endocrinology: anatomy and physiology
DESCRIPTION
Presentation to participants undertaking the: Critical Care Transition Program at ACT Health, 2008TRANSCRIPT
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Jamie Ranse: Critical Care Education Coordinator, Staff Development Unit, ACT Health.
Endocrinology anatomy and physiology
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• Outline endocrine function
• Outline various functions of endocrine organs:
– Pituitary gland,
– Adrenal gland,
– Thyroid gland,
– Parathyroid glands, and
– Pancreatic function.
Overview
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Overview
What is the endocrine system?
• Complex system
• Coordinates and maintains a ‘steady state’
• Hormones activated by other hormones or neural impulses
• Regulated feedback system
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Overview
What are hormones?
• Chemical substances
• Transported though the blood to the target cells
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Endocrine organpituitary gland
• Gross anatomy
• Position
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Endocrine organpituitary gland
• Gross anatomy
• Position
• Divisions:– Adenohypophysis
• Pars tuberalis• Pars distalis
– Neurohypophysis• Neural lobe• Infundibular stalk• Median eminence
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Endocrine organpituitary gland
Common alterations in pathology (anterior pituitary)• Hypersecretion of growth hormone (Gigantism)• Hypersecreting ACTH (Cushing’s syndrome)
Common alterations in pathology (posterior pituitary)• ADH deficiency • Inappropriate ADH secretion
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Endocrine organadrenal gland
• Gross anatomy
• Position
• Layers
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Endocrine organadrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
• Adrenal cortical steroids (cortisol)
• Aldosterone
Adrenal medulla
• Adrenaline
• Noradrenaline
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Endocrine organadrenal gland
Common alterations in pathology• Adrenocortical insufficiency• Acute (addisionian) crisis
• Chronic deficiency• Adrenocortical excess
– Cushing’s syndrome– Cushing’s disease
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Endocrine organthyroid and parathyroid
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Endocrine organthyroid and parathyroid
Thyroid
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Triidothyronine (T3)
• Throcalcitonin
Parathyroid
• Parathormone
• Throcalcitonin
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Endocrine organthyroid and parathyroid
Common alterations in pathology
Thyroid• Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)• Thyroid strom• Hypothyroidism
Parathyroid• Hyperparathyroidism• Hypoparathyroidism
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Endocrine organpancreas
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Endocrine organpancreas
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Summary
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Summary
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Summary
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Jamie Ranse: Critical Care Education Coordinator, Staff Development Unit, ACT Health.
Endocrinology anatomy and physiology