Energy efficiency: What innovative solutions are available to reduce losses?

Dr. Katsutoshi TodaFellow, Grid Aggregation Division and Special Corporate Advisor

Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation

Japan

CHALLENGES FACING IN AFRICA “T & D” SECTOR

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Challenges

High

T & D Losses

Low Electrification

Rate

Vandalism

Lack of Funds

Innovative Solutions To Overcome Challenges in Africa T & D Sector

High

T & D Losses

To use Energy Efficient Amorphous Transformers in order to reduce Distribution losses in the T & D network

Vandalism

To use Gas Insulated Transformers in order to overcome Vandalism , as there is no copper and oil inside

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Transformer is the 2nd largest contributor

to T & D loss (2-3%) . A distribution

transformer is one of the last equipment in

supply chain of electricity to the

consumers.

Electricity Power Flow from Generation to Distribution

AMORPHOUS METAL CORE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

Why Amorphous Metal for Transformers?

Hysteresis Loss:Random molecular structure of amorphous metal

causes less friction than SiFe when a magnetic field

is applied. This unique property which allows ease of

magnetization & demagnetization significantly lowers

hysteresis losses in amorphous metals.

Eddy Current Loss:

Amorphous metals have very thin laminations. Thin

laminations result in lower eddy current losses ascompared to Si Fe.

Low Hysteresis and Low Eddy Current losses leads to Significant Reduction in

No Load Loss

Features and Benefits of Amorphous Trfs

Why Amorphous Transformers are Energy Efficient and Eco Friendly?

• Guaranteed Savings Potential in losses over lifetime through reduced No Load Losses.

• Low Life Cycle Cost (or) Low Total Owning Cost

• Reduction in T & D losses is equivalent to saving in Power Generation.

• Saving in Power Generation leads to reduced co2 emissions.

Typical Loss Comparison of Energy Efficient Transformers

(AMDT Vs CRGO):

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Rating(KVA)

CRGO AMDTReduction(%)

NLL (W) NLL (W) NLL

50 90 52 42%

100 145 90 38%

200 310 155 50%

315 440 245 44%

630 600 370 38%

1000 770 470 39%

TTDI’s Supply Record of AMDT’s across the globe:

Africa Region Europe RegionAsia Pacific

RegionSouth America

Region

Nigeria Italy India Chile

Uganda United Kingdom Bangladesh Brazil

Mauritius Sweden Philippines Peru

Ghana Romania Australia Uruguay

Ethiopia Spain Malaysia -----

Seychelles Finland ----- -----

Tunisia ----- ----- -----

Savings in Power Generation Capacity, Money and Carbon Emissions

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Energy savings & Payback calculations by using

Amorphous Core Distribution Transformers

Energy Savings--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rating

CIF Price in USD

(for explanation purpose only)

Extra Investment on

Amorphous Transformers

(USD)CRGO Amorphous

100 kVA, 11/0.420kV 2705 3000 295

Losses CRGO (W) Amorphous (W)

NLL (W) 175 60

LL (W) 1315 1195

NLL Saved

(W )

LL Saved

(W )

Annual Savings in kWh

(Watts x LLF x 8760 Hrs)/1000

Annual Savings

in USD

Due to NLL

with LLF 1.0

Due to LL with

LLF 0.5*Total kWh

@unit kWh= 0.08

USD

115 120 1007.40 526.60 1533 122.64

Payback Calculations--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No. of

Years

Extra investment

on Purchase of

One Amorphous

Transformer

(AMDT)

(USD)

Interest

on extra investment

@ X% per

year

Energy cost

$/kWh

Cost of

energy saved

for

kWh/year

Extra

investment

(principal)

carried forward

Remarks

10.25% 0.08 2212.00

1 295.00 30.23 $ 0.08 122.64 202.60

Payback

Starts from

3rd

year

2 202.60 20.77 $ 0.08 122.64 100.72

3 100.72 10.32 $ 0.08 122.64 (11.59)

4 (11.59) -1.19 $ 0.08 122.64 (135.42)

5 (135.42) -13.88 $ 0.08 122.64 (271.94)

6 (271.94) -27.87 $ 0.08 122.64 (422.45)

Net Present Value (NPV) of Cost of Energy saved = USD 1,090.00** Transformer life assumed is 25 years.

Number of years

Ex

tra S

avin

gs

earn

ed

by u

sin

g A

mo

rph

ou

s T

rfs

Extra Savings earned by using Amorphous

Cost of Energy Saved

Extra Savings Earned by using Amorphous Transformers (USD)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Energy Efficient Solutions with Amorphous Transformer

Option-1: Amorphous Transformer with Aluminum Winding

Option-2: Amorphous Transformer with Ester Oil

Energy Efficient Amorphous Transformer

with Aluminum winding

Aluminium is the third most abundant element of

the Earth’s crust

Future of Electrical Industry, due to scarcity of

Copper

Option for Reusability and Recyclable for Kitchen

Utensils, Vehicle parts & Aluminum cans.

Lesser Price Fluctuation

Aluminium costs a lot less than copper and thus

brings commercial advantages.

• Aluminium has a very thin layer of oxides on the

surface, which stops air and water getting to the

metal, resisting corrosion.

The higher resistivity of aluminium gives

inherently lower eddy losses in the windings. This

mitigates the risk for hot spots

Advantages of Aluminum

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Amor+Al

Low Losses

Energy Efficient

Environment

FriendlyEconomical

Recyclable

Benefits of Amorphous with Aluminium

Energy Efficient Amorphous Transformer with Ester Oil

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Ester OilAmorphous Transformer

Energy Efficient, Low Loss, Environmental Friendly and Long Life Transformer

• Saving in No-Load losses leads to significant reduction in T & D losses.

• Saving in Power Generation capacity leads to reduced Co2 emissions.

• Low Life Cycle Cost

Increased fire safety

Environmentally Friendly

Increased Transformer life/overloading capability

Amorphous Ester Oil

Benefits of Amorphous with Ester Oil-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GAS INSULATED TRANSFORMERS (GIT)

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Why Gas Insulated for Transformers?

To overcome Vandalism

No Copper Inside

No Oil Inside

Oil Insulated

Transformers

Gas Insulated

Transformers

Dry Type

Transformers

Efficiency High High Low

Dimensions Low Low High

Weight Low Low High

Cost 1 unit 1.5 unit 2.5 unit

Environment

Friendlyless High High

Safety levels Less High High

Outdoor suitability High High Low

Advantages of Gas Insulated Transformers--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

We would like to hear from you. We are here.

Corporate office & works:

Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems (India) Pvt. LtdRudraram village, Patancheru Mandal, Sangareddy District

Telangana state, India. PIN 502329.

Tel: +91 40 3071 2222

Fax: +91 40 3071 7370

Email : exports@toshiba-ttdi.com

Website: www.toshiba-ttdi.com

TTDI in Hyderabad, India

Thank you !