GrammarVerb to be

Verbo Ser/EstarAffirmative Negative Interrogative

I am-I'mYou are- You'reHe/ She/It is- He'sWe are-We'reYou are-You'reThey are-They're

I am not-I'm notYou are not-You aren'tHe/She/It is not- He isn'tWe are not-We aren'tYou are not- You aren'tThey are not-They aren’t

Am I...?Are you...?Is he/she/it...?Are we…?Are you…?Are they…?

ExamplesHe is my sister’s best

friend.Él es el mejor amigo de mi

hermana

We are not hanging out today.

Hoy no vamos a salir

Are you Lucía’s cousin?¿Eres el/la primo/a de Lucía?

Verb have gotVerbo tener

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI have gotYou have gotHe/She/It has gotWe have gotYou have gotThey have got

I have not got- I haven’t gotYou have not got- You haven’t gotHe/She/It has not got- He hasn’t gotWe have not got- We haven’t gotYou have not got- You haven’t gotThey have not got- They haven’t got

Have I got…?Have you got…?Has she got…?Have we got…?Have you got…?Have they got…?

ExamplesShe has got a dog.Ella tiene un perro.

You haven’t got a dog.Tu no tienes un perro

Have they got pets?¿Tienen ellos mascotas?

There is/There areHay (verbo haber)

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeThere is(singular)

There are(plural)

There is not- There isn’t

There are not- There aren’t

Is there…?

Are there…?

Examples1

There is a pen on the table.

Hay un bolígrafo sobre la mesa.

There are some flowers.Hay algunas flores.

There isn’t any pen.No hay ningún bolígrafo.

There aren’t flowers.No hay flores

Is there any pen?¿Hay algún bolígrafo?

Are there any flowers?¿Hay alguna flor?

QuantifiersCuantificadores

Countable Uncountable

AffirmativeA biscuitAn avocadoSome prawnsA lot of applesMany cherries

Some coffeeA lot of bacon

NegativeA sausageAn orangeAny crispsA lot of biscuitsMany crackers

Any teaA lot of jamMuch milk

InterrogativeA rollAn onionAny peppersA lot of chipsMany omelettesHow many nuts?

Any teaA lot of chilli sauceMuch meatHow much sugar?

Examples

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

There are many cherries in the fridge.Hay muchas cerezas en la nevera.

There isn’t much milk.No hay mucha leche.

Is there any tea?Hay algo de té?

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Notes:● “The” es otro cuantificador, pero este se usa sólo cuando es algo

específico. Se puede usar tanto para nombres contables como incontables.

○ The high-school is preparing an international week

● Todos los líquidos y productos lácteos pertenecen al grupo de nombres incontables.

● Much & Many significan “mucho” ,pero much se usa con los nombres incontables y many con los contables.

There was/ There wereCountable/ Uncountable

Affirmative There was a desert

There were some kangaroos

Negative There wasn’t any water

There weren’t any plants

Interrogative Was there any rain?

Where there any animals?

Short answers Yes, there was/ No, there wasn’t

Yes, there were/ No, there weren’t

Present simpleAffirmative Negative Interrogative

I/You/We/They draw every day.

He/ She/It draws every day.

I/You/We/They don’t draw on Mondays.He/She/It doesn’t draw on Mondays

Do I/You/We/They draw at the weekends?Does He/She/It draw* at the weekends?

* En la interrogativa, con el He/She/It, al poner Does al principio ya no se escribe -s al final del verbo.

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Present Continuous (verb+ing)Affirmative Negative Interrogative

She is drawing now

They are drawing now

She isn’t drawing right

now

They aren’t drawing right now

Is she drawing at the moment?Are they drawing at the moment?

Past SimplePasado simple

Regular verbs Irregular verbsAffirmative She walked We flew

Negative She didn’t walk We didn’t fly

Interrogative Did she walk? Did we fly

Short answers Yes, she did/ No, we didn’t

Las expresiones de tiempo y adverbios de frecuencia nos ayudan a determinar el tiempo de la frase.

● We usually hang out together● She is taking photographs right now

Present simpleTime expressions Adverbs of frequency

Every day, once a week, on Mondays, at the weekends

Always, usually, sometimes, rarely, hardly ever,never

ExamplesI go to english lessons twice a week. I rarely practise sport.

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Present continuousTime expressions

now, right now, at the moment

ExampleWe are studying right now

Past simple

Time Expressionslast night, a month ago, yesterday

Comparison of adjectivesComparative Goggles are cheaper than cycling shoes.

Rollerblading is more dangerous than running.

Superlative Those are the nicest skateboards in the shop.He is the most famous skateboarder in the country.

(not) as...as This golf club is as popular as that one.Swimming isn’t as dangerous as surfing.

Watch out!Good- better- bestBad- worse- worst

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VocabularyIntroduction

Family Sweet shop-Tienda de chuches

Aunt-Tía HospitalCousin-Primo/a Post office-Oficina de correosDaughter-Hija AnimalsParents-Padres Bear-Oso

Geographical features Cow-Vaca

Stream-Arroyo Deer-ciervoDesert-Desierto Pig-CerdoRiver-Río Giraffe-JirafaIsland-Isla Sheep-Oveja

Weather Gorilla- Gorila

Cloudy-Nublado Snake-SerpienteCool-Fresco Rabbit-ConejoWarm-Cálido Monkey-MonoSunny-Soleado Parts of the body

Places Face-Cara

Butcher’s-Carnicería Paws- PatasLibrary-Biblioteca Tongue- LenguaBank-Banco Stomach-Estómago/BarrigaBakery-Panadería Tail-ColaCinema-Cine Neck-CuelloChemist’s-Farmacia Mouth-BocaChurch-Iglesia Fur-PelajeCafé-Cafetería/Bar

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Sports Sandals-Sandalias

Surf T-shirt-CamisetaSki Scarf-BufandaSnowboarding Socks-CalcetinesTennis Jacket-ChaquetaCycling-Ciclismo FoodVolleyball Cabbage-ColBasketball- Baloncesto MelonRollerblading-Patinaje Juice-Jugo

Clothes Ham-Jamón

Dress-Vestido Cheese-QuesoTrousers-Pantalones Sausage-SalchichaShirt-Camisa Grapes-UvasHat- Sombrero Yoghurt-YogurTrainers- Tenis Orange-NaranjaBoots-Botas Strawberry-FresaJeans-Vaqueros Lettuce-LechugaShorts-Pantalones cortos Mushrooms-Champiñones

Lamb-CorderoApple-ManzanaBeef-Ternera

Unit 1

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Raspberry jam-Mermelada de frambuesa

Biscuit- Galleta

Prawns-Gambas/Langostinos MuesliAvocado-Aguacate Cherry-CerezaSteak-Bistec/Filete Nuts-NuecesMashed potatoes-Puré de papas Spicy-PicanteMilkshake-Batido Salty-SaladoLentils-Lentejas Frozen-CongeladoSpinach-Espinacas Fresh-FrescoLemonade-Limonada Oily-Grasiento/AceitosoTuna-Atún Sweet-DulceCrisps- Papas fritas (de paquete) Delicious-DeliciosoSalmon Sour-Agrio/AmargoBroccoli Fried- FritoCauliflower- Coliflor Raw-CrudoOmelette-Tortilla Baked- CocidoBacon Grilled- A la parrilla/ A la brasaToast-TostadaButter-MantequillaDrinking chocolate- Chocolate caliente

Unit 2Painting- Pintura/Cuadro Special- Especial/Particular

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Sculpture- Escultura Ordinary- Ordinario/ComúnGraffiti Disappointing- DecepcionantePhotograph- Fotografía Extraordinary- ExtraordinarioCartoon-Dibujo animado Bright-BrillanteMural Dull- Apagado/aburridoDrawing-Dibujo Light-ClaroSketch-Boceto Modern- ModernoPottery-Cerámica Cheerful-AlegreMosaic-Mosaico Realistic-RealistaCartoonist- Dibujante/Caricaturista InvisiblePainter-Pintor Gloomy-SombríoPhotographer-FotógrafoSculptor- EscultorGraffiti artist- GrafiteroPotter- Ceramista/AlfareroDark-OscuroSurprising-SorprendenteImaginative-Imaginativo

Unit 3Bats- Bates Skate(verb)-PatinarElbow pads- Coderas Push-Empujar

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Goggles- Gafas de natación Pull-TirarGolf clubs- Palos de golf Jog-TrotarHelmet- Casco Hike- Hacer senderismoIce skates- Patines (para hielo) Leap-SaltarKneepads -Rodilleras Slide- DeslizarMouth guards- Protector bucal Crawl- GatearNet- Red Swing- Columpiarse/BalancearseRollerblades Hang- ColgarSkateboards- Monopatín Skip- Saltar (a la comba)Skis Hop- SaltarSnowboardsSurfboards- Tabla de surfSwimming cap- Gorro de piscinaTennis rackets- Raquetas de tenisTrampolinesWater bottles-Botellas de aguaSki (verb)- Esquiar

Unit 4Backpack-Mochila Field- CampoBoarding pass- Tarjeta de embarque Cave- CuevaComb- peine Ground- Tierra/Terreno

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Hairbrush- Cepillo del pelo Glacier- GlaciarHand luggage- Equipaje de mano Swamp-PantanoPassport-Pasaporte Waterfall- CascadaPhone charger- Cargador Path- CaminoShampoo- Champú Steep-Escarpado/EmpinadoSleeping bag- Saco de dormir Rocky-RocosoSoap- Jabón Deep-ProfundoSuitcase-Maleta Shallow-Poco profundoSun cream- Crema solar Flat-Plano/LisoTent- Tienda de campaña Sandy-ArenosoToothbrush- Cepillo de dientesToothpaste-Pasta de dientesTorch- LinternaTowel- ToallaTravel guide- Guía de viajesWallet- Cartera

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