzvrr uor 3s wnf

tw'rud/ le )Jo/r,l seleel qou

'ur?[[ lE lJorul suEls aH

'uds te Uoru\ e^Eel ,(ar{Io

'tuE6 lP llo/ttl Uels eM

'tulu.roru {rane ae#o) IurJp aM 'tugu.roru {rana ee#of Dlurrp eqs

ltdwlxl llrv

'pzEq ap pLUroJ El ,,s: E8nepp as ',,f;" 1i,,aqs" ',,aq" n3

Aep A;ana udz lE qlunl a aqsnldr-urs;nluazard nreasaPe alrsoloJ ]uns

giuarr:ar1 ap alaq.ra^pv \i

,,]Pa o1" rnlnqra^ P

Pzeq aP Pu.uol

,(ep {lana uoou lE q)unl lPa I

'(,,ot" plpj ;nnrlrur;ur) pzeq ap euuro; a$aso;o] lolaqJa^ealeluoleur ru1uad n;duurs ;nluazard EuJo, E nJluad

nldhllS INIZ:IUd

8

'{ep {.rana udz le q)unlltleqs/eH

,(aqt/eM/no1/l

#

79 1 giua,rra4 ap aqra^pv 6 L areolr^aluaur uJAa nrluad ]uaza-td t nnu luol luJzard

:ts tzan

'alprpnapp nalaur unr)nl ar;fsap e nrluad !( teladarpotu u! g;druglul as arpl unrf nl ardsap rqJon E nrtuad

'a;drurs rrieurrrte alel e nrluad ]!solo, alsa n;durrs lnluaza.rd.:"f,

5

unldurls luazordLO

Page 7: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

TERMINATIlLE,,-S" 51,,-ES"La unele verbe se adaugd,,-es" pentru ,,he", ,,she" 9i ,,it",

I go to bed.

He to bed.Se adau

lfinish work.

He finishes work./Seadaugd, -/

,,-es" la verbeleterminate in ,,-sh".

lwatch TV.

She watches TV.I

Se adaugit -/,,-es" la verbele

terminate in ,,-ch".,,-es" la verbele

terminate in ,,-o"

I cross the road.

the road. She fixes cars.I

Se adaugi -./,,-es" la verbele

terminate in ,,-x".

Shese aaauga -/

,,-es" la verbeleterminate in ,,-ss".

ALTE EXEMPLE

Tom does the dishes every evening.

She teaches English to six students. . . .aaaHe blushes when he's embarrassed.

Nu trebuie si adaugi verbul auxiliar,,do" cAnd formeziprezentul simplu. Acesta este folosit doar pentru a formapropozilii interogative sau negative.

-=-C prezentul simplu este folosit cu,,he",

. -: t'' sau numele unei persoane,

= -- inatia este intotdeauna ,,-s" sau ,,-es".

Se adaugi un ,,-s"

la forma de baze,,start"

He starti work at 11am. O

He start work at llam. 8,,Start" fdri un ,,-s" este folositdoar pentru ,,1" , ,,you" ,,,we" 5i ,,they"

I eat lunch at noon every day. O

I do eat lunch at noon every day. E,,Do" este folosit ca verb auxiliar doar cindse formeazi propozilii negative sau interogative

Their phones buzzall day,

His phonebuzzes all day.I

Seadauga --/,, es" la verbele

terminate in ,,-2"

He washes the windows on Fridays.

9

1.2

GRESELI DES INTALNITE FORMARE A PREZENTULUI SIMPLU

Page 8: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

'plo sJEe^ uenas s,Aqng'p;o s.rea{ Z6 sr Prupue.r8 {61

'u"fueuv s,eHillla

'stuapnls a.re {aq1

'uo/vl JoJ alEl ar,a^nl aselluof awtolls J

altsolol u lod

irol)op E ruP I

ltdt^txl tIlV

YZVTTAUOT rS Wn)

',;r' 16 pqs'gdnp ri

(( ,,

(( ,,

',y'aql" 16,,aM'qdnp ;iPZea[uJn,,"rv"

\

Jaql E aJe n'plo srEa^ sz P I

ii

'n;dr.urs ;nluezard e; p1e;n8atau

pturo1 nl 'lueuoduur qJe^ un a1sa,,ag"

nldhlls lNlzlud v'l ,,19"

il/eqs/aH

0t

T

I

ilt[

Page 9: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

,,HAVE" LA PREZENT SIMPLU CUM SE FORMEAZA

- e,,'e" este un verb neregulat. Forma de persoana. .'e a singular este ,,has", nu ,,haves".

$ ffiw# a garage.

,,Has" este folosit pentrupersoana a treia singular:

z- ,,he",,,she" gi ,,it",

I

u

We

Theyagarage.

The cat has a new collar.

He has a cold.

a painful back. driving

the same dress. Jaek Etas a bad headache.

Sarah has coffee withTom every Tuesday.

Page 10: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

l,usl oH

lou s,oH

']lelolur alsa "1,uurP l"\\

reqf,Pal E lou ru,l

ltdwlxl lltv

nrrnl riela)e

PULUeasul Pelsafv',,lou" r( lnqra^ nEs

lnqra^ r( ln]larqns- unlal Pnop ulaselluol u lod

,,lou arP" lS ,,tou sl" 'JOlloP E lou eJE no^]SVUINO) ]NIIV9]N lWUOJ

YZVTT UOT rS Nnf

)opoPElou E l'reuJEJP ruP I

',,]ou" rnl ParPSnepe alsapiuaralrp Pin8u rS a^rlP8eu

t( anrleuurr;e a;rrirzodord u1

pLuro; rieaa:e are,,aq" lnqlan

,,18"'lnguln n) :lAlIVg:lN llilZOdOUd

5t aq.ra^ ap rndrl g arelnlrderar- atuazard rndul 1 ndru sluazarS

:ri rzal

',,]ou saop" nes /,]ou op" Jptltxnp lnqla^ aiiasolo, as

aqla^ a]lE nlluad ',,]ou" pSnppe as qla^ gdnp 'n;dLurs

]uazard el ,aq" nl a^rlp8au ilirzodotd tnJlsuol p njluad

PAtlESouEurroJ nlduls luozold

ZL

eJE eMs! eqs

ru" I

ZO

Page 11: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

PROPOZTTil NEGATIVE CU ALTE VERBE LA PREZENT SIMPLU

Pentru alte verbedecdt ,,be", se puneinaintea verbului ,,donot" sau ,,does not"oentru a obtineforma negativd. I

I work outside.

do not work outside.

f\hlil

He works inside.

He does not work inside.

FIffi*\\ Verb la forma

de bazi

CUM SE FORMEAZA

- Forma de bazi este folositiindiferent care este subiectul

ALTE EXEMPLE

a

we don't start work at 8am. fi$.k?

Hedo "1"::"r.""

EPtrase pentru ,,does not".

tY You do not have a computer.

tI I He does not live in Los Angeles.

TA

l/You /We/ They

He/She/lt

,t': .l principal (predicativ) dintr-o:,:::,czitie negativd rdmine mereu He dOeS nOt WOfk OUtSide. Oa -----ra de bazi, chiar daci subiectul&-n= ,:e , ,,she" sau ,,it". He dOeS nOt WOfkS OUtSide. a

2.3

-l

GRE$ELr DES INTALNTTE FORMARE A PROPOZITIILOR NEGATIVE

Page 12: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

Wi2{pueu; {aqr a'rv €,t{\fa

ee^Pet or eup t! s! $# erslt eqr uo I urv

#$ee^ ereLlMI asrqrsep uq t _/+{Jzreqlorq rno^ aq sldeurll uo I r,uv

ildwlxr lltveurol e nrluad rnlnqJal PalureuJ

anr1e3ola1u1 alurAnr alrsoloJ U ]od

YZVTT UOT rS r/{nf

rarirzodord 1n1nda:u1 e1

'qran gdnp aund as 1n1:arqn5 L.u as Inqra^'arpqarluJ o-rlul

auP!pEuP)

'uu!PEUP) J'rnlnqra^ ealu J P

'rnlnqiaA E r( rnlnlfarqnsPaurplo PzPasraAUr as

",aq"

Pursolo; nldurs

]uazard Pl a^rlPSo]alu r

ilirzodord PLU.loJ P n.rluad Inllarqns'arieurrle o-r1u I

nldWIS INlZlUd V'l ,,18" n) lnlIVgOU:IINI IlilZOdOUd

Aaqt/eM/noA

lrleqs/aq

9€ as qlsap .rpqarlu gg a,r1e8ora1u a1u ,rn1

79 nn,l 1e3ora1u Ea.lpu.r.roj 1ndusluazar;:rs lzan

'rnlnllarqns EalureuJ ]eSnppp atnqal],,saop" nps ,,op" lptltxnp

InqraA 'aqra^ a]lelalar nrluad 'rnln]rarqns e 16 rnlnqraA erirzodpuESJaAUr auriqo as ,,oq" nl nldurs rnlnluazaJd p p^tleSolalut eu-|ol

p^lleSololu I EurroJ n ld u !s luazold

VL

rh

I

t0

Page 13: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

PROPOZITil INTEROGATIVE CU ,,DO" $l ,,DOES"

Pentru propoziliiinterogative cu alte you work in an office.verbe decAt,,be",

She works in a school.

she kinaschool?I\ Verbul principal este

la forma de bazi.cu ,,1" , ,,you" ,,,we" 9i ,,they" la intrebirile cu

,,he", ,,she" gi ,,it"

:UM SE FORMEAZA

l/you/we/they

he/she/it

Verbul nu primeSte niciodati un ,,-s"sau un ,,-es" cind pui o intrebare

Does Tom get up at 6am?

When does the party start?Pot fi folosite cuvinte interogative'inainte de ,,do" sau ,,does" pentrua forma intrebari deschise

, -,: -:: - ciodatd,,-s" sau ,,-es" la forma de bazd a verbului cdnd pui

.:.-= :hlar ;i la persoana a treia singular (,,he", ,,she" sau ,,it").

I ::s he finish work on time? Q Does he finishes work on time? $\ ,.,, adiuga,,s" sau ,,es" la verbul

la forma de bazi in intrebiri. principal cAnd pui o intrebare

1

II

Adauga,does" ---/

GREgELI DES INTALNITE FORMARE A INTEROGATIVULUI LA PREZENT SIMPLU

'qmflr

Page 14: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

'seuoqd reqt uo turl;e1a.re {aql

'luel,uotu eql lE tugxe;e.r s,aq5'saqsrp eql turrlsem sr aH

'top eql tur>;;urvr ere e A

ltdWlxl lltv

tugrearvr

YZVTT UOT rS Wnf

luatt.toLlJ lsare u191du-rg1u1 as a:arlfsac nnurluo) lnluazatd alsa ,rO

\ /-

,,aq" lnqra^ al6asolo;nnurluo) lnluazard

POI mq 'suPe[ sJPre^A {;;ensn elln I'pleladar aglenlls o n"r"uni;l"o /

au:sa6 'n;durs ;nluazard alsa Elsa)V

'P^rlPrnp'PlPnirE

aunri:e o ar.r)sap e nrluad

]rsoloJ alsa nnurluof lnluazard

nnNlINO) INIZ:IUd

[S !]dLrLled rS a,rrt u tu

0S arels ap i aunrire ap eqren 1 n dr-u s luazar;:rs lzan

'luazard nrdr:rped Lrn rs ,,aq" nl ]pr,lr.ro,t alsl'luazald lnluaurour ul aJplnJep u1 runri:e ardsap

rqJon p nrluad ]rsolol alsa nnurluol InluazoJd ,I T

i,nnultuof luazordv0

,,9N1-" + gul^

L'n

Page 15: English for Everyone. Engleza pentru toti. Ghid de gramatica

REGULI DE ORTOGRAFIERE PENTRU PARTICIPIUL PREZENT

:at cipiul prezent este format prin addugarea lui ,,-ing" la forma de bazd

' verbului. Unele participii au reguli de ortografiere uSor diferite.

Ultima literaeste,,-e".

\tchoose

Ultimele llteresunt,,-ie".

Ultimele litere sunt consoani-vocali-consoana, iar silaba finala este accentuata

,{

sfu*pwear

wearingI

Adaugi,,-ing" penru -/a forma participii

prezente regulate

choosingl

Elimint,,,e,,-ul. -/ Schimbi,-ie" in ,y''.

\tie

g)

shoppingDubleazi ultina -/

literi, dacd nu este

,,vl', ,,x" sau ;/'.

ALTE EXEMPLE

Nu dubla ultima litere Pentruci silaba finali nu este accentuata.

They're opening a store next week.

Harry is always lying to his mother.

I am cutting some aPPles.

My uncle is writing a novel.

: Terry is mopping the floor.

My mother is baking us a cake.

=':ele de actiune pot fi folosite in forme simple gi continue.

=-:ele de stare nu sunt de obicei folosite la forma continud

#ffi I *, ffi?,;Hfi":"rs 8

GRESELI DES INTALNITE VERBE DE STARE LA TIMPURI CONTINUE