energy & atmosphere 6 credits; 17 points

LEED NC

Energy and Atmosphere

17 pointsSlide Editor: James A. Strapko

LEED Source: www.intheleed.com

http://www.intheleed.com/

Energy & Atmosphere6 Credits; 17 Points

EAPR1: Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems

EAPR2: Minimum Energy PerformanceEAPR3: Fundamental Refrigerant ManagementEAc1, (1-10 points): Optimize Energy PerformanceEAc2, (1-3 points): On-Site Renewable EnergyEAc3: Enhanced CommissioningEAc4: Enhanced Refrigerant ManagementEAc5: Measurement & VerificationEAc6: Green Power


EAPR1: F___ C___ of B___ E___ S___EAPR2: M___ E___ P___EAPR3: F___ R___ M___EAc1: O___ E___ P___EAc2: O___-S___ R___ E___EAc3: E___ C___EAc4: E___ R___ M___EAc5: M___ & V___EAc6: G___ P___

EA Prerequisite 1Fundamental Commissioning of

Building Energy Systems

EAP1: EA Prerequisite 1Fundamental Commissioning of

Building Energy SystemsIntent:• Verify that building’s energy related systems are installed, calibrated, and perform according

to the following criteria– BOD (Basis of Design),– OPR (Owner’s Project Requirements)– Construction Documents

Implementation: (UPDATED!)Designate a Commissioning Authority (CxA) to lead, review, and oversee completion of

commissioning process – Experienced in two similar projects– Independent person– For projects less that 50,000 SF, commissioning can be done by design or construction

team member

EAP1: EA Prerequisite 1Fundamental Commissioning of

Building Energy SystemsImplementation, continued:6 Requirements of CxA, Commissioning Authority• Review the BOD (Basis of Design) & OPR (Owner’s Project Requirements)• Develop a Commissioning Plan• Include in construction documents commissioning requirements• Verify the Installation & Performance of Systems• Report results and findings to Owner• Complete a summary with the reportCommissioned Systems Include:• HVAC• Lighting• Renewable Energy • Domestic Hot WaterCode: noneSubmittal Phase: constructionExtra Credit: none

EA Prerequisite P2Minimum Energy Performance

EAP2: EA Prerequisite 2Minimum Energy Performance

Intent:• Establish minimum level of energy efficiency for building system.Implementation:option 1:• Building envelope and system to comply with ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1-2004 Sections 5 - 10 • Comply with prescriptive requirements of ASHRAE, 90.1-2004option 2:• Comply with local codes or DOE (Department of Energy), instead of ASHRAE• Mandatory: provide occupancy controls for:

– class rooms– meeting rooms– break rooms

Code:• ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1-2004• Local Codes• DOE (Department of Energy)Submittal Phase: DesignExtra Credit: none


ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1-2004 Sections 5 - 10

EA Prerequisite P3Fundamental Refrigerant

Management

EAP3: EA Prerequisite 3Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Intent:• Reduce ozone depletion.Implementation:• New Building: Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in HVAC systems• Existing Building: Consider replacement or “phase-out” program for HVAC units and fire

systems with CFCs.• CFC production stopped in 1995 and was phased out 5 years after that.• Existing mechanical systems connected to existing chilled water systems have to be CFC-free.• notes:

– ODP: ozone depletion potential– GWP: global warming potential

• Specify new HVAC equipment that uses NO CFC REFRIGERANTSCode:• EPA Montreal Protocol - 1987Submittal Phase: designExtra Credit: none

EAP3: EA Prerequisite 3Fundamental Refrigerant Management

EA Credit 1Optimize Energy

Performance

EA Credit 1: 1-10 PointsOptimize Energy Performance

EA Credit 1: 1-10 PointsOptimize Energy PerformanceIntent:

• Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the baseline in the prerequisite.• Reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with building energy usage.Implementation: • Methods of optimizing energy performance:

– Reduce building footprint– Reduce demand– Provide sensors in:

• for break rooms• class rooms• meeting/conference rooms

– Harvest Energy • Building Orientation• Window Location• Natural Ventilation

– Improve Efficiency • through design of HVAC, lighting, and building envelope

– Recover Waste Energy • Exhaust Air Energy• Graywater Heat• Cogeneration


OPTION 1: WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION (1 to 10 points possible) New Buildings: – demonstrate percentage of improvement in proposed building performance rating

compared to baseline performance rating per Building Performance Rating method in Appendix G in ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1 - 2004.

– 1 point at 10.5% improvement, then 1 additional point for each 3.5% after that. (10 points max!)

Existing Buildings: – same as new buildings, except 1 point at 3.5%, then 1 additional point for each 3.5%

after that. (10 points max!)• For Calculations: INCLUDE ALL ENERGY COSTS• Compare to a baseline (model simulation)• Provide 4 orientation simulations for baseline modeling.• updated: since June 2007:

Projects pursuing option 1 attempt at least 2 points (14 or 7 points).


OPTION 2: PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH: "Design Guide for Small Office Buildings" (4 points possible) Comply with ASHRAE "Guide for Small Office Buildings" - 2004.

• Building must be less than 20,000 SF with office occupancy• For Calculations: NOT energy costs, but use CLIMATE ZONE factorOPTION 3: PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH: "Core Performance Guide" (2-5 points possible)

Comply with Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide sections 1 & 2• Buildings must be LESS than 100,000 sq. ft.• Buildings may NOT be healthcare, warehouse or laboratories• MINIMUM points achievable (2 to 3 points)• 3 points for office, school, public assembly and retail• 2 points for all other project types• Additional points achievable (up to 2 additional points)• Up to 2 points for projects that implement section 3: enhanced performance

– 1 point for every 3 strategies implemented– DO NOT count the following sections:– 3.1: cool roofs– 3.8: night venting– 3.13: additional commissioning


OPTION 4: PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH: "Benchmark version 1.1" (1 possible) – updated: since June 26 2007 - projects may NO LONGER use this option– comply with ASHRAE Benchmark v1.1– This is just here for your information

THIS IS ACCORDING TO THE THIRD EDITION OF THE REFERENCE GUIDE FROM OCTOBER 2007 PLEASE SEE the ERRATA SHEET for updates to this credit since the earlier editions.

Code: • ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1 - 2004 (option 1)• ASHRAE Guide for Small Office Buildings (option 2)• ASHRAE Core Performance Guide (option 3)• ASHRAE Benchmark v.1.1 (option 4)Submittal Phase: • designExtra Credit: • none

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EA Credit 2On Site Renewable Energy

EA Credit 2: 1-3 PointsOn Site Renewable Energy


Intent: • Increase on-site renewable energy self supply• Reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with fossil fuel use• Offset building energy costsImplementation: • ELIGIBLE TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY:

– Solar– Photo-voltaic– Wind– Geothermal heating and electric– Biomass– Bio-gas– Low-Impact Hydro Electric


Implementation: • NON-ELIGIBLE TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY:

– Architectural features– Passive solar– Daylighting– Geo-exchange (ground source heat pumps)– Green-power from off site

• To gain points: achieve savings in building annual energy cost savings– 2.5% = 1 point– 7.5% = 2 points– 12.5% = 3 points (max)

Codes: • DOE (Department of Energy)• CBECS (Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey)Submittal Phase: • DesignExtra Credit: (earned under ID, Innovative Design, not “exemplary performance”)• Gain 1 additional point for 17.5% through ID, Innovative Design. (3 EA + 1 ID = 4 total)

EA Credit 3Enhanced Commissioning

EA Credit 3: 1 PointEnhanced Commissioning

Intent:• To begin commissioning process early during design process• Execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completedImplementation:• In addition to prerequisite commissioning (EAp1):

– designate CxA (commissioning authority) to lead/review/oversee completion of all commissioning process activities

– CxA must REVIEW OPR (Owner’s Project’s Requirements), BOD (Basis of Design), and Design Documents prior to 50% CD.

– CxA shall REVIEW SUBMITTALS for compliance with OPR and BOD.– Develop a SYSTEMS MANUAL for operating staff– Verify that requirements for TRAINING STAFF & OCCUPANTS are completed– REVIEW BUILDING OPERATION 8-10 months AFTER SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION

Code: noneSubmittal Phase: constructionExtra Credit: none

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EA Credit 4Enhanced Refrigerant

Management

EA Credit 4: 1 PointEnhanced Refrigerant Management

Intent:• Reduce Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP)• Support early compliance with EPA Montreal ProtocolImplmentation:• Quick Information:

– refrigerant comparison • CFC (high)• HCFC (medium)• HFC (low)

– efficiency of HFC is less than HCFC• OPTION 1: do not use ANY refrigerants• OPTION 2: use refrigerants and HVAC that minimizes or eliminates emission of compounds

that cause ozone depletion & global warming – do not install fire suppression systems with ozone depleting substances– use natural refrigerants: water, carbon dioxide, ammonia– use refrigerants with low ODP & GWP– minimize Lr (leakage rate)– use equipment with efficient Rc (refrigerant charge)– use equipment with “long service life“


Code:• Clean Air Act 1990• EPA Montreal Protocol 1987Submittal Phase:• designExtra Credit:• none

EA Credit 5Measurement &

Verification

EA Credit 5: 1 PointMeasurement & Verification

Intent:• Provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time. Basically,

develop a plan to measure and check the building’s energy consumption.Implementation:• Note: there are 4 options in the protocol, but for LEED we only look at 2, B and D.• Develop and implement a Measurement and Verification (M&V) Plan consistent with:

– OPTION B (smaller buildings): Energy Conservation measure isolation - for isolating main energy systems • as specified in IPMVP (International Performance Measurement & Verification

Protocol) & EMS (Energy Management System)– OPTION D (whole building systems): Calibrated Simulation - for buildings with

interactive systems • measurement and verification shall cover a period of no less than 1 year of post-

construction occupancyCode:• IPMVP (International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol)Submittal Phase: constructionExtra Credit: none

EA Credit 6Green Power

EA Credit 6: 1 PointGreen Power

Intent:• Encourage development and use of grid-source renewable energy technologies for NET ZERO

pollution basis.Implementation:• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY (as defined by the CRS - Center for Resource Solutions):

– Solar– Photo-voltaic– Wind– Geothermal heating and electric– Biomass– Bio-gas– Low-Impact Hydro Electric

• Determine BASELINE electricity use from: – consumption based on EA1 - Optimize Energy Performance– use DOE (Department of Energy) CBECS (Commercial Building Energy Consumption

Survey)

http://www.intheleed.com/ea1

EA Credit 6: 1 PointGreen Power

Implementation, continued:• CASE 1: in states with an OPEN electrical market

– select 35% GREEN-E certified power provider with 2 year contract.• CASE 2: in states with CLOSED electrical market

– enroll in Green Power Program for 35% of the electrical energy• CASE3: where green power is NOT available

– purchase RECs (tradeable Renewable Certificates) • purchase quantity of RECs equivalent to 35% of predicted annual electrical

consumption for 2 year period (this equals 70% of projected annual electrical consumption if all RECs are purchased at one time)

Code:• CRS (Center for Resource Solutions) - Green-eProduct Certification Requirements• DOE (Department of Energy)• CBECS (Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey)Submittal Phase: constructionExtra Credit: purchase 70% GREEN-E certified power (instead of 35%)


EAPR1:EAPR2: EAPR3: EAc1: EAc2: EAc3: EAc4: EAc5: EAc6:

LEED NC

Energy and Atmosphere

17 pointsSlide Editor: James A. Strapko

LEED Source: www.intheleed.com

http://www.intheleed.com/