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http://www.newstatesman.com/future-proof/2014/01/icelandic-scientists-tap-molten-magma-record-geothermal-energy-production

Icelandic scientists tap into molten magma for record geothermal energy production (primary vs. secondary sources of information)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03756505/49/supp/C

Iceland lies at the coincidence of a mantle plume and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spreading axis and has numerous fissure swarms and active volcanic systems and central volcanoes (irregular ellipses) within in its high-heat flow rift systems (shaded). The geothermal systems of Reykjanes, Svartsengi, Hengill and Krafla mentioned in the text are also shown.

http://www.energypost.eu/exclusive-report-boeing-reveals-biggest-breakthrough-biofuels-ever/

Exclusive report – Boeing reveals “the biggest breakthrough in biofuels ever”

Darrin L. Morgan

In an exclusive interview with CleanTechnica.com and Energy Post, Darrin L. Morgan, Director Sustainable Aviation Fuels and Environmental Strategy at Boeing, reveals that researchers at the Masdar Institute in Abu Dhabi, funded by Boeing, Honeywell and Etihad Airways, may have achieved “the biggest breakthrough in biofuels ever”.

Alarmed by the poor quality of fuel made from shale oil and tar sands and frustrated by the blunt refusal of oil companies to provide fuel of better quality, Boeing and its partners have over the past four years sponsored research into alternative fuels that has led to spectacular results. They found that there is a class of plants that can grow in deserts on salt water and has superb biomass potential. “Nobody knew this”, says Morgan. “It is a huge discovery. A game-changer for the biofuels market.” Karel Beckman has the story.

What is the Scientific Method?What are the steps?

http://www.thwink.org/sustain/deadlock/WhyUnableToSolveProblem.htm

1. Observe a phenomenon.2. Formulate an hypothesis.3. Design an experiment to test the hypothesis.4. Perform the experiment.5. Accept, reject, or modify the hypothesis.

Potential vs. Kinetic?

http://www.education.com/reference/article/physical-science1/

http://www.education.com/reference/article/physical-science1/

Thermal Convection:

Thermal Convection:

http://chartdiagram.com/photosynthesis-diagram/

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

The sun’s electromagnetic spectrum and some of the descriptive names of each region. The numbers underneath the curve approximate the percent of energy the sun radiates in various regions.

0.4 μm = 400 nm 0.7 μm = 700 nm

The hotter sun not only radiates more energy than that of the cooler earth (the area under the curve), but it also radiates the majority of its energy at much shorter wavelengths. (The area under the curves is equal to the total energy emitted, and the scales for the two curves differ by a factor of 100,000.)

FUELS?Can you name some fuels?

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