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integrated energy systems
ENERGY SURVEY OF ARMY DINING FACILITIES FORT BRAGG, NC
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Contract #DACA21-86-C-0059 April 8, 1988
Final Report Submitted to:
Commander US Army Engineer District, Savannah. ATTN: SASEN-MP 100 Oglethorpe Avenue Savannah, GA 31401
Submitted by:
Donald R. Burroughs, PE
Daniel R. Koenigshof er, PE President, D3S Engineers
19971023 193 307 N. Columbia St. Affiliate of Energy Engineering Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514 Koenigshofer Engineers and Planning (919) 942-2007 Sacramento, California
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CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORIES, CORPS OF ENGINEERS P.O. BOX 9(X)5
CHAMPAIGN. ILLINOIS 61826-9005
REPLVTO ATTENTION OF: TR-I Library
17 Sep 1997
Based on SOW, these Energy Studies are unclassified/unlimited.
Distribution A. Approved for public release.
4^ Marie Wakef^eld, Librarian^Engineering
TABLE OF CONTENTS, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Pail
1.1 Introduct ion 1 1.2 General Description of the Facilities 3 1.3 Present Energy Consumption 4 1.4 Energy Conservation Analysis 4 1.5 Energy Cost and Savings 20 1.6 Projects Developed 20
List of Fi gures
1-1 Total Annual Energy Consumption of Detailed Buildings 5 1-2 Calculated Annual Energy Cost of Detailed Buildings 1987 6 1-3 Energy Consumption Before and After
for Detailed Buildings 23 1-4 Energy Cost Before and After for Detailed Buildings 24 1-5 Energy Cost Before and After for All Buildings 27
List of Tables
1-1 List of Dining Facilities Audited 2 1-2 Estimated Building Energy Consumption and Cost 7 1-3 Sample ECO Check!ist 8 1-4 Order of Computer Runs to Account for Interaction 14 1-5 Recommended ECOs, Ranked by SIR, All Buildings 15 1-6 Typical ECOs Not Recommended 20 1-7 Recommended ECOs by Category 21 1-8 Total Energy Cost and Consumption, Before and After
Conservation (Detailed Buildings) 22 1-9 Energy Summary Data, Detailed Buildings 25 1-10 Extrapolated Energy Data, Walk-thru Buildings 26 1-11 Project Summary Totals 29
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope of Work
IES Engineers was contracted by the Savannah District of the US Army Corps of Engineers in July 1986 to perform a complete energy audit and analysis of forty-three dining facilities at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The essential elements of the Scope of Work (SOW) are listed below. The majority of the buildings are permanent structures with a remaining useful life of over 25 years. Five of the buildings are temporary structures which are expected to remain in use for at least ten years.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF WORK: The Architect-Engineer (AE) shall:
1. Perform a complete energy Audit and Analysis of the dining facilities.
2. Identify all Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) including low cost/no cost ECOs and perform complete evaluations of each.
3. Prepare programming documentation [DD 1391, Life Cycle Cost Analysis Summary Sheet with backup calculations and Project Development Brochure (PDB)] for any Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP) projects.
4. Prepare implementation documentation for all justifiable energy conservation opportunities.
5. List and prioritize all recommended Energy Conservation Opportun i t i es.
6. Prepare a comprehensive report which will document the work accomp1isned, the results and recommendations.
The project consisted of detailed audits of twenty dining facilities and "walk-through" audits of the remaining twenty- three buildings. The buildings are listed by number in Table 1-1. Per the SOW, the Building Loads Analysis and Systems Thermodynamics (BLAST) computer program was used to simulate existing energy consumption and to evaluate energy conservation opportunities (ECOs) in the buildings receiving detailed audits. "Walk-through" audits were then performed on the remaining buildings in order to determine which of the previously identified ECOs could be duplicated.
In addition to the energy audits, the SOW also called for the testing of solar domestic hot water systems in buildings C-4122 and H-5718, and ventilation studies in all of the "C" buildings.
Table 1-1. List of Dining Facilities Audited
Buildings Included in Detailed Audit
Building Sq ft Building Sq ft
C-4122 C-4422 C-6432 C-8344 C-8750 C-9349 C-7236 D-2626 D-3404 H-5718
4,850 4,850 4,850 4,850 5,050 •5,050 4,850
11,313 9,346
14,920
0-9013 P-3042 1-1242 4-1437 A-3275
AT-4622 AT-4632 AT-4686 MT-6115 8T-3849
4,800 7,857 3,168 7,500 5,608 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,375
13,400
Buildings Receiving Wa1k-through Audits
Building Sq ft Building Sq ft
C-3020 C -3027 C-3321 C-4120 C-4125 C-4424 C-4426 C-4428 C-5528 C-57 25 C-6525
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4. 4 4
850 850 850 850 850 850 850 850 850 850 850
C-7433 C-7634 C-8339 C-8541 C-6726 C-8438 D-2105 D-3039 D-3055 H-4842 2-1105 2-1138
4 4 4 4 4 4
11 11 11 14 3 3
,850 ,850 ,850 ,850 ,850 ,850 ,313 ,313 ,313 ,920 ,168 ,168
1.2 General Description of the Facilities
Refer to Table 1-1 for a listing of all of the facilities. The "C area" buildings (buildings with the C prefix) are all similar concrete block structures consisting of a dining facility connected to a three story barracks. The barracks portion of each building was not included in the SOW of this study. The buildings are of two types; type 64 and type 121, with the only difference being slight variations in the floor plan.
The "D" buildings are dining facilities serving the "D area barracks". The barracks portion of each building was not included in the SOW of this study. All of the buildings are identical brick ana block with the exception of D-3404. The floor plan and interior equipment of building D-3404 is slightly different from the other buildings.
Buildings H-4842 and H-5718 are relatively new dining facilities, The two buildings are similar brick and block buildings with slight variations in floor plans.
Building 0-9013 is a prefabricated metal building which serves as a classroom and dining facility at the Mott Lake Training Center. Tne classroom portion of the building was not included in the SOW of this study.
Building P-3042 is a concrete block structure which houses a warehouse and dining facility for Simmons Army Airfield. The warehouse portion of the building was not included in the SOW of th i s study.
Buildings 1-1242, 2-1105, and 2-1138 are three story brick and block structures which serve as military police barracks. Each building houses a kitchen and dining facility on the ground floor. The SOW of this study included only the dining area portion of the building.
Building 4-1437 is a relatively new brick and block structure, half of which serves as a dining facility and the remaining naif as storage and offices. The storage and offices are not part of the dining facility and were not included in the SOW of this study.
Buildings AT-4622, AT-4632, and AT-4686 are identical temporary wood frame dining facilities. The buildings have recently been covered with wall insulation and metal siding. Building MT-6115 is similar to these buildings with the only difference being a slight variation in size and the absence of new insulation and metal siding.
Building 8T-3849 is a large temporary wood frame structure serving as a dining facility. One dining room wing of the structure is currently used only periodically as a classroom, but was surveyed under this contract.
1.3 Present Energy Consumption
1.3.1 Total Annual Energy Used
The total estimated energy consumption of the detailed buildings audited,as predicted by the BLAST computer model is shown in Figure 1-1. The total energy cost including demand charges is estimated at $495,716. This assumes completion of all planned or ongoing projects. Figure 1-2 shows the total energy cost by fuel type.
1.3.2 Energy Consumption by Building
Table 1-2 lists the energy consumption and cost by fuel type for all detailed buildings audited. These costs include electric demand costs.
1.4 Energy Conservation Analysis
1.4.1 ECOs Investigated
All of the ECOs shown in the sample checklist (Table 1-3) on the following pages were investigated for each building in the SOW. Similar checklists for each building appear in the respective chapter for that building. A "Yes" means that the ECO seemed feasible in the field and was considered further. All those marked "Yes" are described in this report, although after further analysis some resulted in not being recommended. A "No" on the checklist indicates that the ECO was unfeasible as explained. A comparison of the SOW checklist and each of the building lists will show that many additional ECOs were investigated.
All of the ECOs were evaluated relative to the base case building simulations on BLAST. The BLAST runs were run interactively, i.e., assuming implementation of previously analyzed ECOs. The order of the BLAST runs is shown in Table 1-4. This order is based on the assumption that ECO's which will reduce the load on the HVAC equipment should be implemented before HVAC ECO's are implemented.
1.4.2 ECOs Recommended
Table 1-5 lists all ECOs recommended for the detailed and walk' through buildings in order of SIR. As indicated, the total installed cost is estimated to be $261,975 with a total annual savings of $110,880 for a payback of 2.4 years.
I.E.S. Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Figure 1-1.
TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF DETAILED BUILDINGS
BASED ON BLAST ANALYSIS
rr
o IT'-
CL. «
CD
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
/ / / // / 7 //////A y /■ / / / / .
KY///A
A ELECTRICITY FUEL OIL GAS
FUEL TYPE
Buildings Included in Detailed Audit
/ / / / //'
77777
v //// // / / / /
// 7 //,
VY/A . 7//// ,7
TOTAL
Building
C-4122 C-4422 C-6432 C-8344 C-8750 C-9349 C-7236 D-2626 D-3404 H-5718
Sq ft
4,850 4,850 4,850 4,850 5,050 5,050 4,850
11,313 9,346
14,920
Building Sq ft
0-9013 P-3042 1-1242 4-1437 A-3275
AT-4622 AT-4632 AT-4686 MT-6115 8T-3849
4 7 3 7 5 2 2 2 2,
13,
800 857 168 500 608 800 800 800 375 400
I.E.S. Mechanical anä Electrical Engineers Chapel Hill. North Carolina
Figure 1-2.
CALCULATED ANNUAL ENERGY COST 1987 OF DETAILED BUILDINGS
BASED ON BLAST ANALYSIS
500
ELECTRICrTY FUEL OIL GAS
FUEL TYPE
TOTAL
Buildings Included in Pet ailed Audit
k
Bui 1 ding
C-4122 C-4422 C-6432 C-8344 C-8750 C-9349 C-7236 D-2626 D-3404 H-5718
Sq ft
4,850 4,850 4,850 4,850
050 050 850 313 346 920
5 5. 4,
n; 14.
Building Sq ft
0-9013 P-3042 1-1242 4-1437 A-3275
AT-4622 AT -4632 AT-4686 MT-6115 8T-3849
4 7 3 7 5 2 2 2 2
13
,800 ,857 ,168 ,500 ,608 800 800 800 375 400
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Table 1-4. Order of Computer Runs to Account for Interaction
1) base case as observed during field investigation (including planned projects)
2) implement envelope ECOs 3) implement lighting ECOs 4) implement ECOs to miscellaneous equipment 5) implement HVAC ECOs
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1.4.3 ECOs Considered but not Recommended
Table 1-6 is a list of typical ECOs which were analyzed but were not found to be cost effective.
Table 1-6. Typical ECOs Not Recommended
ECO
F-7
F-8
G-3
G-4
D-l
A-32
Title
Waste Water Heat Recovery
Heat Pump Water Heater
Refrigerant Heat Recovery
Exhaust Heat Recovery
Double Pane Replacement Windows
Replace HVAC System
Reason Rejected
SIR < 1.0
SIR < 1.0
SIR < 1.0
SIR < 1.0
SIR < 1.0
SIR < 1.0
1.5 Energy and Cost Savings
Table 1-7 summarizes the ECO cost and dollar savings by type of building. As noted, the total cost of implementation is $261,975, with an energy savings of $43,795 and a non-energy savings of $67,085, for a payback of 2.4 years.
Table 1-8 summarizes the total annual energy cost and consumption by fuel type for the detailed buildings before and after energy conservation. Figures 1-3 and 1-4 also show energy cost and consumption before and after energy conservation for the detailed buildings.
Table 1-9 shows the energy consumption and cost per meal and per square foot for the detailed building. The consumption and cost per square foot data was extrapolated to similar walk-thru buildings to form Table 1-10. Figure 1-5 combines the calculated energy cost for the detailed buildings and the extrapolated cost for the walk-thru buildings to show the total energy cost before and after energy conservat ion.
1.6 Projects Developed
Table 1-11 summarizes the projects developed. Many ECOs listed in the ECO summary table (Table 1-5) have not been programmed; thus the totals for Table 1-9 are less than Table 1-5. These ECOs were not programmed because it was discovered at the Interim Presentation that they have been included in other ongoing projects or are no longer app1i cable.
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ENERGY CONSUMPTION BEFORE & AFTER OF DETAILED BUILDINGS
ELECTRICITY FUEL OIL CAS
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TOTAL
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Building Sq ft
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23
I.E.S. Mechanical ana Electrical Engineers Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Figure 1-4.
ENERGY COST BEFORE & AFTER OF DETAILED BUILDINGS
ELECTRICITY FUEL OIL GAS
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fc
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CM c: o =«fc •r- E
tv CO +-> TD
+-> O
CJ c o CO tv 4->
_i ••—> CO
et O tv tv r- i- O Z3
O CL. Q T3
f-
Q .. * Z tv et +-> o: o U3 z
27
I.E.S. Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Chapel Hill. North Carolina
Figure 1-5.
ENERGY COST BEFORE & AFTER (Includes All Buildings)
a iS
s! < -
12
U
I
OS
0,8
0.7 •
06
as -
0.4 -
0L3 -
02 -
0.1 -
0 -
/ / / / ' / / / /
////■.
/ / /. ' / / / /
v<^ / / /.
K////\\\\N
^XXX
ww /// //\\\\\
\, V \ V \ \ \ \ N
DETALED BLDGS
7T77:. / / / . / / / / / /
/ / / ,. \ \ \ \ / /
/ / /
' / .•' /' A-- ^ ////,■■.
/ /
~*—r—;"
/ / / /
. \ \ \ \ \ \ \. \
\ \
/ / / / V\'\ \ \ \l / / / / /-. \ \ \ \
'v \
-V-V \ \
\ \
WALK-THRU BLDGS
/ / / / ''' / / /\
' /
/ / / / /
,' / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / /\\ \\ / /' / / /y\ \\ ' / / / / . \\\V
\v ////v\\\\\ \ \ \ \
///AN / /
/ / / / / / / /
- / / / A. \ \ \ \ / / / / / / / \ \ \ \ '
"' ' V S. '>, "'
/ / / / /\ \\ \ \ / // / /\ \\\\ / s /■ / / / / /
' / / /
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ V
\ \ \ \ \ \
\
\ \ \ \->
/' AW \ \
. X \ \ \ \ \ \ S
ALL BLDGS
z BEFORE K3 AFTER
Notes
1) Data for Detailed Building? was h^sed on BLAST Analysis. 2) Data for Walk-thru Buildings was extrapolated for similar
detailed buildings.
t 28
L
Project #1 consists of Low Cost/No Cost ECOs. These are ECOs which will be completed with DEH funds, scheduled for 1988.
Project #2 has been programmed as a QRIP project for 1989.
Projects #3-7 do not qualify for any of the funding categories listed in the SOW (EC IP, QRIP, PECIP, OSD/PIF). Programming documentation similar to QRIP documents was completed for these projects for 1989, at the request of base personnel. These projects will be funded under other military programs.
29