ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

•The endocrine system is in charge of body processes that happen slowly, such as cell growth.

•Faster processes like breathing and body movement are controlled by the nervous system.

•But even though the nervous system and endocrine system are separate systems, they often work together to help the body function properly.

Parts of the Endocrine System The major glands include:

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands, which include the ovaries and testes.

Pancreas produces and secretes digestive enzymes.

Some non-endocrine organs — such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, thymus, skin, and placenta — also produce and release hormones.

Glands

A gland is a group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, chemicals.

A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body.

Endocrine glands, on the other hand, release more than 20 major hormones directly into the bloodstream where they can be transported to cells in other parts of the body.

Hormones

Chemical messengers that transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another

Produced by the glands in the endocrine system

Enter directly into the bloodstream, so they take longer to produce chemical changes

Hormone levels can be influenced by factors such as stress, infection, and changes in the balance of fluid and minerals in blood.

Hormones and their functionsHormone Glands Function

Adrenaline Adrenals Flight or Fight response, arousal

Cortisol Adrenals Arousal, stress hormone, memory

Melatonin Pineal Regulation of sleep

Oxytocin Pituitary and Hypothalamus

Mother-child attachment, love

Testosterone and estrogen

Gonads Development, emotion

Compare and Contrast Hormones and Neurotransmitters

Hormones Similarities Neurotransmitters