energy storage and its application in smart gridthis presentation will briefly: introduce the...
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Energy Storage and its Application in Smart Grid
Shijie ChengHuazhong University of Science and Technology
2011.3.26
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Contents
1. Introduction2. Applications of Energy Storage in
Smart Grid 3. Commonly Used Energy Storage
Techniques4. Examples5. Research Interests6. Conclusions
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1. Introduction
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Renewable energy, such as the wind power and/or solar power, can be fully used, so that the problems of energy crisis and climate change can be solved .
Improve efficiency, reliability and safety of power delivery and use
Benefits of the Smart Grid
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Large scale centralized utilization of the renewable energy is the main characteristic in China. Accordingly, wind power generation has got a rapid development in China in the recent years.
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Wind power development in China
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However, Random fluctuation, the inherent property existed in the wind power generation, presents difficulties for power system security operation.
Both the theoretical research and the experiment results show that the energy storage technique is able to provide significant contributions in overcoming such difficulties.
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This presentation will briefly:
Introduce the potential applications of the energy storage in smart grid,
summarize some commonly used energy storage techniques,
give a few examples and suggestions for the research of applying ES in smart grid.
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2. Applications of Energy Storage in Smart Grid
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wide Applications of ES in Smart Grid
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UPS/Ride through, energy purchase optimization, VAR support
voltage control, power quality,system reliability, asset utilization
TransmissionAnd
Distribution
energy management, peak generation, load following, load levelingGeneration
frequency response, spinning reserve,standby reserve, long term reserve
AncillaryServices
Renewable time shifting generation, control and integration, reserve
End–user
Applications of ES in Smart Grid(ESA classification)
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Providing active and reactive high power support, energy storage can be used in the energy management applications such as load leveling, peak shaving, load shifting and commodity storage where electricity storage technologies are used in daily cycles for economic gain.
Grid Energy Management Improvement
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By providing uninterrupted power supply (UPS), energy storage technologies can increasing power grid reliability.
Power Grid Reliability Increasing
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Providing “prompt” spinning reserve (or load) for mitigating load-generation imbalance with the energy storage of discharging real power for a duration up to 30 minutes, grid frequency excursion can be suppressed.
Grid Frequency Excursion Suppression
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Grid Angular Stability Enhancement
By the injection and the absorption of real power at periods of 1 to 2 seconds, energy storage technology has ability to keep all components in the system in synchronous with each other and prevent system collapse.
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Grid Voltage Stability Enhancement
By providing additional reactive power plus injection of real power for duration up to 2 seconds, energy storage technology has the ability to maintain the voltages of the generation and load ends within the normal values.
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By providing "ride-through" for momentary outages, and extended protection from longer outages, coupled with advanced power electronics, energy storage systems can reduce harmonic distortions, and eliminate voltage sags and surges. Power quality can then be improved.
Power Quality Improvement
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In combination with renewable resources, energy storage can increase the value of photovoltaic (PV) and wind-generated electricity, making supply coincident with consumer demands.
Renewable Support
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Energy storage can dispatch energy stored during off-peak or low cost times to manage demand on utility-sourced power.
Customer Energy Management
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3. Commonly Used Energy Storage Techniques
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Pumped hydroFlywheelCAES
Mechanical
BatteriesFuel cells
Electro-chemical
SMESCapacitorsSuper capacitors
Electrical
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Principle: Use up level water reservoir to store energy
Advantage: very large energy storageLong lifetime
Drawback: Slow response speedGeographic limitation
Applications: Energy management Frequency controlReserve provision
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage
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A Large pumped hydro energy storage
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Flywheels Energy Storage
Principle: Store energy in massive rotating cylinder
Advantage: Fast respond speed Long lifetimeLess maintenance cost
Drawback: Relatively small storage
Applications: Active and reactive stability control
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A High Speed Flywheel
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Principle: Use pre-compressed air to store energy, 40% less gas fuel for gas turbine generator
Advantage: Similar to pumped hydro
Drawback: Similar to pumped hydro
Applications: Similar to pumped hydro
Compress Air Energy Storage (CAES)
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A CAES Power Plant
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Batteries
Principle: Customer–side energy storage devices Vanadium Redox Flow (VRB) , NAS, Li-ion.
Advantage: Relatively large storageFast response speed
drawback: High cost, Short lifetime
Applications: Load leveling, Stability control,Voltage support
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Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB)
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Principle: Store energy in DC magnetic field.
advantage: Very high efficiencyFast response speedRelatively Long lifetime
drawback: Very high costRelated small storage
applications: Power quality improvementAngular stability controlVoltage support
Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES)
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A SMES system
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Principle: A new kind of energy storage device with very high capacitance, Thousands of times larger than that of the conventional capacitors.
advantage: High density energy storageFast response speed
drawback: Cost high, limited lifetimeapplications: Power quality
Stability controlVoltage support
Super Capacitor Energy Storage
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图
Super Capacitor
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Applications
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4. Examples
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100kJ/10kW Flywheel Energy Storage For Power System Stability Control
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System configuration
• large rotating inertia flywheel energy storage
• doubly-fed induction generator
• rectifier-inverter pair• monitoring and
control system
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• Rated power PN =4kW, • Stator rated voltage UsN=380V, f=50Hz, • Number of pole pairs p=3, Synchronous speed
n1=1000rpm, Rated speed nN =976.2rpm, • Range of slip -0.5<s<0.5, • Rated power factor φN=0.816, • Stator resistance Rs =1.5818 Ω, • Rotor resistance Rr=1.4797 Ω, • Stator inductance Lsσ=0.00855H,
Mutual inductance Lm=0.31395H, • Moment of inertia J=19kg.
Parameter of the prototype
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Dynamic Operation Characteristic Tests
Diagram of the test system
dcu au2bu2
cu2
2L ai2
bi2
ci2
oauobu
ocu
1L
1CA BC
aibici
dciLi
n
R
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P regulation Q regulation
Power Regulation Test
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Dynamic Response Test•
•• P ramp time is less than 100ms and Q less than 60ms.
•• The response is sensitive.
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Bi-directional regulation Test
•• The prototype can realize rapid regulation of active power and reactive power in bi-directions
• • The prototype has met the design requirement on power regulation for improving the grid stability
sub-synchronous super-synchronous
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Damping The Power System Oscillation Test
Parameters of the test power system • SgN =5kVA, PgN =4kW, φgN=0.8, Xgd=0.666p.u., Xgd’=0.126p.u.,
Xgd”=0.063p.u., RL1 =1.26 Ω, RL2 =1.26 Ω, XL1 =17.45 Ω, XL2 =17.45 Ω,• Grid voltage 800V, Grid Frequency 50Hz, • Transformer 1 turns ratio 220:800, Transformer 2 turns ratio 220:380
G
F FPC
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Test Results
Ps
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 52
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
t(s)
Pg(
kW)
without FPCwith FPC
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 52.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
t(s)
Pl(k
W)
without FPCwith FPC
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
t(s)
P(k
W)
Pr P•• the FPC prototype can effectively damp
out power system oscillation
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35kJ/7kW Conduct Cooling High Temperature SMES
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System configuration
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Laboratory Test system
A Single Machine Infinite Bus Power System with SMES
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Laboratory Environment Test Results
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Laboratory Environment Test Results
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Movable Conduction-cooling HT-SMES for Field Test
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Field Test System
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System Response with 3-Phase Fault
Field Test Results
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5. Research Interests
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Development of high performance energy storage device
Development of advanced energyconversion technique and equipment
Development of effective energy management system for smart grid
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6. Conclusions
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Application of energy storage technology provides multiple benefits to the smart grid leading to two important goals: effectively using the energy sources and reducing the environment impact of power system. More attention should be given to it.
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Thank You for your attention !
Questions or comments ?