engineering design issues for eoc’s, hurricane shelters and other essential facilities
TRANSCRIPT
Engineering
Design Issues for EOC’s, Hurricane Shelters and other Essential Facilities
Florida Emergency Operations Centers Design and Evaluation
Criteria
Danny Kilcollins, FPEM
Planning Manager
Division of Emergency Management
Features of a
Survivable EOC
Minimum Hurricane
Safety Criteria for
Critical Facilities
ARC 4496 Hurricane Hazards
Wind
Storm Surge Flooding
Rainfall Flooding
Hazardous Materials
High Performance
Design Criteria:
DOE-STD-1020
DOE-STD-1020 Natural Hazards
Wind
Flooding
Earthquake
Hurricane Wind Design
DOE 1020 Wind Design
Return Period Years
ASCE 7-02
Florida Building Code –
Basic Wind Speeds and Windborne
Debris Impact
Regions
Basic Wind Speed Conversions
Equivalent Basic Wind SpeedsWind Speed Conversion
3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph)
Wind Measurement Scale
Hurricane Category 1
Hurricane Category 2
Hurricane Category 3
Hurricane Category 4
Hurricane Category 5
Extreme Hurricane Category 5
3-second Gust (ASCE 7 and 2004 Florida Building Code)
90 117 135 160 190 230
Fastest Mile (Standard Building Code)
75 100 117 141 170 209
1-minute Sustained (National Hurricane Center)
74 96 111 131 156 188
1,000-yr Return Period
1,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida
Fla. PC 3 Wind Design Criteria
10,000-yr Return Period
10,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida
Fla. PC 4 Wind Design Criteria
Probable Minimum Central Pressure Limit Estimate for Hurricanes; Source: K. Emanuel (1996)
Minimum Central Pressure to Wind Velocity Conversion
Source: Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present and Future; Landsea, etal
880 mb = 190 mph (232 mph, 3-sec gust)
885 mb = 185 mph (226 mph, 3-sec gust)
890 mb = 180 mph (220 mph, 3-sec gust)
900 mb = 170 mph (208 mph, 3-sec gust)
910 mb = 165 mph (202 mph, 3-sec gust)
Windborne Debris Impact Resistance Criteria
Protection Type, Vertical Surface
Missile Weight, lbs
Missile Velocity, mph
Missile Velocity, ft/s Energy, ft-lb
Momentum, lb-sec Kinetic Pulse
Hurricane Design Windspeed Range, mph (3-sec. gust)
Basic-D 9 34 50 349 14 4,883 85 or lessBasic-E 9 50 74 765 21 15,828 90 - 125Basic E 9 55 80 894 22 19,999 90 - 125Enhanced-A 9 60 88 1,082 25 26,619 130 - 160Enhanced-A* 9 65 95 1,261 27 33,490 130 - 160Enhanced-B 9 70 103 1,483 29 42,683 165 - 200Enhanced-B 9 75 110 1,691 31 51,990 165 - 200Enhanced-B* 9 80 117 1,913 33 62,561 165 - 200Enhanced-C 9 85 125 2,184 35 76,291 205 - 250Enhanced-C 9 90 132 2,435 37 89,839 205 - 250Enhanced-C 9 95 139 2,700 39 104,903 205 - 250Enhanced-C* 9 100 147 3,020 41 124,078 205 - 250
Enhanced-B 15 50 74 1,275 34 43,968 165 - 200Enhanced-C 15 55 80 1,491 37 55,553 205 - 250Enhanced-C 15 60 88 1,804 41 73,942 205 - 250Enhanced-D* 15 85 125 3,639 58 211,919 Tornado F2Enhanced-E* 15 100 147 5,033 68 344,662 Tornado F3
* - Denotes missile impact criteria (weight and velocity) selected to represent the specified protection type.
Representative Wind Design Criteria
Applies to the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipmentWind Load Design per ASCE 7 Standard
Load Factor Reductions per (draft) ICC 500Minimum Design Wind Speed = 190 mph, 3-second gustWind Importance Factor, I=1.00Exposure Category = CDirectionality Factor, Kd=1.00Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi= +0.18/-0.18
Representative Wind Design Criteria
The EOC designated as a threshold building, and special structural inspections required
Special inspections conducted in compliance with section 553.79, Florida Statutes and other applicable statutes, laws and rules
Representative Wind Design Criteria
Design Windborne Debris Missile = 15 lb 2x4 propelled at 50 mph (74 ft/sec)
Momentum = 34 lb-sec Energy = 1,275 ft-lb
Design missile applies to all exterior enclosure components, claddings and assemblies (i.e., walls, roofs, louvers, windows, doors, etc.) Design missile applies to enclosure surfaces located within 60 feet in height above finish grade
Tornado Wind Design
FEMA 361 – Tornado Winds
FEMA 361 Wind Zones
TORNADO EVENTS IN FLORIDA
54%31%
13%2%
F0F1F2F3+
F0
Representative Tornado Wind Design
Applies to the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipmentWind Load Design per ASCE 7 Standard
Load Factor Reductions per FEMA 361Minimum Design Wind Speed = 200 mph, 3-second gustWind Importance Factor, I=1.00Exposure Category = CDirectionality Factor, Kd=1.00Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi= +0.55/-0.55
Atmospheric Pressure Change (APC) or venting req’d
Representative Wind Design Criteria
The EOC designated as a threshold building, and special structural inspections required
Special inspections conducted in compliance with section 553.79, Florida Statutes and other applicable statutes, laws and rules
Representative Wind Design Criteria
Design Windborne Debris Missile = 15 lb 2x4 propelled at 100 mph (147 ft/sec)
Momentum = 68 lb-sec Energy = 5,033 ft-lb
Design missile applies to all exterior enclosure components, claddings and assemblies (i.e., walls, roofs, louvers, windows, doors, etc.) Design missile applies to enclosure surfaces located within 150 feet in height above finish grade
Flood & Rainfall Design
DOE 1020 Flood Criteria
NOAA HMR No. 51 and
No. 52Probable
Maximum Precipitation
Estimates
24-hour PMP @ 10 sq.mi. Basin
72-hour PMP @ 10 sq.mi. Basin
Estimated 24-hour Rainfall Rates w/Recurrence Intervals
Local Precipitation & Site Drainage Design (24 hr Rainfall, inches) - 12" @ 100-yr
Basin Size, sq.mi. X
0(100-yrs)
1(500-yrs)
2(2,000-yrs)
3(10,000-yrs)
4(100K-yrs) PMP
1 l.t. 100-yr 14.5 22.4 29.2 37.0 48.5 57.1
10 12.0 18.5 24.1 30.5 40.0 47.1
100 10.5 16.2 21.1 26.7 35.0 41.2
200 10.1 15.5 20.2 25.6 33.6 39.5
500 9.3 14.3 18.6 23.6 30.9 36.4
1,000 8.5 13.0 17.0 21.5 28.2 33.2
5,000 5.6 8.6 11.2 14.2 18.6 21.9
10,000 4.5 6.9 9.0 11.4 15.0 17.6
20,000 3.5 5.3 6.9 8.8 11.6 13.6
Conversion of 10 sq.mi. PMPs to 1
sq.mi. PMPs
1-hour PMP @ 1 sq.mi. Basin
Estimated 1-hour Rainfall Rates w/Recurrence Intervals
Local Precipitation & Roof Drainage Design (1 hr Rainfall, inches)
Basin Size, sq.mi. X
0(100-yrs)
1(500-yrs)
2(2,000-yrs)
3(10,000-yrs)
4(100K-yrs) PMP
1 l.t. 4.30 4.3 6.0 8.0 11.0 16.5 19.4
10 3.54 4.95 6.60 9.06 13.60 16.00
100 2.49 3.48 4.64 6.37 9.56 11.25
200 2.06 2.88 3.84 5.27 7.91 9.31
500 1.55 2.16 2.88 3.96 5.95 7.00
1,000 1.16 1.62 2.16 2.97 4.45 5.24
2,000 0.73 1.02 1.37 1.88 2.80 3.30
5,000 0.52 0.72 0.96 1.32 1.98 2.33
10,000 0.39 0.54 0.72 1.00 1.49 1.75
20,000 0.30 0.42 0.56 0.80 1.16 1.36
Summary of Flood Design Criteria
Summary of Flood Design Criteria
Performance Category X
0(100-yrs)
1(500-yrs)
2(2,000-yrs)
3(10,000-yrs)
4(100K-yrs)
Flood Hazard Return Period, yrs l.t. 100 g.e. 100 g.e. 500 g.e. 2,000 g.e. 10,000 g.e. 100,000
Design Reqm'ts
Does not meet ASCE 24, FBC and ARC 4496
ASCE 24, FBC plus ARC 4496
ASCE 24, FBC Essential Facility plus ARC 4496 ASCE 24 ASCE 24 ASCE 24
Minimum Design Floor Elevation
Floor Elev. Below BFE
BFE or DFE, whichever is
greater
BFE + 1.5 ft. or local DFE,
whichever is greater
BFE + 2.0 ft. or local DFE,
whichever is greater
BFE + 3.0 ft. or local DFE,
whichever is greater
BFE + 4.0 ft. or local DFE,
whichever is greater
Riverine Flooding
FIRM Zone Shaded A, AE,
AH or V
FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply
design precip event to basin
FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply
design precip event to basin
FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply
design precip event to basin
FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply
design precip event to basin
FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply
design precip event to basin
Summary of Flood Design Criteria
Summary of Flood Design Criteria
Performance Category X
0(100-yrs)
1(500-yrs)
2(2,000-yrs)
3(10,000-yrs)
4(100K-yrs)
Flood Hazard Return Period, yrs l.t. 100 g.e. 100 g.e. 500 g.e. 2,000 g.e. 10,000 g.e. 100,000
Local Precipitation/Site Drainage
l.t.100-year, 1-day Precip
Design
g.e. 100-year, 1-day Precip
Rate; apply
design precip
event to site
~ 22 inch, 1-day Precip
Rate; apply design precip
event to site
~ 29 inch, 1-day Precip
Rate; apply design precip
event to site
~ 37 inch, 1-day Precip
Rate; apply design precip
event to site
~ 48.5 inch, 1-day Precip
Rate; apply design precip
event to site
Roof Design Drainage; ref: Figure 1106.1, FBC-Plumbing
l.t.100-year, 1-hour
rainfall rate; l.t.
~4.3 inchs/hr
g.e.100-year, 1-hour
rainfall rate; g.e. ~4.33 to
5.0 inchs/hr g.e. 6 inchs/hr g.e. 8 inchs/hr g.e. 11 inchs/hr g.e. 16.5 inchs/hr
Storm Surge
l.t. Cat. 5 minus 1.0 ft. elev.
g.e. Cat 5 minus 1.0 ft. elev. g.e. Cat 5 elev.
g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 10%
g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 15%
g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 20%
Storm Surge Flooding
SLOSH Storm Surge ModelCategory 5 inundation depth/elevation, NGVD
Maximum Envelope of Water
Margin of Error = +/- 20%
Category 5 elev. + 20% = Probable Maximum Inundation
Storm Surge Flooding
Fla. Performance Category 3 = Cat. 5 + 15%
Fla. Performance Category 4 = Cat. 5 + 20%
Performance suggested per county based on PC 4 (10,000-yr) Wind Map
Design wind speeds at coast that are greater than or equal to 190 mph (3-sec. gust) = Cat. 5 + 20%
Design wind speeds at coast that are less than 190 mph (3-sec. gust) = Cat. 5 + 15%
Representative Flood Design Criteria
Applies to lowest floor for the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment
Finished Floor Elevation NGVD determined by:Category 5 storm surge elev. + 20%
BFE + 3.0 feet
500-yr elevation + 2.0 feet
Highest recorded flood elevation + 3.0 feet
Whichever flood elevation is highest
Representative Flood Design Criteria
The site (point maximum, one square mile) hydrologic design shall ensure that the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment are not flooded due to a 24 hour, 37.0 inch rainfall event applied over a precedent 24 hour, 100-year rainfall event
Opinion of design professional is acceptable
Basin-wide analysis not required
Representative Flood Design Criteria
Where secondary (emergency) roof drains or scuppers are required by the Florida Building Code—Plumbing, the secondary system shall be sized for a rainfall rate of eleven (11.0) inches per hour
Earthquake Design
Earthquake 10,000-yr
Design Criteria for
Florida
Earthquake 10,000-yr
Design Criteria for
Florida
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