SEMINAR REPORT ON “AUGMENTED REALITY”

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:AYUSH AGARWAL MR. D.C. PANDEY

INTRODUCTIONAugmented reality refers to computer displays

that add information to a user's sensory perception.

What makes Augmented Reality different is how the information is presented i.e. not on a separate display but integrated with the user's perceptions.

Getting the right information at the right time and the right place is the main idea.

Augmented Reality describes that class of displays that consists primarily of a real world environment, with enhancement or augmentations.

EVOLUTION The first prototype was developed in the

1960s by computer graphics pioneer Ivan Surtherland and his students at Harvard University.

1980: Steve Mann creates the first wearable computer

“eye tap” a system with text and graphical overlays. It wasn't until the early 1990s that the term

"Augmented Reality “ was coined by Tom Caudell at Boeing.

1992: Steven Feiner, Blair MacIntyre and Doree Seligmann present the first major paper on an AR system prototype “KARMA”

• 2000: Bruce H. Thomas develops ARQuake, the first outdoor mobile AR game

• In 2001 MIT came up with a very compact AR system known as "MIThrill".

• 2013: Google announces an open beta test of its “Google Glass” augmented reality glasses. The glasses reach the Internet through Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, which connects to the wireless service on a user’s cellphone. The glasses respond when a user speaks, touches the frame or moves the head.

TECHNOLOGY Here are the components needed to make an

augmented-reality system work: Display or output devices like earphonesHEAD MOUNTED DISPLAY:A head-mounted display (HMD) is a display device

paired to a headset such as a harness or helmet. HMDs place images of both the physical world and

virtual objects over the user's field of view. Modern HMDs often employ sensors for six degrees

of freedom monitoring that allow the system to align virtual information to the physical world and adjust accordingly with the user's head movements.

Most commonly used technology is optical see through display.

EYE GLASSESAR displays can be rendered on devices

resembling eyeglasses. Versions include eye wear that employ cameras to intercept the real world view and re-display its augmented view through the eye pieces and devices in which the AR imagery is projected through or reflected off the surfaces of the eye wear lens pieces.  

Tracking system Head orientation is determined with a hybrid

tracker that combines gyroscopes and accelerometers with magnetometers that measure the earth's magnetic field.

For position tracking we use high-precision version of the Global Positioning system receiver. The system is able to achieve the centimeter-level accuracy by employing differential GPS

DIFFERENTIAL GPSAn ordinary GPS is accurate up to 30 m.Differential GPS solves this problem. It uses stationary receiver stations.These stations already know their exact

position. So when they receive data from satellite it knows the error.

The stationary receiver shares this positional correction with nearby devices, thus giving an accuracy up to 10cms.

Input devicesTechniques include speech recognition systems that translate a user's spoken words into computer instructions and gesture recognition systems that can interpret a user's body movements by visual detection or from sensors embedded in a peripheral

device such as a stylus, pointer, glove or other body wear.

Mobile computing power• The computer analyzes the sensed visual and

other data to synthesize and position augmentation

Software and algorithms A key measure of AR systems is how realistically

they integrate augmentations with the real world.

First detect interest points or optical flow in the camera images. First stage can use feature detection methods like corner detection, blob detection, edge detection.

BLOB DETECTION • Is a mathematical method that is aimed at

detecting regions in a digital image that differ in properties, such as brightness or color, compared to areas surrounding those regions.

• The second stage restores a real world coordinate system from the data obtained in the first stage

APPLICATIONS ARCHAEOLOGY AR in this field makes it possible for users to rebuild

ruins, buildings, or even landscapes as they formerly existed.

ARCHITECTURE AR can aid in visualizing building projects. Computer-

generated images of a structure can be superimposed into a real life local view of a property before the physical building is constructed there.

EDUCATION App iSkull is an augmented human skull for education. Textbooks can contain embedded “markers” that, when scanned by an AR device, produce supplementary info to the student rendered in a multimedia format

GAMING Augmented reality allows gamers to experience digital game

play in a real world environment. AR is the reason we enjoy Xbox Kinect or PS3 Move.

MEDICAL Augmented Reality can provide the surgeon with information,

which are otherwise hidden, such as showing the heartbeat rate, the blood pressure, the state of the patient’s organ, etc.

AR can be used to let a doctor look inside a patient by combining one source of images such as an X-ray with another such as video.

MILITARY In combat, AR can serve as a networked communication

system that renders useful battlefield data onto a soldier's goggles in real time.

From the soldier's viewpoint, people and various objects can be marked with special indicators to warn of potential dangers.

“ The applications of AR are not limited to these examples, it’s a world

of endless possibilities”