Energy,

Temperature, and heat

• Scientists use the terms enery, temperature

and heat with very specific meanings.

02

• Whether a substance is a gas, a liquid or a

solid, all its particles are moving. The particles

have kinetic energy. Thermal energy is the

amount of kinetic energy in all the particles of a

substance. The more kinetic energy the

particles have, the more thermal energy the

substance has.

02 ENERGY

• Temperature is the measure of how fast the

particles in a substance are moving. A

substance with rapidly moving particles has a

high temperature. The gallon of water and the

cup of water can have the same temperature,

even thoungh the gallon has more thermal

energy.

02 TEMPERATURE

• Heat – The movement of energy from warmer objects to a

cooler object.

• Radiation – the movement of energy in waves.

• Conduction – The movement of energy through things that

touch each other.

• Convection – the movement of energy through a moving liquid

or gas.

• Tempertature – A measure of how fast the particles in a

substance are moving.

• Siren – a machine that makes a loud, wailing sound.

02 Vocabulary

• Position – the place where somethings is.

• Speed – the distance something travels in a period of time,

such as miles per hour (mph)

• Velocity – the combination of speed and direction

• Acceleration – the change in velocity over a unit of time.

02

• Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one

object to another. The energy always goes

from the object with a higher temperature to

the object with a lower temperature.

• This can happen in 3 ways:

– 1. Radiation

– 2. Conduction

– 3. Convection

02 Heat

• Is the transfer of energy in

waves. If you hold your hands

near a fire, the waves of

energy reach your hands and

you feel the heat.

02 1. Radiation

• Is the transfer of energy through things that

touch each other. If you leave a metal spoon in

a hot pan, the spoon gets hot. The heated

atoms in the bottom in the pan move rapidly.

They bump into the atoms around them. The

bottom of the pan and the spoon are the same

temperature.

02 2. Conduction

• Is the transfer of energy through a moving

liquid or gas. In a pot of boiling water, the

water near the bottom gets hot. Atoms move

faster and farther apart. As hot water rises to

the top, cooler water moves to the bottom. It

also heats up. In this way, heat moves through

all the water in the pan.

02 3. Convection

• Everything moves. Motion is a

change in an object’s position.

Motion involves speed, direction,

velocity, and acceleration. You

can see all of these by studying a

roller coaster.

02 Motion

• Is the distance an object travels in

a certain amount of time. If a

roller coaster is moving one mile

every minute, you could also say

the roller coaster moves at 60

miles per hour.

02 Speed

• Is the speed and the direction an object is

moving. If the speed or direction of an

object changes. The velocity changes.

The roller coaster does not travel in a

straight line. The velocity changes with

each change in direction.

02 Velocity

• Because of gravity, the roller coaster

goes faster as it gets closer to the

ground. Its speed or velocity changes.

Acceleration is the change of velocity in a

unit of time. When a roller coaster starts

moving, it’s accelerating.

02 …

• Is a measure of how fast

something happens. It is

change per unit time – for

example, 3 jugs of orange juice

capped per second.

02 A rate

• Is a kind of rate. Speed is how

fast something is moving

through space. It is distance

per unit of time – 6 feet per

second.

02 Speed

• Includes both the speed and

the direction of a motion -6 feet

per second to the right.

02 Velocity

• Energy is the hability to do work, wich means making

something change.

• Motion is a change in position. Energy can affect

motion, even in tiny atoms.

• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy, or how

fast atoms move. You measure temperature with a

thermometer.

• Heat is the transfer, or movement of thermal energy

between things of different temperatures.

02 In conclusion

Thank you!

Have a nice day!