engineering design parameters and requirement for hospitals

Arch. Allen R. Buenaventura, MCMEngineering Design Parameters and

Requirements In Hospital & Healthcare Facilities

Hospital Planning and Design

ELECTRICAL WORKS DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR HOSPITALS

Arch. Allen R. Buenaventura, MCMEngineering Design Parameters and

Requirements In Hospital & Healthcare Facilities


Engineering Design Parameters and Requirements

In Hospital & Healthcare Facilities

Philippine Electrical Code

Fire Code of the Philippines

National Building Code of the Philippines and Its IRR

Existing Local Codes and Ordinances

Electrical Works – Codes

Hospital Planning and DesignArch. Allen R. Buenaventura, MCM



Bureau of Product Standards (BPS)

Underwriters Laboratory (UL)

International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC)

Illumination Engineering Society

National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA)

Electrical Works – Standards




Site WorksMaster Site Development Plan should show: Substation / Power House KVA rating and other specifications of transformers Switchgear requirements Panel Board Layout Electrical Metering Devices

Electrical Works




Site Works (cont)

Service Conductors and Conduit Layout Grounding System Emergency Stand by Generators Street and Perimeter Lighting System

Electrical Works




1. Lighting System Provide adequate normal branch circuits to all areas using standard lighting design analysis. Utilize standard illumination requirements per area using preferred or particular type of luminaire.

Building Electrical System




2. Power System Provide adequate number of normal branch circuits

3. Standby / Emergency System Provide adequate number of life safety and critical emergency branch circuits for lighting or utility equipment connected to alternate power source.





4. Auxiliary System Provide the following:a.Communication System – Telephone, Local Area Network, Public Address Paging, Private Branch Exchange or PABX, Nurse Call, Master or Cable Antenna Televisionb.Fire Alarm Systemc.Security System





5. Lightning Protection System Include roof-mounted air terminals, grounding conductors, ground rods, conduits, clamps, and other equipment to complete the system.





Details Lighting fixtures / Luminaires Panel board and Circuit breakers Switchgear and other metering

devices Electrical and Hospital Equipment Installation and Termination of

Auxiliary Equipment and other Special Devices





Details (cont) Power and Telephone Hand holes /

Manholes (as may be required) Pedestal and Service Entrance to

building Grounding System Layout Substation / Power house and

Electrical Room Transformer and Generator

Mounting





Summary of Materials General Lighting Luminairesa. Fluorescent Lamps – linear, circular,

self-ballasted; Cool or Warm White; fixture housing steel sheet high reflectance powder coat finish

b. Lamp Holders – thermosetting plasticc. Fluorescent Ballast – magnetic or

electronic type with high power factor of high frequency energy saving type





Summary of Materials (cont) General Lighting Luminaires (cont)

d. Down Lights and Pin Lights – heavy gauge spun aluminum with lamp

e. Other special lighting such as Operating Room Lights – as specified by end users





Summary of Materials (cont) Wiring Devicesa. Wiring Devices – non-automatic control, contact

guaranteed by the special spiral springsb. Switches – 15A, 250V or 300V unless otherwise

specified; terminals screw type or quick-connected

c. General Use Receptacles – 15A, 240V grounding type unless otherwise specified

d. Special Purpose Receptacle – as specified; with matching plugs





Summary of Materials (cont) Panel Boards and Circuit Breakersa. Current-carrying parts of the panel

board plated; solid neutral (S/N) assembly when required; assembly isolated from the enclosure

b. Molded case circuit breakers (show frame, trip rating and interrupting capacity); quick make, quick break, thermal magnetic, trip indicating; with common trip on all multiple breakers with internal trip mechanism





Summary of Materials (cont) Electrical Conduits, Boxes and Fittings –

rigid steel, zinc coated or galvanizeda. Rigid Steel Conduits (RSC)b. Rigid Metal Conduits (RMC)c. Intermediate Metal Conduits (IMC)d. Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)e. Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)

schedule 40





Nurse Call System – control panel, bed head panel, ancillary call and annunciating equipment

Wiring – data cable, 24V supply to each bed unit

Two levels of calls:a. Patients to Nurse – by means of wall

mounted or handset mounted call push button bed head panel





Nurse Call System (cont)

a. Nurse to Nurse – emergency call, instigated by emergency push/pull switch mounted on call units of bed head panels

Bed Head Panel – type depends on patient bed class; multiplexed bed head panel for sound distribution





Nurse Call System (cont) Bathroom – provided with pull cord unit and

reset unit Room indicator lamp installed above the door

along the corridor of each patient bed ward Nurse Station – equipped with indicator unit

(audible and visual) to indicate zone calling and type of call

Emergency indication in acute areas arranged “for staff use only”





Summary of Materials (cont) Solid state switching, all items

connected to internal printed circuit boards readily interchangeable for maintenance purposes

Master Antenna Television (MATV) and Cable Television (CATV) System

Two source; One from a master antenna at the roof or in a suitable area and the other from a commercial cable television service





Summary of Materials (cont)

Master antenna with FM, VHF, and UHF antennas, combiner, distribution amplifier, coaxial cables, splitters, tap-offs, and TV outlets

Individual trunk of master antenna and cable TV rising from the building






Structured Cabling and Telephone System

Minimum provision for 500 mixed PABX extension and direct telephone lines for level 3 hospitals

Security System Include intrusion detection and

alarm; CCTV access control



STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL WORKS DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR HOSPITALS

Arch. Allen R. Buenaventura, MCM



National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2001

National Building Code of the Philippines and its revised IRR

Accessibility Law

Local Codes and Ordinances

Structural Works – Codes




Bureau of Product Standards (BPS)

Philippine National Standards (PNS)

DPWH Blue Book

American Concrete Institute (ACI)

American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)

American Welding Society (AWS)

Structural Works – Standards




Site Works Reference:

Hospital Master Site Development Plan Main hospital road capable of two way traffic; 6.00mts. Minimum width, 150mm thickness, concrete strength should be at least 3000psi. Interior roads leading to support facilities shall be designed to accommodate delivery trucks, fire tracks, waste collection vans

Structural Works




Site Works (cont) Fences should be see-through for the front of the hospital while the three other sides should be made of concrete hollow blocks. Minimum height 2.00 meters. Provide perimeter lighting. See-through fence will be made of 32mm square bars spaced at 100mm on center and provided with three(3) concrete hollow blocks (45mm high) bottom wall

Structural Works




Buildings Use seismic importance factor of 1.25 Immediate occupancy category Designed in accordance with NSCP requirements up to magnitude 7 for those near seismic source Type A Observe seismic gaps between buildings (old and new)

Building Structural System




Buildings Use wind importance factor of 1.15 (specially for roofing system) Use concrete gutters and parapet walls as additional protection to the roofing system in strong typhoons Use fire-resistive and non-toxic materials





Buildings Verify with PHIVOLCS the distance of the proposed hospital to nearest active fault lines and with DENR for geo-hazard map of the area Conduct soil investigation to determine soil bearing capacity (at least three bore holes) and to recommend foundation design. Applicable even for one story structures.





Details Provide details of connection of beams and columns following requirements of NSCP for confined areas Provide connection of trusses to beams and columns Provide splicing details of reinforcing bars on columns and beams and the required bar cut-off points





Summary of Materials Concrete shall be Portland Cement and conforming to ASTM specification C150, Type I to Type II Coarse aggregates shall consist of washed gravel, crushed stone or rock or a combination thereof conforming to ASTM C33






Concrete hollow blocks shall be a standard product of recognized manufacturer conforming to PNS 16 with at least 350psi strength

Reinforcing bars shall conform with PNS Grade 60 for 16mm diameter and above and PNS Grade 40 for 12mm diameter and below






Structural Steel shall conform with ASTM A36/A6M

a.Bolts and studs shall conform with ASTM A325

b.Welding electrodes shall be E60 or E70 and conform with AWS D.1.1



SANITARY / PLUMBING WORKS DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR HOSPITALS


Hospital Planning and DesignEngineering Design Parameters and Requirements






National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (NPCP)

Code of Sanitation


Sanitary Works – Codes




Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water Underwriters Laboratory (UL) DOH National Reference Laboratory (NRL) DOH Health Care Waste Management Manual National Water Resources Board (NWRB) National Plumbers Association of the Phils. (NAMPAP) Philippine Society of Sanitary Engineers (PSEE)

Sanitary Works – Standards




Site Works Storm Drainage Network – shall accommodate the magnitude of peak rates of surface run-off including drainage coming from the buildings. System shall be capable of handling the design flow leading to the designated outfall. Rainfall calculation and size of drainage pipes – refer to Table-D2, Appendix-D, NPCP, and current rainfall record from the PAG-ASA.

Sanitary Works




Site Works (cont) Sewerage Pipe Network shall accommodate all sewage coming from all buildings, conveyed by a gravitational flow leading to the proposed sewage treatment plant. Per capita waste water demand – 100-130gal/capita/day per bed Water Supply Network shall include also fire hydrant needs, accessible drinking water to serve as testing point for safe and potable water supply

Sanitary Works




Sewerage and Vent System Provide complete sewerage and vent system from all plumbing fixtures and floor drains, laid by gravity flow leading to the sewage treatment plant. For demand weight of fixtures in fixture units, refer to Appendix A, Table A-2, NPCP

Building Sanitary Systems




Wastewater and Vent System Provide separate wastewater line and vent system for all areas dealing with laboratory activities and generating infectious wastes. Route the system to a neutralization tank before discharging to a sewage treatment plant.





Wastewater and Vent System (cont)

Provide separate wastewater line and vent system for all areas generating oil or grease such as the dietary. Tap the system to the grease trap before connecting the effluent to a sewage treatment plant. For demand weight of fixtures, refer to Appendix A, Table A-2, NPCP





Water Supply System Provide complete cold water supply to all plumbing fixtures. From the main water source, pump the water to the elevated water tank and convey to fixtures by gravity of transfer pump the water with constant pressure through pneumatic storage tank, whichever is feasible.





Water Supply System (cont)

Provide hot water supply through portable water heaters to selected areas such as sterilizing units, laboratories, dietary, clean up rooms, and others as required by the owner.





Storm Drainage System Provide complete storm drainage system for all roofs, canopies, concrete ledges and balconies including condensate drains laid for gravity flow, connected to leader/pipe line to the natural ground level storm drainage network





Sewage Treatment Plant Provide sewage treatment plant designed according to the hospital bed capacity. Adapt a biological process of sewage treatment complying with environmental statutory laws specifically DENR Administrative Order No. 35





Summary of Materials Sewer and Vent Pipes – Unplasticized polyvinyl (uPVC) extra series 1000 conforming with ISO 3633 ASTM D2729 including trims and fittings

Downspouts – same as above

Storm Drainage Pipes – 250mm dia. and below non-reinforced concrete pipe; 300mm dia. and above reinforced concrete pipe






Drainage Manholes, Street Inlet, Curb Inlet – Traffic type reinforced concrete; Area Drain / Catch Basin – Reinforced Load Bearing CHB

Sewage Manholes – Traffic Type Reinforced Concrete with standard steel brass cover

Wastewater Pipe – extra heavy, single hub, hub less cast iron pipes and fittings conforming to ASTM standard 888






Cleanouts – cast iron brass with counter sunk plug (BPS certified)

Floor Drain Deck Drains – cast iron brass (BPS certified)

Gutter Drains – cast iron dome type brass (BPS certified)






Cold Water Supply Pipes – Polypropelene Pn 10 Fusion weld pipes including trims and fittings (BPS certified)

Hot Water Supply Pipes – Polypropelene Pn 20 Fusion weld pipes including trims and fittings (BPS cerfified)

Trench Grating – galvanized / stainless steel iron grates






Plumbing Fixtures including trims, fittings and accessories (BPS certified)a.Water closet – tank type push button flushb.Lavatory – pedestal/counter type with C-spout spray faucetc.Kitchen Sink – Ga.16 stainless steel seamless bowl with gooseneck faucetd.Urinal – wall hung flush valve type






Plumbing Fixtures at Sterile Areasa.Scrub-up Sink – Ga.16 stainless steel (single/ double bowl) compartment, knee operated or sensor controlled spray faucetb.Surgical Soap Dispenser – Ga.16, stainless steel foot-operatedc.Laboratory Sink – Ga.16 stainless steel deep seated seamless bowl compartment with C-spout spray faucet



MECHANICAL WORKSDESIGN PARAMETERS FOR HOSPITALS






Mechanical Engineering Code of the Philippines (ME Code)


Mechanical Works – Codes




Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) Philippine National Standards (PNS) Underwriters Laboratory (UL) & Factory Manual (FM) International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 1988 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA Standards for Health Care Facilities American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Center for Disease Control and Prevention Manual

Mechanical Works – Standards




Site Works For Automatic Fire Sprinkler System, Site Plan indicating the location of the buildings, firewater reserve tank, firewater line, yard loop and private fire hydrant For Medical Gases and Vacuum System, Site Plan indicating the location of the buildings, medical gases manifold and vacuum housing

Mechanical Works




Automatic Fire Sprinkler System Provided in all hospital buildings except for one (1) story structures built with fire resistive materials Hazard Classification – light hazard occupancy Area of coverage 146 sq.m., water supply density 4.07 lps / sq.m. Protection area per sprinkler head 20 sq.m. at 2.2 m minimum distance and 4.2m maximum distance between sprinkler

Building Mechanical Systems




Automatic Fire Sprinkler System (cont) All floor control valves equipped with supervisory switch, water flow detector and drain system Water supply horizontal split case centrifugal fire pump diesel engine or AC motor, vertical in-line jockey pump with controller Firewater reserve tank ground level monolithic concrete tank sized for a min. supply of 30mins Hydraulic calculations report based on NFPA-13 format





Ventilation and Air Conditioning System Provided in all patient private room, radiological and imaging areas, operating rooms, delivery rooms, critical care areas, laboratories, drug storage, offices Split type air conditioners for large capacity areas Window type ACU for areas with exterior wall exposure Centralized air conditioning only when feasible Design temperature 25deg C at 50% RH





Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (cont)

Design of critical care areas laminar or positive pressure – supply air is 10% more than exhaust air

Isolation rooms for highly infectious diseases like TB and SARS negative pressure – exhaust air is 10% more than supply air





Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (cont) Maintain air changes rate greater than or equal to 12 air changes per hour or 145 liters per second per patient Provide ceiling cassette type exhaust fans with integral air diffuser in all toilets Provide orbit type ceiling fans 360 deg oscillation in all non air conditioned rooms such as patient wards, nurse stations, work areas





Medical Gases and Vacuum System Medical gases and vacuum system – provided throughout the hospital Medical gas supply – provided through manifold system and bulk system Pipeline system shall be equipped with zone valves and alarm system Vacuum pumps – duplex type each-capacity to handle the total load without loss of vacuum in the system





Medical Gases and Vacuum System (cont) Gas outlets – single, double, triple or more units for the following gas services: oxygen, air, nitrous oxide and vacuuma.Flow calculations NFPA standards for hospitalsb.Piping – seamless type “K” or “L” hard tempered copper tubing suitable for silver brazing. Joint and fittings for copper tubing-cast bronze for brazing





Elevator System Hospital bed elevator – provided in all multi storey hospital buildings, separate elevators for patients, service elevators. Minimum car size – 1.50 mtrs width and 2.15 mtrs height Car door opening – not less than 1.10 mtrs and 3.10 mtrs height.





Summary of Materials Automatic Fire Sprinkler System Sprinkler Head – UL listed/FM approved, pendant, upright or sidewall unit, 83 LPM flow capacity per head and temperature fusing at 57.7 deg Celsius to 74 deg Celsius Fire Pump – UL listed /FM approved diesel engine or electric motor driven-designed for automatic water sprinkler protection system





Summary of Materials Automatic Fire Sprinkler System (cont) Jockey Pump – UL listed /FM approved, electric motor driven, 220V, 3-phase, 60hertz, electric power connection Alarm Assembly – UL listed /FM approved, so installed that any flow of water from the sprinkler system equal to or greater than that from the single automatic head shall result in an audible and visual sign in the building vicinity





Summary of Materials Automatic Fire Sprinkler System (cont) Water sprinkler alarm and supervision system – includes the monitoring water flow switch of each building floor, fire pump and jockey pump running condition and power supply, water level of the reservoir and control valves Pipes – B.1 schedule 40. Screw fittings – used for inside piping





Summary of Materials Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System Refrigerant pipes – copper tubing, type L or K black steel pipe, Schedule 40 for 100mm diameter and less. Pipes over 100mm diameter Schedule 40 Black Steel Pipes – standard seamless, lap-welded or electric resistant welded for size 50mm diameter and larger, screw type for size 38mm diameter and smaller, fittings for copper tubing-cast bronze fitting designed for brazing





Summary of Materials Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System (cont) Pipe Insulation – preformed fiberglass or equivalent. Insulating materials covered with 100mm x 13mm thick polyethelene film overlapped not less than 50mm Ducts – galvanized steel sheets of standard gauges Ductwork Insulation – rigid board styropor or equivalent 25mm thk for ground and top floor, 13mm thick for intermediate floor





Summary of Materials Medical Gases and Vacuum System Medical gas manifold and vacuum plant – UL listed/ FM approved Gas Outlet Stations – UL listed/FM approved quick connect type or DISS type, stainless steel or PVC faceplate mounted on chrome-plated zinc die-cast cover plate





Summary of Materials Elevator System Hospital bed elevator and passenger elevator – machine room-less or traction type only Elevator System – UL listed / FM approved



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