engle v. vitale – 1962
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Engle v. Vitale – 1962. Religious Freedom Enough of this Freedom of Religion Crap - YouTube. Is religion more unifying or divisive in American society?. Separation of Church & State. “ a wall of separation between church and state. ” – TJ What does this mean?. 1) Solid Wall of Separation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Engle v. Vitale – 1962
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Religious FreedomEnough of this Freedom of Religion Crap - YouTube
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Is religion more unifying or divisive in American society?
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Separation of Church & State• “a wall of
separation between church and state.” – TJ
• What does this mean?
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1) Solid Wall of Separation• Prohibits all forms of
public aid for or support of religion
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2) The “wall” forbids the favoring by the state of one religion over another…not nondiscriminatory support/aid for all
religions
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3) The “wall” only prohibits the establishment of a national religion
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Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)1. Is this establishment of
religion?2. What is the reasoning behind
your decision?
• Pennsylvania law that authorized Kurtzman (superintendent) to purchase secular educational services from nonpublic schools.
• Kurtzman would use state levied taxes to reimburse nonpublic schools for expenses incurred for teachers’ salaries, textbooks, and instructional materials
• Secular purposes only
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Establishment Clause: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion”
• Lemon Test:• 1) Purpose• 2) Promotion• 3) Excessive
entanglement ($)
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• Your assignment...--you are assigned to one of five groups of cases regarding establishment of religion--w/ your group
a. read about each caseb. discuss w/ your groupc. apply the Lemon Testd. predict how the SC will decidee. present each case to the class and poll the class regarding their opinion
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Establishment Clause: Cases
• Group #1: Aid to religious schools– Lemon v. Kurtzman
(1971)– Everson v. Board of
Education (1947)– Zelman v. Simmons-
Harris (2002)
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Establishment Clause: Cases
• Group #2—Public School facilities and funds– Widmar v. Vincent
(1981)– Rosenberger v. U. of
Virginia (1995)
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Establishment Clause: Cases
• Group #3—Religion in public schools– Epperson v. Arkansas
(1968)– Edwards v. Aguillard
(1987)
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Establishment Clause: Cases
• Group #4—Holiday Displays– Lynch v. Donelly (1984)– County of Allegheny v.
ACLU (1989)– Jon Stewart--The War on
Christmas
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Establishment Clause: Cases
• Group #5—Prayer in public schools– Engle v. Vitale (1962)– School District of
Abington Township v. Schempp (1963)
– Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)– Santa Fe School District
v. Doe
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Free Exercise Clause: “…or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…”
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Mass. V. David & Ginger Twitchell (1990)
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Case #1: WV State Board of Ed v. Barnette (1943)
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Case #2: Welsh v. United States (1970)
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Case #3: State of Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
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Case #4: Oregon Employment Division v.
Smith (1990)
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Case #5: Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. Hialeah
(1993)
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Standards: How does the court decide/what criteria
do they use?Courts have been inconsistent in their rulings…
1) Sherbert-Yoder Test=less restrictive on free exercise
2) Smith Test=more restrictive on free exercise
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1) Legitimacy
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2) Balance: state must demonstrate a ‘compelling governmental interest’
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3) Compromise – “least restrictive means”
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4) Targeting – no “ex post facto” laws targeting religious practices