energy exchange 2015 track 3 session 3: high performance buildings operations

Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona

Session 3: Building Management and Operations for Performance and Efficiency

Track 3: Energy Technologies

Shanti Pless, Senior Energy Efficiency Research Engineer National Renewable Energy Laboratory

August 11, 2015

Lets Review

• I have a new net zero energy building that meets the Executive Orders – now what? – Year 3 in our own net zero operations efforts in

the Research Support Facility at NREL – Real Performance for Real Buildings

Our Net Zero Effort

NREL/DOE Research Support Facility

Location: Golden, CO Primary Use: Office Size: 360,000 ft2

Occupants: Approximately 1,325 LEED Rating: Platinum Construction Cost: $254/ft2 Energy Budget: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr Site Net Zero Energy Goal: Offices, datacenter, and parking with on-site PV and campus wood chip boiler End use metering as required in RFP

Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)

First year at Net Zero!

http://www.nrel.gov/news/features/feature_detail.cfm/feature_id=11369

Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Occupant Impact

Images: Dennis Schroeder, NREL

Occupants influence about 30% of total energy consumption


RSF Performance Targets

Pie Chart: Chad Lobato, NREL; Graphic: Marjorie Schott, NREL, and Stockphoto


Building Agent

Graphics: Nicholas Long, NREL

6 watt task light 50 fc

Ambient daylight

Ambient lighting with daylight sensors for 25 fc

MANAGER TRAINING NEWSLETTER

MOVE MEETINGS

STAFF OPEN HOUSE

RSF EMAIL BOX

WEB PAGE

You have switches – use them

If you open a window – close it

If you are stuffy – open your window

If you have a glare issue – pull your shade

Turn on your power strip in the morning


Effective Visualization?

What does this tell us?


Building Agent Dashboard

Graphic Design: Marjorie Schott, NREL

What about this?


On Track Today – mostly.. (08:15 am MST 8/11/15)


Creating Expectations

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Upper Expectation

Measured Performance Lower Expectation

Expectations combine statistical and physical energy models


Modeling Consumption

Vertical Irradiance (W/m2)

LPD

(W/m

2)

Statistical Models Lighting

Physical Models PV Generation

Combined Models Plug Loads

Henze, G.P.; Pless, S.; Petersen, A.; Long, N.; Scambos, T. (2015). “Control limits for building energy end use based on frequency analysis and quantile regression." Energy Efficiency, published online. DOI: 10.1007/s12053-015-9342-6


Fault Detection Example: Daylighting

Lighting higher than expected

Lighting out of range despite full daylighting potential

Root Cause: Daylighting controls overridden during repair of ballast and fixtures; controls weren’t reset

6-Nov-2013 6-Nov-2013


Fault Detection Example: Lighting Controls

Lighting load is too high in evening hours (6–10 PM)

Response: Reduce auto-off delays; staff outreach; lessons learned for future lighting system design

Multiple Causes: Cleaning staff, individuals working late

1-Jan-2014 5-Apr-2014

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Is it OFF?

Credit: Jennifer Scheib/NREL


Fault Detection Example: Air Handler

Solution: Installation of new evaporative cooling unit to meet local demand, enabling the AHU to turn off at night

Problem: Large AHU on all night: manually overridden to provide air and cooling to a few night shift security employees

16-Aug-2013

7-Oct-2013


Fault Detection Example: PV Inverter Offline

PV output too low. Why?

Time series suggests inverter outage; offline inverter confirmed via vendor web portal and repair dispatched

20-Mar-2015 20-Mar-2015


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Production Tracking


• Have run 1.15 - 1.35 PUE • Fully containing hot aisle difficult

• Custom aisle floor and door seals • Ensure equipment designed for hot

aisle containment

• 100 kW datacenter load in 2010 • 141 kW January 2015 • Decommissioned older servers • Ensured highest efficiency possible

power supplies • Continued consolidation • 123 kW June 2015

Can a Datacenter Use Less Energy Over Time?

NR

EL/P

IX 1

7897

Cre

dit:

Mar

jorie

Sch

ott/N

REL


• Fix PV faults as soon as they are found – 12% improvements possible

• Continued datacenter metric tracking – 1.15 PUE and total 120 kW goals

• Lighting controls commissioning – Occupancy sensors, daylighting set points

• Wood chip boiler controls improvements – Over 50% natural gas savings planned

• Additional PV planned • More thin clients All while trying to fit in another 100 occupants…

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Plan to return to net positive

High Performance Building Operators

Owners/Operators

Jim Dewey, City of Santa Barbara

John Elliott, UC Merced

Matt Ellis, Army

Jake Gedvilas, NREL

Rodney Martin, NASA

Scott Poll, NASA

Len Pettis, California State University

Kevin Rodgers, University of Chicago

Jason Sielcken, GSA

Darrell Smith, Microsoft

Scott Williams, Target

Designers and Energy Consultants

Porus Antia, Stantec

Matt Ganser, Carbon Lighthouse

Rob Peña, University of Washington and the Integrated Design Laboratory

Zack Rogers, Daylighting Innovations

Phil Saieg, McKinstry

Resources

• General HPB operations process linked by project phase • Present a storyline for all HPB

operations key actions (above and beyond current practice)

• Unique sections for topics that create a base recipe that can be used by all HPB owners and building types

• Examples of unique lessons given to generate motivation and confidence to take action • Setting and requiring energy targets • Procuring an EIS • Procuring MELs • Datacenters • Occupancy and occupant feedback • Closing the loop with action plans

https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1913

Preparing for HPB Operations

Thanks and Questions • Shanti Pless • [email protected]

• www.nrel.gov/rsf

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mailto:[email protected]

energy exchange 2015 track 3 session 3: high performance buildings operations

Engineering