SECTORS AND SOURCES OF ENERGYSECTORS AND SOURCES OF ENERGY The major energy sectors in Pakistan are The major energy sectors in Pakistan are

domestic, commercial, industrial, domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, transport and other agricultural, transport and other government consumption sector.government consumption sector.

Domestic consumption has been rising at Domestic consumption has been rising at the highest rate of approximately 9%.the highest rate of approximately 9%.

Commercial, industrial and transport Commercial, industrial and transport consumption have also been expanding by consumption have also been expanding by 2.8, 3.8 and 4.6%, respectively.2.8, 3.8 and 4.6%, respectively.

However, agriculture and other However, agriculture and other government sectors have been shrinking government sectors have been shrinking in energy consumption by 7.1 and 1.4%. in energy consumption by 7.1 and 1.4%.

MAIN ENERGY SOURCES IN MAIN ENERGY SOURCES IN PAKISTANPAKISTAN

The main energy sources in Pakistan The main energy sources in Pakistan are oil, gas, LPG, coal, are oil, gas, LPG, coal, hydroelectricity and nuclear hydroelectricity and nuclear electricity.electricity.

The annual growth rate during 2000-The annual growth rate during 2000-01 was observed to be 6.55%.01 was observed to be 6.55%.

The primary energy supplies in The primary energy supplies in Pakistan during this period have Pakistan during this period have been the following:been the following:

No.

Source TOE"

1 Oil 19,320,6112 Gas 18,410,0073 LPG 143,5144 Coal 2,009,5525 Hydroelectri

city4,104,123

6 Nuclear Electricity

476,714

  Total 44,464,522

What is TOE?What is TOE? Tonnes of Oil EquivalentTonnes of Oil Equivalent (TOE) is the (TOE) is the

basic unit for expressing all forms of basic unit for expressing all forms of energy. It is based on the British Themal energy. It is based on the British Themal Unit (Btu) content or the potential to Unit (Btu) content or the potential to produce heat in the respective energy produce heat in the respective energy form.form.

A TOE = one tonne of indigenous crude oilA TOE = one tonne of indigenous crude oil = = 41.895 million Btu41.895 million Btu

The total energy consumed in Pakistan in The total energy consumed in Pakistan in the year 2000-01 was 25.26 million TOE the year 2000-01 was 25.26 million TOE which was 0.11% less than the previous which was 0.11% less than the previous year. year.

However, in the same period, primary However, in the same period, primary commercial energy supplies increased by commercial energy supplies increased by 4.8% to 44.5 million TOE. 4.8% to 44.5 million TOE.

Among the various energy sub-sectors; Among the various energy sub-sectors; natural gas increased by 7%, oil by 3.7% natural gas increased by 7%, oil by 3.7% and nuclear showed a five-fold increase, and nuclear showed a five-fold increase, whereas, electricity generation declined by whereas, electricity generation declined by 8.9%.8.9%.

ENERGY IN PAKISTANENERGY IN PAKISTAN

OIL AND GASOIL AND GAS There were a total of 526 exploratory There were a total of 526 exploratory

wells and 679 development wells as wells and 679 development wells as of July 2001 for both oil and gas. of July 2001 for both oil and gas. There were a total of 142 There were a total of 142 discoveries; 57 for oil and 85 for gas, discoveries; 57 for oil and 85 for gas, giving a success rate of 1:3.6 and an giving a success rate of 1:3.6 and an exploration density of one well per exploration density of one well per 1573 km2. 1573 km2.

OIL AND GASOIL AND GAS The year 2000-01 witnessed drilling of 18 The year 2000-01 witnessed drilling of 18

new exploratory wells for oil and gas. Oil new exploratory wells for oil and gas. Oil production was 57,762 barrels per day on production was 57,762 barrels per day on an average, which was 3.7% more than an average, which was 3.7% more than the previous year. Import of petroleum the previous year. Import of petroleum products declined by 15.7%, while that of products declined by 15.7%, while that of crude oil increased by 58.3%. This was crude oil increased by 58.3%. This was mainly due to the commissioning of the mainly due to the commissioning of the Pak-Arab Refinery. Oil consumption Pak-Arab Refinery. Oil consumption declined by 0.8% in 2000-01 compared to declined by 0.8% in 2000-01 compared to the earlier year.the earlier year.

In 2000-01, the average natural gas In 2000-01, the average natural gas production was 2,398 million cubic production was 2,398 million cubic feet per day which was 7.2% higher feet per day which was 7.2% higher than the previous year. On the than the previous year. On the consumption side, natural gas consumption side, natural gas witnessed a growth of 8.3%.witnessed a growth of 8.3%.

Pakistan has vast coal reserves i.e. Pakistan has vast coal reserves i.e.

4.35 billion tones of measured 4.35 billion tones of measured reserves and 12.43 billion tones of reserves and 12.43 billion tones of indicated reserves. However, coal indicated reserves. However, coal production declined by 2.3% to production declined by 2.3% to register 3.09 million tones in 2000-register 3.09 million tones in 2000-01. The consumption in the same 01. The consumption in the same year was 4.04 million tones.year was 4.04 million tones.

Of the 4.35 billion tones (BT) of measured Of the 4.35 billion tones (BT) of measured reserves; 4.249 BT are located in Sindh, 0.053 BT reserves; 4.249 BT are located in Sindh, 0.053 BT in Balochistan, 0.048 BT in Punjab and trace in Balochistan, 0.048 BT in Punjab and trace amounts in NWFP. amounts in NWFP.

Thar, Lakhra and Jherruck have the three largest Thar, Lakhra and Jherruck have the three largest reserves with 3,752, 244 and 106 million tones of reserves with 3,752, 244 and 106 million tones of coal and a high degree of geologic assurance. coal and a high degree of geologic assurance. Although Thar is a huge reserve but its heating Although Thar is a huge reserve but its heating value is between 6,223 - 10,288 Btu/lb, which is value is between 6,223 - 10,288 Btu/lb, which is relatively little. Moreover, the seam thickness relatively little. Moreover, the seam thickness (0.25-12.58 metres) is also uneconomical in some (0.25-12.58 metres) is also uneconomical in some areas. The Government of Pakistan plans to areas. The Government of Pakistan plans to develop the Thar Coal Project during 2005-2012 develop the Thar Coal Project during 2005-2012 by investing 53,375 million rupees and Lakhra by investing 53,375 million rupees and Lakhra Coal Project during 2003-2009 by investing an Coal Project during 2003-2009 by investing an amount of 27,450 million rupees.amount of 27,450 million rupees.

During 2000-01, 68,117 Gwh electricity was During 2000-01, 68,117 Gwh electricity was produced showing an increase of 3.6% over the produced showing an increase of 3.6% over the last year.last year.

Generation was 71.8% by thermal source, 25.3% Generation was 71.8% by thermal source, 25.3% by hydel and 2.9% by nuclear source.by hydel and 2.9% by nuclear source.

On the consumption side, 6.6% growth was On the consumption side, 6.6% growth was observed to give a total figure of 48,585 Gwhobserved to give a total figure of 48,585 Gwh

The electricity installed capacity in 2000-01 was The electricity installed capacity in 2000-01 was 17,457 MW. 17,457 MW.

The total power losses in the country in 2000-01 The total power losses in the country in 2000-01 were 25.4%.were 25.4%.

WAPDA and KESC contributed 22.3% and 36.9%, WAPDA and KESC contributed 22.3% and 36.9%, respectively.respectively.

Pakistan is moving towards a market-Pakistan is moving towards a market-based economy. This is indicated by based economy. This is indicated by the deregulation of furnace oil prices the deregulation of furnace oil prices on July 01, 2000 and exactly one on July 01, 2000 and exactly one year later, on July 01, 2001 by the year later, on July 01, 2001 by the deregulation of petroleum product deregulation of petroleum product prices. prices.

Development in the energy sector has Development in the energy sector has been progressing. been progressing.

The Pak-Arab Refinery was commissioned The Pak-Arab Refinery was commissioned in 2001 with 4.5 million tones refining in 2001 with 4.5 million tones refining capacity per year.capacity per year.

The Chashma Nuclear Power Plant was The Chashma Nuclear Power Plant was commissioned in September 2001 with an commissioned in September 2001 with an installed capacity of 325 MW. installed capacity of 325 MW.

A Feasibility Study for the raising of A Feasibility Study for the raising of Mangla Dam has also been initiatedMangla Dam has also been initiated