Endocrine SystemMajor Organs

Pituitary Gland Size of a grape Hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of

the hypothalamus. Two lobes

Anterior lobe Posterior lobe

Hormones of Pituitary Anterior Lobe - GH, prolactin, FSH, LH,

TSH

Posterior Lobe – oxytocin and ADH

Hypothalamus Floor of the diencephalon of the brain.

Hormones of Hypothalamus Releasing and inhibiting hormones that

regulate the pituitary gland.

Thyroid Gland Located at the base of the throat inferior to

the Adam’s apple. Consists of two lobes joined by the isthmus.

Hormones of Thyroid Gland Thyroxine (T4)

Triiodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin

Parathyroid Glands Tiny masses of glandular tissue. Found on the posterior surface of the

thyroid gland. Two glands on each thyroid gland.

Hormones of Parathyroid Glands Parathyroid hormones

Adrenal Glands Two bean-shaped glands. Found on top of the kidneys. Adrenal cortex – outer region Adrenal medulla – inner region

Hormones - Adrenal Glands Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids

Pancreatic Islets Little masses of tissue scattered in the

pancreas.

Pancreatic Islets

Hormones - Pancreatic Islets Insulin Glucagon

Pineal Gland Small, cone-shaped gland. Found in the roof of the 3rd ventricle of the

brain.

Hormones - Pineal Gland melatonin

Thymus

Located at the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum.

Thymus

Hormones - Thymus Thymosine

Gonads Female Gonads

Ovaries – paired almond-sized organs Located in the pelvic cavity.

Male Gonads Testes – paired oval organs Located in sacs (scrotum) outside the pelvic

cavity.

Hormones - Gonads Female Gonads

Estrogen Progesterone

Male Gonads Androgens (such as testosterone)