english-chinese petrochemical engineering illustrated vocabularies

8/13/2019 English-chinese Petrochemical Engineering Illustrated Vocabularies

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ENGLISH-CHINESE PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

ILLUSTRATED VOCABULARIES


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Contents

1. Process Equipment ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Column ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.1. Plate Column and Packed Column 1

1.1.1.1. Liquid Flow Patterns 2

1.1.1.2. Bubble Cap Trays 3

1.1.1.3. Valve Trays 4

1.1.1.4. Sieve Trays 6

1.1.1.5. Dual Flow Trays and Jet Trays 7

1.1.1.6. Supports of Tray 8

1.1.1.7. Bottom Structures and Reboilers 9

1.1.1.8. Feed and Draw Off 10

1.1.1.9. Packings 12

1.1.1.10. Liquid Distributors, Redistributors and Support Plates 13

1.1.1.11. Tower Attachments 14

1.1.1.12. Stair and Platform 15

1.1.2. CO2 CO2 Absorber 16

1.1.3. /CO2 Regenerator / CO2Stripper 17

1.1.4. Prill Tower 18

1.1.4.1. General Assembly and Prill-Spray Assembly 18

1.1.4.2. Prill tower Reclaimer 201.2. Reactor ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22

1.2.1. Ammonia Converter 22

1.2.2. Polymerizer 24

1.2.3. Cell 26


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1.2.3.1. Diaphragm Cells 26

1.2.3.2. Mercury Cells 27

1.3. Storage Tanks............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ .................. 28

1.3.1. Floating Roof Tanks 30

1.3.1.1. Floating Roof Types 32

1.3.1.2. Seal Types of Floating Roof Tank 34

1.3.2. Covered Floating Roof Tanks 35

1.3.3. Refrigerated Storage Tanks 36

1.4. Evaporators .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

1.5. Heat Exchangers ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................... .................. 38

1.5.1. Nomenclature of Heat Exchanger 40

1.5.1.1. Components of Heat Exchanger 40

1.5.1.2. Types of Stationary Head, Shell and Rear End Head 42

1.5.1.3. Tubesheets 43

1.5.1.4. Tube-Tube Sheet Joints, Expansion Join ts and Other Parts 44

1.5.1.5. Transverse Baffles and Longitudinal Baffles 46

1.5.2. Double-Pipc Heat Exchanger and Scraped-Surface Exchanger 47

1.5.3. Double Pipe Longitudinal Finned Exchanger 48

1.5.4. Plate-Type Exchangers 49

1.5.5. Steam Surface Condensers 50

1.5.6. Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers 51

1.5.6.1.

Bay Arrangements of Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger 521.5.6.2. Typical Construction of Tube Bundles and Headers 53

1.5.6.3. Drive Arrangements for Air Cooler 54

1.5.6.4. Fins 55

1.5.6.5. Temperature Control of Air Cooler 56


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1.5.7. 1 Cooling Towers() 57

2 Cooling Towers() 58

1.6. Furnace ................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ ................................. 60

1.6.1. Pipe Heater 60

1.6.1.1. Types of pipe Heaters (pipe Still Heater) 60

1.6.1.2. Heaters 62

1.1.6.3. Burners 63

1.1.6.4. Tube, Headers and Return Bends 64

1.1.6.5. Tube Supports 65

1.6.2. Reformers (Reforming Furnaces) 66

1.6.3. Secondary Reformer 67

1.6.4. Shift Converter 68

1.6.5. Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Boiler 69

1.6.5.1. Heat Recovery 69

1.6.5.2. CO CO Firing Waste Heat Boiler 70

1.6.5.3. Primary Waste Heat Boiler 71

1.6.5.4. Secondary Waste Heat Boiler 72

1.6.6. Flare Stacks 73

1.7. Mixing Equipment ............................................................................................ .............................................................................................................. 74

1.7.1. 1 Types of Agitator() 74

2 Types of Agitator() 76

1.7.2.

Mixing Tanks 771.7.3. Line Mixers (Flow Mixers) 78

1.7.4. Static Mixers 79

1.7.5. Paste and Viscous-Material Mixing Equipments 80

1.7.6. Solids Mixing Machines 82


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1.7.7. Double Screw Continuous Mixer 83

1.8. Extractors ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ .................. 84

1.8.1. Continuous Contact (Differential Contact) Equipments 84

1.8.2. Leaching Equipments 86

1.9. Cyclone, Decanter, Filter and Centrifuger ............................................................................................ ......................... 87

1.9.1. 1 Cyclone Separators () 87

2 Cyclone Separators () 88

1.9.2. Gas Scrubbers 90

1.9.3. Gravity Settlers (Decanters) 92

1.9.4. Filter 93

1.9.4.1 Pressure Filters 93

1.9.4.2 Pressure Leaf Filters 94

1.9.4.3 Bag Filters 95

1.9.4.4 Rotary-Drum Vacuum Filter 96

1.9.5. Centrifugal Separator 97

1.9.5.1. Double-Bowl Vacuum Centrifuge 97

1.9.5.2. Centrifuges 98

1.9.5.3. Stationary Vane Type Centrifugal Separators 100

1.10. Dryers ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................... .............................. 101

1.10.1. Indirect Dryers 101

1.10.2. Direct Dryers 102

1.10.3.

Spray Dryers 1041.10.3.1. Spray Nozzles (Atomizers) 105

1.10.4. () Pneumatic Conveyor Dryers 106

1.11. Miscellaneous ............................................................................ .......................................................................................................... ............................... 107

1.11.1. Fluidization Processes in Petroleum Refinery 107


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12.1.3. Level Controllers and Switches 279

12.2. Pressure Instruments .................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 280

12.2.1. Manometers 282

12.2.2. New Developments in Pressure Measurements 283

12.2.3. Installation of Pressure Guage 284

12.3. Flow Measuring Element ................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... 285

12.3.1. Inferential Meters (Fluid Velocity Meter) 285

12.3.1.1. Turbine Meter 285

12.3.1.2. Vortex flow meter 286

12.3.1.3. Vortex Flow meter Measurement System 287

12.3.2. Primary Flow Elements 288

12.3.3. Positive Displacement Type Flow Meters 290

12.3.4. () Variable Area Type Flow Meters 292

12.3.5. Installation of Head Meters 294

12.3.6. Area Meters and metering pumps 29612.3.7. (1) Other Flow Meters() 297

(2) Other Flow Meters() .............................................................................. ....................................................................................................... 298

12.4. Thermometer .......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ ................ 299

12.4.1. Thermocouple 299

12.4.2. Liquid Expansion and Bimetallic Thermometer 300

12.4.3. Resistance Thermometer and Thermistor 302

12.4.4. Filled System Thermometer 303

12.4.5. Radiation Pyrometer 304

12.4.6. Optical Pyrometer 305

12.4.7. Electritic Indicating Controller 306

12.4.8. Pneumatic Indicating Controller 307


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13.1.8. Slots and Windings 364

13.2. Transformer ....................................................................................... ................................................................................................................. ................ 365

13.2.1. Oil Immersed Transformer Front View 365

13.2.2. Oil Immersed Transformer Side View 366

13.2.3. Oil Immersed Transformer Exterior 367

13.3. Rectifier and Battery ...................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 368

13.3.1. Rectifier 368

13.3.2. (1) Primary Batteries() 369

(2) Primary Batteries() 370

13.4. High Voltage Switchgear .................................................................................................. ....................................................................................... 372

13.4.1. Metal-Enclosed Switchgear 372

13.4.2. Metal-Clad High-Voltage Cubicle 373

13.4.3. SF6Circuit-Breaker 374

13.4.4. T T-Breaker 376

13.4.5. Motor Drive 37713.5. Low-Voltage Switches ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 378

13.5.1. Currentt-Limiting Air-Break Circuit-Breaker 378

13.5.2. Moulded Case Circuit-Breaker 379

13.5.3. Control Switches 380

13.5.3.1. Pushbutton Switches 382

13.5.3.2. Cam Switches 384

13.6. Electromagnetic Apparatus ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... 386

13.6.1. Electromagnetic Mechanism and Devices 386

13.6.2. Electromagnetic Relays 388

13.6.3. Voltage Regulating Relay 390

13.7. Electrical Explosion-proof ................................................................................. .............................................................................................................. 391


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13.7.1. Power and Lighting Installation in Hazardous Location 391

13.7.2. Explosion-proof Apparatus 392

13.8. Power Supply System ......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ 394

13.8.1. Thermal Power Plant 394

13.8.1.1. Energy Saving Power plant 396

13.8.2. Indoor Installations of Electric Substation 398

13.8.3. Towers and Poles 399

13.8.4. Electrostatic Precipitator 400

13.9. Interior Wiring ............................................................................ ............................................................................................................ ................................. 401

13.9.1. Cables 401

13.9.2. Fuses 404

13.9.3. Connectors and Terminals 406

13.9.4. Lamps 407

13.9.5. Electroheating Devices 408

14. Construction Equipment and Tool ....................................................................................... ......................................................................................... 40914.1. Hoisting Machinery ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................... ......... 409

14.1.1. Derricks 409

14.1.2. Erecting Cranes 410

14.1.3. Hoisting Devices 412

14.1.4. (1) Cranes() 413

(2) Cranes() .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 414

(3) Cranes() .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 415

14.1.5. Chain Hoists and Jacks 416

14.1.6. Hemp Ropes, Cable Wires, Knots and Sling Chains 418

14.1.7. Lifting Attachments for Crane Use 420

14.1.8. Fork-Truck Attachments 421


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Reference 539

General Alphabetical Index 542


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1. Process Equipment

1.1. Column

1.1.1. Plate Column and Packed Column1. Plate column (tray column) 2. davit

3. vapour outlet 4. demister 5. vent 6. reflux inlet 7. tray 8. manhole 9. support ring 10. reboiler return 11. thermometer connection 12. vortex (vortex breaker, anti ca vita tion baffle) 13. skirt vent 14. skirt

15. access hole 16. base ring 17. ladder 18. liquid outlet 19. level gauge connection 20. pressure gauge connection 21. feed inlet 22. platform 23. down comer (downflow, downspout) 24. packed column 25. gas outlet 26. liquid distributor

27. hold down grid 28. packing 29. packing support plate 30. liquid redistributor 31. handhole 32. gas inlet 33. liquid inlet


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1.1.1.1. Liquid Flow Patterns

1. cross flow

2. reverse flow U

3. radical flow

4. circumferential flow

5. split flow(double pass)

6. cascade

7. double pass cascade

8. four pass

9. inlet downcomer

10. outlet downcomer

11. baffle

12. side downcomer

13. center downcomer

14. intermediate weir

15. inlet weir

16. outlet weir

17. recessed seal pan

18. tray

19. straight downcomer

20. tapered downcomer

21. circular downcomer


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1.1.1.2. Bubble Cap Trays

1. circular cap tray

2. bubble cap (bell cap)

3. riser (vapor riser, upcomer, chimney)

4. slot

5. down comer

6. tunnel cap (rectangular cap)

7. uniflux tray S

8. Smember S

9. flat bubble cap

10. vaned bubble cap

11. open slot

12. closed slot

13. set on riser

14. swaged riser

15. pull up riser

16. bolt or stud hold down cap

17. wedge hold down cap

18. quarter turn cap


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1.1.1.3. Valve Trays


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1. Nutter float valve tray

2. deck(floor)

3. P(plain) type Nutter float valve

P

4. D (dimpled) type Nutter float valve D

5. L (louvered) type Nutter float valve L

6. DL (dimpled and louvered) type Nutter

float valve DL

7. F (full cover) type Nutter float valve

F

8. Chepos valve tray

9. Glitsch ballast valve tray

10. Downcomer

11~18. float valve

11 V-1 12 V-2

13 V-3 14 V-4

15 V-6 16 V-0

17 A-1 18 A-2

19. K2a slat valve-sieve tray K2a

20. K2a slat valve K2a

21. T type flexitray (fle xible tray) T

22. A type flexitray (fle xible tray) A

23. cross flow valve tray

24. pipe valve tray

25. pipe support

26. pipe valve

27. H y contact valve

28. Float valve sieve tray

29. Glitsch combined valve and sieve tray

30. overflow weir

31. hole

32. Turbo float tray (TFT)

33. cross element

34. seal damper

35. tray element

36. stopper

37. support bar

38. seal pan

39. gird valve tray

40. Speichim float valve


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1.1.1.4. Sieve Trays

1. sieve tray (perforated tray)

2. hole

3. sieve (perforated) tray with downcomer

4. downcomer

5. Turbogrid with downcomer

()

6. Linde sieve tray

7. directional slot

8. Hagbarth tray

9. sieve plate

10. cap

11. West tray 12. tunnel cap

13. modified sieve type tray

14. expanded metal

15. subsupport angle ring

16. weir

17. major beam

18. minor beam

19. minor beam support clamp

20. support ring 21. manway

22. M D (multipe downcomer) sieve tray


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1.1.1.5. Dual Flow Trays and Jet Trays

1. Turbogrid tray

2. ripple tray 3. arrangement of float valve and hole

4. slotted tray

5. K1type slat valve K1

6. dual flow float valve

7. jet tray

8. tab

9. directional float tray

10. Perform tray

11. stream breaker

12. inlet weir

13. downcomer

14. seal pan

15. expanded metal

16. Venturi tray 17. standard Kittel plate

18. lower plate

19. upper plate

20. cascade tray


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1.1.1.6. Supports of Tray

1. package tray

2. handhole

3. cartridge tray

4. spacer

5. rod 6. packing

7. downcomer

8. tower wall

9. separated tray

10. manway cover plate

11. weep hole

12. weir

13. tray floor

14. bubble cap

15. support ring 16. support beam

17. downcomer bar

18. screw

19. washer

20. clip

21. gasket

22. overlap type

23. flanged type

24. beam support type

25. angle truss (minor beam) 26. trapezoidal truss (minor beam)

27. channel truss (minor beam)

28. backing strip

29. irregular gasket


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1.1.1.7. Bottom Structures and Reboilers

1. downcomer

2. bottom tray

3. target

4. reboiler return

5. seal pan

6. weep hole

7. baffle

8. splash deck

9. manhole

10. vortex breaker (anti-cavitation baffle)

11. bottoms

12. reboiler feed

13. level controller

14. reboiler feed and bottoms


16. side downcomer

17. splash plate

18. horizontal thermo-syphon reboiler

19. heat carrier

20. once pass reboiler

21. forced circulation reboiler

22. pump 23. jacketed kettle

24. kettle-type reboiler

25. internal reboiler

26. vertical therm o-syphon reboiler


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1.1.1.8. Feed and Draw Off


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1. inlet feed

2. inlet weir

3. inlet baffle

4. top tray

5. outlet weir

6. reflux inlet

7. internal piping

8. downcomer

9. side downcomer


11. feed trough

12. feed area

13. distribution baffle

14. bottom vapor baffle

15. vapor inlet baffle

16. vapor inlet

17. bottom tray

18. seal pan (recessed pan)

19. intermediate feed

20. feed tray

21. insulation plate

22. guard

23. channal baffle

24. total trap-out

25. total draw chimney tray

26. liquid draw nozzle

27. total draw-off

28. draw tray

29. chimney

30. spill baffle

31. draw pan ()

32. draw nozzle

33. partial draw-off

34. return nozzle

35. partition

36. partial draw-off nozzle

37. water draw-off

38. weld-in draw pan

39. perforated plate

40. water draw-off nozzle


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1.1.1.9. Packings

1 tacking

2 dumping

3Raschig ring

4Lessing ring

5cross-partition ring

6single spiral ring

7double spiral ring

8triple spiral ring

9 pall ring

10Berl saddle

11Intalox saddle

12Cannon packing

13Dixon packing

14single turn helix packing

15McMahon packing

16Spraypak

17Teller rosette (Tellerette)

18Goodloe packing

19wire mesh packing

20Interpack

21grid tile (drip -point grid)

22 wood grid


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1.1.1.10. Liquid Distributors, Redistributors and Support Plates

1 perforated pipe distributor

2weir-riser distributor

3trough-type distributor

4bell-cap redistributor

5wiper redistributor

6straight side wiper

7cone side wiper

8 pyramid support and redistributor

9weir-type redistributror

10cap type support plate (separate flowtype support plate, gas injection typesupport plate)

11gas riser

12liquid downflow 13bar-grid support

14perforated support place

15beam type gas injection support plate

16Hold-down plate


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1.1.1.11. Tower Attachments

1. davit

2. platform

3. top platform

4. hand rail

5. manhole

6. taper pin

7. jack bolt

8. sleeve

9. support ring

10. ladder

11. cage

12. rung

13. base ring

14. Washer

15. lock nut

16. anchor bolt

17. nut

18. manhole cover

19. hinge bolt 20. gasket

21. support


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1.1.1.12. Stair and Platform

1. structure

2. stair

3. stair landing

4. top rail (handrail)

5. mid rail 6. post (handrail post)

7. platform

8. ladder

9. rung

10. cage hoop

11. vessel wall

12. lug

13. brace angle

14. rivet

15. gusset plate 16. flooring

17. platform elevation

18. riser

19. tread width

20. toe plate

21. winding staircase

22. newel

23. safety gate

24. grating

25. safety chain 26. snap

27. checkered plate (checkered sheet)


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1.1.2. CO2 CO2 Absorber1. elliptical head

2. I.D. (inside diameter)

3. demister pad

4. sparger

5. liquid distributor

6. hold down grate

7. packing 8. bed

#1

9. packing support-gas injection

plate and liquid redistributor

10. bed# 2

11. bed# 3

12. bed# 4

13. Max. liquid level

14. vortex breaker

15. anchor B. C. (bolt circle)

16. vapor out

17. manhole

18. unloading connection

19. vapor sample

20. liquid out

21. access opening

22. anchor bolt

23. vent pipe

24. liquid in


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1.1.3. /CO2 Regenerator / CO2Stripper

1vupture dist

2vapor outlet

31iquid in

4demisting pad

5distribution trough

61iquid distributor#

1 1 7hold down grate

8 packing

9gas injection plate

andor liquid redistributor

10stiffening ring

11draw off pan

12liquid drain

13liquid out

14antis wirl baffle

15skirt

16vent pipe

17reboiler return ()

18unloading catalyst

19vapor sample connection

20liquid vapor in

21liquid overflow


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1.1.4. Prill Tower

1.1.4.1. General Assembly and Prill-Spray Assembly


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1. prill tower general assembly

2. prill spray assembly

3. reclaimer

4. concrete tower body

5. oil sealed ring

6. outer safety ring

7. Oring O 8. chain

9. plug

10. key

11. ring ()

12. bolt

13. stud end

14. washer

15. nut

16. screw

17. gasket

18. motor reducer variator

19. external shaft

20. bearing

21. cover 22. ring

23. distance box

24. cover

25. gasket

26. prill bucket

27. tooth

28. cover

29. support prill bucket

30. air breather

31. gland

32. turn tube

33. flange

34. clamping bolt

35. pin 36. charging funnel

37. level indication pipe

38. column

39. handwheel

40. lifting yoke


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1.1.4.2. Prill tower Reclaimer


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1. pinion

2. ball race slewing rim single row

3. foundation frame

4. compressed air connection

5. drive unit support

6. support of speed controller

7. lubrication for pinion and self aligning roller

bearing

8. support of drive shaft

9. clearance

10. maxlength of reclaimer

11. center part

12. outside inner frame

13. lubrication for 2 pinions 2

14. lubrication system of ball race slewing rim

15. lubrication for 2 selfaligning roller

bearing 2

16. reclaimer arm

17. motor

18. turbo coupling with flexible cam

19. gearing

20. coupling

21. axis of opening

22. maxheight of arm


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1.2. Reactor

1.2.1. Ammonia Converter


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1. face of flangeexternal vessel 2. shell metal temperature instrument block

3. interchanger support surface

4. basket and interchanger support

5. anti-rotation clip

6. hemispberical head external vessel

7. bypass ring

8. top of bed1

1

9. IDbasket shell 10. IDexternal vessel shell

11. inspection opening

12. drop out rod ()

13. screen1

1

14. grid

15. quench ring1

1

16. distributor platel

1

17. top of bed2

2

18. catalyst dropout pipe

19. baffle

2

2 20. top of bed

3

3

21. center of gravity

22. top of bed4

4

23. alumina tabular balls

24. gas return collector

25. hemispherical bottom head external vessel

26. sectional elevation view

27. elliptical bottom basket head

28. thermowell and leader

29. basket thermal barrier

30. external vessel

31. basket 32. toriconical top basket head

33. basket support surface

34. interchanger

35. expansion joint

36. gas outlet

37. by pass

38. catalyst dropout

39. gas inlet

40. manhole

41. quench gas inlet 42. by pass pipe and sleeve

43. quench pipe and leader

44. basket top head

45. basket top head manhole

46. external vessel head

47. flexible hose assembly

48. S.R. (short radius) elbow

49. by pass sleeve

50. basket top head

51. by pass pipe support 52. details of skirt and base

53. skirt access opening

54. diameter of bolt circle ()

55. chamfer bottom 6back to 6

blend with base ring

56. bottom of base ring

57. manway for catalyst removal

58. skirt

59. skirt vent

60. shell


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1.2.2. Polymerizer


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1. vessel

2. washer

3. anchor bolt

4. nut

5. lock nut

6. manhole cover

7. hinge bolt

8. support

9. taper pin

10. jack bolt

11. gasket

12. baffle

13. motor

14. torque convertor

15. reduction gear

16. coupling

17. key

18. agitator

19. jacket

20. nozzle connection

21. inspection ()


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1.2.3. Cell1.2.3.1. Diaphragm Cells

1. chlorine gas outlet

2. brine inlet

3. sight glass

4. caustic outlet

5. brine feed line 6. graphite anodes

7. anode conductor

8. insulator

9. concrete bottom

10. asbestos covered cathode

11. concrete top

12. hydrogen outlet

13. brine feed assembly 14. cell base

15. cell liquor cup

16. anode grid lugs

17. copper grid bar

18. anolyte manometer

19. cathode assembly

20. cell head

21. carbon electrodes 22. cathode screens


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1.2.3.2. Mercury Cells

1. electrolyzer 2. anode 3. cathode contact 4. flexible anode connection 5. switch 6. decomposer 7. graphite grid 8. graphite packing 9. mercury pump 10. brine

11. mercury

12. flexible seal 13. amalgam 14. pump 15. Cl2& brine 16. H2& NaOH


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1.3. Storage Tanks


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1. cone roof tank(supported roof) ()2. cone roof tank(supported roof) ()

3. dome roof tank(self-supported roof)

4. litter roof tank(expansion roof tank)

5. weather skirt

6. liquid seal trough

7. dip skirt

8. covered floating roof tank

9. roof deck ()

10. floating roof tank

11. pontoon

12. noded Hortonspheroid (spheroid)

13. center support

14. tie

15. truss

16. stairway

17. bracket(girder)

18. telescopic gas holder(fluid seal gas holder)

19. stationary gas holder(dry seal gas holder)

20. spherical tank

21. lightning rod

22. relief valve

23. platform 24. top crown

25. north(upper) temperate zone plate

26. equator zone plate

27. south(lower) temperate zone plate 28. bottom crown

29. tie red

30. base plate

31. support

32. plain spheroid

33. conservation vent

34. flame arrester

35. sheave

36. winch

37. sump

38. cable

39. swing line

40. antifreeze valve

41. ladder

42. free vent

43. float

44. shell nozzle

45. gage hatch

46. roof manhole

47. foam connection

48. indicator

49. tank gauge 50. bracket

51. shell manhole

52. drain


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1.3.1. Floating Roof Tanks


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1. wind girder 2. stiffen ring

3. foam dam

4. pontoon

5. roof support

6. rolling ladder

7. rolling ladder runway

8. roof drain ()

9. foam maker

10. horizontal projection

11. shell manhole

12. mixer nozzle

13. drain

14. level indicator

15. emergency drain

16. automatic bleeder vent

17. gage hatch

18. bottom plate

19. roof drain sump

20. flexible hose

21. drain nozzle

22. roof drain nozzle

23. roof deck 24. roof compartement

25. bulkhead

26. pontoon manhole

27. oil outlet nozzle 28. roof manhole

29. oil inlet nozzle

30. heater (coil) ()

31. platform

32. handrail

33. spiral stairway (staircase)

34. weather shield

35. seal

36. guide sleeve

37. guide pole

38. manhole with pressure valve

39. railing

40. walkway

41. rim vent

42. rim seal

43. shell (wall)

44. nozzle

45. flange

46. reinforcing pad (reinforcing plate)

47. wire

48. float well

49. float 50. level transmitter

51. box deflector

52. air inlet


54/683

32

1.3.1.1. Floating Roof Types

1. trussed pan-type floating roof

2. seal

3. tank shell

4. gusset plate

5. gage hatch

6. turnbuckle

7. roof support and truss post

8. deck

9. truss rod

10. center truss ring

11. center of roof

12. drain

13. annular pontoon floating roof with single

center deck ()

14. pontoon

15. emergency drain

16. vent

17. roof support


55/683

33

18. center deck

19. low deck type floating roof with center

pontoon

20. emergency siphon

21. center pontoon

22. high deck type floating roof with center

pontoon

23. high deck type floating roof without

center pontoon ()

24. floating roof with converging double deck

25. double deck pontoon

26. floating roof with parallel double deck

27. center weighted pontoon type floating

roof

28. center weight ()


56/683

34

1.3.1.2. Seal Types of Floating Roof Tank

1. mechanical seal (metallic seal)

2. pantagraph hanger

3. sealing ring

4. tank shell

5. weight

6. bottom deck ()

7. bulkhead

8. rim

9. top deck ()

10. continuous seal

11. weather shield

12. sealing plate

13. rubber slab ()

14. spring

15. fabric-reinforced rubber ()

16. hanger

17. sliding steel shoe ()18. pusher

19. soft seal

20. foam seal

21. envelope

22. polyurethane foam

23. tube seal

24. scarf band

25. flexible hose ()

26. seal pipe

27. liquid

28. bumper


57/683

35

1.3.2. Covered Floating Roof Tanks

1. covered floating roof tank

2. gage hatch

3. roof

4. open vent

5. shell vent

6. roof manhole

7. semi-fixed foam injection system

8. nozzle

9. shell manhole

10. tank earth

11. heater

12. deck manhole

13. roof support

14. deck earth

15. overflow

16. aludeck internal floating cover tank

17. bonding wire

18. center column 19. guide wire

20. Z-seal Z

21. nylon rope

22. degasing hole

23. float ()

24. beam

25. spacer

26. deck support

27. peripheral angle


58/683

36

1.3.3. Refrigerated Storage Tanks

1. spherical single-wall tank

2. LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)

3. insulation

4. spherical double-wall tank

5. outer tank

6. inner tank

7. pearlite

8. compression ring ()

9. hanger rod

10. stiffener ring

11. sway rod

12. tie rod

13. support column

14. flat bottomed cylindrical LNG tank

15. outer tank roof

16. anchor bolt

17. floating foundation slab

18. ground level (G.L)

19. suspension deck LNG tank

20. suspension deck

21. heater ()

22. pilling

23. suspension bar 24. glass wool insulation

25. underground storage tank (inground storage tankfrozen earth

reservoir)

26. roof insulation

27. spray line

28. freeze tube

29. pump

30. foot valve

31. membrane (type LNG underground) tank ()

32. membrane ()

33. concrete ring

34. composite shell segment


59/683

37

1.4. Evaporators

12. forced-circulation (F.C.) evaporator

1. submerged tube F.C. evaporator

2. Oslo-type crystallizer

3. horizontal tube evaporator 4. evaporator with rotating brush

5. upward-flow evaporator (climbing-film

evaporator) ()

6. long tube evaporator 7. falling-film evaporator 8. short tube evaporator 9. agitated film evaporator 10. circulation pump

11. heating element 12. flash chamber 13. demixter (demister) 14. circulation tube 15. separator (vapor space) 16. filter

17. feed 18. concentrate 19. central downcomer (central well down

take) 20. filtrate outlet

21. rotating brush 22. steam jacket 23. agitator 24. belt pulley 25. steam inlet 26. condensate outlet


60/683

38

1.5. Heat Exchangers


61/683

39

18. shell and tube heat exchangers 1. fixed tube-sheet exchanger 2. U-tube heat exchanger U 3. internal-floating head exchanger

4. pull-through floating head exchanger

5. outside-packed floating head exchanger 6. packed-lantern-ring exchanger --()

7. kettle-type reboiler

8. bayonet-type exchanger 9. tank suction heater 10. U-tube bundle U 11. tank 12. horizontal film type cooler (cascade drip cooler)

13. cooling water 14. distributing trough 15. coil 16. uniform film 17. water receiver pool 18. double-pipe exchanger (hairpin heat exchanger)

19. tank coil heater 20. spiral coil 21. hairpin U 22. ring header type 23. jacketed type exchanger 24. jacket 25. block heat exchanger ()26. spiral tube exchanger 27. plate type exchanger 28. air cooled heat exchanger

29. submerged-pipe coil exchanger 30. water box


62/683

40

1.5.1.

Nomenclature of Heat Exchanger

1.5.1.1. Components of Heat Exchanger


63/683

41

1. internal-floating-head exchanger 2. outside-packed floating-head exchanger 3. packed-lantern-ring exchanger --()4. kettle-type floating-head reboiler 5. U-tube heat exchanger U 6. fixed-tube-sheet exchanger 7. lifting lug 8. channel cover 9. stationary head flange 10. instrument connection 11. stationary head nozzle 12. pass partition 13. stationary tubesheet 14. shell nozzle 15. impingement baffle 16. tube 17. shell 18. tie rod and spacer

19. transverse baffle 20. support plate 21. floating head backing device 22. vent connection 23. shell cover 24. floating tubesheet

25. floating head cover 26. drain connection 27. floating head flange 28. shell cover flange 29. shell flange-rear head end 30. support saddle 31. shell flange-stationary head end 32. stationary head-channel 33. packing box flange 34. packing 35. packing follower ring 36. floating tubesheet skirt 37. floating head cover-external 38. slip-on backing flange 39. split shear ring 40. lantern ring 41. weir 42. liquid level connection

43. longitudinal baffle 44. expansion joint 45. stationary head-bonnet 46. support bracket 47. shell side 48. tube side


64/683

42

1.5.1.2. Types of Stationary Head, Shell and Rear End Head


65/683

43

1.5.1.3. Tubesheets


66/683

44

1.5.1.4. Tube-Tube Sheet Joints, Expansion Join ts and Other Parts


67/683

45


68/683

46

1.5.1.5. Transverse Baffles and Longitudinal Baffles


69/683

47

1.5.2. Double-Pipc Heat Exchanger and Scraped-Surface Exchanger


70/683

48

1.5.3. Double Pipe Longitudinal Finned Exchanger


71/683

49

1.5.4. Plate-Type Exchangers


72/683

50

1.5.5. Steam Surface Condensers


73/683

51

1.5.6. Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers


74/683

52

1.5.6.1. Bay Arrangements of Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger


75/683

53

1.5.6.2. Typical Construction of Tube Bundles and Headers

1 5 6 3 D i A t f Ai C l


76/683

54

1.5.6.3. Drive Arrangements for Air Cooler


77/683

55

1.5.6.4. Fins


78/683

56

1.5.6.5. Temperature Control of Air Cooler

1 5 7 1 Cooling Towers()


79/683

57

1.5.7. 1 Cooling Towers()

2 Cooling Towers()


80/683

58

2 Cooling Towers()


81/683

59


82/683

60

1.6. Furnace

1.6.1. Pipe Heater

1.6.1.1. Types of pipe Heaters (pipe Still Heater)


83/683

61

1.6.1.2. Heaters


84/683

62


85/683

63

1.1.6.3. Burners

1.1.6.4. Tube, Headers and Return Bends


86/683

64

1.1.6.5. Tube Supports


87/683

65

1.6.2. Reformers (Reforming Furnaces)


88/683

66

1.6.3. Secondary Reformer


89/683

67

1 6 4 Shift Converter


90/683

68

1.6.4. Shift Converter

1.6.5. Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Boiler

1 6 5 1 Heat Recovery


91/683

69

1.6.5.1. Heat Recovery

1.6.5.2. CO CO Firing Waste Heat Boiler


92/683

70

1.6.5.3. Primary Waste Heat Boiler


93/683

71

1.6.5.4. Secondary Waste Heat Boiler


94/683

72

1.6.6. Flare Stacks


95/683

73

1.7. Mixing Equipment


96/683

74

1.7.1. 1 Types of Agitator()


97/683

75

2 Types of Agitator()


98/683

76

1.7.2. Mixing Tanks


99/683

77

1.7.3. Line Mixers (Flow Mixers)


100/683

78

1.7.4. Static Mixers


101/683

79

1.7.5. Paste and Viscous-Material Mixing Equipments


102/683

80


103/683

81

1.7.6. Solids Mixing Machines


104/683

82

1.7.7. Double Screw Continuous Mixer


105/683

83

1.8. Extractors

1.8.1. Continuous Contact (Differential Contact) Equipments


106/683

84


107/683

85

1.8.2. Leaching Equipments


108/683

86

1.9. Cyclone, Decanter, Filter and Centrifuger

1.9.1. 1 Cyclone Separators ()


109/683

87

2 Cyclone Separators ()


110/683

88


111/683

89

1.9.2. Gas Scrubbers


112/683

90


113/683

91

1.9.3. Gravity Settlers (Decanters)


114/683

92

1.9.4. Filter

1.9.4.1 Pressure Filters


115/683

93

1.9.4.2 Pressure Leaf Filters


116/683

94

1.9.4.3 Bag Filters


117/683

95

1.9.4.4 Rotary-Drum Vacuum Filter


118/683

96

1.9.5. Centrifugal Separator

1.9.5.1. Double-Bowl Vacuum Centrifuge


119/683

97

1.9.5.2. Centrifuges


120/683

98


121/683

99

1.9.5.3. Stationary Vane Type Centrifugal Separators


122/683

100

1.10. Dryers

1.10.1. Indirect Dryers


123/683

101

1.10.2. Direct Dryers


124/683

102


125/683

103

1.10.3. Spray Dryers


126/683

104

1.10.3.1. Spray Nozzles (Atomizers)


127/683

105

1.10.4. () Pneumatic Conveyor Dryers


128/683

106

1.11. Miscellaneous

1.11.1. Fluidization Processes in Petroleum Refinery


129/683

107

1.11.1.1. Fluidization


130/683

108

1.11.1.2. Distributors for Fluidized Bed


131/683

109

1.11.2. Demister and Its Applications


132/683

110

1.11.2.1. Installation of Mesh and Fiber Mist Eliminator


133/683

111

1.11.3. Supports and Heads of Equipments


134/683

112

1.11.4. External Thermal Insulation for Vertical Vessel


135/683

113

2. Pump

2.1. (1) Various Types of Pump ()


136/683

114


137/683

115

(2) Various Types of Pump ()


138/683

116



139/683

117



140/683

118

2.2. (1) Centrifugal Pump()


141/683

119

(2) Centrifugal Pump()


142/683

120

(3) Centrifugal Pump()


143/683

121

2.3. Inline Pump


144/683

122

2.4. Duplex Acting Steam-Driven Reciprocating Pump


145/683

123

2.5. Double Action Reciprocating Pump, Bucket Type


146/683

124


147/683

125

2.6. Mixed-Flow Pump


148/683

126

2.7. Metering Pumps


149/683

127

2.8. Jet Pumps


150/683

128

2.9. Ejector Units


151/683

129

2.9.1. Ejector Structures


152/683

130

3. Compressors Blowers and Fans

3.1. Screw Compressors


153/683

131

3.2. Rotary Helical Screw Compressors


154/683

132

3.3. Piston Compressors


155/683

133

3.4. Reciprocating Compressors


156/683

134


157/683

135

3.5. () High Pressure Compressor for Low Density Polyethylene Process


158/683

136


159/683

137

3.5.1. High-Pressure Cylinder and Central Valve


160/683

138


161/683

139

3.5.2. Unloading Valve and Other Valves


162/683

140


163/683

141

3.6. Horizontally Split Centrifugal Compressor


164/683

142


165/683

143

3.7. Blowers


166/683

144


167/683

145

3.8. Fans


168/683

146


169/683

147

3.9. Typical Compressor Installation


170/683

148

4. Conveyor and Elevator

4.1. () Vertical Elevator (Conveyor)

4.1.1. Bucket Elevator


171/683

149

4.1.2. Vertical Rising Conveyor and Case Elevator


172/683

150

4.1.3. Twin Riser


173/683

151

4.2. Band (Belt) Conveyor

4.2.1. Band Conveyor Sketch


174/683

152

4.2.2. Conveyor Systems


175/683

153

4.2.3. Band Conveyor


176/683

154

4.2.4. 600 Take-up Unit for Single Drum Drive Belt Conveyor Exceeding

600 Feet Centres


177/683

155

4.2.5. Take-up Unit for Dual Drum Drive Belt Conveyor


178/683

156

4.2.6. Pre-built Sectional Belt Conveyor and Mobile Belt Conveyor


179/683

157

4.3. Screw Conveyor


180/683

158

4.4. Chain Trolley Conveyor and Vibrating Conveyor


181/683

159

4.4.1. Units of Chain Trolley Conveyor


182/683

160


183/683

161

4.5. Roller Conveyors


184/683

162

4.6. () Types of Idlers


185/683

163

4.6.1. () Construction of Iders


186/683

164


187/683

165

5. Crushing and Screening Equipment

5.1. Jaw crusher


188/683

166


189/683

167

5.2. Impact Jaw Crusher


190/683

168

5.3. Gyrasphere Crusher


191/683

169

5.4. Tray Type Gyratory Crusher


192/683

170


193/683

171

5.5. () Hydraulic Cone Crusher and Impact Crusher (Impeller

Breaker)


194/683

172

5.6. Roller Mill


195/683

173

5.7. Double Shaft Hammer Mill


196/683

174


197/683

175

5.8. Ball Mill


198/683

176

5.9. Dryer-Pulveriser


199/683

177

5.10. Layout of Backmixing Equipment


200/683

178

5.11. Vibrating Screen


201/683

179

5.12. Classifiers


202/683

180

6. Forming Machine For Plastics and Rubber

6.1. Extruder


203/683

181

6.2. Screw Injection Moulding Machine


204/683

182

6.3. Calender Line for PVC Production


205/683

183

6.4. Four-Roll Calender


206/683

184


207/683

7. Feeder, Weighing and Bagging Machine

7.1. Vibrating Feeder


208/683

186


209/683

187

7.2. Electric Vibrating Feeder


210/683

188

7.3. Apron Feeder


211/683

189

7.4. () Smooth Auto-Feeder


212/683

190

7.5. Dosing Belt Weigher


213/683

191

7.6. Constant Feed Weigher


214/683

192

7.7. Automatic Bagging System


215/683

193

8. Steam Turbine

8.1. (1) Classification of Steam Turbines ()


216/683

194


217/683

195

(2) Classification of Steam Turbines ()


218/683

196

8.2. Steam Turbine Cycles


219/683

197

8.3. Methods of Steam Supply to a Turbine


220/683

198

8.4. Single Stage Steam Turbine


221/683

199

8.5. Impulse Turbines


222/683

200


223/683

201


224/683


225/683

203

8.7. Lubrication of Steam Turbine


226/683

204


227/683

205

8.8. Governors and Governing of Steam Turbine


228/683

206


229/683

207

8.9. Turbine Governor


230/683

208


231/683

209

8.10. () Overspeed Tripping Device


232/683

210

8.11. Installation of Steam Turbine


233/683

211

9. Boiler

9.1. Basic Patterns for Fire and Water Tube Boiler


234/683

212

9.2. Ellipsoidal Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger


235/683

213

9.3. Cooling Tubes and Jacket Heat Exchanger


236/683

214

9.4. (1) Steam Purification and Drum Internals ()


237/683

215

(2) Steam Purification and Drum Internals ()


238/683

216


239/683

217



240/683

218



241/683

219

9.5. Superheater


242/683

220

9.6. Attemperators


243/683

221

9.7. Air Preheater


244/683

222


245/683

223

9.8. Grates


246/683

224

9.9. Underfeed Stoker


247/683

225

9.10. Burners


248/683

226


249/683

227

9.11. Economizer


250/683

228

9.12. Spreader Feeders


251/683

229

9.13. Pulverizers


252/683

230

10. Machine Element

10.1. FUniversal Joints


253/683

231

10.2. Couplings


254/683

232


255/683

233

10.3. (1) Fluid Couplings ()


256/683

234

(2) Fluid Couplings ()


257/683

235

10.4. Circumferential Seals


258/683

236

10.5. Face Seals, Shaft Sealings and End Fittings


259/683

237

10.6. Roller Bearings


260/683

238

10.7. Ball Bearings


261/683

239

10.8. Oiling Devices


262/683

240

10.9. Fastener

10.9.1. Bolts and Studs (stud bolts)


263/683

241

10.9.2. Heads and Points of Screw


264/683

242

10.9.3. Nuts


265/683

243

10.9.4. Non-threaded Fasteners


266/683

244

11. () Piping and Fitting

11.1. Valve Stem and Bonnet Designs


267/683

245

11.2. (1) Valves()


268/683

246


269/683

247

(2) Valves()


270/683

248

(3) Valves()


271/683

249

(4) Valves()


272/683

250

11.3. Gate Valve


273/683

251

11.4. Globe Valve


274/683

252

11.5. Ball Valve


275/683

253

11.6. Check Valve


276/683

254

11.7. Spring Safety-Relief Valve


277/683

255

11.8. Pilot Operated Ball Float Valve


278/683

256

11.9. Bellows Sealed Gate Valve


279/683

257

11.10. Thermo Expansion Valve


280/683

258

11.11. Valve Operating Mechanisms


281/683

259

11.12. ()() Steam Traps and Air Traps


282/683

260


283/683

261

11.13. Pipe Line Fitments


284/683

262


285/683

263

11.14. Flanges, Flange Facings and Gaskets


286/683

264


287/683

265

11.15. Packings


288/683

266

11.16. Pipe Fitting

11.16.1. Flanged Fittings


289/683

267

11.16.2. Threaded Fittings


290/683

268

11.16.3. Steel-Welding Fittings


291/683

269

11.17. Plastics Compression Joints


292/683

270

11.18. Fabricated Pipe Bends and Expansion Joints


293/683

271

11.19. Joints in Tubing and Pipe


294/683

272

11.20. Piping Insulation


295/683

273

11.21. Pipe Hangers and Pipe Supports


296/683

274


297/683

275

11.22. Safety Shower and Eyewash Station Hose Station


298/683

276

12. Instrumentation

12.1. () Level Gage

12.1.1.

Locally Mounted Direct Reading Level Gages


299/683

277

12.1.2. Displacement Type Level Gages


300/683

278

12.1.3. Level Controllers and Switches


301/683

279

12.2. Pressure Instruments


302/683

280


303/683

281

12.2.1. Manometers


304/683

282

12.2.2. New Developments in Pressure Measurements


305/683

283

12.2.3. Installation of Pressure Guage


306/683

284

12.3. Flow Measuring Element

12.3.1. Inferential Meters (Fluid Velocity Meter)

12.3.1.1. Turbine Meter


307/683

285

12.3.1.2. Vortex flow meter


308/683

286

12.3.1.3. Vortex Flow meter Measurement System


309/683

287

12.3.2. Primary Flow Elements


310/683

288


311/683

289


312/683


313/683

291

12.3.4. () Variable Area Type Flow Meters


314/683

292


315/683

293

12.3.5. Installation of Head Meters


316/683

294


317/683

295

12.3.6. Area Meters and metering pumps


318/683

296

12.3.7. (1) Other Flow Meters()


319/683

297

(2) Other Flow Meters()


320/683

298

12.4. Thermometer

12.4.1. Thermocouple


321/683

299

12.4.2. Liquid Expansion and Bimetallic Thermometer


322/683

300


323/683

301

12.4.3. Resistance Thermometer and Thermistor


324/683

302

12.4.4. Filled System Thermometer


325/683

303

12.4.5. Radiation Pyrometer


326/683

304

12.4.6. Optical Pyrometer


327/683

305

12.4.7. Electritic Indicating Controller


328/683

306

12.4.8. Pneumatic Indicating Controller


329/683

307

12.4.9. Multi-Point Long Chart Temperature Recorder


330/683

308

12.4.10. Control Station


331/683

309

12.4.11. Charts


332/683

310

12.5. Transmitter

12.5.1. Pressure Transmitter


333/683

311

12.5.2. Differential Pressure Transmitters


334/683

312


335/683

313

12.5.3. Pneumatic Temperature Transmitter


336/683

314

12.5.4. Level Transmitters


337/683

315

12.6. () Controller

12.6.1. Liquid Level Controller


338/683

316

12.6.2. Pneumatic Controller


339/683

317

12.6.3. Bourdon Tube Controller


340/683

318

12.7. Control Valve


341/683

319

12.7.1. Diaphragm and Piston Actuators


342/683

320

12.7.2. Bonnets of Control Valve


343/683

321

12.7.3. (1) Control Valve Bodies ()


344/683

322

(2) Control Valve Bodies ()


345/683

323

324

12.7.4. Valve plugs and Cages


346/683

324

325

12.7.5. () Components Valve Trim


347/683

325

326

12.7.6. Acting and Guiding of Control Valve


348/683

326

327

12.7.7. Positioner of Control Valve


349/683

328

12.7.8. Handjack Assembly of Control Valve


350/683

329

12.7.9. Pneumatic Piston Positioner


351/683

330

12.8. Oxygen Analysis Equipment


352/683

331


353/683

332

12.9. Carbon Dioxide Analyzer


354/683

333

12.10. PH pH meters


355/683

334

12.11. Viscosity Measuring Instruments


356/683

335


357/683

336

12.12. Specific Gravity Instrument


358/683

337

12.13. Speed Measurement and Control


359/683

338

12.14. Instrument Panels

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