ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT ZAMBIA OUTLOOK-2017

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GOVERNANCELecturer: Robert LINDNERStudent: Mebeelo KAFUNGWA

INTRODUCTION

According to UNDESA, 2016;•Current Population-16 million•Urban share- about 45 percent•Urbanization rate 3.2% and •Total Population growth rate 3.06% •Projected to 42 million by 2050•75% have no access to electricity..

•Actively Engages in Southern African Power Pool(SAPP) and bilateral Energy Markets.

ENERGY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK

PRESENT NATIONAL ENERGY SITUATION.

PRESENT ENERGY-MIX & GENERATION AT NATIONAL LEVEL.

INSTALLED NATIONAL GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY CAPACITY TECHNOLOGIES

GENERATION SENT OUT BY LARGE HYDRO PLANTS OWNED BY ZESCO-DECREASING

PRESENT ENERGY GENERATION SITUATION.

GENERATED POWER SENT OUT FROM ZESCO DIESEL PLANTS-INCREASING

GENERATION SENT OUT BY SMALL & MINI HYDRO PLANTS OWNED BY ZESCO-INCREASING

PRESENT ENERGY GENERATION SITUATION.

GENERATED POWER SENT FROM ZESCO AND IPP PLANTS. SOURCE: ERB, 2016

GENERATION SENT OUT BY INDEPENDENT POWER PLANTS (IPP)-DECREASING

ZAMBIA ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE. ADAPTED FROM: KAUNDA ET AL, 2013

PETROLEUM SEPARATED FINAL CONSUMPTION PRODUCTS BY % AND IMPORTS/YEAR

ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ECONOMIC SECTOR AND TYPE OF FUEL

• Source. Ministry of Mines Energy and Water Development, 2010.

DEMAND VS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY AND MANAGERIAL PROGRAMS TO COMBAT

WHY POWER DEFICIT? & ENERGY GOVERNANCE STRATEGIES EMPLOYED.

BUYING ENERGY? MAIN REASON FOR POWER DEFICIT IS LESS RAINFALL BEEN EXPERIENCED AS PREDICTED BY IPCC ANNUAL REPORTS. KARIBA DAM HAS LESS WATER…

GOVERNANCE PLANS TO ENERGY SUSTAINABILITYREFiT model - A decentralized approach that allows for alternative ownership and management models and provides an opportunity to empower local entrepreneurs and communities. (Energy regulation Board, 2015)

a. REFIT Guidelines: Support Mechanisms and Regulations;

b. REFiT Rules;c. REFiT Standard Power Purchase Agreements; for REFiT projects;d. REFiT Generation Licence;e. REFiT Grid connection Guidelines; andf. Model Grid Connection Agreement.

ZAMBIA'S SOLAR AND WIND POTENTIAL

ZAMBIA’S BIOFUELS AND GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL

TRACKING FRAMEWORK FOR ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY• In hope to promote renewables potential of SOLAR, WIND, BIOFUELS,

GEOTHERMAL(80 hot springs), MINI HYDRO Plants on so many rivers.• Rural Electrification framework master plan with hope to achieve national

vision 2030. REA, ERB, ZESCO through REFit Strategy must support the private sector, individual households to use solar.• ZESCO should let go of the energy markets and allow other organizations like REA to create their

own customers and grid of renewables• It is recommended that the indicator be schools all across the nation in

reference to those that are not connected to the grid.• Track renewable energy funds to implementation phase and involve all

stakeholders.

CONCLUSION• Energy Storage technologies need to be promoted across the nation• Energy efficiency technologies from generation pumps to household pumps • This power crisis is a very huge opportunity to put out the policies that support

renewables and efficiency at both national and private household level• Solar energy installation & awareness programs need to be effective to help reduce

the 70% biomass dependence(CIFOR, 2016); REDD+ Project, 2016)• The Refit Program needs to be implemented at a faster rate before the country

experiences good rainy season, worry is financial support might be terminated without national power crisis

• If hydro power fails and the policy solution is to increase diesel power production and energy imports, instead of establishing solar mini electric plants to meet the demand of electricity in households, then at present• Zambia is not on the right path to Energy Sustainability Achievement.