energy crisis - ukexpo

8/9/2019 Energy Crisis - UKexpo

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DUMARGNE EmilienLAURENT Louis

Energy Crisis

The Earth is here for lit this match and it burns its own source with us Source : editing by ourselves

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1/ PrefaceMore and more technologies appear today and it are use for look for new energy form

and energy creater (machine). Lots of technology like aeolien, nuclear plan, photovoltac (solarpanel) or biofuel are developped because now there are a energy crisis . Moreover theproblem of ecology don't give back more easy the answer for this crisis but amplify it and evenmore, it pass in first in minds. We'll be interested to this subject, In first, what are the differentproblems and today's answers ? And in a second time, beyond the ecologic problem there is

something else ?

2/ Where is the Energy Crisis today ?2.1/ Two main problems

The first problem are the green house effect .The green house effect is the naturalfact in Earth where the atmosphere is made up of several layers of gases. The sun givesradiation (light and hotter) that travel through the atmosphere and reach the Earth. The rays ofthe sun warm the Earth, and heat from the Earth then travels back into the atmosphere. Somegases (called greenhouse gases) in the atmosphere stop some of the heat from escaping intospace. This effect is called greenhouse because it works the same way as a greenhouse :

The windows of a greenhouse play the same role as the gases in the atmosphere, keeping someof the heat inside.

Diagram of the GreenhouseSource : http://envis.tropmet.res.in/kidscorner/KidsCornerImg/greenhouse/GreenhouseEffect.jpg

The most important problem of green house effect is his augentation due to the humanactivity. Like we can see in the above picture : deforestation, petrol engines and factory whoreject pollutant (ex : carbon dioxide ), More, the simply fact to breath or eat pollutes (ex :methane). Scientists tell that it provoke the augmentation of temperature on Earth and this is a

catastrophy.

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The second problem is the rarefaction of natural materials that are used as energy source.Northern countries depend more and more raw materials (oil, copper, uranium ...) for theirindustry and their development. The chart below shows the import of oil by the United Statesfrom 1950 to 2003.

Curve representing the U.S. oil purchasesSource : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Imported_Crude_Oil_as_a_Percent_of_US_Consumption_1950-2003.jpg

We see that the number of barrel continues to rise since 1950. The trend today is toincrease the take of the barrel because there are more and more demand and there is few new

mineable. Oil and one of the most important raw material for all the economies in develop.One might add that in countries with a nuclear power like France, it adds a dependency on allimport of materials required for the reactors (uranium, plutonium ...) it may have multipledependencies in a single country . Nevertheless, we can note that a country with a nuclearpower has a certain autonomy and more energy this technology does not increase thegreenhouse effect phenomenon.

In conclusion we can say that these two problems, one has the industrialization of the North andthe other environmental form what we call the "energy crisis".

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2.2/ Many solution about these problemsFor reduce the greenhouse effect there are many solution who was made to the end

of 60's, because at this time, we used increasingly as oil, coal and gas. Alternative methodsbegan to appear because the price of these fuels increased a lot and also requires them.

The Electricity was "democratized" and it was used increasingly in commonplace, but primarysource were most of polluting fossil. The first production without these materials has been the

establishment of hydroelectric dams to provide power using an inexhaustible source: water andthis was free for most countries with just a big enough river to do it. This technology alsoresponded to only one environmental problem because although it does not emit CO2 or otherpolluer gases, but they can destroyed biological samples that can be very important for region.However the performance point of view, the first power plants were not very efficient and robustwho is slows the growth of this source of electricity.

Hoover dam (Colorado USA)Source : http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/images/hoover1.jpg

Second, nuclear power plants are coming. When they answer to need without actuallydoing it, but yes on the environmental issue (no emission of CO2 compared to the hydroelectricpower it does not destroy the biological, or little).Yet, they not answer the problem of supplymaterials, because they need material to work. For a plant to operate it must have uranium andother radioactive elements.

Chooz nuclear plant (Ardennes FRANCE)Source : http://www.phys.lsu.edu/doublechooz/pix/pix.html

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They are now mostly imported from Africa that has a sufficient reserve for the moment ;countries are dependent if they have not themselves any minimal source these materials, itaccentuates the increase in their price, scarcity for certain items. There is also the fact who isnuclear power plant poses a risk which is low but greater than the destruction of a dam at thelevel of damage in the long term if it have prblems, but also the storage of these materialswhen used is very poorly made, very little is reused as far as fossil fuels does not reduce the"Energy Crisis .

The latter and the most recent is that of recycling and renewable materials and energy, itbrings together many groups of subjects and this for different uses. In agriculture for example,we take various wastes for composting: a natural fertilizer that does not require to transform themineral and incorporated it into products and also produces no harmful effect on theenvironment. This significantly reduces the consumption of mineral materials.

In another area or it is much more visible in the industry and electricity generation. The wastecoming out of a factory have a "second life" where they are used for something else. Forexample old plain when they are crushed at the end of life are then used in construction. Orbetter organic waste are burned in huge furnace to produce energy. In these two cases we did

with what we have already used once, so why not several times. This way there is a reduction inthe use of materials and fossil fuels to produce energy.

Recycled tires for a roofingSource : http://mudwoman.wordpress.com/2007/11/17/another-sustainable-cottage/

In another area or it is much more visible in the industry and electricity generation. The wastecoming out of a factory have a "second life" where they are used for something else. Forexample old plain when they are crushed at the end of life are then used in construction. Orbetter organic waste are burned in huge furnace to produce energy. In these two cases we didwith what we have already used once, so why not several times. This way there is a reduction inthe use of materials and fossil fuels to produce energy.

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Do not forget renewable energy too ! It does not pollute and can request that this matterand for their construction. They use unlimited energy sources like hydroelectric plants: the airfor wind and solar energy given by the light to the photovoltaic panels. Both energy productionwhich significantly reduce its consumption of other materials and other energy source thanelectricity because they were built, their development and their maintenance are very simple.But these technologies are not yet highly profitable in terms of energy, production is low,moreover eolien there is production of a visual and aural pollution and solar panels to lack ofspace and a correct position (in height and where there is more light).

Presentation of eolien and solar panelSource : http://ecogrp.com/blog2/?p=28

In the end we can say that new technologies and we are talking only renewable energy(wind, solar, water and recycling) will develop in the coming years and provide electricity to the

rank of first energy respecting both the Environment and using an excessively small amount ofmaterial. As we watch the two graphs below, left the situation today where renewable energy asmost use as nuclear and left the fall phenomenal use of raw materials and fuels in the future. Allthis has lead to a disappearance of the "energy crisis".

Future of EnergySource : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EIA2007_f4.jpg and

http://www.courtfool.info/images/Turning_point/en_Energy_Use_By_Source.GIF

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3/ Other problems who doesn't help to reduce Energy Crisis 3.1/ Economic problems

One important thing: the industrialized countries are dependent on oil, and efforts torestrict the supply of oil would have a negative effect on the economies of oil producingcountries. This and the import can only increase if there is no alternative.

The "ecologic revolution" can not develop so easily in the economies of countries, but onlygradually, because, first, whether the trade of primary resources and energy are more limited itis necessary to "destroy" exhibition like London for the price of raw materials or even above thatof New York. Today, another crisis has emerged that the "financial crisis" which is already takemany in the red, it has significantly curb the willingness of people to move quickly to change,but rather to regulate in long term.

Regular gasoline pricesSource : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gcprrets.gifOn the other hand as shown in the chart above, for the consumer, the price of natural gas, gasolineand diesel for cars and other vehicles rises, it is positive only for operators, ie minorities and createan even stronger economic disparity between countries and the energies.All this leads to the final directly affect the industry, particularly automobile as we present thegraph below, where there is a drop in sales of light trucks that consume more compared to cars.

Market share of cars versus light trucksSource : http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/88xx/doc8893/01-14-GasolinePrices.pdf

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3.2/ Sociologic problemsThe concept of "Energy Crisis" was emerged out of a social process and is a metaphor

linked to a sequence of recent events. First, emphasize certain aspects and obscure otheraspects of events to which it refers in History. When compared to the historical events, thismetaphor has obscured the role of government and the oil industry in the development ofpolicies of petroleum consumption and dependency on imports while emphasis has been placedon the role of the consumer.

The success of the metaphor can be seen both in the usage of the metaphor in political debatesand the unwillingness of people to question the reality of the crisis or to consider changes in theinstitutions of energy. Explanations of a new awareness of the depletion of non-renewableresources do not adequately explain the success of the metaphor. The success of the metaphormay have some positive value but a number of negative effects are also occurring.

US survey respondents were willing to pay more for a plug-in hybrid carSource : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Vehicle_Purchase_Preference.svg

Even if the collective consciousness tends today to reduce the use of resources, astronger economy and a healthier environment, it is nevertheless very difficult to convey themessage to all categories of the population as compared to their situation, their beliefs andpolitical opinions they are organized differently facing this metaphor of the "energy crisis".

The chart above shows that buying a hybrid car or just preparation for this purchase but,reprensent only 50%. Others do not know what a hybrid car or do not believe change will begood because a hybrid car is more expensive, or there is less choice, or that they don't takecare of environment, or they are not afraid of an increase in this crisis ... In any case it isunderstandable that such a change can not be truly assimilated fast by the population :generations since post-World War II did not live with this vision of energy conservation, but inthat of consumption, but only new generations who share the desire for change.

4/ Punch line"Energy Crisis" Is a compilation of fact most following : the "greenhouse effect", the

limited resources of raw materials on Earth, the "financial crisis", economic problems, disparitiesin development between countries (level geographical) as well as problems related to cultureand society in a population. Finally, this crisis does not seem temporary, and that despite theseproblems this significants changes are required because it must for future generations thatthere is no energy problems, equipment, weather and health. One wonders how the governmentcould consider such a program for "upgrade" their country ?

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Text Sources - Bibliography

Wikipedia :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis Congress of the united states congressional budget office :

http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/88xx/doc8893/01-14-GasolinePrices.pdf

WTRG Economics : http://www.wtrg.com/EnergyCrisis/index.html Telegraph :http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/solarpower/6155110/Solar-panel-

roads-could-solve-energy-crisis.html

Silent Wind :http://www.silentwinds.com/channel/5913/why_solar_energy_may_be_the_solution_to_the

_energy_crisis

Wind energy investing :http://www.windenergyinvesting.com/category/energy-crisis/ EPA :http://epa.gov/climatechange/kids/greenhouse.html Eath animated guide :http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse/ Did you know ? - The Reader's Digest, by Dorling Kindersley,1992 :page 194,206 and

302

Raw material company :http://www.rawmaterials.com/index.cfm Raw materials econs :http://rawmaterialsecon.com/economics/69/understanding-our-

economic-crisis.html Euroactiv -European equities :http://www.euractiv.com/en/sustainability/brussels-warns-

looming-raw-materials-crisis/article-164342

And Thanks to Mr Janvier a biology teacher at Lyce Vauban (Ardennes) to the plan andsources audit

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