Endangered Species Endangered Species CloningCloning

By Kyle FullerBy Kyle Fuller

Per. 1Per. 1

Basic Principles of Basic Principles of GeneticsGenetics

When a dominant allele is present, it shows When a dominant allele is present, it shows up even if a recessive allele is present too. up even if a recessive allele is present too. A recessive allele can only show if both A recessive allele can only show if both alleles are controlled by the recessive trait.alleles are controlled by the recessive trait.

When there are co-dominant alleles, there When there are co-dominant alleles, there is a mix of the two traits.is a mix of the two traits.

The alleles of two parents combine for traits The alleles of two parents combine for traits in an offspring by one parent giving one in an offspring by one parent giving one allele each to the offspring.allele each to the offspring.

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T TT Tt

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Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project The HGP started in 1990. The goals The HGP started in 1990. The goals

were to identify the genes in DNA and were to identify the genes in DNA and determine the sequences of the determine the sequences of the chemical pairs. They also wanted to chemical pairs. They also wanted to store the information, improve tools for store the information, improve tools for genetic research, transfer technologies, genetic research, transfer technologies, and address the issues that could be and address the issues that could be caused by the HGPcaused by the HGP

Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project We can imply that they want to find out a lot We can imply that they want to find out a lot

about genetics. You shouldn’t be able to buy about genetics. You shouldn’t be able to buy genes or sell them. Also, people shouldn’t be genes or sell them. Also, people shouldn’t be outcasts because they have a certain gene. outcasts because they have a certain gene. Laws should be made to prevent these Laws should be made to prevent these problemsproblems

The Human Genome Project made the law The Human Genome Project made the law GINA because they found out people could see GINA because they found out people could see what genes other people have and not let them what genes other people have and not let them have insurancehave insurance

Genetic DisordersGenetic Disorders Single-gene disorder is caused by a Single-gene disorder is caused by a

mutant allele of one gene. It is a heredity mutant allele of one gene. It is a heredity disorder and is only present in a certain disorder and is only present in a certain type of cell. An example is sickle-cell type of cell. An example is sickle-cell diseasedisease

Chromosome abnormalities are usually Chromosome abnormalities are usually caused by a mistake in the egg or caused by a mistake in the egg or sperm. It is abnormal in every cell in the sperm. It is abnormal in every cell in the body. An example is Down syndrome.body. An example is Down syndrome.

A multifactioral disorder can be caused A multifactioral disorder can be caused by multiple things. For example, heart by multiple things. For example, heart disease can be caused by genetics or disease can be caused by genetics or bad diet.bad diet.

Genetic DisordersGenetic Disorders

Genetic counseling can let the parents Genetic counseling can let the parents know what the chances are of a baby know what the chances are of a baby having a genetic disorder and if they having a genetic disorder and if they should have a babyshould have a baby

Karyotypes are used to predict disorders Karyotypes are used to predict disorders because they look at the size, shape, and because they look at the size, shape, and number of chromosomes.number of chromosomes.

Argument 1Argument 1I am against cloning endangered species I am against cloning endangered species

because the money used to clone the animals because the money used to clone the animals should be used to save the animal’s habitat. should be used to save the animal’s habitat. There are less then 300 Asian lions in the world. There are less then 300 Asian lions in the world. Scientists want to spend $1 million to clone the Scientists want to spend $1 million to clone the lions. But if they don’t have any room to live, lions. But if they don’t have any room to live, where will all the extra lions go? where will all the extra lions go?

Argument 2Argument 2

Another reason that I am against endangered Another reason that I am against endangered species cloning is that cloning usually makes species cloning is that cloning usually makes animals deformed and puts them in pain. Dolly animals deformed and puts them in pain. Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, had arthritis. the sheep, the first cloned mammal, had arthritis. Also, when the extinct Pyrenean ibexAlso, when the extinct Pyrenean ibex was was successfully cloned, it died within a few minutes successfully cloned, it died within a few minutes because of deformed lungs. Animals shouldn’t because of deformed lungs. Animals shouldn’t be put in pain because they are deformed when be put in pain because they are deformed when the animal’s habitat can be saved. the animal’s habitat can be saved.

Argument 3Argument 3One more reason that I am against cloning One more reason that I am against cloning

endangered species is that the only animals that endangered species is that the only animals that have been successfully cloned are domestic. If have been successfully cloned are domestic. If you can’t save endangered species, what’s the you can’t save endangered species, what’s the point in cloning these animals? Sheep, cows, point in cloning these animals? Sheep, cows, pigs, and mice have been. There is also a 2% pigs, and mice have been. There is also a 2% efficiency in cloning farm animals and a chance efficiency in cloning farm animals and a chance that is next to nothing when cloning dogs, that is next to nothing when cloning dogs, monkeys, and chickens. It will be much harder to monkeys, and chickens. It will be much harder to clone wild animals.clone wild animals.

Argument 4Argument 4The last reason I don’t like The last reason I don’t like

endangered species cloning is that endangered species cloning is that cloned animals usually die young. Dolly cloned animals usually die young. Dolly the sheep lived just 6 years, but sheep the sheep lived just 6 years, but sheep usually live around 12. Animals that are usually live around 12. Animals that are cloned are sometimes are a lot like cloned are sometimes are a lot like animals that are born prematurely. animals that are born prematurely. Sometimes their lungs aren’t fully Sometimes their lungs aren’t fully developed or their hearts don’t work the developed or their hearts don’t work the right way. Going back to the lions, if the right way. Going back to the lions, if the lions were cloned, it probably wouldn’t lions were cloned, it probably wouldn’t help the population because they would help the population because they would die young.die young.

Dolly the sheep

ConclusionConclusion

I think endangered species cloning is a I think endangered species cloning is a bad idea. It is a waste of time and money. bad idea. It is a waste of time and money. Also, it is too hard to clone wild animals, it Also, it is too hard to clone wild animals, it puts animals in pain, and cloned animals puts animals in pain, and cloned animals die young. For these reasons, it should not die young. For these reasons, it should not be funded by the government.be funded by the government.

Works CitedWorks CitedPrimary SourcePrimary Source

Secondary SourcesSecondary Sources "Human Genome Project Information." "Human Genome Project Information." Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge National Laboratory. U.S. . U.S.

Department of Energy, 3 Feb. 2011. Web. 7 Mar. 2011. Department of Energy, 3 Feb. 2011. Web. 7 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml>. <http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml>.

"Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues --Genome Research." "Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues --Genome Research." Oak Ridge National Oak Ridge National LaboratoryLaboratory. U.S. Department of Energy, 16 Sept. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2011. . U.S. Department of Energy, 16 Sept. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml>. <http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml>.

"Single-gene Disorder - Glossary Entry - Genetics Home Reference." "Single-gene Disorder - Glossary Entry - Genetics Home Reference." Genetics Home Genetics Home Reference - Your Guide to Understanding Genetic ConditionsReference - Your Guide to Understanding Genetic Conditions. 20 Mar. 2011. Web. 8 . 20 Mar. 2011. Web. 8 Mar. 2011. <http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=singlegenedisorder>. Mar. 2011. <http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=singlegenedisorder>.

"Genome.gov | Chromosome Abnormalities Fact Sheet." "Genome.gov | Chromosome Abnormalities Fact Sheet." Genome.gov | National Genome.gov | National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) - HomepageHuman Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) - Homepage. 8 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 . 8 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://www.genome.gov/11508982>. Mar. 2011. <http://www.genome.gov/11508982>.

Essig, Maria G. "Chromosome Analysis (karyotype)." Essig, Maria G. "Chromosome Analysis (karyotype)." WebMD - Better Information. WebMD - Better Information. Better Health.Better Health. Ed. Susan Van Houten. 20 Apr. 2009. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Ed. Susan Van Houten. 20 Apr. 2009. Web. 10 Mar. 2011.

<http://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/chromosome-analysis-karyotype>.<http://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/chromosome-analysis-karyotype>.

Works Cited (continued)

"What Are Complex or Multifactorial Disorders? - Genetics Home Reference." Genetics Home Reference - Your Guide to Understanding Genetic Conditions. 20 Mar. 2011. Web. Mar. 2011. <http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/complexdisorders>.

United States of America. May 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/GINAMay2008.pdf>.

Pictures

"Add-on Activities » Duke Safaris Hunting and Photographic Guides." Home » Duke Safaris Hunting and Photographic Guides. Web. 24 Mar. 2011.

<http://www.dukesafaris.com/activities/index.php>. Weiss, Kenneth R. "Polar Bear Is Listed as Threatened Species -

Latimes.com." Los Angeles Times - California, National and World News - Latimes.com. 15 May 2008. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. <http://www.latimes.com/news/science/environment/la-me-polar15-

2008may15,0,1220040.story>.