engaging learners in an online course: success factors zoraini wati abas, edd director, center for...
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Engaging Learners in an Online Course: Success
FactorsZoraini Wati Abas, EdD
Director, Center for Learning, Teaching and Curriculum Development
Putera Sampoerna Foundation University ProjectJakarta, [email protected]
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Student EngagementHow do we know that students are engaged in their course?
4-7 Feb 2013
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Student EngagementIs it important?
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Student Engagemen
t
Course Completion
(Good Grades)
Program Completion
(Good Results)
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Student EngagementLiterature Review
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2013
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Student Engagement
Appleton, Christenson and Furlong (2008) explains that engagement has two or three components such as positive conduct, effort and participation.
Chen, Gonyea and Kuh (2008) defines engagement as the degree to which learners are involved with their educational activities and that engagement is positively linked to desired outcomes, high grades, student satisfaction, and perseverance.
What does it mean?
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Providing a learning-centered approach (Hunt & Chalmers, 2012)
The facilitator needs to provide effective facilitation of learning through new or innovative ways.
Social constructivist approach works best – collaboration between learners in a learning environment. Use of Web 2.0 tools
What does it mean?
4-7 Feb 2013
Student Engagement
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Beer, Clark & Jones (2010). Student engagement is linked to undergraduate academic achievement, student attribution, student retention, student motivation and institutional success.
Trowler (2010), “when learners are engaged…they are shaping and leading their own learning and education.”
Why is it important?
4-7 Feb 2013
Student Engagement
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Kuh (2003). “Student engagement holds the magic wand making it possible for students to succeed and develop their potential.”
Duffy, Korkmas, Dennis, et al (2005), “students who are more engaged learn more”
Why is it important?
4-7 Feb 2013
Student Engagement
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Ruey (2010), “when learners feel involved and engaged in the course, they perform well and the desired learning objectives are achieved.
Coates (2005), “student engagement is directly or indirectly related to improvement in student learning.”
Why is it important?
4-7 Feb 2013
Student Engagement
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Benefits
Greater sense of ownership over their learning
Increased motivation
Improved self-esteem
Greater achievement
Improved relationship with peers and educators
Increased self-efficacy
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Trends
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Welcome to higher education circa 2012, where on many campuses, the stale, passive lecture model is being replaced by a more dynamic way of teaching and learning—one in which students and instructors collaborate in a give-and-take fashion to “make meaning together,”
- Tony O’Driscoll, a professor of business administration at Duke.Source: http://www.ecampusnews.com/top-news/how-collaborative-learning-is-transforming-higher-education/
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Student EngagementCourse DesignStudent Feedback (Impact)Framework
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Methodology Case Study of a 100 pct Online Postgraduate Course
Course Design Environment to support
social constructivist learning
Activities to support student engagement
Impact on student engagement Student feedback What it means to be
engaged Indicators of student
engagement
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How do we engage students in an online course?
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Ning as a Collaborative Learning Platform
HMID 6303 http://hmid6303.ning.com
HMEF 5083 http://hmef5083.ning.com
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Student Engagement
using Web 2.0 Tools (Social
Media)
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Framework for Student Engagement
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Social Constructivist Learning
Application of COL model• Teacher Presence
• Cognitive Presence
• Social Presence
Creation of a learner-friendly
environmentProvision of relevant and meaningful
learning opportunities
Relationship between Success Factors
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Community of Inquiry (COI) Model of Engagement
Garrison, Anderson & Archer (2000)
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Findings and Discussions
Views of being engaged in learningIndicators of student engagement
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Questions to obtain students’ feedback
What does “to be engaged in learning” mean?
What are three factors that will encourage or show evidence that the learners are engaged?
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Views of being “engaged in learning”
“To be engaged in learning means to be self motivated to learn.”
“Learning engagement refers to a situation where the instructor encourages learners to take an active role in their own learning by giving them practical tasks that will promote information processing and understanding of concepts.”
“I think that this means for the learner to be actively involved in all learning activities through interacting with instructor, peers, web, learning material.”
“It also means that the tasks must be able to maintain the students interests and so must include tasks designed to challenge the student’s problem solving abilities, reasoning, evaluation skills and other cognitive abilities.”
“Learning engagement involves learners in authentic tasks to involve problems solving.”
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Emerging themes – student engagement
self-motivation
encouragement from the instructor
active role/involvement in learning
practical tasks, helping students to learn,
involvement with instructor, peers, Web and learning materials, authentic and meaningful tasks to maintain student interest where student’s problem solving abilities, reasoning, evaluation skills and other cognitive abilities are suitable challenging.
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Indicators (evidence) of Student Engagement
The learner interacts with the content and discovers concepts and principles to apply
The learner takes responsibility for learning and collaborates with other learners
Actively participating and enthusiastic in the lesson discussions, and posts, that is students respond in a timely manner
Completing the assignments
Submitting assignments on time
Completing the course online
Obtaining good grades for the course
Motivating others in class
Getting involved in class discussions
Doing self-learning where needed in order to understand the subject matter even more
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Factors to foster student engagement
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Social Constructivist Learning
Application of COL model• Teacher Presence
• Cognitive Presence
• Social Presence
Creation of a learner-friendly
environmentProvision of relevant and meaningful
learning opportunities
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Supporting Social Constructivist Learning
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Description Steps Taken Evidence
Design of learning within a social context where social interactions in forums and other online activities are predominant learning events
Creation of:-Forums &-Online group activities
Learners are connected with each other as they discussed and interacted with each other online
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Engaging Students in Forums (Applying the COI Model for Student Engagement)
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Description Steps Taken Evidence
Ensuring teaching presence (interaction with course facilitator)
Facilitator visited and posted comments, issues for discussion, encouraging remarks, reminders, instructions or provided motivation to students.
The facilitator provided learning guidance, for example, in the forum on assignments.
Generally, forums provided issues for discussion (20 percent of the course marks)
There were eight (8) discussion forums with active interaction.
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Description Steps Taken Evidence
Ensuring cognitive presence
Careful selection of resources to be viewed or read individually and then discussed.
Discussions were made relevant and meaningful Students were allowed freedom of expression during online discussions.
Students were seen to combine their new learning with previous knowledge and experience.
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Description Steps Taken Evidence
Ensuring social presence
Creation of a pleasant, safe, secure and respectful environment where ideas were shared and differing opinions were shared and discussed. The facilitator ensured a positive atmosphere to support online interactions.
Everyone was courteous and respectful to each other.
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Creating a learner-friendly environment
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Description Steps Taken Evidence
Selecting a platform with a learner-friendly interface and supportive of online group interactions.
Selection of a social web site, Ning, popular because of its friendly interface and easy navigability that supports learning via group interactions and collaborative activities.
Ning supports:forum discussions, chats, RSS feeds, embedding of videos, and the like. Learners were encouraged to upload their photos to increase the human element
Learners were seen to be online more often compared to when using other platforms.
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Providing relevant & meaningful learning opportunities
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Description Steps Taken Evidence
Designing (a) relevant and meaningful learning tasks, and (b) provision of learning activities using meaningful learning resources.
Students were required to read/view, analyze, give feedback and opinions in relation to his/her personal or work experience. Learners were assessed based on two assignments and forum participation: a report on current trends and issues,
based on readings and discussions to demonstrate understanding of the trends and issues in instructional technology
a paper based on learning technologies in the open world with the development of a demonstrator application of the selected learning technology(ies)
Forum discussions were also evaluated and comprised 20 percent of the course marks.
Students were actively posting based on their reading of the textbook, The World is Open, other readings and selected videos.
Students reported that the book was not only informative but also interesting to read.
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Teaching of Content
Gaining of Knowledge, Understanding, Skill and Experience
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Engaging Students in Using Content in
Problem Solving/Challenging
Situations
• Personalizing Learning
• Meaningful Learning
Gaining Knowledge,
Understanding, Skill and Experience
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Authentic Learning
Problem-based Learning
Collaborative Learning
Project-Based Learning
Borderless Learning
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
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Summary & Conclusion
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What can we conclude?
Despite very few learners, they were actively engaged during course, the online discussions with the facilitator and peers, as well as involved with the learning tasks and the course assignments.
All learners submitted their assignments and completed the course successfully.
Factors supporting student engagement COI engagement model for
online discussions, Learner-friendly online
environment Relevant and meaningful
learning materials and activities
Design of an online learning environment via a Web 2.0 platform that supports social constructivist learning which in turn provides a learning-centered approach
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http://www.learningtheoriesprofile.com/images/diagram.gif
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Skype: zoraini Slideshare: zorainiTwitter: zorainiwatiabashttp://www.facebook.com/zoraini Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/zorainiEmail: [email protected]
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Thank you for your attention