energy
DESCRIPTION
Energy. The ability to do work . Energy Laws. Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed Energy is converted (changed) from one form to another When we eat food - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EnergyThe ability to do work
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Energy LawsLaws of Thermodynamics (energy flow)
1. Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed– Energy is converted (changed) from one form to
another – When we eat food
2. Law of Entropy - Energy can not be converted with out the loss of useable energy – The loss of energy is called Entropy– Light bulb – light energy, but looses heat
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The Flow
Plants
Animals
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How do organisms get their energy?
Autotroph – makes its own food (doesn’t eat)
Heterotroph – needs to eat to obtain energy
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Autotroph Energy
Photosynthesis
• The process of turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy used by the cell.
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Heterotroph Energy
Cellular Respiration
• The process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy used by the cell
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PhotosynthesisThe process of turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy used by the cell.
Need:• Carbon dioxide – CO2
• Water – H2O• Sunlight
To Produce:• Glucose – C6H12O6
• Oxygen- O2
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Put it all together……
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2Sunlight
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Where?
• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts
• Chlorophyll absorbs the light and starts the photosynthesis reaction– Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts– It is what makes plants green
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Parts of a Chloroplast
Outer MembraneGranum – Stacks of Thylakoids - where the chlorophyll is
Stroma
Lamellae
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Cellular RespirationThe process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy used by the cell
Need• Glucose - C6H12O6
• Oxygen - O2
To Produce• Carbon Dioxide - CO2
• Water - H2O• Energy
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Put it all together…..
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
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The Energy Currency of The Cell
ATP The unit of energy used in the cell
• Produced during cellular respiration• When the ATP molecule is broken it releases
energy• ATP breakdown takes place in the
mitochondria
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Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic – requires oxygen
Anaerobic – does not require oxygen
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Aerobic Respiration
• Uses oxygen to make ATP• What happens during cellular respiration• Produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration• Preferred way to make energy
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Anaerobic Respiration
• Some organisms do not use oxygen to make energy – yeast and some bacteria
• Will happen when there is not enough oxygen• This type of respiration does not produce as
much ATP as aerobic respiration
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Two Kinds of Anaerobic Respiration
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation – produces lactic acid in the cells (muscle aches, sour cream)
2. Alcohol Fermentation – produces alcohol and carbon dioxide in the cells (bacteria and yeast)