energy storage - nations vital security and the life line for renewable energy technologies

8/3/2019 Energy Storage - Nations Vital Security And The Life Line for Renewable Energy Technologies

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N ations V ital Security&

The L ife Line For Renew ableE nergy Technologies

Dr. Najib [email protected]

CEPMLP

University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK

20 October 2011

Energy Storage
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Agenda

Introduction

Storage Technologies

Ideas and New Approaches

Conclusion


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Electricity Storage

Electricity Energy Electricity


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The Five Dimensions


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Energy Storage

When?


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The Sixth Dimension


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The Sixth Dimension


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Source: Bulk Energy Storage (BESO)

http://www.saltcavernstorage.com/images/stories/1.pdf

Image source: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.html
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.htmlhttp://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.htmlhttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Renewable Energy

Add Value

Security

Back-up

More Options

Cost Reduction


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Not constantExcess can be stored

High demand

Reduce power system loadsEfficiency and reliability

Renewable energy

Summary


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Bulk Energy Storage (BES)

Off-Peak electric large volume storage(Significant capacity in mwh) longer period of storage but with higher cost

Examples: Pumped storage hydro (PSH)Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

Distributed energy storage

Usually small in size and smaller energy storage capacity, short period ofstorage with lower voltage when it comes to transmission and distribution withlower capital cost than BES

Examples: BatteriesFlywheels

Capacitors


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Smart GridUsing Real-Time Information

Heal itselfEncourage consumers to participate in operations of the gridResist attack

Provide higher quality power that will save money wasted from outagesAccommodate all generation and storage optionsEnable electricity markets to flourishEfficientEnable higher penetration of intermittent power generation sources

Source: United States Department of Energy


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Smart GridUsing Real-Time Information

Enhanced cyber-securityHandling sources of electricity like wind and solar power

Integrating electric vehicles onto the grid

Source: United States Department of Energy


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Energy storage systems and typical applications

NAS = sodium sulfur; SMES = superconducting magnetic energy storage; UPS =uninterruptible power supply

Source: Gyuk 2002Gyuk, I. (2002), Energy Storage: A Distributed Energy Resource, U.S. Department of Energy


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Batteries

Grid Energy Storage(Large-scale energy storage grid e.g.8MW/32MWh)

Large transportable(e.g. 2MW/500kWh units)

Community Energy Storage(e.g. 25 to 50kW & 50 to 100kWh units)

Home Energy Storage Unit(e.g. 4kW/10kWh)

ExpensiveHigh maintenance costLimited life-spans(Crystals forming during the charge and discharge cycles)

1
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Examples

Flow Battery

SodiumSulfur Battery

(Grid Energy Storage)


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Flow Battery

Li-air batteries(Li-Ion)

REDOX (reduction-oxidation)

Image source: Metaefficient

Image Source: Argonne, USDE


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SodiumSulfur Battery (NaS)

Image source: NGK Insulators Ltd.
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Types

Alkaline dry cellsMercury cells

Silver oxide primary cellsLead-acid batteryNickel-iron battery (Alkaline cell)

Cadmium battery (Nickel-cadmium cell)Lithium-ion batteries (sometimes

abbreviated Li-ion batteries)

Nanowire lithium-ion batteryUltra capacitor

Sodium-sulfur (NaS) battery

Largest rechargeable battery 1,300 tons

Power for 7 minutes to 12,000 homes


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Compressed Air

3Mechanical Storage

Image Source: Sandia National Laboratories


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Images Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Leonardo-Flywheel.ogg

Flywheel

4

Mechanical Storage

Image Source: www humboldt edu/~serc
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Leonardo-Flywheel.ogghttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Leonardo-Flywheel.ogghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Leonardo-Flywheel.ogghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Leonardo-Flywheel.ogghttp://www.humboldt.edu/~serchttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.humboldt.edu/~serc


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Image Source: www.humboldt.edu/~serc

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Fuel Cycle

5
http://www.humboldt.edu/~serchttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.humboldt.edu/~serc


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Source: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.html
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.htmlhttp://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.htmlhttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Image Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity

Pumped water

6Mechanical Storage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricityhttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricityhttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Hydroelectric dam up-rating

7


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Image Source:http://www.itep.kit.edu/english/234.php

Superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)

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http://www.itep.kit.edu/english/234.phphttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.itep.kit.edu/english/234.phphttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Image Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energy_storage

Thermal

Ice or cool fluidused to reduce

electricity demand

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energy_storagehttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energy_storagehttp://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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Molten Salt

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Image source/cited: http://www.greentechmedia.com/green-light/post/real-solar-thermal-at-intersolar-383/


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Molten Salt

10

Source: United Technologies


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Source: www.storagealliance.org

Capacity
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/


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New Approaches


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Energy stored by bending/deformingThe energy released when the material returns to its original

shape


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Nanotechnology Approach

Nanotubes Springs

Carbon Nanotubes

compete with batteries for energy

storage


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Energy Stored within the internal

space of matter

e.g. Papers, clothes


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Earth Spin Generator


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Combining two (or more) of

the established energy storagesystems, i.e. creating a hybrid

energy storage system

A. Possible Approach


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Recycling energy outputLight

Lifts

Movement

B. Possible Approach


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C. Possible Approach

Forced arrangement of molecular

structures

-within the same matter or fromtwo different substances-


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D. Possible Approach

Using the sea water

movement resulted fromthe gravitational force of

the moon


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E. Possible Approach

Using falling rain water


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F. Possible Approach

Designing efficient

commercially viable photo-synthesis machine


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Storing Energy (molecular level)

1. Selecting a suitable substance

2. Creating identical copy of the internal structure via software

simulation3. Experimenting (molecular scale) using the above software

4. Replicating the same experiment on the actual sample (nano-scale)

Two Methodologies


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Market & Finance


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Is it the righttime to invest

inEnergyStorage?


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Conclusion

1.There is an urgent need for energy storage2. Renewable energy

3. Forecasting for energy demand is unpredictable4. Grid reliability5. During low demand (e.g. at night) energy stored

6. Smart grid7. Reduction in cost for power stations (reduction in annualpeaking requirements)


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Thank you for listening.

energy storage - nations vital security and the life line for renewable energy technologies

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